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ischemic stroke ( is ) and myocardial infarction ( mi ) are
atherosclerosis - associated complications that are the leading
causes of mortality and disability all over the world .
is and mi share common features , but at the same time there are
differences in many risk factors , at least quantitative , if n... | chemokine - driven migration of inflammatory cells has been
implicated in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis - associated
conditions such as ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction . in
this study
, a candidate chemokine , monocyte chemoattractant
protein ( mcp)-1 , was investigated in patients with both
af... | INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Study population
Determination of MCP-1 protein
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
patients with cervical radiculopathy due to single - level degenerative disc disease who fail to improve with nonoperative therapy are candidates for anterior decompression and reconstruction with either an arthrodesis or arthroplasty .
both procedures require minimal hospitalization and are highly effective in relievi... | study design : comparative effectiveness review.study rationale : the ability of a patient to return to work and the speed with which this occurs are important outcome metrics for the assessment of patients undergoing spinal surgery.clinical questions : in patients with degenerative disease of the cervical spine , d... | Study Rationale and Context
Clinical Questions
Methods
Results
Clinical Guidelines
Discussion
Evidence Summary |
the prevalence of child obesity is increasing rapidly worldwide . based on the data of the world health organization ( who ) , over 30% of the people in the middle east are overweight .
a review of some studies from iran reveals that the prevalence of obesity among iranian children has been doubled between 1993 and 1... | background and aims
childhood obesity has been associated with high refined sugar intake .
the relationship between sucrose intake and development of dental caries has been established .
the aim of this study was to determine the association between age - specific body mass index ( bmi - for - age ) and dental c... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
gene expression is well regulated by the epigenetic modification of dna and histone tails independent of their primary sequences .
in particular , cytosine methylation , in which the c5 position of the cytosine base is methylated enzymatically , plays a crucial role in the regulation of chromatin stability , gene regul... | the development of a reaction for detecting the presence / absence of one methyl group in a long dna strand is a chemically and biologically challenging research subject .
a newly designed chemical assay on a chip for the typing of dna methylation has been developed .
a methylation - detection probe fixed at the b... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions |
infertility has been recognized as a public health issue worldwide ( 1 ) leading to an increasing need to the use of assisted reproductive technologies ( art ) , including in vitro fertilization ( ivf ) .
after the first reported case of ivf in 1978(2 ) art enabled millions of people to have their own children in cases... | human reproduction is a relatively inefficient process and therefore the number of infertile couples is high .
assisted reproductive technologies ( art ) have facilitated the birth of over five million children worldwide .
art , however , superimposes its own relative inefficiency on the preexisting inefficiency o... | INTRODUCTION
THE MORPHOLOGICAL APPROACH
THE BIOCHEMICAL APPROACH |
inflammation is a crucial physiological response for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis , protecting the host against invading microorganisms , foreign substances , or host self - disturbers , such as the molecules derived from damaged cells .
after the host has been incited , important microcirculatory events occur... | neutrophils ( also named polymorphonuclear leukocytes or pmn ) are essential components of the immune system , rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation , providing the first line of defense against invading pathogens .
since neutrophils can also cause tissue damage , their fine - tuned regulation at the inflammato... | 1. Introduction
2. Annexin A1: General Aspects
3. Anti-Inflammatory and Proresolving Actions of AnxA1
4. Concluding Remarks |
in this issue of critical care , lesur and colleagues report the differential profile of stress response in septic and non - septic patients .
adrenocorticotropic hormone ( acth ) and acth / cortisol ratio were lower whereas baseline cortisol , procalcitonin ( pct ) , and stromal cellderived factor-1-alpha ( sdf-1 ) ... | the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal ( hpa ) axis response in sepsis remains to be elucidated .
apart from corticotropin - releasing hormone , adrenocorticotropic hormone , and cortisol , many other neuroendocrine factors participate in the regulation of hpa stress response .
the hpa response to acute and chroni... | None
Abbreviations
Competing interests |
resections for pancreatic adenocarcinoma which whipple et al . initiated after earlier attempts by codivilla and kausch have now been carried out for 80 years .
some authors claim a survival percentage of up to 22% and are widely quoted and extol the benefits and success of resections while others doubt that an... |
objective .
the incidence of pancreatic cancer is estimated to be 48,960 in 2015 in the us and projected to become the second and third leading causes of cancer - related deaths by 2030 .
the mean costs in 2015 may be assumed to be $ 79,800 per patient and for each resection $ 164,100 .
attempt is made to eval... | 1. Introduction
2. Incidence, Economics
3. Methods and Evaluation of Results
4. Reservation, Nonresected Survivors
5. Survival Calculations
6. Repetitions
7. Mortality, Positive Margins, and Nodes
8. Discussion and Conclusion |
many studies have reported that patients with renal cell carcinoma ( rcc ) may have underlying risk factors for chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) [ 1 - 4 ] .
barlow et al . suggested that patients undergoing renal surgery have a high rate of new - onset renal insufficiency .
understanding the possibility of renal functi... | purposewe assessed the predictive factors for renal insufficiency in patients followed for more than 5 years after radical nephrectomy.materials and methodsage , gender , history of diabetes , history of hypertension , body mass index , preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) , serum uric acid , uri... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
1. Patients
2. Imaging procedures
3. Statistical analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
antidepressants represent the sixth leading substance category causing intoxication in the usa , with tricyclic antidepressants ( tcas ) being the most important category in that group .
tca intoxications led to 69 fatalities in 2012 . with 6305 exposures in 2012 , amitriptyline was the single most important tca involv... | antidepressants , especially amitriptyline , are among the most frequent drug classes involved in intoxications . despite its small molecular weight ,
amitriptyline is not considered to be eliminated by extracorporeal treatment methods due to its high protein binding and large volume of distribution .
new high cut... | Background
Case 1
Case 2
Discussion
Supplementary data
Conflicts of interest statement
Supplementary Material |
mucinous carcinoma ( mc ) of the breast is not a common disease and the incidence of mc was reported to range from 1% to 6% of all primary breast cancers ( 1 - 4 ) .
mc of the breast was characterized by a large amount of mucin production and in general , defined as having a mucinous component of 50% or more ( 5 , 6 ) ... | clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors of mucinous carcinoma ( mc ) were compared with invasive ductal carcinoma - not otherwise specified ( idc - nos ) .
clinicopathological characteristics and survivals of 104 mc patients were retrospectively reviewed and compared with those of 3,936 idc - nos ... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
although the neurotoxic action of lead is known for centuries , it has not yet been adequately elucidated which effects would be useful early indicators of a clinically latent lead intoxication .
lead , as a trace element , is not necessary for the organism , and is known to be toxic in almost all organ systems .
lead ... | the situation of exposure in a copper works facility in germany enabled early lead - induced neurotoxic effects to be investigated in the workers .
the aim of the investigation was to study the long - term effects of small doses of lead on psychometric / psychophysiological performance of workers .
the study invol... | 1. Introduction
2. Subjects and Methods
3. Statistical Analysis
4. Results
5. Discussion |
developments in healthcare are immense . the possibilities to treat patients with severe illnesses are growing as
is the body of medical knowledge , pharmaceutical treatments and advanced technologies . the size and complexity of healthcare
the 19th century hospitals knew only two different health care professions : me... | the current developments in healthcare are unprecedented .
the organization of health care is complex .
collaboration is essential to meet all the healthcare needs of patients and to achieve coordinated and unambiguous information .
multiprofessional education ( mpe ) or multidisciplinary training ( mdt ) seems ... | Background
Multiprofessional education (MPE) and Multidisciplinary training (MDT)
Bottlenecks in collaboration
Bottlenecks in Multiprofesisonal education (MPE) and Multidisciplinary training (MDT)
Conclusion and recommendations
The authors |
biological evolution is a complex process allowing species and organisms to try to resist the second law of thermodynamics . over time , this has led to the evolution of increasingly sophisticated brains allowing organisms to adapt and survive longer by learning from experience and predicting future events . yet
, this... | consciousness has been proposed to play a key role in shaping flexible learning and as such is thought to confer an evolutionary advantage .
attention and awareness are the perhaps most important underlying processes , yet their precise relationship is presently unclear .
both of these processes must , however , s... | Introduction
The Paralimbic Network is Effective and Specific in Self-Processing
The Role of the Paralimbic Network in Balancing the Dynamics between Networks
Conscious Experience under the Influence of Dopamine
The Role of the Paralimbic Network in Linking Reward, Emotion, and Self-Awareness
Clinical Consequences of D... |
while advances in free trade and globalization increase the movement and accelerate the accumulation of invasive species ( lockwood et al .
