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perforation of the biliary system occurs
most frequently in the gallbladder , usually associated with ( and complicating
upto 10% cases of ) acute cholecystitis .
perforation of the extrahepatic biliary
tree is a rare entity , accounting for less than 10% of intraperitoneal biliary
rupture .
bile duct perforati... | spontaneous perforation of the extrahepatic biliary system is a rare presentation of ductal stones .
we report the case of a twenty - year - old woman presenting at term with biliary peritonitis caused by common bile duct ( cbd ) perforation due to an impacted stone in the distal common bile duct .
the patient had... | 1. INTRODUCTION
2. CASE PRESENTATION
3. DISCUSSION |
two male patients with type 2 diabetes ( t2d ) and coronary heart disease had plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide ( bnp ) and n - terminal probrain natriuretic peptide ( nt - probnp ) measured as part of routine evaluation .
their glomerular filtration rate was normal ( > 75 ml / min per 1.73 m ) , hba1c was ... | since their discovery in 1981 , the cardiac natriuretic peptides ( cnp ) atrial natriuretic peptide ( also referred to as atrial natriuretic factor ) and brain natriuretic peptide have been well characterised in terms of their renal and cardiovascular actions .
in addition , it has been shown that cnp plasma levels ... | Introduction
The cardiologist's perspective
The endocrinologist's perspective
Declaration of interest
Funding |
stress cardiomyopathy ( scm ) , a disease with many names like the broken heart syndrome ,
takotsubo cardiomyopathy , and apical ballooning syndrome , is characterized by regional myocardial dysfunction , typically occurring in the wake of a significant physical or emotional stressor .
the pathophysiology of the cond... | we report the case of a 79-year - old woman who presented to our hospital for elective removal of an infratentorial meningioma and suffered a periprocedural cardiac arrest . shortly after uncomplicated induction of anesthesia prior to the surgery ,
the patient became hypotensive and bradycardic , culminating ultimat... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Funding Sources
Conflicts of Interest |
appropriate management of moderate postoperative pain is well achieved associating several analgesic drugs with adjuvant agents through synergistic interaction .
the potential advantage of this combined therapy is related to the minimization of the incidences of adverse effects of each drug and to the improvement of th... | background : tramadol hydrochloride ( hcl ) and ketorolac tromethamine are analgesic drugs , which are commonly used in combination in postoperative pain management . according to some studies , metoclopramide and magnesium sulfate ( mgso4 ) as adjuvant agents can improve analgesia and decrease the need for other pain... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Preparation of stock solutions
Admixture preparation and analysis
High-performance liquid chromatography
Data analysis
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
antiphospholipid syndrome ( aps ) may predispose the patient to deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) , pulmonary thromboembolism ( pte ) , pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary infarction , and occasionally progress to pulmonary cavitations .
corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy directed at reducing antibody are not adv... | antiphospholipid syndrome ( aps ) is a systemic disease that causes venous and arterial thrombosis in virtually any organ .
sometimes it is complicated into pulmonary infarction and cavitation , pulmonary hypertension , and catastrophic course with high morbidity and mortality .
the present case is a 35-year - old... | Introduction
Case Description
Discussion
Conclusion
None |
the patients in the african - heritage ( n = 9 ) and caucasian - heritage ( n = 11 ) groups had similar distributions of sex , age , and duration of diabetes ( male 75 vs. 70% , p = 0.89 ; mean sd age 53.3 7.2 vs. 55.2 4.6 years , p = 0.50 ; and duration 10.3 10.7 vs. 6.8 6.4 years , p = 0.37 , respectively ) .
sy... | objective we compared the renal and systemic vascular ( renovascular ) response to a reduction of bioavailable nitric oxide ( no ) in type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy and of african and caucasian heritage.research design and methods under euglycemic conditions , renal blood flow was determined by a const... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS |
following exposure of a population to radiation , concern about the risk of radiation - induced cancer can be a major source of anxiety,1,2 particularly for parents concerned about the future health of their children.3 despite the obvious importance of preventing accidental radiation exposure and reducing exposure leve... | the risk of radiation - induced cancer adds to anxiety in low - dose exposed populations .
safe and effective lifestyle changes which can help mitigate excess cancer risk might provide exposed individuals the opportunity to pro - actively reduce their cancer risk , and improve mental health and well - being . here
... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
exacerbations of copd are associated with accelerated loss of lung function , poor quality of life , and mortality.1,2 these events can be predicted by numerous clinical factors , including prior exacerbations , airflow obstruction , symptom burden , gastroesophageal reflux , and leukocytosis.3 it is important to detec... | purposepulmonary hypertension and exercise - induced oxygen desaturation ( eid ) influence acute exacerbation of copd .
computed tomography ( ct)-detected pulmonary artery ( pa ) enlargement is independently associated with acute copd exacerbations .
associations between pa to aorta ( pa : a ) ratio and eid in pat... | Introduction
Patients and methods
Study design and patient selection
Clinical characterization
Assessments
Six-minute walking test
Measuring the PA:A ratio
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Limitations
Conclusion |
patients with a preexisting episcleral encircling element who underwent implantation of a silicone agv to treat intractable glaucoma during january 2009 to september 2010 at a large , tertiary care ophthalmic hospital were identified by means of operative records .
postsurgical follow - up of less than 6 weeks and inab... | background : to describe the use of ahmed glaucoma valve ( agv ) in the management of intractable glaucoma in eyes with a preexisting episcleral encircling element.materials and methods : this is a retrospective , consecutive , noncomparative study .
the study included 12 eyes of 12 patients with a preexisting episc... | Materials and Methods
Study design
Surgical procedure
Preparation of donor scleral graft
Data collection and analysis
Results
Discussion |
hydroxyl radical attack on dna most frequently leads to base damages that result in generating a range of derivatives [ 13 ] .
aerobic organisms , within the course of evolution , developed a range of adaptive mechanisms inducing synthesis of anti - oxidative enzymes and/or enzymes repairing oxidative damages of dna [ ... | summarybackgroundthe broad spectrum of oxidative damage dna biomarkers : urinary excretion of 8-oxodg ( 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine ) , 8-oxogua ( 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine ) as well as the level of oxidative damage dna in leukocytes , was analyzed in cancer patients and healthy subjects.material/methods222 canc... | Background
Oxidatively modified bases
Diet as a potential source of 8-oxoGua and 8-oxodG in urine
Cell death as a potential source of 8-oxoGua and 8-oxodG in urine
Purpose
Material and Methods
Patients
Isolation of leukocytes from venous blood
DNA isolation and 8-oxodG determination in DNA isolates
Urine analysis
Stati... |
it is predicted that by 2025 , the prevalence of hypertension ( htn ) will increase by 60% to a total of 1.56 billion worldwide suggesting that htn remains a major public health problem .
htn in sub - saharan africa ( ssa ) has also been on the rise with reports indicating higher values in urban settings compared to ... |
background . despite the increasing trends suggesting that hypertension is a growing public health problem in developing countries , studies on its prevalence , associated risk factors , and extent of blood pressure control have been inequitably done in urban and rural communities in these countries .
we therefore... | 1. Background
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions |
granuloma annulare ( ga ) was first described in 1895 by colcott - fox who reported an 11-year - old girl with a ring eruption of the fingers .
the condition is a benign , usually self - limited granulomatous disease of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue .
clinically , the condition is characterized by asymptomatic ,... | granuloma annulare is a benign , self - limiting , inflammatory and granulomatous disease of unknown etiology occurring in both adults and children .
an 18-month - old male child had multiple progressive annular plaques over the lower extremities .
clinical and histopathological features were consistent with granu... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion |
we analyzed all 140 mrsa isolates we obtained during a previous study ( 2 ) and 50 other isolates selected from our collection of nosocomial mrsa isolates obtained in 2003 .
