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determinar a presena de anticorpos ige especficos para superantgenos estafiloccicos e o grau de sensibilizao mediada por esses , assim como se esses esto associados gravidade da asma em pacientes adultos .
estudo transversal incluindo asmticos adultos em acompanhamento ambulatorial em um hospital universitrio tercirio... | abstractobjective : to determine the presence of staphylococcal superantigen - specific ige antibodies and degree of ige - mediated sensitization , as well as whether or not those are associated with the severity of asthma in adult patients .
methods : this was a cross - sectional study involving outpatients with as... | Objetivo:
Mtodos:
Resultados:
Concluses:
INTRODUCTION
METHODS
Patients
Procedures
Statistical analysis
Ethical aspects
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
sixty - four patients in nepal that met us department of defense enrollment criteria ( 9 ) for influenzalike illness were evaluated by using onsite rapid influenza tests ( optical immunoassay rapid diagnostic tests , thermo electron corp .
throat swab specimens were collected within the first 72 hours of onset of sympt... | worldwide emergence of variant viruses has prompted a change in the 20052006 h3n2 influenza a vaccine strain . | Materials and Methods
Sample Collection and Antigenic Analysis
Molecular Analysis
Results
Epidemiologic and Laboratory Assessment
Antigenic Analysis
Molecular Analysis
Discussion |
rising levels of obesity are becoming a worldwide phenomenon and are increasingly identified as a health problem across the globe [ 14 ] .
higher weight has been associated with adverse health indicators and outcomes , including cardiovascular disease [ 512 ] , stroke [ 5 , 13 ] , cognitive and functional decline [ 141... | excess weight has generally been associated with adverse health outcomes ; however , the link between overweight and health outcomes may vary with socioeconomic , cultural , and epidemiological conditions .
we examine associations of weight with indicators of biological risk in three nationally representative popula... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
medical tourism is illustrated as occurrence in which individuals travel abroad to receive healthcare services ( 1 ) .
it is a multi - billion dollar industry and countries like india , thailand , singapore , malaysia , belgium , costa rica , cuba , dubai , hungary , israel , jordan , south africa and many others are b... | background : role of information source , perceived benefits and risks , and destination image has significantly been examined in travel and tourism literature ; however , in medical tourism it is yet to be examined thoroughly .
the concept discussed in this article is drawn form well established models in tourism l... | Introduction
Literature Review
International Patients Source of Information
International Patients Perceived Travel Benefits
Consumption Value of Medical Tourism
International Patients Perceived Travel Risks
Medical Tourism Destination Image
Methods
Results
Conclusion
Ethical considerations
|
squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck ( hnscc ) is a heterogeneous disease that includes tumors arising from the mucosal epithelial surface of the oral cavity , oropharynx , hypopharynx , and larynx . although these tumors originate within different anatomic sites within the upper aerodigestive tract , they are ... | molecular therapeutics for treating epidermal growth factor receptor-(egfr- ) expressing cancers are a specific method for treating cancers compared to general cell loss with standard cytotoxic therapeutics .
however , the finding that resistance to such therapy is common in clinical trials now dampens the initial... | 1. Introduction
2. EGFR Amplification in Head and Neck Cancers
3. Targeting IGF-1R Signaling in Head and Neck Cancers
4. A Role for Met/HGF Signaling in Head and Neck Cancers
5. Understanding Resistance to EGFR-Targeted Therapies in HNSCC
6. Conclusions |
this in vitro study was conducted in the chemistry and biochemistry institute , university of veterinary medicine , vienna , austria between june and august 2013 in accordance with the guidelines of the european union council ( 86/609/eu ) for the use of laboratory animals .
the work does not require approval from the ... | objectives : to investigate potential mechanisms mediating the neuroprotective effect of thymoquinone ( tq ) on dopaminergic neurons.methods:this study was conducted in the chemistry and biochemistry institute , university of veterinary medicine , vienna , austria between june and august 2013 .
primary cultures were... | Methods
Preparation of primary mesencephalic cell culture
Study design and treatment of primary mesencephalic cell cultures
Identification of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (THir) neurons
Measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity
Fluorescence staining
Results
Effect of TQ on the survival of dopaminergic neuron... |
it is generally accepted that microleakage between the filling materials and root canal
walls might adversely affect the outcome of root canal treatment .
therefore , it is critical the complete
sealing of the root canal system after cleaning and shaping in order to avoid the
bacterial penetration and re - infect... | objectivethe aim of this study was to compare the correspondence between gap formation and
apical microleakage in root canals filled with epoxy resin - based ( ah plus )
combined or not with resinous primer or with a dimethacrylate - based root canal
sealer ( epiphany ) .
material and methodsthirty - nine lowe... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Specimen preparation
Group AH Plus
Group AH Primer
Group epiphany
Positive and negative controls
Protocol 1
Protocol 2
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
according to the u.s . national institutes of health , up to 80% of human bacterial infections involve biofilm - associated microorganisms 1 . among these , implant - related infections
do still have a tremendous impact in orthopaedics and trauma 2 , with high social and economic costs 3 , 4 , posing challenging diagno... | living in biofilms is probably the most common condition for bacteria and fungi and biofilm - related infections account for the majority of bacterial infectious diseases worldwide.among others biofilm - related infections , those associated with implanted biomaterials have an enormous and still largely underestimated... | Introduction
Anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm properties of hyaluronic acid and its composites
Clinical applications of hyaluronic acid to prevent bacterial adhesion
Conclusion |
health - related quality of life ( hrqol ) is a multidimensional concept that defines a person 's health based on specific aspects , such as physical , emotional , and social functioning and general welfare ( 1 ) .