2005 ) , it is still unclear how introduced populations can successfully establish . as elton ( 1958 ) pointed out , for every successful invasion that occurs , there are enormous... | the mechanisms that facilitate success of an invasive species include both ecological and evolutionary processes . investigating the evolutionary dynamics of founder populations can enhance our understanding of patterns of invasiveness and provide insight into management strategies for controlling further establishmen... | Introduction
Model description
The ecological system
The evolutionary subsystem
Results
Discussion |
systemic chemotherapy is the main treatment modality in the management of patients with metastatic disease . after chemotherapy ,
oncologists evaluate tumor response by observing tumor behavior , i.e. growth , reduction or stability in its dimensions [ 2 , 3 ] . nowadays
, tumor response to therapy as determined by ima... | objective : with the introduction of cross - sectional imaging methods the number of lesions per patient that can be evaluated is frequently large and most oncologists and study protocols use only one lesion or a few representative lesions to evaluate chemotherapy response
. intra - patient response variability can... | Introduction
Patients and methods
Results
Discussion
Figures and Tables |
huntington 's disease ( hd ) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the it-15 gene on chromosome 4 , which was subsequently renamed htt .
more specifically , the disease is linked to expansion of the cag repeat tract of this gene , which codes for polyglutamine repeats in the hunting... | huntington 's disease ( hd ) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease best known for chorea .
the disorder includes numerous other clinical features including mood disorder , eye movement abnormalities , cognitive disturbance , pendular knee reflexes , motor impersistence , and postural instability .
we... | Introduction
Case Presentation
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Disclosure Statement |
autoimmune hepatitis ( aih ) is an immune - mediated chronic liver disease characterized by hepatocellular inflammation , necrosis , and fibrosis , which can progress to cirrhosis and fulminant hepatic failure if left untreated .
aih has a female predominance occurring in all ages and races , and both the median and me... | autoimmune hepatitis ( aih ) is an immune - mediated chronic liver disease characterized by hepatocellular inflammation , necrosis , and fibrosis , which can progress to cirrhosis and fulminant hepatic failure .
the standard treatment for aih includes corticosteroids alone or in combination with azathioprine .
alt... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
multiple myeloma ( mm ) is a common disease , accounting for 10% of hematologic malignancies .
pleural effusions occur in up to 6% of patients with mm [ 1 , 2 ] but rarely as a result of primary myelomatous infiltration or pleural involvement [ 2 , 3 , 4 ] .
most pleural effusions in mm are secondary to heart failure f... | myelomatous involvement of pleural effusions developing in patients with multiple myeloma is extremely rare and only a few cases have been reported so far .
it is thought to represent an aggressive clinical progression of disease and is usually associated with severe complications , poor prognosis and high mortality... | Introduction
Case Presentation
Discussion
Statement of Ethics
Disclosure Statement |
cd1 female mice ( 3035 g bw ) were purchased from harlan ( italy ) and kept under standard laboratory conditions ( 22 0.5 c , 5060% relative humidity , 12 h dark light alternation with 1214 air changes / h ) with water and food ( 4rf25 glp top certificate diet purchased from mucedola , milan ,
after 1 week of... | bisphenol a ( bpa ) , a widespread endocrine disrupter mainly used in food contact plastics , may induce adverse effects especially on susceptible lifestages , first of all pregnancy . the present study considered placental development as a potential target of bpa and investigated potential differences in the modes of... | Direct link to deposited data
Experimental Design, materials and methods
Animal treatment
RNA extraction
Microarrays
Data analysis
Discussion |
soft - tissue sarcomas ( stss ) are mesenchymal - origin neoplasms characterized by locally aggressive behavior and a propensity for metastases 1 .
intra - lesional heterogeneity , a well - documented phenomenon in stss 2 - 8 , can lead to imaging characteristics on us , ct , mri , and f - fluorodeoxyglucose ( fdg ) pe... | objective : to assess the diagnostic performance of 18f - fdg pet - ct in differentiating soft tissue sarcomas ( stss ) from benign fluid collections ( bfs).materials and methods : four readers independently reviewed 100 lesions on 18f - fdg pet - ct and subjectively classified each lesion as an sts or bf and scored... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Patient Population
Imaging
Statistical Analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
adult soft - shelled turtles ( 2 males and 4 females ) were purchased from a local supplier
tobun ( kamikita , japan ) .
all procedures were done in accordance with the guideline for care
and use of animal experiments and approved by the animal care and use committee at iwate
university .
the animals were anesthe... | in general , the nasal cavity of turtles is divided into two chambers : the upper chamber ,
lined with the olfactory epithelium containing ciliated olfactory receptor cells , and the
lower chamber , lined with the vomeronasal epithelium containing microvillous receptor
cells . in the nasal cavity of soft - shell... | MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
since the international symptomatic aneurysm trial was published , endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms has become the first treatment option in many centers.17 ) recent advances in endovascular techniques and devices such as stent - assisted coiling , balloon remodeling , neck bridges , waffle cones , and ... | objectivethe objective of this study was to determine the efficiency and safety of y configuration stent - assisted coiling with double - closed stents for wide - necked intracranial aneurysms located at arterial bifurcations thorough analysis of a multicenter case series.materials and methodsa retrospective chart rev... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients and aneurysms
Endovascular procedures
Occlusion grade
Clinical outcomes and angiographic follow-up
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
lower frequency of sleep disturbances during the run - in period and absence of daytime and nighttime reflux symptoms during treatment were associated with a greater likelihood of resolution of reflux - related sleep disturbances in the total population.treatment with esomeprazole 20 mg was a significant predictor of ... | background and objectivesleep disturbances related to reflux symptoms have a significant impact on the daily lives of affected individuals .
these analyses identified clinical factors related to resolution of reflux - related sleep disturbance in subjects treated with esomeprazole 20 mg for 14 days.methodsdata fro... | Key Points
Introduction
Patients and Methods
Subjects
Treatment
Outcome Measures
Statistical Analysis
Results
Subject Characteristics
Predictors of Complete Resolution
Predictors of Complete Relief and Relief of Sleep Disturbance
Discussion
Conclusions
Conflict of interest disclosures
Ethical approval
Informed consent |
periodontitis is an inflammatory disease which is initiated and maintained by the gram - negative bacteria of the subgingival biofilm .
specific pathogen associated molecular patterns ( pamps ) and bacterial virulence factors stimulate an inflammatory host response that finally results in destruction of periodontal tis... |
objectives . periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by connective tissue loss and alveolar bone destruction .