characteristics of these 190 isolates are shown in table 1 . * ni , nosocomial infection acquired at national taiwan university hospital ( ntuh ) ... | to determine the predominant staphylococcal cassette chromosome ( scc ) mec element in methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus , we typed 190 isolates from a hospital in taiwan .
we found a shift from type iv to type iii sccmec element during 19922003 , perhaps caused by selective pressure from indiscriminate ... | The Study
Conclusions |
fine - needle aspiration ( fna ) is the standard method used to determine treatment plans for thyroid nodules .
based on the bethesda system , the most generally accepted system for reporting thyroid cytology , the benign category implies a less than 3% risk of malignancy .
follow - up ultrasound ( us ) is recommende... |
objective . to determine the role of imaging - cytology correlation in reducing false negative results of fine - needle aspiration ( fna ) at thyroid nodules
.
methods . this retrospective study included 667 nodules 1 cm or larger in 649 patients diagnosed as benign at initial cytologic evaluation and that unde... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
congenital heart defects / diseases contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality in childhood , especially in the third - world countries where facilities for management are often deficient.1 about 35,000 infants ( 1 out of every 125 ) are born with heart defects every year in the united states.2 the incidence i... | five - chambered heart is extremely rare in children .
we report a case of asymptomatic five chamber heart detected in infancy .
the patient is 2-day - old and managed in a special care baby unit ( scbu ) for neonatal sepsis . during routine follow - up at the age of 1 month
, she was found to have an asymptomat... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
, we will provide an update on clinical features , pathogenesis , and treatment options .
clinically nc is characterized by closely arranged , dilated follicular openings with keratinous plugs resembling classical comedones .
it is a rare type of an epidermal nevus usually with predilection for the face and neck area .... | the intention of this review on nevus comedonicus ( nc ) is to update on clinical features , pathogenesis , and therapy .
nc is a rare epidermal nevus type .
it is part of the nevus comedonicus syndrome , a neurocutaneous disorder with ocular , skeletal , and central nervous symptoms .
recently , acne - related ... | Introduction
Epidemiology
Clinical Characteristics
Histopathology
Association with Genetic Syndromes and Other Diseases
Treatment
Conclusion |
the " gold standard " for assessing fibrosis , liver biopsy , is recommended prior to the initiation of antiviral therapy ; in addition , it is vital for monitoring fibrosis progression . unfortunately , this procedure is invasive , prone to complications , including hemorrhage and death , and has a high risk of sampli... | backgroundbiochemical markers for liver fibrosis ( fibrotest ) and necroinflammatory features ( actitest ) are an alternative to liver biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis c. our aim was to assess the inter - laboratory variability of these tests , and their 6 components ( -glutamyl transpeptidase , alanine amino... | Background
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
Methods
Authors' contribution
Acknowledgements |
with the exception of mammals , the function of the members of the atad2 protein family remains mostly undefined in multicellular eukaryotes .
the first reported activity of atad2 ( atpase family aaa+ domain - containing protein 2 ) is its ability to act as a co - activator of estrogen and androgen receptors ( zou et a... | atad2 , a remarkably conserved , yet poorly characterized factor is found upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in a variety of independent cancers in human .
studies conducted on the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae atad2 homologue , yta7 , are now indicating that the members of this family may primarily be ... | INTRODUCTION
ATAD2-LIKE PROTEINS ARE CONSERVED FROM YEAST TO HUMAN
YTA7, THE UNIQUE BUDDING YEAST ATAD2-LIKE PROTEIN, IS A PROBABLE HISTONE CHAPERONE REGULATING TRANSCRIPTION OF HISTONES AND OTHER GENES
YTA7 PROTEIN AND CHROMATIN BOUNDARY ELEMENTS
FROM YTA7 TO ATAD2A: FUNCTIONAL ORTHOLOGS?
CONCLUSION |
tuberculosis remains the most important infectious disease globally , and mycobacterium tuberculosis is thought to be present in one - third of the world 's population with 810 million new cases of active tuberculosis occurring annually worldwide . in 2013 , an estimated 9.0 million people developed tuberculosis , and ... | human tuberculosis remains a huge global public health problem with an estimated 1/3rd of the population being infected .
defensins are antibacterial cationic peptides produced by a number of cell types , most notably neutrophil granulocytes and epithelial cells .
all three defensin types ( - , - , and -defensins ... | 1. Introduction
2. Defensins in Man and Animals
3. Mechanism of Action; the Role of Defensins in Immunity
4. Antimycobacterial Activity
5. Antimycobacterial Therapy
6. Future Perspective
7. Conclusion |
numerical investigations of cosmological spacetimes can be categorized into two broad classes of calculations , distinguished by their computational ( or even philosophical ) goals : 1 ) geometrical and mathematical principles of cosmological models , and 2 ) physical and astrophysical cosmology . in the former ,
the e... | in order to account for the observable universe , any comprehensive theory or model of cosmology must draw from many disciplines of physics , including gauge theories of strong and weak interactions , the hydrodynamics and microphysics of baryonic matter , electromagnetic fields , and spacetime curvature , for example... | Introduction
Background
Relativistic Cosmology
Physical Cosmology
Conclusion |
damage of the cell membrane system , especially the plasma membrane , is one of the primary events in heavy metal toxic action in plants .
disruption of membrane integrity is thought to be an effect of a complex interaction between heavy metals and functional groups of membranes .
it is well known that metal ions are e... | the effect of heavy metals on the modification of plasma membrane h+-atpase ( ec 3.6.3.14 ) activity in cucumber roots was studied . in plants stressed for 2 h with 10 m or 100 m cd , cu or ni the hydrolytic as well as
the transporting activity of h+-atpase in the plasma membranes of root cells was decreased .
tra... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Statistics
Results
Discussion |
a sandwich or laminate technique is one of the methods proposed for composite resin restorations , which was introduced for the first time by mclean , et al . in 1985 . the basic idea behind this technique is to use two different restorative materials for a single restorative procedure so that the maximum physico - mec... | background : an appropriate bond between glass - ionomer and the superficial resin materials is very important for the success of sandwich technique . the aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of three surface treatments of conventional glass - ionomer on its shear bond strength to giomer.materi... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
the introduction of acid - etch technique has opened a new era in orthodontic bonding .
the increased adhesion produced by acid pretreatment , using 85% phosphoric acid was demonstrated in 1955 by buonocore.1 in 1965 , with the advent of epoxy resin , newman2 began to apply this to directly bond brackets in orthodontic... | background and objectives : this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two soft drinks , coca - cola and mirinda orange on bracket bond strength , on adhesive remnant on teeth after debonding the bracket , and to observe by means of scanning electron microscope ( sem ) the effect of these drinks on intact and ... | Introduction
Methods
Storage of test specimens and experimental groups
Bond strength test
Evaluation of adhesive remnant on teeth after debonding
SEM
Results
SEM
Interpretation
Discussion
Conclusion |
periodontal diseases ( pds ) constitute a series of infections caused by the
microorganisms that colonize sites at or below the gingival margin .
these infections
commonly lead to periodontal inflammation and often result in the destruction of the
supportive periodontal tissues .
the organisms that cause these di... | abstractobjectivesto evaluate the efficacy of locally delivered doxycycline as an adjunct to
non - surgical treatment with the use of an ultrasonic device compared to
scaling and root planing using hand instruments , by means of clinical and
microbiological criteria.material and methodsthirty three patients with... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIAL AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLOSURE STATEMENTS |
it is known that 9095% of all cancers are caused by or closely associated with environmental factors and lifestyle .
this includes diet ( 3035% ) , cigarette smoking ( 2530% ) , and alcohol consumption ( 46% ) .
cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for heart disease , chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ... | cigarette smoking is one of the major causes of carcinogenesis .
direct genotoxicity induced by cigarette smoke leads to initiation of carcinogenesis .
nongenotoxic ( epigenetic ) effects of cigarette smoke also act as modulators altering cellular functions .
these two effects underlie the mechanisms of tumor pr... | 1. Introduction
2. The Three Carcinogensis Steps Affected by Cigarette Smoke
3. Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Sustained Angiogenesis
4. Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Cancer Invasion and Metastasis
5. Summary, Conclusive Remarks, and Future Perspectives |
population aging is the process by which older individuals become a proportionally larger share of the total population .
it was the most distinctive global demographic event that the world witnessed in the past century and is an important event for the twenty - first century too .
it was initially experienced by the m... | medications probably are the single most important health care technology in preventing illness , disability , and death in the geriatric population .
age - related changes in drug disposition and pharmacodynamic responses have significant clinical implications ; increased use of a number of medications raises the r... | BACKGROUND
EXTENT OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTION PROBLEM IN ELDERLY
NATURE OF THE PROBLEM
POLYPHARMACY AND ELDERLY
STEPS OF MINIMIZING ADR IN ELDERLY
CONCLUSION |
bioluminescence imaging ( bli ) using luciferase reporters has been indispensible for noninvasive monitoring of different biological processes such as tumor volume and transcriptional activation during tumor development / therapy , as well as immune cell infiltration into the tumor environment . unlike end - point anal... | bioluminescence imaging ( bli ) has shown to be crucial for monitoring in vivo biological processes .
so far , only dual bioluminescence imaging using firefly ( fluc ) and renilla or gaussia ( gluc ) luciferase has been achieved due to the lack of availability of other efficiently expressed luciferases using differe... | Introduction
Results
Characterization of a codon-optimized Vluc for mammalian gene expression
Optimization of the triple
Sequential monitoring of three biological events in response to glioma therapy
Discussion
Materials and methods
Supplementary Material |
the prevalence of pancreatic cystic neoplasms ( pcns ) is around 2.5%.1,2 pancreatic cysts are increasingly discovered probably because of the ubiquitous presence of multi - detector computed tomography ( ct ) scans and their increased use to evaluate patients with abdominal complaints .
endoscopic ultrasound ( eus ) p... | incidental pancreatic cysts are being increasingly recognized recently with incremented concern about health and frequent health check - up .
endoscopic ultrasound ( eus ) has emerged as the principal modality for imaging pancreas for various pancreatic diseases including pancreatic cyst .
but imaging alone can no... | INTRODUCTION
IMAGING OF PCN
EUS-FNA FOR PANCREATIC CYSTIC FLUID ASPIRATION
EUS-FNA FOR CYST WALL MASS
CONCLUSIONS |
the treatment of lymphoma depends on the type , location and stage of the disease .
the majority ( 50%90% ) of oal is low - grade mucosa associated lymphoid tissue ( malt ) lymphoma . according to the world health organization modification of the real classification ,
the other 4 main types of oal are follicular cell ,... | most lymphomas that involve the ocular adnexal structure are low grade , b cell , non - hodgkin s lymphomas .
the treatment depends upon the grade and stage of the disease .
high grade lymhoma requires treatment with systemic chemotherapy whereas the localized low grade ( extranodal marginal zone lymphoma ) can be... | Treatment options for ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL)
Observation
Surgery and cryotherapy
Radiotherapy
Immunotherapy: interferon (IFN-alpha)
Immunotherapy: monoclonal antibody
Chemotherapy
Systemic antibiotics |
uncontrolled bleeding remains major challenge , responsible for 40% trauma - related deaths , which could be prevented by timely intervention . in blunt trauma , extent of hemorrhage
can not be determined by physical examination , as vital signs may not give a clear picture in all the patients , especially young health... | background : in blunt trauma , extent of hemorrhage can not be determined by physical examination , and vital signs may also not give clear picture in all the patients , especially young healthy ones .
hemorrhagic shock has been reported to increase blood ammonia levels .
arterial ammonia was analyzed in blunt tra... | I
M
Statistical analysis
R
Receiver operating characteristics analysis
D
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
the proportion of adults over the age of 65 is expected to increase over the next 40 years .
an anticipated rise in the number of older adults is expected to lead to an increase in the prevalence of age - related diseases , which in turn , might result in escalating health care costs and heightened distress among famil... | the human brain shrinks with advancing age , but recent research suggests that it is also capable of remarkable plasticity , even in late life . in this review
we summarize the research linking greater amounts of physical activity to less cortical atrophy , better brain function , and enhanced cognitive function , a... | Introduction
Establishing the molecular basis of physical activity on brain health
Effects of physical activity on cognitive function in humans
Effects of physical activity and aerobic fitness on neuroimaging indices of brain health
Common biological pathways in depression
Conclusions and future directions |
multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy ( mcsm ) is a serious disease which can lead to spinal cord dysfunction and a substantial decrease in quality of life . in addition , mcsm requiring multilevel cervical spine surgery can be accompanied by extensive blood loss . as spinal surgery has become increasingly complex... | abstractto assess the safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid ( txa ) for decreasing perioperative blood loss in cervical laminectomy with lateral mass screw fixation and bone grafting ( clf ) , in which all surgical procedures are identical.from november 2014 to april 2016 , we performed a retrospective comparative an... | Introduction
Material and methods
Surgical procedure
Drug dose
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusions |
musculoskeletal stiffness and limited range of motion ( rom ) can restrict functional joint
movement , particularly during ankle supination following neurological diseases1 .
ankle dorsiflexion rom restrictions impair
dynamic balance and gait , which may contribute to secondary injuries ; reduced ankle rom and
ti... | [ purpose ] the present study assessed the effects of using an unstable inclined board on
the active and passive ankle range of motion in patients with ankle stiffness . [ subjects ]
the study included 10 young female patients with ankle stiffness .
[ methods ] the patients
were divided into the following two ... | INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
the dermal vascular changes have been evaluated by electron microscopy and shown to be due to change from arterial - type vessels to venules .
the vascular changes may also precede the epidermal alterations , as shown in some studies .
morphometric evaluation of dermal vasculature in psoriasis has shown increased endot... | background : vascular proliferation in the papillary dermis is considered to be an important and probably an early feature of psoriasis .
few morphometric studies have attempted to analyze the vascular changes .
however , no study was found in the available literature comparing vascular changes between psoriasis a... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
toxoplasmosis , a zoonosis caused by obligate intracellular protozoan toxoplasma gondii [ 1 , 2 ] , occurs in about one third of world population . having the cats as definitive hosts , especially the domestic cat
, it shows a wide range of intermediate hosts , including humans . in immunocompetent individuals ,
severe... | congenital toxoplasmosis is a potentially severe infection and its prevention is most often based on serological screening in pregnant women .
many cases could be prevented by simple precautions during pregnancy .
aiming to assess the knowledge about toxoplasmosis among professionals working in antenatal care in a... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
it is present , in fact , in compounds with different activities such as inhibitors of p38 map kinase , inhibitors of hiv - ep1 cellular transcription factor , inhibitors of coagulation factor xa , and -chemokine receptor ccr5 antagonists in anti - hiv therapy ; in particular we have focused our work on the development... | the use of electrogenerated acetonitrile anion allows the alkylation of n - boc-4-aminopyridine in very high yields , under mild conditions and without by - products .
the high reactivity of this base is due to its large tetraethylammonium counterion , which leaves the acetonitrile anion naked .
the deprotection... | 1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Biological Activity
4. Conclusion
5. Materials and Methods |
germ cell tumors ( gcts ) represent a well - recognized group of heterogeneous neoplasms with diverse clinical , histopathological , diagnostic , and prognostic characteristics .