the assessment of hrqol consists of an evaluation of the degree to which these aspects are decreased by s... | objectives : the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of asymptomatic vertebral fractures on the quality of life in older women as part of the sao paulo ageing & health study.methods:this study was a cross - sectional study with a random sample of 180 women 65 years of age or older with or without vertebral... | INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Population
Quality of life assessment
Assessment of vertebral fractures
Anthropometry
Other variables and definitions
Bone mineral density (BMD) assessment
Statistical analysis
Ethics
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
the geological and ( palaeo-)biological evolution of lowland amazonia during neogene and quaternary times remains fascinating since the early days of natural sciences ( for summaries of research history see e.g. , loczy , 1963 and wesselingh , 2008 ) .
many , but partly highly controversial models have been introduced ... | in miocene times a vast wetland existed in western amazonia .
whereas the general development of this amazing ecosystem is well established , many questions remain open on sedimentary environments , stratigraphical correlations as well as its palaeogeographical configuration .
several outcrops located in a barely ... | Introduction
Working area and geological background
Field and laboratory work
Results sedimentology of the outcrops
Discussion
Conclusions |
ribonucleotide reductase ( rr ) inhibitors have been studied as radiation sensitizers for over 30 years in both the lab and the clinic .
the first of these , hydroxyurea , has been studied in both cervical and head and neck cancers , among others .
although initially promising , many of the clinical trials produced ne... | ribonucleotide reductase ( rr ) , the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis and repair of dna , has been studied as a target for inhibition in the treatment of cancer for many years .
while some researchers have focused on rr inhibitors as chemotherapeutic agents , particularly in hematologic malignancies , some of ... | Introduction
Hydroxyurea
Triapine
Conclusion
Conflict of Interest Statement |
embryos generated through assisted reproductive technologies ( art ) are deemed surplus when , for some reason , they are not used for reproductive purposes ( svendsen and koch 2008 ; haimes and taylor 2011 ) ; instead , they are then disposed of or , where this is allowed by a country s art regulation , may be donated... | this paper is based on linked qualitative studies of the donation of human embryos to stem cell research carried out in the united kingdom , switzerland , and china .
all three studies used semi - structured interview protocols to allow an in - depth examination of donors and non - donors rationales for their donati... | Embryo Donation as a Sociomoral Practice
Empirical Exploration of Donation Decisions
Reasons for Donating
Contribution to Research
Reparation
Reasons Not to Donate
The Problem of Gratitude
Concluding Comments on Reparation, Solidarity, and Consent |
neurosurgery is characterized by the delicate balance between surgical success and potential for devastating side effects . thanks to multiple technological improvements
, the morbidity of neurosurgical interventions has substantially decreased over the last decades , allowing for the resection of previously inoperable... | current neuronavigation systems can not adapt to changing intraoperative conditions over time . to overcome this limitation
, we present an experimental end - to - end system capable of updating 3d preoperative images in the presence of brain shift and successive resections . the heart of our system is a nonrigid re... | 1. Introduction
2. State-of-the-Art
3. Basic Strategy for Serial Preoperative Image Update
4. Methods
5. Results
6. Validation
7. Conclusions and Future Work |
the contribution to human health of the specific fatty acid ( fa ) composition of the diet has received considerable attention in the literature .
fatty acids are key nutrients that affect early growth and development as well as the prevention of chronic disease in later life.1 among the fas , omega-3 polyunsaturated f... | omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( n-3 pufas ) , particularly eicosapentanoic acid ( epa ) and docosahexanoic acid ( dha ) , has been acknowledged as essential very long - chain fatty acids contributing to either achieving optimal health or protection against diseases , and even longevity .
recent high impact stu... | INTRODUCTION
THE EFFICACIES OF N-3 PUFA IN PREVENTION OF GI CANCERS
Esophageal cancer
Gastric cancer
Colorectal cancer
MECHANISMS OF N-3 PUFAS ON CHEMOPREVENTION
Useful animal model to study chemopreventive mechanism of n-3 PUFA:
CONCLUSIONS |
older people have particular spiritual needs that are distinct from those of others , particularly in times of ill health and death and dying .
it has been reported that spirituality has a positive effect on health outcomes and welfare of the elderly .
nowadays , aging phenomenon and relevant problems with its complexi... | background : spirituality is recognized as a personally important matter to the elderly , and there are evidences of its impact on their health .
the aim of this study was to explore the concept of spirituality from the perspectives of iranian healthy elderly individuals.materials and methods : a conventional qualit... | I
M
Design
Selection
Data collection
Analysis
Data trustworthiness
Ethical considerations
R
Spiritual health
Spiritual beliefs
Religious practice
D
Suggestions
C |
according to the national regulations regarding diagnostic criteria of brain death ( bd ) , instrumental confirmatory tests should be used in certain clinical situations , such as intoxications , infratentorial processes , extensive facial damage , children younger than 2 years of age , or any case in which clinical e... | introductionstasis filling , defined as delayed , weak , and persistent opacification of proximal segments of the cerebral arteries , is frequently found in brain dead patients .
this phenomenon causes a major problem in the development of reliable computed tomographic angiography ( cta ) protocol in the diagnosis o... | Background
Material and methods
CTA
CTP
Catheter angiography
Data collection
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Limitations
Conclusions
Conflict of interest |
the skin is the largest organ of the body and protects the organism against external physical , chemical , and biological insults such as wounding , uvb radiation , and microorganisms .
this major barrier resides in the upper layers of the epidermis ( for review see segre , 2006 ) . the epidermis is the upper part of t... | caspase-14 is a unique member of the evolutionarily conserved family of cysteinyl aspartate
specific proteinases , which are mainly involved in inflammation and apoptosis .