interleukin-8 ( il8 ) is important in the regulation of the immune response .
the aim of this study was to analyze four polymorphisms in the il8 gene in relation to chronic ( cp ) and agg... | 1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
hepatitis b virus ( hbv ) infection and hepatitis c virus ( hcv ) infection are the main causes of end - stage liver disease requiring orthotopic liver transplantation ( olt ) . however , the post - olt course is quite different between the two types of hepatitis .
the post - olt hepatitis b recurrence rate is > 80% wi... | hepatitis b and c often progress to decompensated liver cirrhosis requiring orthotopic liver transplantation ( olt ) .
after olt , hepatitis b recurrence is clinically controlled with a combination of hepatitis b immunoglobulin ( hbig ) and nucleos(t)ide analogues .
another approach is to induce self - producing a... | 1. Introduction
2. Immune Mechanisms in Non-OLT HBV- and HCV-Related Hepatitis
3. Immune Responses in Post-OLT HBV Recurrence Control
4. Adaptive Immune Responses in Post-OLT Hepatitis C Recurrence Control
5. Conclusion |
b lymphocytes produce immunoglobulins consisting of a heavy chain and either a kappa ( igkc ) or a lambda ( iglc ) light chain .
each b lymphocyte decides early by the rearrangement of its immunoglobulin genes which light chain to produce .
the excluded light chain gene is not properly rearranged or remains in germ lin... | in healthy humans , 6070% of the b lymphocytes produce kappa light chains , while the remaining cells produce lambda light chains .
malignant transformation and clonal expansion of b lymphocytes lead to an altered kappa : lambda expression ratio , which is an important diagnostic criteria of lymphomas . here , we ... | 1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions |
gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) is defined as abnormal glucose tolerance that is first identified or diagnosed during pregnancy .
it is estimated that approximately 2% to 5% of all pregnancies in korean women are complicated by gdm .
the clinical significance of gdm is that it increases the risk of adverse pregna... | gestational diabetes mellitus ( gdm ) is a complex metabolic disorder of pregnancy that is suspected to have a strong genetic predisposition .
it is associated with poor perinatal outcome , and both gdm women and their offspring are at increased risk of future development of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) . duri... | Introduction
Heritability of GDM
Pathophysiological Similarities of GDM and T2DM
Association of T2DM Genetic Variants in GDM
GWA Study of GDM
Perspectives in Genetic Studies of GDM
Concluding Remarks |
hospitalization for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( aecopd ) is recognized as a major event in the natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) due to its negative effect on lung function , survival , risk of readmission , and quality of life.16 the prolonged length of... | backgroundearly identification of patients with a prolonged stay due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) may reduce risk of adverse event and treatment costs .
this study aimed to identify predictors of prolonged stay after acute exacerbation of copd based on variables on admissio... | Introduction
Material and methods
Patients
Medical record review and variables
Statistical analysis
Results
Study subjects
Discussion
Conclusion |
the atherosclerosis risk in communities ( aric ) study is a community - based cohort study of 15,792 people aged 4564 years at baseline sampled from four u.s .
communities : forsyth county , north carolina ; suburban minneapolis , minnesota ; washington county , maryland ; and jackson , mississippi ( 13 ) .
the first e... | objectivethis study sought to investigate an association of hba1c ( a1c ) with incident heart failure among individuals without diabetes and compare it to fasting glucose.research design and methodswe studied 11,057 participants of the atherosclerosis risk in communities ( aric ) study without heart failure or diabete... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data collection.
Outcome.
Statistical analyses.
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
early failure of fistulas due to thrombosis or inadequate maturation is a barrier to increasing the prevalence of fistulas . despite the benefits of avfs as a form of vascular access in end stage renal disease ( esrd ) patients , considerable time
is required for the fistula to mature and suitably develop into a functi... | vascular access is used as a lifeline for hemodialysis in patients with end stage renal disease failure ( esrd ) .
failure of arteriovenous fistula ( avf ) maturation is still high .
the purpose of this study was to research the effects of clopidogrel in combination with oral iloprost , a synthetic analog of prost... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
the need for categorization of anomalies and congenital aberrancies formed due to developmental vascular defects produce identifiable birthmarks of the skin and mucosa and a variable degree of underlying soft tissue abnormalities .
presently a surge in the knowledge of criterias to classify these various anomalies has ... | malformations of vascular nature originate as anomalies caused due to errors in vasculogenesis .
these tumors are generally broadly classified into vascular tumors ( hemangiomas ) and vascular malformations ( venous malformations , arteriovenous malformations , lymphatic malformations ) .
these descriptive tumors ... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Conclusions |
the number of cardiovascular implantable electronic device ( cied ) implantation has increased over the past few years .
the conventional access of lead implantation is the subclavian vein , which is often accompanied by high complication rate , including pneumothorax , hemopneumothorax , inadvertent artery puncture , ... | background : the conventional venous access for cardiovascular implantable electronic device ( cied ) is the subclavian vein , which is often accompanied by high complication rate . the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of optimized axillary vein technique.methods:a total of 247 patients undergoi... | Trial Registration:
I
M
Patient enrollment and randomization
Vein puncture technique
Outcome measures
Statistical analysis
R
Clinical characteristics
Efficacy analysis of the procedure
Complications in the perioperative period and follow-ups
D
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
the wilms ' tumor suppressor gene ( wt1 ) , located at chromosome 11p13 , has 10 exons , spans -50 kb , and encodes a zinc - finger - transcription factor presumed to regulate the expression of numerous target genes through dna binding ( 1 ) .
wt1 was initially identified as a gene inactivated in wilms ' tumor , althou... | here we report two cases of isolated diffuse mesangial sclerosis ( idms ) with early onset end - stage renal failure .
these female patients did not show abnormalities of the gonads or external genitalia .
direct sequencing of wt1 pcr products from genomic dna identified wt1 mutations in exons 8 ( 366 arg > his ) ... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
Case 1
Case 2
DISCUSSION |
local anesthesia and pain control is one of the most important elements of dentistry , and particularly prosthetic dentistry .
according to the american dental association , fear of pain is the most important factor preventing patients from visiting their dentists .
different kinds of fear related to previous clinical ... | objective : the objective of this study was to compare the pain levels on opposite sides of the maxilla at needle insertion during delivery of local anesthetic solution and tooth preparation for both conventional and anterior middle superior alveolar ( amsa ) technique with the wand computer - controlled local anesthe... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIAL AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
therefore , the mother 's knowledge about child care influences the nature and quality of care that is given to the child .
several studies have revealed that the mothers level of education has a positive impact on her knowledge and how she deals with child health care issues.[213 ] our experience in pediatric practice... | background : child care is mostly the responsibility of mothers .
several studies have revealed that the mothers education has a positive impact on their knowledge and practice in child health matters.objectives:the study was undertaken to assess the level of mothers knowledge on certain aspects of child health care... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
life of the human being is intertwined with many changes and transformation from the clotting of the semen to the death and is divided into different stages according to specific criteria .