being the most common solid tumor in the 3rd and 4th decades , gcts assume a particular significance among young adult males .
gonads are the... | abstractgerm cell tumors ( gcts ) represent a well - recognized group of heterogeneous neoplasms with diverse clinical , histopathological , diagnostic , and prognostic characteristics .
we present a rare case of a locally aggressive , chemotherapy - resistant immature mediastinal teratoma with a peculiar histologic... | Introduction
Case report
Clinical history and findings
Radiology findings
Clinical course
Pathology findings
Discussion
Conclusion |
parturient with congenital heart block may be asymptomatic but can present with sudden vascular collapse , especially during labour .
few patients with congenital heart block may have sudden cardiac death ( scd ) for which there are no predictors .
we present our experience of spinal anaesthesia in a 29-year - old fema... | congenital complete heart block could be absolutely asymptomatic . increased awareness of suspecting an atrioventricular heart block in patients with slow heart rate and electrocardiograph examination
will ensure recognition of this problem .
the possibility of sudden cardiac death in these patients should not be ... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
the study protocol was approved by the tianjin hospital ethics committee , and informed consent of all patients was obtained .
the inclusion criteria were 1 ) the injury time of hip fractures was < 24 h before admission and fracture diagnosis by x - ray examinations in our emergency department , 2 ) patient participate... | objectiveto investigate the risk of acute myocardial infarction ( ami ) following stress hyperglycemia after hip fracture.research design and methodsfrom february 2007 to february 2012 , we carried out a prospective observational analysis of 1,257 consecutive patients with no history of diabetes who suffered hip fract... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Patient selection
Procedures
Statistical analyses
Clinical follow-up
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS |
technological advances in three - dimensional ( 3d ) imaging such as cone - beam computed tomography ( cbct ) appear to offer significant advantages in both quality and quantity of data representing true anatomy
,
.
the increased use of computed tomography in dentistry has also spurred the improvement of existi... | objective the purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and reliability of two methods of measurements of linear distances ( multiplanar 2d and tridimensional reconstruction 3d ) obtained from cone - beam computed tomography ( cbct ) with different voxel sizes.material and methods ten dry human mandibles wer... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Image measurements
Statistical analyses
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
positive peritoneal washings are considered to be an important factor in management of patients with gynecological malignancies .
patients with positive peritoneal washings have been found to have worse prognosis than patients without malignant cells in cytology .
positive peritoneal washing in endometrial cancer is as... | context : peritoneal washing is performed for staging of gynecologic tumors to detect subclinical intraperitoneal metastases.aim:the aim of the present study was to assess the impact of surepath liquid - based cytology ( lbc ) in peritoneal washing in various gynecological malignancies.settings and design : an audit o... | Introduction
Patients and Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
endometrial cancer ( ec ) is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies , occupying the sixth place in malignant tumor throughout the world with an increasing trend .
the initial treatment of ec is comprehensive staging surgery , which consists of total hysterectomy , bilateral salpingo - oophorectomy , pelvic and... | abstractthe aim of this study was to compare the long - term safety and efficacy of laparoscopic surgery and laparotomy for high - risk endometrial cancer ( ec).a retrospective analysis based on our decade of clinical data of patients with high - risk ec who were comprehensively surgically staged by laparotomy or lapa... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
Baseline Characteristics
Operation Outcome
Intraoperative and Postoperative Complication
Clinical Outcome
DISCUSSION |
the patient was a 41-week - gestational - age infant girl with a birth weight of 3300 g. after an uneventful pregnancy , the patient was delivered spontaneously and healthy until this episode . at 35 days of age , the patient was admitted to our hospital with a one - day history of anorexia , vomiting and recurrent dia... | duplications of the alimentary tract are very rare . a one - month - old female presented with symptoms of anorexia , vomiting and continuous watery diarrhea .
the plain abdominal radiograph showed thickened intestinal wall and signs of small bowel obstruction .
the fevers , vomiting , and continuous wartery diarr... | Report of Case
Discussion |
a stroke is defined by the who as rapidly developing clinical signs of a focal ( or global ) disturbance of cerebral function , with symptoms lasting 24 h or longer or leading to death , with no apparent cause other than of vascular origin . taking into consideration the cause , the mechanism and the character of mo... | the following manuscript presents two cases of ischemic stroke secondary to traumatic internal carotid artery thrombosis with concomitant middle cerebral artery thrombosis occurring very rarely in the medico - legal practice . penetrating neck trauma due to an occupational accident and multiple head and neck trauma se... | Introduction
Case 1
Case 2
Discussion
Conclusions |
alzheimer disease ( ad ) is a rapidly expanding health crisis affecting over 26 million people , with the prevalence expected to rise dramatically ( brookmeyer et al . , 2007 ) .
research examining ad biomarkers suggests a rise in underlying pathology a decade or more before the onset of dementia , and continuing throu... | background and purposeelevated levels of amyloid deposition as well as white matter damage are thought to be risk factors for alzheimer disease ( ad ) .
here we examined whether qualitative ratings of white matter damage predicted cognitive impairment beyond measures of amyloid.materials and methodsthe study examine... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Study population
T
Clinical ratings
PiB imaging
Measures of vascular health
Effects of WMH and MCBP on cognition
Results
Demographics
Effects of WMH and MCBP on cognition
Discussion
Conclusions |
dexmedetomidine , the pharmacologically active d - isomer of medetomidine , is a highly selective and specific 2-adrenoceptor agonist .
dexmedetomidine , by its central sympatholytic action , promotes haemodynamic stability when used as an adjuvant during general anaesthesia .
however , because of its sedative property... | background : dexmedetomidine , an 2 agonist , when used as an adjuvant in general anaesthesia attenuates stress response to various noxious stimuli , maintains perioperative haemodynamic stability and provides sedation without significant respiratory depression postoperatively.methods:sixty patients were randomly divi... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
craniosynostosis is a wonderfully descriptive term , meaning " the skull has fused bone " . however , it is also a fairly nonspecific clinical designation , encompassing multiple presentations ranging from isolated single suture involvement to multi - sutural fusions5 ) .
multi - sutural fusion can occur as isolated fu... | craniosynostosis has a varied clinical spectrum , ranging from isolated single suture involvement to multi - sutural fusions .
greater understanding of the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis has led to the development of practical treatment protocols .
three stages of growth have determined the approach to managing ... | INTRODUCTION
CURRENT SURGICAL TREATMENT
The early period, up to 12 months
The intermediate period, from 1 to 10 years
Late period, beginning at age 10 years
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES IN CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS
CONCLUSION |
however studies have failed to establish a cause and effect relationship between barium retention in the appendix and subsequent development of the appendicitis .
it is still not advisable to perform appendectomy in such circumstances without the evidence of an acute episode .
we present one such patient who had featur... | introductionretention of barium in the vermiform appendix for more than 72 h following barium meal study is uncommon
. it may produce undue concern for increased risk for appendicitis and even prophylactic appendectomies have been performed for this.presentation of casewe encountered one such patient who presented ... | Introduction
Presenting concerns
Clinical findings
Timeline
Diagnostic focus and assessment
Therapeutic focus and assessment
Follow-up and outcomes
Discussion
Conclusion
Conflict of interest
Funding
Ethical approval
Author contributions |
the ability of mammals to respond to an inadequate o2 supply , commonly termed hypoxia , is crucial for their survival .
although a proper response to changed o2 tensions triggers adaptation , a number of pathological conditions or failures in the o2 response are associated with various diseases such as anemia , myocar... | hypoxia - inducible factors ( hifs ) , consisting of - and -subunits , are critical regulators of the transcriptional response to hypoxia under both physiological and pathological conditions .
to a large extent , the protein stability and the recruitment of coactivators to the c - terminal transactivation domain of ... | Introduction
HIFs: basic aspects
Oxygen-dependent regulation of HIF -subunits: role of hydroxylation
Regulation of HIF -subunits by phosphorylation
GSK-3 and HIF- regulation
Interconnection among the GSK-3, hypoxia/HIF-, and Wnt/-catenin pathways
Conclusion |
streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide , particularlyin lower income countries .
pneumococcal diseases are the leading source of vaccine preventable deaths , mostly due to community - acquired pneumonia ( cap ) , accounting for approximately 11% of all deaths in ch... | background and objectives : many surface proteins are implicated in nasopharyngeal colonization and pathogenesis of streptococcus pneumoniae .
some of these factors are candidate antigens for protein based vaccines .
new vaccine designs focus on the surface proteins ( e. g. , pspa and pspc ) and also cytolysin , a... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sampling.