however , recent evidence also implicates these proteases in proliferation and differentiation .
although most caspases are ubiquitously ex... | Introduction
Caspase-14 expression and regulation
Activation of caspase-14
Function: caspase-14 is involved in cornification, hydration, and protection against UVB
Caspase-14 and disease
Conclusions |
nine male competitive cyclists participated in this study . their mean sd age , height , and body mass were 33.3 7.5 yr , 184 4 cm , and 77.3 7.0 kg , respectively .
they had a maximal oxygen consumption ( vo2max ) of 4.8 0.2 lmin ( oxycon pro ; viasys healthcare , germany ) with a peak power output of 418 16 w (... | abstractpurposethis study aimed to determine the effects of heat acclimatization on performance and pacing during outdoor cycling time trials ( tt , 43.4 km ) in the heat.methodsnine cyclists performed three tt in hot ambient conditions ( tth , approximately 37c ) on the first ( tth-1 ) , sixth ( tth-2 ) , and 14th ( ... | METHODS
None
Participants
General procedure
Measures
Statistical analyses
RESULTS
None
Performance
Pacing of power output
HR and temperature responses
DISCUSSION
None
Power output and pacing
Effect of air density and air movement while cycling in the heat
CONCLUSIONS |
this retrospective observational study was conducted using electronic medical records from the south central veterans affairs health care network ( visn 16 ) , one of the largest of the 23 visns in the veterans health administration ( vha ) .
the vha is a national integrated health care system providing a set of compre... | objectivethis study compared the clinical and economic benefits associated with dual - goal achievement , glycated hemoglobin ( hba1c ) < 7% ( 53 mmol / mol ) and ldl cholesterol ( ldl - c ) < 100 mg / dl , with achievement of only the ldl - c goal or only the hba1c goal in veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2d... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data source
Sample selection
Data preparation
Patient characteristics
Clinical outcomes
Economic outcomes
RESULTS
Patient characteristics
Clinical outcomes
Resource utilization
Medical service costs
CONCLUSIONS
Clinical outcomes: dual- vs. single-goal achievement
Clinical outcomes: single- v... |
cancer places a huge burden on society and has been identified as the leading cause of death in both more and less economically developed countries .
projections based on the globocan 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase to 19.3 million new cancer cases per year by 2025 , due to growth and ageing of the global... | cisplatin is an effective drug used in the treatment of many cancers , yet its ototoxic potential places cancer patients , exposed to this drug , at risk of hearing loss , thus negatively impacting further on a patient 's quality of life .
it is paramount for health care practitioners managing such patients to be aw... | 1. Introduction
2. Method
3. Conclusion |
the synthetic modification
of proteins enables the construction
of biomolecular hybrids that can be used to study protein function , deliver potent therapeutics to cellular targets , and build new materials .
the synthesis of these constructs requires a suite of chemoselective
bioconjugation reactions that procee... | the
synthetic modification of proteins plays an important role
in chemical biology and biomaterials science .
these fields provide
a constant need for chemical tools that can introduce new functionality
in specific locations on protein surfaces . in this work
, an oxidative
strategy is demonstrated for t... | Introduction
Results and Discussion
Conclusion |
many studies over the past 15 years have focused on discovering solvents that help promote efficient cc bond formation under benign reaction conditions .
new solvents in dielsalder(2 ) and barbier reactions have been sought to help streamline the one - pot transformations further , reducing synthetic steps and organic ... | indium - promoted coupling reactions between propargyl aldehydes ( 1 ) and -chloropropargylphenyl sulfide are reported .
although water has been shown to accelerate indium metal promoted reactions , the reverse pattern was observed in this series .
use of n - methylformamide ( nmf ) , which has not previously been... | Indroduction
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Experimental Section |
type 1 diabetes ( t1d ) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic -cells , primarily mediated by t lymphocytes , resulting in insulin deficiency and lifelong exogenous insulin dependence ( 1 ) .
latent autoimmune diabetes in adults ( lada ) is a subtype of autoimmune diabetes , but the progression of aut... | objectiveb lymphocytes play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes .
we hypothesized that the altered b - cell subset phenotype is associated with autoimmune diabetes.research design and methodspatients with type 1 diabetes ( t1d ) ( n = 81 ) , latent autoimmune diabetes in adults ( lada ... | Introduction
Research Design and Methods
Participants
C-Peptide and HbA
Islet Autoantibody Assays
Immunostaining and Flow Cytometry
Statistical Analysis
Results
Anthropometric and Metabolic Data
Change of B-Cell Subsets in Patients With Diabetes
B-Cell Subsets Are Associated With Clinical Diabetes
Conclusions
Supplemen... |
adolescents in sub - saharan africa face high exposure to human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) infection . despite all efforts to prevent the disease , prevalence estimates in sub - saharan unaids ( i.e. , the joint united nations programme on hiv and aids ) priority countries range from 1.3 to 15.6 % among young wome... | self - report of sexual behavior among adolescents is notoriously inconsistent , yet such measures are commonly used as outcomes for human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) prevention intervention trials .
there has been a growing interest in the use of hiv and other sexually transmitted disease biomarkers as more vali... | Introduction
Brief Description of Case Studies
Ethical Considerations Including Consenting Procedures
Collecting and Analyzing Biological Samples
Feasibility Comparison of Sample Collection Methods
Discussion |
nanobiomaterials are characterized by constituent
particles and/or surface features less than 100 nm
in at least one dimension
.
starting with photolithography and dry etching in the
1980 's to high - resolution electron beam lithography and other technologies
in the 1990 's
, nanotechnology allows for mak... | cell - surface interactions play a crucial role for biomaterial application in orthopaedics .