, adolescents expand their eligibility bases , and gradually the responsibility of health care would be relegated to them by the p... | background : asthma is the most prevalent disease during childhood , known as the most important reason for children 's disability adolescences truancies , thanks to their hospitalization and as a result intensification of disease symptom.material and methods : the present study is quasi - experimental kind , implemen... | INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Findings
DISCUSSION
Limitation of the Study
CONCLUSION |
data were obtained from the finnish national prescription register and special reimbursement register , maintained by the social insurance institution ( sii ) of finland .
the national prescription register contains records of all reimbursed drug purchases of all finnish residents living in noninstitutionalized setting... | objectivetype 2 diabetes in midlife or late life increases the risk of alzheimer disease ( ad ) , and type 1 diabetes has been associated with a higher risk of detrimental cognitive outcomes , although studies from older adults are lacking .
we investigated whether individuals with ad were more likely to have a hist... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data sources
Identification of cases with AD
Extraction of diabetes diagnoses
Statistical analyses
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS |
opsoclonus - myoclonus - ataxia syndrome ( omas ) , also called kinsbourne syndrome or
dancing eye syndrome , is a serious , rare , and often chronic neurological disorder .
omas consists of three main symptoms : opsoclonus ( conjugate , multidirectional , chaotic eye movements ) , myoclonus ( nonepileptic limb jer... | the opsoclonus - myoclonus ataxia syndrome ( omas ) also called kinsbourne syndrome or
dancing eye syndrome is a rare but serious disorder characterized by opsoclonus , myoclonus , and ataxia , along with extreme irritability and behavioural changes .
data on its epidemiology , clinical features , and outcome ... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
many recent articles highlight the data revolution in healthcare , an offshoot of the vast amount of digital medical information that has now accumulated in electronic medical records ( emrs ) , and present it as an opportunity to create a learning healthcare system. the generally proposed vision is for a population d... | this article is one of ten reviews selected from the annual update in intensive care and emergency medicine 2015 and co - published as a series in critical care .
other articles in the series can be found online at http://ccforum.com/series/annualupdate2015 .
further information about the annual update in intensiv... | Introduction
Data in critical care
Establishing knowledge
The open data movement and medicine
Big data
Conclusion |
the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been remarkably increased during the last two decades and has reached from almost 30 million cases in 1985 to 285 million cases in 2010 ( 1 ) .
the prevalence of diabetes in iran was about 7.7% in 2005 ( 2 ) , and this amount reached 8.7% in 2007 ( 2 ) .
obviously , many... | background : marriage is a legal pact between a man and a woman for participating in a social life together which can play an important role in dealing with difficulties.objectives:this study was carried out to investigate the relationship between marital satisfaction and compatibility with diabetes in patients with t... | 1. Background
2. Objectives
3. Patients and Methods
3.1. Enrich Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire
3.2. Questionnaire of Compatibility With Diabetes
4. Results
5. Discussion |
leukemia is a hematological disorder which is caused by proliferating white blood cell - forming tissues resulting in a marked increase in circulating immature or abnormal white blood cells .
leukemia arises from a hematopoitetic stem cell characterized by a disordered differentiation and proliferation of neoplastic ce... | acute myeloblastic leukemia ( aml ) is a malignant disease of bone marrow . due to its high morbidity rate ,
early diagnosis and appropriate medical therapy is essential . rapidly forming gingival hyperplasia
is usually the first sign of this disease .
this case report describes a 17-year - old female who presen... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
Medical Therapy
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
recently , serratia , pseudomonas / providencia , indole - positive proteus / acinetobacter / morganella , citrobacter , enterobacter and hafnia group of organisms ( spice ) were described to cause peritoneal dialysis ( pd)-related peritonitis with a particularly high morbidity and mortality .
peritonitis caused by cit... | serratia , pseudomonas / providencia , indole - positive proteus / acinetobacter / morganella , citrobacter , enterobacter and hafnia group of organisms cause peritoneal dialysis ( pd)-related peritonitis with high morbidity and mortality .
peritonitis caused by citrobacter freundii is uncommon , and it may lead to ... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion |
notch proteins are evolutionarily conserved cell - surface receptors for transmembrane ligands of the dsl family ( named after the delta and serrate ligands of drosophila ) . signaling by notch regulates a broad range of cell - fate decisions during development and various human diseases , including cancers ,
the extra... | the precise role of the o - fucosyltransferase ofut1 in notch - receptor trafficking has remained controversial .
a recent study sheds new light on the non - catalytic activity of ofut1 and provides further evidence that ofut1 acts as a chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum . | None
The models and the supporting evidence
Towards the end of a controversy
Acknowledgements |
this article traces the growth in the use of swing - bed services by medicare beneficiaries from 1984 through 1987 . in the context of the medicare program ,
swing beds are beds that can be used by small rural hospitals to furnish both acute and post - acute care . to be covered under medicare
, the post - acute servic... | under medicare , swing beds are beds that can be used by small rural hospitals to furnish both acute and post - acute care .
the swing - bed program was instituted under the provisions of the omnibus reconciliation act of 1980 ( public law 96 - 499 ) . under medicare , post - acute care in the hospital would be cove... | Introduction
Summary |
thanks to rapid developments in the fabrication and self - assembly techniques , the electrical transport through nanoscale quantum systems such as a single quantum dot , multiple quantum dots , atoms or molecules coupled to metallic electrodes has been an interesting subject in recent years [ 1 - 6 ] . in the nanoscal... | we investigate quantum interference effects in a double - aharonov - bohm ( ab ) interferometer consisting of five quantum dots sandwiched between two metallic electrodes in the case of symmetric dot - electrode couplings by the use of the green s function equation of motion method .
the analytical expression for th... | None
Model and Methods
Results and Discussion
Without Magnetic Flux
With Magnetic Flux
Summary
Acknowledgments
Open Access |
although liver resections have been associated with high mortality and morbidity rates , recent advances in anesthetic and surgical management have significantly reduced the operative risk .
the techniques of vascular control during hepatectomy are highly demanding and should be performed under special anesthetic consi... |
background . hazards of liver surgery have been attenuated by the evolution in methods of hepatic vascular control and the anesthetic management . in this paper ,
the anesthetic considerations during hepatic vascular occlusion techniques were reviewed .
methods . a medline literature search using the terms anes... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Conclusions |
with the development of enhanced radiation technology and interventional techniques , effective diagnosis and treatment are possible for patients with coronary and other peripheral vascular diseases .
however , therapeutic effects always come with complications , including vascular perforation , dissection , and contra... | backgroundcontrast - induced nephropathy is acute kidney injury caused by contrast medium exposure .
serum creatinine is the clinical diagnostic standard , but it does not yield quick results . the serum level of cystatin c is stable and it can reflect renal function sensitively . the study aimed to assess the usefu... | Background
Material and Methods
Study population
Study design
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Changes in sCr and Cys C
Significance of Serum Cys C and sCr for the Early Diagnosis of CIN
Discussion
Conclusions |
intractable nausea and vomiting are very rare symptoms of medullary compression and there are approximately less than 10 cases reported in the literature of the aforementioned symptomatology mostly due to tumors .
there is one reported case where vertebral artery compression of the medulla led to intractable nausea and... | vertebral artery compressing the medulla and causing intractable vomiting has only been reported once previously .
we report a case of a 69-year - old woman with intractable nausea and vomiting causing a 50 pound weight loss and who failed medical management and whose symptoms were completely reversed following micr... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
the most important goal of health systems is improving quality , effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare services ( 1 ) .
however , scattered health information has a negative effect on healthcare services and would impose more expenses to the healthcare system ( 2 ) .
electronic health record ( ehr ) as a modern me... | abstractelectronic health record ( ehr ) is a repository of patient health information shared among multiple authorized users . as a modern method of storing and processing health information ,
it is a solution for improving quality , safety and efficiency of patient care and health system .
however , establishmen... | Introduction
Open source information systems in healthcare
Health information systems in Iran
Iranian electronic health record
Open sours solution for developing Iranian EHR
Conclusion
Ethical considerations |
laparoscopic surgery has established itself as a durable alternative for both gynecologic and general surgical procedures . with increasing popularity and greater utility , the types and number of reported complications are increasing .