Isolation.
DNA extraction.
Detection of virulence genes.
PCR assays.
Sequence analysis.
RESULTS
Sequence analysis.
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
medical costs in the united states have risen rapidly
and substantially , making health care expenditure one of
the most troubling economic and social problems for
the u.s.a .
the local , state and federal governments as
well as citizens are generally aware of the magnitude
and seriousness of the problems of ... | this paper presents several possible applications of the radio - frequency identification
( rfid ) technology for personal health examination and monitoring .
one application involves using
rfid sensors external to the human body , while another one uses both internal and external rfid
sensors .
another appl... | INTRODUCTION
FUNDAMENTALS OF RFID
PERSONAL HEALTH EXAMINATION AND
MONITORING USING RFID TECHNIQUE
CONCLUSION |
carpal tunnel syndrome ( cts ) is the most common entrapment neuropathy1,2,3 , caused by compression and traction of the median nerve at the level
of the carpal tunnel , which is a cylindrical , inelastic cavity , delimitated by the carpal
bones and transverse carpal ligament4 , 5.the compression results in impaire... | [ purpose ] to prospectively assess the effectiveness of neutral wrist nocturnal splinting
in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome ( cts ) by using clinical scores and nerve
conduction studies ( ncs ) .
[ subjects and methods ] forty - one patients enrolled in the study
were clinically evaluated by a symptom s... | INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
the three compounds lincomycin ( a natural antibiotic produced by streptomyces lincolnensis and discovered in 1961 ) , clindamycin , and pirlimycin ( two semi - synthetic derivatives of lincomycin ) comprise a group of clinically important antibiotics known as lincosamides . the structure of lincomycin ( fig .
1a ) ca... | lincosamides are a class of antibiotics used both in clinical and veterinary practice for a wide range of pathogens .
this group of drugs inhibits the activity of the bacterial ribosome by binding to the 23s rna of the large ribosomal subunit and blocking protein synthesis .
currently , three x - ray structures of... | Introduction
Computational details
Results and discussion
Conformational analysis
Natural bond analysis
Atoms in Molecules analysis
NMR chemical shifts
Conclusions |
the increasing prevalence of obesity represents a major public health concern in many countries , and healthy eating can play a predominant role in prevention strategies . in this context , it is important to identify effective nutritional strategies to help individuals achieve or maintain a healthy weight by making be... | nutrition claims may help people to adopt healthier eating habits , but little is known about the potential cognitive effects of such claims on appetite sensations .
the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of nutrition claims and individual factors on perceived appetite sensations . according to a ... | 1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
the prevalence of diabetes in the u.s . has increased ( 1 ) , and cardiovascular ( cv ) complications remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with type 2 diabetes , contributing substantially to increased health care costs ( 2 ) . as individuals attempt to manage their diabetes , there is increasin... | objectiveto evaluate the impact of comorbid depressive symptoms and/or stress on adverse cardiovascular ( cv ) outcomes in individuals with diabetes compared with those without diabetes.research design and methodsinvestigators examined the relationship between baseline depressive symptoms and/or stress in adults with ... | Introduction
Research Design and Methods
Study Design, Cohort Description, and Medication Information
Physical Examination and Laboratory Measures
Diabetes, Depressive Symptoms, and Stress Measures
CV Outcome Measures and Death
Measurement of Potential Confounders
Analysis
Results
Conclusions |
takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by transient left ventricular ( lv ) regional wall motion abnormalities and usually involves apical segments in the absence of significant coronary artery stenosis . in the recent years , several cases on atypical forms of transient lv ballooning syndrome have been reported .
t... | as the use of early coronary angiography and echocardiography become widely available in the setting of acute coronary syndrome , the gradual increase for variant forms of transient left ventricular ( lv ) apical ballooning syndrome have been recognized .
this syndrome usually occurs in women and is frequently elici... | Introduction
Case
Discussion |
the head and neck posture of an individual can influence soft - tissue relationships in the
cervical and shoulder region1 , 2 .
a common concern in the modern workplace is upper extremity
disorders arising from overhead work , which is associated with neck and shoulder disorders
and pain3 .
long - term overhead w... | [ purpose ] this study proposed a new neck support tying ( nst ) method using thera - band for
the prevention of neck and shoulder pain in workers doing overhead work .
the purpose of
this study was to investigate the effect of the new nst method using thera - band on
cervical rom and shoulder pain after ove... | INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
the number of people surviving into old age is increasing , and it is a global phenomenon affecting developing and developed countries .
disability is defined as a restriction in the ability to perform normal activities of daily living , and it helps to quantify the impact of disease or injury .
disability is particula... |
background .
the number of people surviving into old age is increasing , and it has now become a global phenomenon .
studies on the prevalence and correlates of physical disability and functional limitation among elderly nigerians are scanty . methodology .
this is a community - based cross - sectional study c... | 1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
breast cancer is a leading cause of death and disability among women , especially young women , in low- and middle - income countries . though incidence and overall mortality rates continue to be lower than in most high - income countries , case fatality rates from breast cancer are very high .
these high case fatality... | breast cancer survival in the usa has continually improved over the last six decades and has largely been accredited to the use of mammography , advanced surgical procedures , and adjuvant therapies .
data indicate , however , that there were substantial improvements in survival in the usa even prior to these techno... | 1. Introduction
2. Breast Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
3. Opportunities to Improve Breast Cancer Outcomes for Women in Developing Countries
4. Explaining Improved Breast Cancer Survival Rates in the USA Prior to 1975
5. Next Steps to Improve Breast Cancer Survival in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
6. Co... |
radiculopathy and myelopathy from degenerative , inflammatory , and traumatic processes have been successfully treated with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion ( acdf ) . despite clinical success with fusion treatment , there are concerns regarding the long - term effects of fusion on the cervical spine .