it is evident that not only the chemical composition of solid substances influence cellular adherence ,
migration , proliferation and differentiation but also the surface topography of a biomaterial .
the progressiv... | 1. INTRODUCTION
2. BONE CELLS
3. CYTOCOMPATIBILITY OF MICRO- AND
NANOSTRUCTURED SURFACES |
approximately 40 million people are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus ( hiv ) worldwide ( unaids 2006 ) .
infections by this lentivirus from the family retroviridae are characterized by a long asymptomatic period after host immune defenses control the initial infection . during this subsequent chronic phas... | abstractmany pathogens of humans are blood borne , including hiv , malaria , hepatitis b and c , west nile virus , dengue , and other viral hemorrhagic fevers .
although several of these pathogens are transmitted by blood - feeding arthropods , hiv is not .
a number of properties of hiv and its life cycle have bee... | Introduction
Why is HIV not vector-borne?
Genetic variation
Selection
Discussion |
copd is characterized by persistent airway obstruction , usually of a progressive nature and associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in airways to noxious particles or gases.1 copd is associated with increased mortality and reduced life expectancy.2 of the 3.8 million mortalities caused by chronic res... | backgroundlow adherence to global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease ( gold ) guideline recommendations has been reported worldwide .
there has been no study on the adherence to gold guidelines for copd treatment in turkey.objectivesto investigate the rates of adherence to gold 2010 guidelines for copd ... | Introduction
Methods
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient characteristics
Adherence to GOLD 2010 guideline recommendations for treatment
Analysis of treatment approaches
Discussion |
o - glycans have been found to play an important role in protein stability and tertiary structure , stabilize protein conformation , modulate the activity of enzymes ( e.g. by reversible attachment of o - linked glcnac to cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins ) and signaling molecules , are essential for a number of recogni... | the glycosylation abilities of snails deserve attention , because snail species serve as intermediate hosts in the developmental cycles of some human and cattle parasites . in analogy to many other host - pathogen relations , the glycosylation of snail proteins may likewise contribute to these host - parasite interact... | Introduction
Material and methods
Results
Discussion and conclusion |
assessment of myocardial viability in patients with coronary artery disease is of great clinical importance , as dysfunctional but viable myocardium has the ability to regain contractility after coronary revascularization with subsequent improvements in cardiac function and prognosis . the perfusable tissue index ( pti... | purposethe perfusable tissue index ( pti ) is a marker of myocardial viability .
recent technological advances have made it possible to generate parametric pti images from a single [ 15o]h2o pet / ct scan .
the purpose of this study was to validate these parametric pti images.methodsthe study population comprised ... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Study population
PET/CT image acquisition
PET/CT image analysis
CMR image acquisition
CMR image analysis
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
PET/CT and CMR parameters
Predictive values for viability
Discussion
Conclusion
Open Access |
while advances in free trade and globalization increase the movement and accelerate the accumulation of invasive species ( lockwood et al .
2005 ) , it is still unclear how introduced populations can successfully establish . as elton ( 1958 ) pointed out , for every successful invasion that occurs , there are enormous... | the mechanisms that facilitate success of an invasive species include both ecological and evolutionary processes . investigating the evolutionary dynamics of founder populations can enhance our understanding of patterns of invasiveness and provide insight into management strategies for controlling further establishmen... | Introduction
Model description
The ecological system
The evolutionary subsystem
Results
Discussion |
inspection of the database of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins ( cogs ) revealed only one family of such proteins that is represented in most of the sequenced bacterial , archaeal and eukaryotic genomes .
the prototype of this family is the rhomboid ( rho ) protein from drosophila melanogaster , a developme... | the near - universal presence of the rhomboid family in bacteria , archaea and eukaryotes appears to suggest that this protein is part of the heritage of the last universal common ancestor , phylogenetic tree analysis indicates a likely bacterial origin with subsequent dissemination by horizontal gene transfer . | Background
Results and discussion
Sequence and structural features and phyletic distribution of the rhomboid family
Phylogeny and evolutionary history of the rhomboid family
Conclusions
Materials and methods
Acknowledgements
Figures and Tables |
the potential of rnai to silence any gene has made it an attractive therapeutic modality .
however , the main obstacle to rnai in the clinic is delivery . to be effective
, sirnas must be transported through the body , bind , and be taken up by target cells where they must traverse the plasma membrane and gain access t... | due to their ability to knock down the expression of any gene , sirnas have been heralded as ideal candidates for treating a wide variety of diseases , including those involving
undruggable targets . however , the therapeutic potential of sirnas remains severely limited by a lack of effective delivery vehicles .
... | Introduction
Results
Discussion
Materials and Methods
Supplementary Material |
according to the mca , only a compromised ability to make a decision in accordance with certain procedural norms , loosely defined with reference to the ability to understand ,
retain and use or weigh relevant information , or an inability to communicate a decision , properly grounds judgments of incapacity ( s. 3(1... | calls for the adoption of a universal capacity approach to replace dedicated mental health law are motivated by the idea that the measures designed to protect patient autonomy in legislation such as the mental capacity act 2005 should apply to everyone , including people with a psychiatric diagnosis . in this article ... | Mental capacity and the ability to consider the future
Are we rationally required to value the future?