we describe the case of a 70-year - old male undergoing routine laparoscopic cholec... | laparoscopic surgery has become a durable alternative for both gynecologic and general surgical procedures , but reported complications are increasing .
we describe the case of a 70-year - old male undergoing routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstone pancreatitis who developed asystolic cardiac arrest intra... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
fungal infections represent today a serious and notyetsolved health problem even in industrialized countries ( sternberg , 1994 ; edmond et al . , 1999 ; zaoutis et al . , 2005 ; pfaller and diekema et al . , 2007 )
not only hiv infection , but lifeprolonging technologies invasive technologies , therapy prior to or... | summaryfungal infections are a serious health problem . in recent years
, basic research is focusing on the identification of fungal virulence factors as promising targets for the development of novel antifungals .
the wall , as the most external cellular component , plays a crucial role in the interaction with ho... | Introduction
Structure and biogenesis of the fungal cell wall
Recognition of fungi by host cells
Mannans and mannoproteins
Glucans
Other cell wall components
Concluding remarks |
prior to the antivascular endothelial growth factor ( anti - vegf ) era , age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) was considered the leading cause of severe visual loss and blindness in the developed world among people over the age of 50 years .
various imaging methods are available for the diagnosis and classificat... |
purpose . to compare color fundus photography ( fp ) , fluorescein angiography ( fa ) , and spectral domain optical coherence tomography ( sdoct ) for the detection of age - related macular degeneration ( amd ) , choroidal neovascularisation ( cnv ) , and cnv activity
. methods .
fps , fas , and sdoct volume sca... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s40121 - 015 - 0094 - 6 ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorized users .
extended spectrum -lactamases ( esbl ) are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing penicillins , broad - spectrum cephalosporins , and monobactams .
these infections increase cost... | introductionwhile the clinical and laboratory standards institute ( clsi ) recommends against routine screening for extended spectrum -lactamases ( esbls ) , knowledge of these data can provide valuable insights regarding epidemiology and drug therapy decisions .
the purpose of this study was to compare the impact o... | Funding
Electronic supplementary material
Introduction
Methods
Results
Conclusion
Electronic supplementary material
Disclosures
Compliance with ethical guidelines
Open Access |
numerical investigations of cosmological spacetimes can be categorized into two broad classes of calculations , distinguished by their computational goals : ( 1 ) geometrical and mathematical principles of cosmological models , and ( ii ) physical and astrophysical cosmology . in the former ,
the emphasis is on the geo... | in order to account for the observable universe , any comprehensive theory or model of cosmology must draw from many disciplines of physics , including gauge theories of strong and weak interactions , the hydrodynamics and microphysics of baryonic matter , electromagnetic fields , and spacetime curvature , for example... | Introduction
Background
Relativistic Cosmology
Physical Cosmology
Summary
Appendix: Basic Equations and Numerical Methods |
citing statistics from the american cancer society , harold varmus noted that we have made depressingly little progress in combating cancer . while over the past 50 years dramatic strides have been made against cardiovascular and infectious diseases , age - adjusted mortality in patients with cancer has declined only s... | proteins fold into their functional 3-dimensional structures from a linear amino acid sequence . in vitro
this process is spontaneous ; while in vivo it is orchestrated by a specialized set of proteins , called chaperones .
protein folding is an ongoing cellular process , as cellular proteins constantly undergo sy... | Introduction
Protein Folding
Protein Folding
Protein Degradation
Connections to Cancer
Implications for Chemotherapy
Conclusions |
microfluidics is the science and technology that deals with fluids usually in the range of microliters ( 10 ) to picoliters ( 10 ) .
since microfluidics typically deals with fluids in the microliter scale , it has several advantages , including low consumption of samples , short analysis time , and high sensitivity [ 1... | microfluidics is considered an important technology that is suitable for numerous biomedical applications , including cancer diagnosis , metastasis , drug delivery , and tissue engineering .
although microfluidics is still considered to be a new approach in urological research , several pioneering studies have been ... | INTRODUCTION
MICROFLUIDIC PLATFORM FOR UROLOGICAL RESEARCHES
Screening for Prostate and Bladder Cancer
Fast and Reliable Urine Analysis
Sorting Sperm
CONCLUSIONS |
ms is a chronic progressive cns inflammatory disease , in which the autoimmune response against the cns myelin proteins leads to a chronic inflammatory response [ 1 , 2 ] . during the inflammatory response ,
autoreactive t - cells migrate through the otherwise impermeable blood - brain barrier into the cns perivascul... | multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is an inflammatory demyelinating , presumably autoimmune disease of the central nervous system ( cns ) . among the available ms therapies , interferon ( ifn) and the recently introduced statins
have been reported to exert their immunomodulatory effects through the induction of socs1 and s... | 1. Introduction
2. Th17-Cell Differentiation
3. The Role of SOCS1 in the Inflammatory Response
4. SOCS3 Regulates Cytokine Signaling
5. The Role of IFN
6. Simvastatin-Mediated Upregulation of SOCS3
7. Conclusions |
super scan is a well described phenomenon on skeletal scintigraphy which is characterized by high skeletal to soft tissue ratio , uniform symmetrically increased bone uptake , and absent renal visualization .
sye , et al . hypothesized that diseased bone shows increased uptake of radiopharmaceutical leading to reduce... | we report f-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ( fdg ) positron emission tomography ( pet ) super scan akin to super scan of conventional skeletal scintigraphy , in a rare case of primitive neuroectodermal tumor ( pnet ) of the kidney .
a twelve year old male patient of metastatic pnet of the kidney was subjected to a true ... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
granuloma faciale ( gf ) is an uncommon , benign , inflammatory skin disorder of unknown etiology .
it is characterized by single or multiple , grey - brown or violaceous nodules or plaques primarily occurring on the face and occasionally at extra - facial sites .
the disease is notoriously resistant to therapies and o... | granuloma faciale ( gf ) is a chronic condition characterized by red - brown plaques with follicular accentuation present usually on the face .
we present a case of 35-year - old female with 5 year history of plaques over cheek and extra facial sites consistent with gf and its response to topical tacrolimus .
this... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
one of them , adiponectin , also known as acrp30 , adipoq , gbp28 , and apm1 , was discovered by four independent research teams in 1995/1996 , [ 25 ] as the most abundant product of the adipose tissue .
the hormone is a 244-amino acid protein with 30 kda molecular weight that circulates in the serum in different multi... | adiponectin is an adipose - secreted hormone that regulates energy homeostasis and is also involved in the control of the reproductive system .
the goal of the present study was to investigate changes in adiponectin gene and protein expression in porcine ovarian structures during the oestrous cycle and to examine th... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
participation in the afatinib cup was available to patients with advanced nsclc who were ineligible to participate in another actively accruing afatinib trial and who had failed at least one line of platinum - based chemotherapy and progressed following at least 24 weeks on erlotinib or gefitinib .
additional inclusion... | introduction : afatinib is an effective first - line treatment in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor ( egfr)-mutated non small - cell lung cancer ( nsclc ) and has shown activity in patients progressing on egfr - tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( tkis ) .