. repor... | backgroundthe ideal surgical approach for cervical disk disease remains controversial , especially for multilevel cervical disease .
the purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanics of the cervical spine after 3-level hybrid surgery compared with 3-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion ( acdf).m... | Background
Material and Methods
Specimen preparation
Biomechanical tests protocol
Reconstruction procedures
Data and statistical analysis
Results
Motion changes at the three instrumented levels
More normal motion with ACDR within construct
Motion changes at adjacent levels
Discussion
Conclusions |
cutaneous leishmaniasis ( cl ) is endemic in more than 70 countries in the world ( 1 ) .
the available drugs for leishmaniasis treatment are expensive and toxic , cause to severe side effects and there is an increasing incidence of drug resistance ( 2 , 3 ) .
therefore there is a need for an effective vaccine to contro... | backgroundnaltrexone , an opioid receptor antagonist shifts the immune response toward a th1 profile . in the current study , we evaluated the efficacy of the mixture of ntx and alum , as a new adjuvant , to enhance immune response and induce protection against leishmania major in a mouse model.methodsbalb/c mice were... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Parasites and sample preparation
Immunization of BALB/c mice
Lymphocyte proliferation test
Cytokines analysis
Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) assessment
Challenge with live promastigotes of L. major
Statistical analysis
Results
Lymphocyte proliferation
In vitro cytokine production... |
psoroptid mites of the genus caparinia affect hedgehogs and a few other mammals causing skin disease .
the mite passes all stages on the host and feeds on sloughed skin cells and epidermal debris , similar to chorioptes species . among 5 species of the genus caparinia
that have previously been classified , 2 species ar... | in february 2010 , dermatitis characterized by scale and self - trauma due to puritis was recognized in a group of 22 four - toed hedgehogs ( atelerix albiventris wagner , 1841 ) from a local pet shop in gwangju , korea .
microscopic examinations of skin scraping samples showed numerous mites of all developmental st... | INTRODUCTION
CASE DESCRIPTION
DISCUSSION
Identification keys for the family Psoroptidae and the genus
Key to the genera of the Family Psoroptidae
Key to the species of
Key to the species of |
under innate immune conditions , the inflammatory responses mediated by macrophages , mast cells , and neutrophils comprise an important barrier against infectious pathogens , such as viruses , fungi , and bacteria , as well as chemical toxins [ 1 , 2 ] . among the cellular components of innate immunity
, macrophages a... | the cordyceps species has been a good source of compounds with anticancer and anti - inflammatory activities .
recently , we reported a novel compound ( 4-isopropyl-2,6-bis(1-phenylethyl)phenol , kth-13 ) with anticancer activity isolated from cordyceps bassiana and created several derivatives to increase its pharma... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion |
a 52-year - old female patient visited the hospital complaining of pain in both breasts .
the pain started immediately after breast reduction surgery she underwent 3 years previously at a private plastic surgery hospital , and it had continued despite a subsequent surgery .
the pattern of the pain included burning , sh... | breast surgery is a common procedure performed in women .
many women who undergo breast surgery suffer from ill - defined pain syndromes .
a nerve block is used in the treatment of the acute and chronic pain , but the effectiveness of the treatment has been limited because of its short duration .
recently , the ... | Case Report
Discussion |
hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection is a leading cause of end - stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma [ 1 , 2 ] .
hcv - related liver disease is the most common indication for orthotopic liver transplantation in the usa and northern europe and for living donor liver transplantation ( ldlt ) in japan [ 3 , 4 ... | direct - acting antivirals ( daas ) are relatively safe and highly effective for the eradication of hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) in liver transplant recipients . in this case study
, we present a female with a graft reinfected with hcv genotype 2 who was treated with a combination of sofosbuvir and ribavirin after livi... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Statement of Ethics
Disclosure Statement |
spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ( sohss ) is now a recognized entity , defined as ohss appearing in patients with no history of stimulatory infertility treatment .
ohss , which otherwise may occur in normal pregnancies ( type i ohss ) , is now reported to be associated with mutated fsh receptor ( fshr ) g... | the objective is to study the fsh receptor ( fshr ) for mutations in a case of spontaneous ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ( sohss ) .
this is a single case study and it examined patient who presented with spontaneous critical ohss in early pregnancy and had successful good obstetric outcome .
intervention of th... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
a 63-year - old man with diabetes and end - stage kidney failure had been receiving maintenance hemodialysis in the outpatient clinic at odense university hospital in odense , denmark , since 1997 .
a femoral femoral bridge graft was used for vascular access . in november 2013 , he was admitted to the hospital because... | we describe 2 fatal cases of methicillin - resistant staphylococcus aureus ( mrsa ) clonal complex 398 septicemia in persons who had no contact with livestock .
whole - genome sequencing of the isolated mrsa strains strongly suggest that both were of animal origin and that the patients had been infected through 2 in... | The Study
Transmission Chain 1
Patient 1
Patient 2
Transmission Chain 2
Patient 3
Patient 4
Conclusions |
celiac disease ( cd ) is an immune - based enteropathy triggered by dietary wheat gluten and similar proteins in barley and rye in genetically susceptible individuals .
recently , the espghn ( european society of paediatric gastroenterology , hepatology and nutrition ) proposed that cd may be defined as an immune - med... | celiac disease ( cd ) is an immune - mediated enteropathy , triggered by dietary wheat gluten and similar proteins of barley and rye in genetically susceptible individuals .
this is a complex disorder involving both environmental and immune - genetic factors .
the major genetic risk factor for cd is determined by ... | 1. Introduction
2. Pathogenesis and Pathogenic Model of Celiac Disease
3. Immunopathogenesis
4. Association between Microbiota and Dietary Factors in Development of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
5. Dietary and Microbiota Changes and Immunomodulatory Approaches in Celiac Disease: Translational Applications
6. Conclusion |
the demand for food of animal origin increases each year . to satisfy this demand , livestock production within the european union ( eu ) in 2011 was approximately 10 million heads of goats , 80 million heads of sheep , 80 million heads of cattle , and 150 million heads of pigs . to produce safe and nutritional food pr... | the commission regulation 574/2011/ec set up maximum levels of coccidiostats and histomonostats in nonmedicated feed as a consequence of carry - over during manufacturing .
carry - over takes place from medicated to nonmedicated feed during feed production .
similar contamination could also occur for other pharmac... | 1. Introduction
2. Experimental
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusion |
de ridder , vanneste , and focquaert address concerns relating to the definition of a ced and the distinction between treatment and enhancement .
they raise a number of problems with the treatment - enhancement distinction and suggest that we need to ask whether we are prepared to change the definition of health used ... | our ( 2014 ) model for the regulation of cognitive enhancement devices ( ceds ) received a great deal of interest from those involved in european device regulation and from academic commentators .
further , since the publication of our recommendations , the number of manufacturers of brain stimulation devices for no... | THEORETICAL ISSUES
PRACTICALITIES AND STRUCTURE OF THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
WIDER SOCIETAL CONSIDERATIONS
THE CURRENT EUROPEAN REGULATORY CONTEXT
CONCLUSION |
oral squamous cell carcinoma ( oscc ) is one of the most aggressive malignancies worldwide and accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers .
it is ranked as the sixth leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in india .
the most common sites of oscc are the lateral ... | oral squamous cell carcinoma ( oscc ) is the most common epithelial malignant neoplasm affecting the oral cavity ; early detection is an important criterion for achieving high cure rate .
occasionally , it may be misdiagnosed because of its variable and innocuous clinical appearance .
carcinomas of the gingiva are... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
a significant number of these admissions are attributable to a small number of complex patients with other comorbidities who do not engage well with mainstream services .
assertive outreach teams have been used in the field of psychiatry to engage patients who are poorly compliant .
this study examines whether an alcoh... | objectivealcohol - related admissions are increasing .
a significant number of these admissions are attributable to a small number of complex patients with other comorbidities who do not engage well with mainstream services .
assertive outreach teams have been used in the field of psychiatry to engage patients who... | Objective
Design
Results
Conclusions
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion |
according to the world oral health report , dental caries remains a major public health problem in most countries , affecting 6090% of school going children and a vast majority of adults , and this may be due to the changing lifestyles , dietary habits , increased sugar consumption and inadequate exposure to fluorides ... | aim : to evaluate the remineralizing potential of child formula dentifrices on primary teeth using an in vitro 7 days ph cycling model.materials and methods : twenty - one primary teeth were placed in demineralizing solution for 96 h to produce artificial carious lesions ; then cut longitudinally into 100150 m thick s... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Dentifrices used
De/and remineralizing solutions
Dentifrice supernatants
Lesion formation
pH-cycling model
Evaluation techniques
Polarizing light microscopy measurements
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
bacterial infections
as well as the emergence and spread of antibiotic
resistance in human pathogens are serious public health problems in
hospital and community settings across the globe .