Including the ability to consider the future in assessments of mental capacity
A dilemma about what respect for patient autonomy requires
Conclusion |
exacerbation is an important life - threatening event for patients with copd , and can lead to hospitalization and death.14 patients who suffer frequent and repeated exacerbations within 1 year have a poor prognosis,5 characterized by worsening of health - related quality of life ( hrqol),6,7 a rapid decline in lung fu... | backgroundthe prognosis of japanese patients with copd who suffer repeated exacerbations is unclear , although westerners with such episodes have a poor prognosis.materials and methodswe conducted a 1-year prospective observational trial involving 90 japanese patients with copd : 58 nonexacerbators , 12 infrequent exa... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Study design
Diagnosis and spirometric classification of COPD
Assessment of mMRC scale, total CAT, FSSG scale, and CESD
Comorbidities
Frequency and date of mortality, hospitalizations, and exacerbations
Statistical analysis
Results
Study subjects
Baseline characteristics
Stability of ... |
it is not uncommon to see bleeding symptoms in patients in outpatient or hospital - based practice .
postpartum hemorrhage complicates pregnancy and accounts for significant morbidity and mortality , particularly in underdeveloped countries.1,2 menorrhagia is a common clinical challenge and is often associated with sec... | background : bleeding symptoms commonly seen by multiple physician specialties may belie undiagnosed congenital or acquired bleeding disorders . acquired hemophilia is a potentially life - threatening cause of unexplained acute bleeding manifested by an abnormal activated partial thromboplastin time ( aptt ) that does... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Initial presentation: recommended diagnostic evaluations and hematology consultation
Second presentation: recommended diagnostic evaluations and hematology consultation
Recommendations regarding case patient disposition
Familiarity with bleeding disorders
History of hematology... |
polyarginine peptides
are known as one of the widely used classes
of cell - penetrating peptides ( cpps ) and cellular delivery tools .
it has been reported that the presence of the
guanidine group in the side chain of arginine plays a key role for
improved ability of arginine - rich peptides to cross the cell ... | many
of the reported arginine - rich cell - penetrating peptides ( cpps )
for the enhanced delivery of drugs are linear peptides composed of
more than seven arginine residues to retain the cell penetration properties .
herein , we synthesized a class of nine polyarginine peptides containing
5 and 6 arginines... | Introduction
Experimental
Section
Results and Discussion
Conclusions |
as of 2014 , the worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2 dm ) was estimated to be 9% among adults aged 18 years with great impact on mortality , particularly in low- and middle - income countries ( lmic ) [ 1 , 2 ] . moreover , globally , approximately 25% to 75% of diabetes cases remain undiagnosed [ 3 ,... |
objective . to develop and validate a risk score for detecting cases of undiagnosed diabetes in a resource - constrained country .
methods . two population - based studies in peruvian population aged 35 years were used in the analysis : the eninbsc survey ( n = 2,472 ) and the cronicas cohort study ( n = 2,945 ) .... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
when deposited on various
substrate surfaces , rod - like , -conjugated ,
small organic molecules are well - known for their tendency to form
highly anisotropic crystal shapes , which are frequently called fibers
or needles . whereas the epitaxial growth has been studied on various substrates ,
in particular ... | the
morphology and structure of 2,2:6,2-ternaphthalene
( nnn ) deposited on muscovite mica(001 ) substrates was investigated
by scanning force microscopy ( sfm ) and specular x - ray diffraction
measurements .
consistently , both methods reveal the coexistence of
needle - like structures with a { 111 } con... | Introduction
Experimental Section
Experimental Results
Discussion |
the task force on child health and maternal health for the united nations millennium development goals reiterated the challenges of achieving the goals in its report who 's got the power ?
transforming health systems for women and children . while the technology and interventions exist to prevent or treat the vast ma... | globally , maternal and child health faces diverse challenges depending on the status of the development of the country .
some countries have introduced or explored preconception care for various reasons .
falling birth rates and increasing knowledge about risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes led to the int... | Introduction
Hong Kong: A done deal
South Korea: An evolving initiative
Belgium: Baby steps
China: Preconception care as an HIV/AIDS intervention model
China: Regaining the old glory
Conclusions |
a basic set of proteins and mrnas are differentially expressed among cell types , temporally and spatially , generating a vast assortment of cell phenotypes and/or activation states within a single tissue .
outlining this protein / mrna portrait is thus crucial for understanding not only the uniqueness characterizing c... | in the cns , neuroinflammation occurring during pathologies as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( als ) and multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is the consequence of an intricate interplay orchestrated by various cell phenotypes . among the molecular cues having a role in this process , extracellular nucleotides are responsible fo... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
putting a halt to the rising trend in overweight prevalence has high priority in public health policy all over the developed world .
prevention , preferably starting at an early age , is considered as the key strategy to achieve this goal , and considerable effort is put into the design of preventive measures . where... |
objective . to prospectively identify behavioral risk factors for childhood overweight and to assess their relevance in high risk sub groups ( children of mothers with overweight or low education )
.
methods . in the piama birth cohort ( n = 3963 ) ,
questionnaire data were obtained at ages 5 and 7 on screen ... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
the protective effects of vagus nerve during ischemia / reperfusion ( i / r ) have been suggested ( 1 ) .
vagus nerve stimulation decreases the inflammation and the injuries resulted from i / r through affecting neutrophils while vagotomy increases these processes ( 1 ) .
moreover , it has been observed that stimulatio... | objectives : vagal pathways in gastrointestinal tract are the most important pathways that regulate ischemia / reperfusion ( i / r ) .
gastrointestinal tract is one of the important sources of melatonin production .
the aim of this study was to investigate probable protective effect of the interaction between vagu... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Vagus nerve stimulation
Ischemia/reperfusion
Measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and glutathione peroxides (GPX), catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities
Infiltration of neutrophils
Statistical analysis
Results
Infiltration of neutrophils
MDA level
Catalase activity
Glut... |
a stratified , multistage probability cluster sampling design was used in this survey ( 13 ) . based on socioeconomic characteristics
, in the first stage of sampling , 22 counties were randomly selected from each of the 6 regions in china . in the second stage ,
three townships were randomly selected from each of the ... | objectiveearly developmental adaptations in response to undernutrition may play an essential role in susceptibility to type 2 diabetes , particularly for those experiencing a mismatched rich nutritional environment in later life .
we examined the associations of exposure to the chinese famine ( 19591961 ) during f... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Famine cohorts and areas.