first - line afatinib is also effective in patients w... | MATERIALS AND METHODS
Afatinib CUP
Pharmacokinetic Analyses
Matched Patients
Statistical Analyses
RESULTS
Efficacy of Afatinib in Pretreated Patients with CNS Metastases
Case Report 1
Case Report 2
DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
throughout the world , especially in developing countries , the incidence of lung cancer is on the rise . in the united states ,
the last decade has seen an increased availability of techniques to aid screening , early diagnosis and targeted treatment of all forms of lung cancer , despite which the incidence continues ... | context : lung cancers are known to metastasize to unusual sites . despite this knowledge often times the diagnosis of a primary lung cancer gets delayed especially when the patient presents without respiratory symptoms.case report : the patient discussed in our review is a 47-year - old female , smoker who had presen... | Introduction
Case Presentation
Discussion
Conclusion
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
most cases of spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis and ureter are associated with ureteral obstruction by calculi .
although uterine cervical cancer is an exceedingly rare cause of renal pelvic or ureteral rupture , several cases have been reported ( singh et al . , 2009 , mcclinton et al . , 1989 , spurlock et al .... | spontaneous rupture of the renal pelvis and ureter is associated with obstruction of the urinary collecting system , but is rarely caused by tumors .
we describe our experience with a patient who had uterine cervical cancer with mild hydroureter in whom spontaneous ureteral rupture occurred during concurrent chemora... | Introduction
Case report
Discussion
Conflict of interest statement |
helicobacter pylori is a gram - negative , spiral and microaerophilic microorganism that was first isolated from the stomach of patients afflicted with peptic ulcer ( 1 , 2 ) .
this bacterium can cause gastritis and peptic ulcer in the short - term and carcinoma of the stomach in the long - term ( 3 , 4 ) .
polymerase ... | background : tympanosclerosis is a condition caused by calcification of tissues in the middle ear mucosa that sometimes results hearing loss .
helicobacter pylori is one of the pathological and etiologic factors in the development of tympanosclerosis.objectives:the purpose of this study was to show the role of h. py... | 1. Background
2. Objectives
3. Patients and Methods
4. Results
5. Discussion |
unawareness , lack of insight , or anosognosia refers to impaired awareness in persons with dementia [ 17 ] .
awareness is multifactorial and likely modular [ 4 , 810 ] , with each domain separable and potentially unique .
most of the literature on awareness in persons with dementia describes the clinical correlates of... | awareness in dementia is increasingly recognized not only as multifactorial , but also as domain specific .
we demonstrate differential clinical correlates for awareness of daily function , awareness of memory , and the novel exploration of awareness of balance .
awareness of function was higher for participants w... | 1. Introduction
2. Method
3. Results
4. Discussion |
leishmania parasites are obligatory intracellular protozoa living in macrophages of humans and many other vertebrates .
l. major is one of the main causes of the cutaneous form of the leishmaniasis in the world ( 1 ) .
most of leishmania studies have yet been focused on leishmania itself or the immunogenicity and patho... | background : leishmaniasis is a worldwide disease prevalent in tropical and sub - tropical countries in the world . characterization of inflammatory responses produced in cutaneous leishmaniasis has not yet been completed.methods:the specific primers were designed for ten pro - inflammatory genes including ccl4 , ccl3... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Leishmania
Primers
Animals
Leishmania parasites and infection
Isolation of neutrophils
RNA Isolation
RT-PCR
Results
Leishmania major lesions
Expression of pro-inflammatorygenes in Leishmania lesions
Discussion
Conclusion |
the mango is a commercial crop in many countries of the southeast asia , namely , india , pakistan , the philippines , indonesia , malaysia , thailand , burma , sri lanka , and bangladesh .
mango ranks third among the tropical fruits grown in the world with a total production of 23.87 million tons , to which bangladesh... | a detailed study was carried out with the postharvest mangoes ( namely , the langra and the khirshapat ) treated with different levels of bavistin df ( bdf ) solution ( namely , 250 , 500 , and 750 ppm ) for obtaining results on biochemical changes as well as storability of postharvest mango .
the experiment was la... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusion |
symmetry transitions are common during embryogenesis of all multicellular organisms [ 14 ] . in most cases ,
the transition is from radial to bilateral symmetry and controlled by hox and decapentaplegic genes in animals [ 5 , 6 ] .
in fact , the echinoderms provide the only reported example in which this order is rever... | summarysymmetry formation is a remarkable feature of biological life forms associated with evolutionary advantages and often with great beauty .
several examples exist in which organisms undergo a transition in symmetry during development [ 14 ] .
such transitions are almost exclusively in the direction from radi... | Results and Discussion
Author Contributions |
phlegmon is a spreading diffuse inflammatory process associated with the formation of a suppurative exudate or pus .
phlegmonous infection may involve any gastrointestinal tract site , although the stomach is most frequently involved ( 1 ) . however , phlegmonous involvements of the esophagus , small bowel , or colon a... | acute phlegmonous infection of the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by purulent inflammation of the submucosa and muscular layer with sparing of the mucosa .
the authors report a rare case of acute diffuse phlegmonous esophagogastritis , which was well diagnosed based on the typical chest computed tomographic... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
cerebral palsy ( cp ) is a non - progressive disease with symptoms that include neurological
disorders or developmental disabilities .
children with cp have spasticity , musculoskeletal
problems , mobility disturbances , and decreased pelvic movements that lead to awkward
movement and sitting posture1 , 2 . sympt... | [ purpose ] we with respect to their effects on the compared hippotherapy with a horseback
riding simulator ( joba , panasonic inc .
jp ) static and dynamic balance of children with
cerebral palsy ( cp ) .
[ subjects and methods ] twenty - six children were randomly divided into
two groups : a hippotherapy... | INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
the presence of a thick keratinized gingival covering serves as an effective barrier that is resistant to damage by various types of insults . as such
a narrow zone of keratinized tissue favors gingival recession and inflammation in patients with subgingival restorations , impedes proper impression taking in prosthodon... | context : adequate amount of keratinized gingiva is necessary to keep gingiva healthy and free of inflammation .
autografts have been used for years with great success to increase the width of attached gingiva .
autografts , however , have the disadvantage of increasing postoperative morbidity and improper color m... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
Surgical procedure
Postsurgical care
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
early life stressors that shape the stress response in offspring have profound effects on mood and cognition in adulthood ( davidson & mcewen , 2012 ) .
chronic exposure to glucocorticoids contribute to the dysfunction of the inhibitory network and impairment of rhythmic oscillations , which are critical for the regula... | the gabaergic synapse undergoes structural and functional maturation during early brain development .
maternal stress alters gabaergic synapses in the pup 's brain that are associated with the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders in adults ; however , the mechanism for this is still unclear . in this study ... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
Concluding summary |
management of immature root with a necrotic pulp and apical periodontitis is a challenging task .
obturation of the root canal is difficult because of lack of apical barrier for containing the root filling material .
treatment of choice in such cases is the apexification procedure , i.e. , establishing an apical barrie... | the treatment of choice for necrotic teeth with immature root is apexification , which is induction of apical closure to produce more favorable conditions for conventional root canal filling . the most commonly advocated medicament is calcium hydroxide although recently considerable interest has been expressed in the ... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORTS
Case 1
Case 2
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
the incidence of such infections is estimated to be 510% of patients admitted to tertiary care hospitals , although this may go up to 28% in the intensive care unit ( icu ) .
nosocomial infections contribute to 0.710% of deaths compared to 0.14.4% of all the deaths occurring in hospitals .
nosocomial infections are mos... | nosocomial infections are acquired during hospital treatment or in a hospital environment .
one such infecting agent , escherichia coli , harbours many virulence genes that enable it to become pathogenic , causing damage to the host .
the mechanism of the e. coli virulence factors provenance to cause infection in... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conflict of Interest |
bites from venomous snakes kill more people in the developing world than some of the world 's better recognized and better studied neglected tropical diseases .