new strategies to prevent and treat bacterial infections
are needed , including methods to overcome antibacterial resistan... | the design , synthesis , and characterization
of enterobactin
antibiotic
conjugates , hereafter ent - amp / amx , where the -lactam antibiotics
ampicillin ( amp ) and amoxicillin ( amx ) are linked to a monofunctionalized
enterobactin scaffold via a stable poly(ethylene glycol ) linker are
reported . unde... | Introduction
Experimental Section
Results and Discussion
Summary and Perspectives |
retinal changes associated with the development of age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) have become even more important than once described .
even prompt therapy of the wet form of amd with antivascular , endothelial , growth factor drugs has been shown to ameliorate vision loss .
if diagnosis is established earl... |
aim . to evaluate the long - term effect of rheohemapheresis ( rhf ) treatment of age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) on photoreceptor is / os junction status
. methods . in our study
, we followed 24 patients with dry amd and drusenoid retinal pigment epithelium detachment ( dped ) for a period of more t... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods and Subjects of the Study
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
congenital myasthenic syndromes ( cmss ) are a group of rare genetic disorders affecting neuromuscular junction transmission .
the subtype of cms depends on whether the defect is presynaptic , synaptic , or postsynaptic . in the past 33 years , at least 23 genes encoding proteins of the neuromuscular junction have been... | background : congenital myasthenic syndromes are a group of rare disorders that are clinically and genetically heterogeneous and caused by mutations in the genes encoding proteins of the neuromuscular junction . here
, we described a chinese family that presented with phenotypes of classic slow - channel congenital ... | I
M
Patients
Mutational analysis
R
Clinical findings
Electrophysiological examination
Genetic studies
D
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
we identified isolates for sequencing from 29 invasive gas cases diagnosed in patients in a northern arizona hospital during january
july 2015 and randomly selected an additional 99 gas isolates from a repository of > 2,000 arizona gas isolates collected during 20022006 ( no isolates from patients in arizona were avai... | the hyper - virulent emm59 genotype of invasive group a streptococcus was identified in northern arizona in 2015 .
eighteen isolates belonging to a genomic cluster grouped most closely with recently identified isolates in new mexico .
the continued transmission of emm59 in the southwestern united states poses a pu... | The Study
Conclusions
None |
juxtafacet cysts ( jfcs ) are uncommon intraspinal , extradural lesions that arise from the facet joints .
jfcs can be further distinguished as either synovial cysts , if histology confirms the presence of a synovial lining membrane , or alternatively as a ganglion cyst , if no such membrane is present .
however , few ... |
study design case report .
objective to report the case of one patient who developed a giant , completely calcified , juxtafacet cyst .
methods a 57-year - old woman presented with a 2-year history of progressively worsening lower back pain , left leg pain , weakness , and paresthesias .
imaging showed a ... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion |
the name of mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue ( malt ) lymphoma was first established in 1983 by isaacson and du . from the beginning , it was adopted well and is still used in an unchanged form .
marginal zone lymphoma of malt is , apart from diffuse large b - cell lymphoma , the most frequent type of lymphoma that ... | nowadays , it is believed that the main role in the development of gastric mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue ( malt ) lymphoma plays helicobacter pylori infection .
this world - wide distributed bacteria is in charge of most cases of not only upper gastrointestinal tract disorders but also some of extragastric pro... | 1. Introduction
2. Epidemiology
3. Pathogenesis
4. Symptoms and Diagnosis
5. Staging and Risk Factors
6. Treatment
7. Followup
8. Conclusions |
hardware removal is indicated for infection , nonunion , failure of fixation , pain , soft tissue irritation , and anticipated strenuous activity after fracture healing [ 14 ] . during removal cases
subsequent removal of broken hardware increases surgical time , and retained metalwork potentially complicates future sur... | a retrospective review of 21 patients that underwent bone screw removal from the elbow was studied in relation to the type of metal , duration of implantation , and the location of the screws about the elbow .
screw failure during extraction was the dependent variable .
five of 21 patients experienced hardware fai... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
gossypiboma ( retained surgical sponge ) describes a mass of cotton or sponge that is left behind in the body cavity during a surgical operation .
these foreign bodies can often mimic tumors or abscesses when detected clinically or with radiation .
in fact , surgical sponges without opaque markers are the leading cause... | gossypiboma is a term used to describe a foreign mass within the body that is composed of a cotton matrix .
gossypiboma can cause infection or abscess formation from an early stage , or it can remain clinically silent for many years .
gossypiboma can be diagnosed using several methods including abdominal x - ray f... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
a 55-year - old woman visited the emergency clinic of hanyang university seoul hospital with chest pain that had persisted for one month and had become aggravated two days earlier .
ten years before this admission , the patient had undergone double valve replacement with aortic and mitral mechanical valves due to aorti... | we present a case of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm , which is a very rare and fatal complication of cardiac procedures such as mitral valve replacement .
a 55-year - old woman presented to the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery at hanyang university seoul hospital with chest pain .
ten years prior... | CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
data on the adult ( over 20 years ) population has been reported elsewhere ( 5 ) . the present analysis focused on albertan youth < 20 years of age .
flagged in the databases and were defined as any alberta inhabitant registered under the federal indian act and entitled to treaty status with the canadian government .
t... | objectivesto track and compare trends in diabetes rates from 1995 to 2007 for status aboriginal and general population youth.study designlongitudinal observational research study ( quantitative ) using provincial administrative data.methodsde-identified data was obtained from alberta health and wellness administrative... | Methods
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conflict of interest and funding |
a case control study was performed using the dutch pharmo record linkage system ( rls ) database ( www.pharmo.nl ) .
the database contains pharmacy dispensing data ( including dispensed drug , type of prescriber , dispensing date , amount dispensed , and written dosage instructions ) of about 1 million dutch residents... | the majority of knee arthroplasties ( kas ) are performed in patients with osteoarthritis ( oa ) .
although bone mass may be increased in these patients , subjects with knee oa may have an increased risk of hip fracture , possibly due to an increased severity of falls .
however , in patients with kas , risk of hip... | Methods
Settings and Study Design
Cases and Control Subjects
KA Definition
Statistical Analysis
Results
Discussion |
digital radiograph or radiovisiography was first described in 1987 and was commercially introduced by trophy radiologie in collaboration with mouyen12 in 1993 .
three systems are employed for radiovisiography : the ccd sensor ( charge - coupled device ) , cmos sensor ( complementary metallic oxide sensor ) , and psps (... | this ex vivo study evaluated the quality of digital radiographic images obtained with the photostimulable phosphor plate system ( digora ) according to the processing delay and maintenance of optical plates in either opaque ( supplied with the system ) or transparent protective plastic cases during this period .
fiv... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIAL AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
complication following fracture of a central venous catheter can be catastrophic to both the patient and the attending doctor .
catheter fracture has been attributed to several factors namely prolong mechanical force acting on the catheter , and forceful removal or insertion of the catheter .
the tip of the catheter wa... | backgroundcomplication following fracture of a central venous catheter can be catastrophic to both the patient and the attending doctor .
catheter fracture has been attributed to several factors namely prolong mechanical force acting on the catheter , and forceful removal or insertion of the catheter.case detailsin ... | Background
Case Details
Conclusion
Introduction
Case Report
Discussion |
in 1959 ernst mayr ( figure 1 ) flung down the gauntlet at the feet of the three great population geneticists ra fisher , sewall wright and jbs haldane ( figure 2 ) : " but what , precisely , " he said , " has been the contribution of this mathematical school to the evolutionary theory , if i may be permitted to ask ... | in 1959 ernst mayr challenged the relevance of mathematical models to evolutionary studies and was answered by jbs haldane in a witty and convincing essay .