Assessments of blood glucose and type 2 diabetes.
Stratification factors.
Statistical analyses.
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
the circadian system organizes the different biological functions in 24 h , such as sleep / activity , temperature , heart rate , glucose level , cortisol production , and oxidative stress . in mammals ,
this system is organized by a central clock localized in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus ( scn ) and... | the circadian system is a supraphysiological system that modulates different biological functions such as metabolism , sleep - wake , cellular proliferation , and body temperature .
different chronodisruptors have been identified , such as shift work , feeding time , long days , and stress .
the environmental chan... | 1. Introduction
2. Clock Genes and Metabolic Disorder
3. Clock Genes and Infertility
4. Clock Genes, Mood Disorder, and Others
5. Clock Genes and Cancer
6. Conclusion |
connectivity is key to understanding activity in neural systems ( sporns et al . , 2000 ) .
network connectivity in science and in engineering fields as diverse as mechanics , communication technology , public health , geography and town planning , is studied mathematically using the concepts of graph theory ( bollobas... | psychiatric illnesses characterized by disorganized cognition , such as schizophrenia , have been described in terms of fragmentation and hence understood as reduction in functional brain connectivity , particularly in prefrontal and parietal areas . however , as graph theory shows , relatively small numbers of nonloc... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Evolving networks
Percolation and self-organization in small-worlds
Discussion
Data
Conflict of interest statement |
the prevalence of diabetes in the u.s . has increased ( 1 ) , and cardiovascular ( cv ) complications remain the major cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with type 2 diabetes , contributing substantially to increased health care costs ( 2 ) . as individuals attempt to manage their diabetes , there is increasin... | objectiveto evaluate the impact of comorbid depressive symptoms and/or stress on adverse cardiovascular ( cv ) outcomes in individuals with diabetes compared with those without diabetes.research design and methodsinvestigators examined the relationship between baseline depressive symptoms and/or stress in adults with ... | Introduction
Research Design and Methods
Study Design, Cohort Description, and Medication Information
Physical Examination and Laboratory Measures
Diabetes, Depressive Symptoms, and Stress Measures
CV Outcome Measures and Death
Measurement of Potential Confounders
Analysis
Results
Conclusions |
in order to prevent and control microbial proliferation in industrial settings , cleaning and disinfection plans are applied on a regular basis [ 1 , 2 ] . in food processing plants ,
the control of microbial contamination generally involves clean - in - place ( cip ) procedures which consist of running alternated cycl... | standard cleaning processes may not remove all the soiling typically found in food industry , such as carbohydrates , fats , or proteins .
contaminants have a high impact in disinfection as their presence may reduce the activity of disinfectants .
the influence of alginic acid , bovine serum albumin , yeast extrac... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
social scientists who explore factors mediating and moderating the relationships between social stressors and mental health , including drinking outcomes , have highlighted modes of coping [ 1 , 2 ] . these studies have explored behaviors which protect people from being psychologically harmed and cognitive appraisals... | research derived from the stress paradigm suggests that certain types of coping ( e.g. , problem - focused coping instead of behavioral disengagement ) are protective against problem - related drinking to deal with social stressors .
going beyond the typical focus in the coping literature , we hypothesize that stres... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
in a contemporary health - care environment characterized by rapidly changing developments and relentlessly increasing knowledge , professional nurses need to develop critical thinking ( ct ) skills that will provide them with expertise in flexible , individualized , situation - specific problem - solving .
ct has been... | introduction : concept map is a useful cognitive tool for enhancing a student 's critical thinking ( ct ) by encouraging students to process information deeply for understanding . however , the evidence regarding its effectiveness on nursing students ct is contradictory .
this paper compares the effectiveness of con... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
Design
Setting and sample
Intervention procedure
Critical thinking measurement
Ethical review
Data analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
Limitations
CONCLUSIONS
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
tumor - associated cell cycle defects , manifesting in unscheduled proliferation , and the associated genomic and chromosomal instabilities are mediated by misregulation of cyclin - dependent kinases ( cdks ) .
because of the main role in the division cycle , cdks have been recognized as targets for anticancer therapy ... | six organometallic complexes of the general formula [ miicl(6-p - cymene)(l)]cl , where m = ru ( 11a , 12a , 13a ) or os ( 11b , 12b , 13b ) and l = 3-(1h - benzimidazol-2-yl)-1h - pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines ( l1l3 ) have been synthesized .
the latter are known as potential cyclin - dependent kinase ( cdk ) inhibitors... | Introduction
Experimental Section
Results and Discussion
Conclusion |
between april 1999 and march 2001 , 32 ( 26 men and 6 women ; age range , 7 - 62 years ; mean age , 43 years ) of 195 patients who had undergone ldlt underwent 42 sessions of conventional arteriography in search of bleeding foci of arterial origin within 6 months of the operation .
arterial bleeding was suspected clini... | objectiveto analyze the causes of arterial bleeding after living donor liver transplantation ( ldlt ) and to evaluate the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization ( tae).materials and methodsforty - two sessions of conventional arteriography were performed in 32 of the 195 patients who underwent ldlt during the... | MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patient Population
Conventional Arteriography and Transcatheter Arterial Embolization
Analysis
RESULTS
Causes and Locations of Arterial Bleeding
Transcatheter Arterial Embolization
DISCUSSION |
delivery of exogenous nucleic acids such as dna into cells ( transfection ) holds great promise for disease prevention and therapy ( aka : gene therapy).(1 ) genetic material delivered into the cell modifies the function of such cells generally by altering the production of proteins .