. though not all bites are by venomous snakes or result in poisoning , up to 2 million of these bites result in the injection of venom , with hundreds of tho... |
objective .
most snakebite deaths occur prior to hospital arrival ; yet inexpensive , effective , and easy to administer out - of - hospital treatments do not exist .
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can be therapeutic in neurotoxic envenomations when administered intravenously , but nasally delivered drugs could... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Limitations
5. Discussion |
an ever - increasing number of prostatectomies are being performed using the da vinci robotic system [ 14 ] .
multiple reports over the past five years have described the advantages that are characteristically seen with robotic surgery , including decreased blood loss , shorter hospital stay , and a shorter convalesce... | several recent studies have suggested that thought leaders in radical prostatectomy have decreased their own positive margin rates by switching from open to robot - assisted radical prostatectomy .
theoretically , this improvement is largely attributed to enhanced visualization of the deep pelvis and precision of di... | Introduction
Methods
Patients and study design
Pathologic data
Data collection and statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors ( mpnst ) , which are comprised of 5 to 10% of all soft - tissue sarcoma , often occur in the near proximal extremity at a nerve trunk such as sciatic nerve , brachial plexus , or sacral plexus .
they have a distinct association with the neurofibromatosis type 1 and occur in 3 -... | we report a long - term survival case of a primary malignant intracerebral nerve sheath tumor ( minst ) occurring in the right frontal lobe of a 13-year old boy . after the gross total resection ( gtr )
, we have performed radiation therapy but it recurred 50 months after the surgery , so the second gtr was performe... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
Clinical course
Diagnosis
Postoperative treatment
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
a 7month old baby girl was brought to our hospital with a 2 months history of an ill defined mass involving entire abdomen .
contrast enhanced computed tomography ( cect ) of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a small left kidney with a dilated renal pelvis that continued as a hugely dilated and tortuous ureter ( figure ... | herein we present a case of a 7month old baby girl , with left single system ectopic ureter , in whom the ureter was dilated to such an extent that it presented as an abdominal mass .
diagnosis was established by means of computed tomography .
work up was completed with renal scan and micturating cystourethrograp... | CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
these include human population density and behaviour , housing type and location , water supply , sewage and waste management systems , land use and irrigation systems , availability and use of vector control programmes , access to health care , and general environmental hygiene .
meteorological factors that influence ... | climate change has the potential to influence the earth 's biological systems , however , its effects on human health are not well defined .
developing nations with limited resources are expected to face a host of health effects due to climate change , including vector - borne and water - borne diseases such as mala... | Introduction
Climate change and health in India
Water-borne diseases
Malaria
Other vector-borne and zoonotic diseases
Summary and implications for health care systems and providers |
a critical component of successful patient care in total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) is a blood management strategy .
tka can result in substantial perioperative blood loss , rendering patients at increased risk of requiring allogenic blood transfusion12 ) .
total knee and hip arthroplasty and fracture surgery is the num... | a perioperative blood management program is one of a number of important elements for successful patient care in total knee arthroplasty ( tka ) and surgeons should be proactive in its application .
the aims of blood conservation are to reduce the risk of blood transfusion whilst at the same time maximizing hemoglob... | Introduction
Preoperative Strategies
Intraoperative Strategies
Postoperative Strategies
Appropriate Transfusion Guidelines
Conclusions |
congenital causes of intestinal obstruction include duodenal atresia , malrotation , duodenal obstruction from ladd bands , other congenital bands , superior mesentery artery syndrome , enteric duplications as well as several other entities .
congenital anomalous bands resulting in proximal jejunal obstruction are a ra... | congenital anomalous bands at the proximal jejunum resulting in obstruction have been described sporadically in the literature and are otherwise rare .
we present a case of an 8 year - old girl with a nine - month history of intermittent vomiting and no history of prior surgery .
the imaging workup includes an abd... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
therefore , to increase the effectiveness of health education , information given to patients verbally should be supplemented and reinforced with written materials .
some advantages of written materials are consistency of message , ready availability of the required information , and ability to share this information .... | background : health education is the cornerstone of primary health care .
health education materials distributed to the community should , therefore , be suitable and effective .
the purpose of this study was to evaluate the health education brochures , designed and disseminated by ministry of health institutions ... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
Limitations
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS |
shallots ( wild garlic / osghordion ) with the scientific name of allium hertifolium , is one of the most famous plants from the alliaceae family . for a long time , shallots have been used as a source of food and medicine in iran .
the active ingredients of the plant could be referred to agapentagenin , allicin , omeg... | background : shallots ( wild garlic / osghordion ) with the scientific name of allium hertifolium , is one of the most famous plants from the alliaceae family . for a long time , shallots have been used as a source of food and medicine in iran .
the active ingredients of the plant could be referred to agapentagenin ... | Background:
Methods:
Results:
Conclusion: |
right sided valvular involvement in infective endocarditis has been well - described , but lesions affecting eustachian valve are distinctly rare . in 1986 , edwards et al .
first described the entity of eustachian valve endocarditis ( eve ) in an autopsy study of a patient with overwhelming streptococcal sepsis . in t... | eustachian valve endocarditis ( eve ) is a distinctly rare and underdiagnosed entity .
we report 2 new cases caused by vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus hominis diagnosed on transesophageal echocardiography ( tee ) . although , 63% of eustachian valve endocarditis is caused by staphylococ... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORTS
Case 1
Case 2
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
we searched the pubmed , cinahl , web of science , and cochrane databases from inception to 2009 using mesh terms vasovagal syncope drug therapy adrenergic beta antagonists and individually using the key words
neurocardiogenic syncope treatment metoprolol atenolol nebivolol bisoprolol acebutalol ... | backgroundbeta1 ( b1 ) selective blockers have been widely used for the treatment of neurocardiogenic syncope though clinical trials have shown conflicting degrees of efficacy.objectiveto study the clinical efficacy of b1 selective blockers compared to placebo in the treatment of neurocardiogenic syncope.methodsfour p... | Methods
Study identification
Study selection
Data extraction
Quality of studies
Statistical analysis
Description of studies included
Results of meta-analysis
Discussion
Limitations
Conclusion |
ts is a key enzyme in the de novo synthesis of dtmp , an essential precursor of dna , which catalyses the methylation of dump to dtmp .
the critical role of ts in the nucleotide metabolism has made it an important target of a variety of chemotherapeutic agents including 5-fu , 5-fu prodrugs as capecitabine , and... | thymidylate synthase ( ts ) catalyzes methylation
of dump to dtmp and it is the target for the
5-fluorouracil ( 5-fu ) activity .
barbour et al .
showed that variant structural forms of ts in tumour
cell lines confer resistance to fluoropyrimidines .
... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
recently
we reported on an analysis of the infrared spectrum of
c2f4 . by observation
of many combination and difference bands , including many from two c - containing isotopologues , and by comparison with mp2 and
density - functional calculations , all 12 fundamentals could be assigned ,
although only five ... | compared to ethylene and its nonfluorinated
derivatives , c2f4 is peculiar in many reactions .
it very easily
adds to radicals and prefers formation of four - membered rings over
diels alder reactions .
this has been rationalized by the preference
of fluorine for carbon sp3 hybridization , which is poss... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
the inflammatory bowel diseases ( ibds ) are chronic illnesses affecting the gastrointestinal tract : they predominantly comprise crohn 's disease ( cd ) and ulcerative colitis ( uc ) .
although cd and uc share some features , they have distinctive endoscopic and histological characteristics and disease patterns .
furt... | the inflammatory bowel diseases ( ibds ) are chronic inflammatory processes affecting the gastrointestinal tract .
when diagnosed in childhood and adolescence , ibd almost always impacts adversely upon the nutritional state of the patient . weight loss and impaired linear growth
may be present at diagnosis or subs... | 1. Introduction
2. Altered Growth Patterns in Paediatric IBD
3. Conclusion |
hematoxylin and eosin - stained slides and formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks of eight cases of hca were retrieved from the archives of the department of pathology , korea university medical center and seoul national university hospital .
the hematoxylin and eosin slides were reviewed , and immunohistochemical sta... | backgroundhepatocellular adenoma ( hca ) is a rare benign tumor of the liver .
a subtype classification of hca ( hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 [ hnf1]-mutated , -catenin - mutated hca , inflammatory hca , and unclassified hca ) has recently been established based on a single institutional review of a hca series by the... | MATERIALS AND METHODS
Interpretation of histologic findings
Immunohistochemistry
Hepatocellular adenoma subtype classification
HNF1-mutated hepatocellular adenoma
-Catenin mutated hepatocellular adenoma
Inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma
Unclassified hepatocellular adenoma
RESULTS
HNF1-mutated hepatocellular adenoma
I... |
the prevalence of glaucoma , a leading cause of vision loss , increases with age .
the number of people with glaucoma in australia is predicted to increase from 208,000 in 2005 to 379,000 in 2025 .
the most common form of medical management of glaucoma is the use of topical eye drops that reduce intraocular pressure .
... |
introduction .
ophthalmic timolol , a topical nonselective beta - blocker , has the potential to be absorbed systemically which may cause adverse cardiovascular effects .
this study was conducted to determine whether initiation of ophthalmic timolol was associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation for br... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
we retrospectively reviewed seventeen infants with hydrocephalus who were treated in our department by etv from jul .
this study included 17 patients between the ages of 51 days and 337 days , with an average age of 143 days , 9 males and 8 females , 4 han people and 13 hui people .
of the 17 patients there were 5 case... | objectiveto investigate the efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy ( etv ) for infantile hydrocephalus.methodsretrospectively reviewed the 17 infantile hydrocephalus cases who were treated with etv between july 2009 and june 2013 .
the study includes 17 patients ( 4 han and 13 hui ) between the ages of 51 and ... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients
Surgical technique
RESULTS
Treatment effect
Intraoperative and postoperative complications
DISCUSSION
The causes of infantile hydrocephalus
The treatment effect of ETV
The advantages and disadvantages of ETV and indications
CONCLUSION |
restless legs syndrome ( rls ) is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by an urge to move the legs that are associated with unpleasant paresthesias .
usually , the symptoms worsen when at rest and at night and are relieved by movement .
various studies suggest that genetic component , iron - deficiency , disturbances ... | background : repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rtms ) is a noninvasive technique used to alter cortex excitability that has been proposed as an efficient method for treating brain hyperexcitability or hypoexcitability disorders . the aim of this study was to investigate whether high - frequency rtms could... | I
M
Patients
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation procedure
Assessment
Statistical analysis
R
D |
as rice yield is enormously affected by large number of pathogenic organisms , nematodes , fungi , insects and virus hence , understanding and exploitation of the root endophytic community for this high demand asian crop can result in the promotion of crop health .
this could be an alternative approach towards eco - fr... | this study reports the root endophytic microbial community profile in rice ( oryza sativa l. ) , the largest food crop of asia , using 16s rrna gene amplicon sequencing .
metagenome of os01 and os04 consisted of 11,17,900 sequences with 300 mbp size and average 55.6% g + c content .
data of this study are avail... | Resource details
Materials and methods
Verification and authentication
Nucleotide sequence accession numbers
Funding |
midfoot fractures and dislocations are uncommon because of the intrinsic stability of the tarsal structure .
the arthrodesis of the talonavicular joint and calcaneal - cuboid joint is technically complex in the presence of bone defect and there is a high incidence of nonunion .
furthermore , in the presence of large sk... | we present a 49-year - old man with a traumatic subamputation of the forefoot , associated with lacerated wound in correspondence of the dorsal surface of the right foot , with injuries of tendinous , ligamentous and vascular structures and with the loss of talus head .
the patient underwent salvage arthrodesis of t... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
Conflict of interest statement |
prostate cancer ( pca ) is one of the major
causes of cancer death in men worldwide .
the molecular basis of the disease involves an irregular behavior
of the functions mediated by the androgen receptor ( ar ) .
human ar
belongs to the nuclear receptor ( nr ) superfamily of transcription
factors , which regulat... | prostate cancer ( pca ) therapy typically involves administration
of classical antiandrogens , competitive inhibitors
of androgen receptor ( ar ) ligands , dihydrotestosterone ( dht ) and testosterone
( tes ) , for the ligand - binding pocket ( lbp ) in the ligand - binding domain
( lbd ) of ar .
prolonged... | Introduction
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Experimental Section |
retinoblastoma is the most frequent childhood intraocular tumour with an approximately incidence of one in 15,00020,000 births in the world . in africa
management of retinoblastoma has been changing during years with a survival rate of more than 95% in developed countries [ 5 , 6 ] .
however , in developing countries t... |
background . to determine clinical profile and management of retinoblastoma among children at kinshasa in democratic republic of congo .
patients and methods . the medical records of patients with a diagnosis of retinoblastoma seen at the university hospital of kinshasa from january 1985 till december 2005 were re... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
planning , evaluating , and budget allocation for prevention programs are contingent upon estimating the size of their target groups .
population size estimation of the target groups in some context , such as hiv / aids , always entail numerous challenges in countries where such diseases are concentrated in specific su... | abstractbackgroundnetwork scale - up is an indirect method for estimating the size of hidden , hard - to - count or high risk populations .
social network size estimation is the first step in this method .
the present study was conducted with the purpose of estimating the social network size of the tehran province... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Ethical considerations |
male wistar rats weighing 220240 g and male c57bl/6j mice weighing 2025 g were from centre elevage janvier , le genest - st .
the animals had free access to tap water and standard food and were treated in accordance with european community guidelines concerning care and use of laboratory animals .
gavages of conscious ... | objectivean increased expression of relm- ( resistin - like molecule- ) , a gut - derived hormone , is observed in animal models of insulin resistance / obesity and intestinal inflammation .
intestinal sugar absorption is modulated by dietary environment and hormones / cytokines .
the aim of this study was to inve... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Glucose tolerance test.
Tissue preparation and short-circuit measurement.
Transmural transport of hexoses.
Western blot analysis.
Glucose uptake experiments.
Chemicals.
Statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Effect of RELM- on glucose tolerance tests.
Mucosal RELM- inhibits Na
RELM- modulates jejunal... |
all animal procedures were performed in accordance with recommendations in the arvo statement for the use of animals in ophthalmic and vision research , in the guide for the care and use of laboratory animals by the national institutes of health , and under an approved protocol from the institutional animal care and us... | purposeto elucidate the proteins required for specialized small interlocking protrusions and large paddle domains at lens fiber cell tricellular junctions ( vertices ) , we developed a novel method to immunostain single lens fibers and studied changes in cell morphology due to loss of tropomodulin 1 ( tmod1 ) , an f -... | Methods
Mice
Antibodies and Reagents
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Immunostaining of Frozen Sections
Immunostaining of Fiber Cell Bundles and Single Lens Fiber Cells
Image Analysis
Results
F-Actin Is Associated With Large Paddles and Small Protrusions at Fiber Cell Interlocking Domains
None
Disruption of 2-Spectrin Loca... |
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