fifty years on , i conclude that the importance of mathematics has in fact increased and will continue to do so . | None
Neutral theory, molecular clocks and selective sweep
Mathematics and the computation of family relationships
Coalescence and speciation
Looking to the future
Envoi
Acknowledgements |
testosterone is essential for the normal growth and development of the prostate gland and is also a possible risk factor for prostate cancer .
huggins and hodges 's seminal work in the 1940s first demonstrated the hormone dependence of prostate cancer , consequently establishing testosterone as a key therapeutic target... | purposetestosterone is essential for the prostate gland 's normal growth and development and is also a possible risk factor for prostate cancer .
this study 's aim was to determine the significance of serum testosterone for prostate - specific antigen ( psa ) elevation and prostate cancer prediction in high - risk m... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
amniotic band syndrome has many synonyms such as , congenital constriction rings , amniotic bands , limb body wall complex , adam complex
this syndrome comprises a variety of anatomical abnormalities among newborns , and is associated with intrauterine struggling by the fetus in the uterus , thereby leading to deform... | amniotic band syndrome is characterized by a build - up of bands and strings of fibrous tissue that adhere to the fetus and can compress parts of the fetus , thus causing malformations and even limb amputation while the fetus is still in the uterus .
the clinical manifestations are extremely variable and their exten... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
mobile health , which is the use of mobile communication and computing technologies for medicine and public health , is rapidly expanding.1,2 a personal health record ( phr ) is defined as a health record created using mobile computing technologies in which health information and personal health data are maintained by ... | objectivesrecently , there has been increasing interest in preventing and managing diseases both inside and outside medical institutions , and these concerns have supported the development of the individual personal health record ( phr ) .
thus , the current study created a mobile platform called mind mirror to ev... | Introduction
Methods
Participants
Study design and procedures
Development of software for Mind Mirror
Measurements of emotional and physical states using PHRs
Measurement of emotional states
Measurement of physical states
Data processing and analysis
Mixed linear model (MLM)
Results
Correlations between emotional and p... |
rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is a chronic , progressive , inflammatory autoimmune disease in which the body 's immune system mistakenly attacks the joint .
the disease produces an inflammatory infiltrate of immune cells as well as a series of destructive events such as synovial hyperplasia , pannus setting , bone and ca... |
aims . in the present study , we aimed to assess the concentrations of il-13 and il-17 in serum of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis ( era ) , the investigation of correlation between the concentrations of these cytokines and disease activity score , and the concentration of some autoantibodies and the evalua... | 1. Background and Aims
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussions
5. Conclusions |
atherosclerosis is the leading cause of peripheral artery disease ( pad ) and coronary artery disease ( cad ) .
some previous studies have reported that pad is a coronary heart disease risk equivalent.1)2 ) another study , however , reported that risk factors for pad are different to those for cad.3 ) risk factors for ... | background and objectivesthe objective of this study was to analyze and compare risk factors for peripheral artery disease ( pad ) and coronary artery disease ( cad).subjects and methodsthe sample included 7936 korean patients aged 20 years who were hospitalized from 1994 to 2004 .
of the 7936 subjects , pad ( n=415... | Introduction
Subjects and Methods
Study population and design
Diagnostic criteria
Cardiovascular risk factors
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusions
- Supplement - |
neurological soft signs ( nss ) have long been considered one of the functional features ( tsuang and faraone , 1999 ; tsuang et al . , 1991 ) and endophenotypes ( chan and gottesman , 2008 ; chan et al . , 2010a ) of schizophrenia spectrum disorders .
however , most of the studies of nss have been limited to the use o... | neurological soft signs have been considered one of the promising neurological endophenotypes for schizophrenia . however ,
most previous studies have employed clinical rating data only . the present study aimed to examine the neurobiological basis of one of the typical motor coordination signs , the fist edge
p... | Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion |
these studies were approved by institutional review boards at the national institutes of health ( nih ) and washington university . a 28-year - old woman with job syndrome
pathologic examination of a bronchoalveolar lavage ( bal ) sample showed scattered cells , primarily columnar bronchial cells , with cytomorphologic... | we detected wu polyomavirus ( wupyv ) in a bronchoalveolar lavage sample from lungs transplanted into a recipient with job syndrome by using immunoassays specific for the wupyv viral protein 1 .
co - staining for an epithelial cell marker identified most wupyv viral protein 1positive cells as respiratory epithelial ... | The Study
Conclusions |
toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that infects a variety of mammals and birds , causing toxoplasmosis .
t. gondii is an important foodborne parasite that is primarily transmitted from animals to humans through the consumption of infected meat . in some countries ,
pork is the most common meat cons... | the study of antigenic epitopes from toxoplasma gondii has not only enhanced our understanding of the structure and function of antigens , the reactions between antigens and antibodies , and many other aspects of immunology , but it also plays a significant role in the development of new diagnostic reagents and vaccin... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Serum samples
Amplification, cloning, and sequencing of the GRA6 gene
Prediction of the epitopes
ELISA analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
while the recent strategies of lung - protective ventilation and proper fluid restriction therapy have reduced mortality in patients with acute lung injury ( ali ) and acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) , the mortality rate remains high .
although many pharmacological therapies have been attempted to treat al... | umbilical cord blood ( ucb)-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( mscs ) have been introduced as a possible therapy in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) .
this case history is reported of a 59-yr - old man who was treated with mscs in the course of ards and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis .... | INTRODUCTION
CASE DESCRIPTION
DISCUSSION |
in 1982 chang and der , two postdoctoral fellows working in geoffrey cooper 's laboratory , discovered kristen rat sarcoma virus and murine sarcoma virus ; retroviral oncogenes related to rodent sarcoma virus genes . the human kras gene is a homolog of these two oncogenes
. a normal form of human c - ras has been calle... | the kras gene ( ki - ras2 kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog ) is an oncogene that encodes a small gtpase transductor protein called kras .
kras is involved in the regulation of cell division as a result of its ability to relay external signals to the cell nucleus . activating mutations in the kras gene
im... | 1. Introduction
2. KRAS Protein
3. The
4. KRAS in Oncogenesis
5. KRAS and Cancer Therapy
6. Conclusions |
hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) is a major public health problem all over the world ; it is currently estimated that about 85% of those infected with hepatitis c virus will become a chronic carrier and may develop severe end stage liver diseases including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma . currently , the most importan... | objectives : hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection is a major public health problem worldwide with serious complications . according to the importance of intravenous drug use ( idu ) as the main risk factor for hcv infection and transmission and prison as the main source of risky behaviors , this study conducted to defi... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
mucocele of the appendix ( collection of mucus within the appendiceal lumen ) is a rare lesion , found in only 0.2% to 0.3% of 43,000 appendectomies reviewed .
currently , the assessment of pelvic masses relies heavily on usg as the primary diagnostic tool .
in such cases , clinical findings and other investigative mod... | mucocele of the appendix is an aseptic dilatation secondary to obstruction .
the preoperative clinical diagnosis of appendiceal mucoceles can therefore be difficult because of this lack of clinical symptomotology .
surgical excision is the treatment of choice in benign mucocele .
we report a case presenting to t... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
village indigenous birds are constantly exposed to immunosuppressive conditions such as aflatoxicosis and infectious bursal disease virus .
in addition , management and ecological factors such as confinement , climatic and seasonal fluctuations , poor feeding , and worm infestations have been associated with stress and... | this study was carried out to verify the possibility that ducks are sources of newcastle disease ( nd ) virus infection for chickens in mixed flocks .
immunosuppressed ( is ) and non immunosuppressed ( nis ) birds , at three different antibody levels ( medium , low and absent ) were used ; the titres having been ind... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
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