the selection of appropriate dna c... | a new class of water - soluble c60 transfecting agents has been prepared using hirschbingel chemistry and assessed for their ability to act as gene - delivery vectors in vitro . in an effort to elucidate the relationship between the hydrophobicity of the fullerene core , the hydrophilicity of the water - solubilizing ... | Introduction
Experimental Section
Results and Discussion
Conclusion |
generalized anxiety disorder ( gad ) is a chronic disorder mainly characterized by pathological worry .
gad also presents with a variety of somatic and psychological symptoms such as restlessness , muscle tension , sleep disturbance , irritability , difficulty concentrating , and fatigue .
gad is one of the most preval... | objective : to elucidate the consequences of broadening dsm - iv criteria for generalized anxiety disorder ( gad ) , we examined prospectively the evolution of gad symptoms in two groups of patients ; one group diagnosed according to dsm - iv criteria and the other , according to broader criteria.method:multicentre , ... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
Study Design
Study Sample
Diagnostic Assessments
Clinical and Functional Outcome Measures
Statistical Analysis
RESULTS
Patient Characteristics
Treatment
Comorbidity
Reduction of Anxiety Symptoms After 6-Month Treatment and Severity of Illness
Functional Outcome Measures
DISCUSSIO... |
the generation of expressed sequence tags ( ests ) was originally proposed as a strategy for cdna characterization over a decade ago ( 1 ) .
subsequent improvements in sequencing methods and dramatically reduced unit costs have increased the attractiveness of the est - based research , such that it is now one of the mo... | orfpredictor is a web server designed for identifying protein - coding regions in expressed sequence tag ( est)-derived sequences . for query sequences with a hit in blastx ,
the program predicts the coding regions based on the translation reading frames identified in blastx alignments , otherwise , it predicts the ... | INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF THE ALGORITHM AND IMPLEMENTATION
Algorithm and implementation
Input
Output
EVALUATIONS OF ACCURACY
SUMMARY
Figures and Tables |
the rostral ventromedial medulla ( rvm ) is an important relay region that contributes to the descending pain control pathway from the periaqueductal gray ( pag ) to the superficial laminae ( laminae i and ii ) of the spinal cord [ 1 , 2 ] .
it is well known that the rvm is closely linked to long - lasting activation o... | the mammalian target of rapamycin ( mtor ) , a serine - threonine protein kinase , integrates extracellular signals , thereby modulating several physiological and pathological processes , including pain .
previous studies have suggested that rapamycin ( an mtor inhibitor ) can attenuate nociceptive behaviors in many... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
recent progress in our understanding of brain development has significantly altered concepts for treating neurodegenerative diseases , including those that affect the retina to cause blindness .
contrary to previous thought , it is now recognized that neurons are generated in the sub ventricular zone ( svz ) of the lat... | mller glia ( mg ) are the primary support cells in the vertebrate retina , regulating homeostasis in one of the most metabolically active tissues . in lower vertebrates such as fish
, they respond to injury by proliferating and reprogramming to regenerate retinal neurons . in mammals
, mg may also react to injury ... | Introduction
Neurogenic potentials of MG in mammals
Mechanisms underlying the neuroglial switch in the mammalian retina
Molecular axes involved in MG-mediated regeneration
Influences of the niche and how they are mediated
Markers of activated MG
Animal models for MG-mediated therapeutic regeneration
Conclusions |
the field of utility organometallics is increasingly turning to more complex mixed - metal systems to deliver superior results , whether this be for metal halogen exchange , alkylation , insertion , or the trapping of reactive intermediates . in theory
, mixed - metal reagents can offer more flexible , tunable solutio... | the surprising transformation of the saturated diamine ( ipr)nhch2ch2nh(ipr ) to the unsaturated diazaethene [ ( ipr)nch = chn(ipr)]2- via the synergic mixture nbum , ( tbu)2zn and tmeda ( where m = li , na ; tmeda = n , n , n,n-tetramethylethylenediamine ) has been investigated by multinuclear nmr spectroscopic studi... | Introduction
Results
Conclusion |
sterilization in orthodontics has repeatedly been discussed and emphasized in the dental literature.[16 ] the orthodontic personnel are at a great risk of various contagious diseases and hepatitis b , acquired immuno deficiency syndrome ( aids ) and herpes infections are some of the serious conditions encountered in an... | background : sterilization techniques could affect the characteristics of orthodontic wires .
the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of steam and dry heat sterilization techniques on load - deflection behavior of five types of -titanium alloy wires.materials and methods : the samples consisted of 30... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
Load-deflection characteristics of the five types of -Ti wires
Effect of sterilization process on loading and unloading characteristics of -Ti wires of various brands
BETA wires
RES and CNA wires
HONE wire
TMAL wires
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
the american marten ( martes americana ) is an arboreal mesocarnivore that ranges from the boreal forests of northern north america into coniferous and mixed coniferous / deciduous forests of the northern and northeastern united states , including the great lakes region ( clark et al . , 1987 ) .
the american marten w... | the american marten ( martes americana ) was reintroduced to both the upper ( up ) and northern lower peninsula ( nlp ) of michigan during the 20th century .
this is the first report of endoparasites of american marten from the nlp .
faeces from live - trapped american marten were examined for the presence of para... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
gemcitabine is a modified
cytidine analog having two fluorine atoms
at the 2-position in the deoxyribose sugar moiety ( scheme 1 ) . for nearly 20 years , it has been widely used
to treat specifically pancreatic cancer .
it has been proposed that gemcitabine inhibits
ribonucleotide reductase ( rnr ) activity as... | gemcitabine
is a modified cytidine analog having two fluorine atoms
at the 2-position of the ribose ring .
it has been proposed
that gemcitabine inhibits rnr activity by producing a c3
intermediate via direct h3-atom abstraction followed by loss
of hf to yield a c2 with 3-keto moiety .
direct
detection... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusion |
vascular diseases are among the most common causes of morbidity and mortality , and both number and severity of morbid vascular conditions increase with age . regulations of angiogenesis , coagulation , and inflammation are very important issues in vascular biology , both in normal physiology and pathology .
it is now ... | endothelial microparticles ( emps ) are complex vesicular structures that originate from plasma membranes of activated or apoptotic endothelial cells .
emps play a significant role in vascular function by altering the processes of inflammation , coagulation , and angiogenesis , and they are key players in the pathog... | 1. Introduction
2. Endothelial Microparticles and Factors That Stimulate Their Formation and Release
3. Endothelial Microparticles in Coagulation and Vascular Aging
4. Endothelial Microparticles in Inflammation
5. Endothelial Microparticles and Their Effect on Vascular Function in the Elderly
6. Endothelial Micropartic... |
one of them , adiponectin , also known as acrp30 , adipoq , gbp28 , and apm1 , was discovered by four independent research teams in 1995/1996 , [ 25 ] as the most abundant product of the adipose tissue .
the hormone is a 244-amino acid protein with 30 kda molecular weight that circulates in the serum in different multi... | adiponectin is an adipose - secreted hormone that regulates energy homeostasis and is also involved in the control of the reproductive system .
the goal of the present study was to investigate changes in adiponectin gene and protein expression in porcine ovarian structures during the oestrous cycle and to examine th... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
the knowledge of mechanical materials behaviour is of great importance particularly for some innovative engineering applications , which involve a single material , bimaterials , or multiple materials .
some bimaterials are obtained by means of a coating process and consist of coupled layers that may or may not contain... | the behaviour of materials is governed by the surrounding environment .
the contact area between the material and the surrounding environment is the likely spot where different forms of degradation , particularly rust , may be generated .
a rust prevention treatment , like bluing , inhibitors , humidity control , ... | 1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Material and Experimental Procedures
4. Simulation Procedure
5. Numerical Results and Discussion
6. Conclusion |
epilepsy is a common and serious chronic neurological disease that affects over 50 million people worldwide .
anti - epileptic drugs ( aeds ) are effective at controlling seizures in many patients , acting through a range of neuronal targets , including ion channels , neurotransmitter release , and receptor mechanisms.... | current anti - epileptic drugs ( aeds ) act on a limited set of neuronal targets , are ineffective in a third of patients with epilepsy , and do not show disease - modifying properties .
micrornas are small noncoding rnas that regulate levels of proteins by post - transcriptional control of mrna stability and trans... | Introduction
Results
Discussion
Materials and Methods
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest |
microglia account for approximately 10% of the adult brain cell population and represent the first and main form of immune defense in the central nervous system ( cns ; lawson et al .
microglia become activated and they can be identified and distinguished from their resting phenotype based on a combination of morpholog... | microglia constitute the main immune defense in the central nervous system . in response to neuronal injury ,
microglia become activated , acquire phagocytic properties , and release a wide range of pro - inflammatory mediators that are essential for the annihilation of the neuronal insult .
although the role of m... | Introduction
Parkinsons Disease and Related Disorders
Huntingtons Disease
Dementia
Multiple Sclerosis
New TSPO Ligands
Conclusion
Conflict of Interest Statement |
rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease affecting predominantly joints , synovial membranes , articular cartilages , and subchondral bones .
disease progression is attributed to increases in reactive oxygen species ( ros ) and oxidative stress ( os ) in the lesion sites .
proinflammatory ... | rheumatoid arthritis ( ra ) is a chronic inflammatory disease , leading to progressive destruction of joints and extra - articular tissues , including organs such as liver and spleen .
the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a potential immunomodulator , natural polyphenol n - feruloylserotonin ( n -... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions |
this retrospective observational study was approved by the western institutional review board ( olympia , washington , usa ) .
it complied with the health insurance portability and accountability act of 1996 and followed the tenets of the declaration of helsinki .
informed consent was obtained from the subjects after e... | purposehistologic details of progression routes to geographic atrophy ( ga ) in amd are becoming available through optical coherence tomography ( oct ) .
we studied the origins and evolution of an oct signature called plateau in eyes with ga and suggested a histologic correlate.methodsserial eye - tracked oct scans ... | Methods
Study Cohort
Imaging Protocol and Analysis
SD-OCT Terminology
Quantification of Volume Changes During Progression
Histology Study
Results
Patient Characteristics
Baseline Features
Characteristics Seen During Progression of Drusenoid PED into the Plateau
Changes in Volume of the Drusenoid PED and Plateau Signatu... |
during the past 2 decades , laparoscopic surgery has gained worldwide popularity resulting from its well - known characteristics of less postoperative pain , fewer complications , earlier discharge , and better cosmesis .
smaller skin incisions in laparoscopic surgery were related to fewer unwanted side effects , inclu... | background and objectives : keyless abdominal rope - lifting surgery is a novel , gasless , single - incision laparoscopic surgical technique . in this study we aimed to compare the postoperative pain from keyless abdominal rope - lifting surgery with carbon dioxide laparoscopy performed for benign ovarian cysts.metho... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
Keyless Abdominal Rope-Lifting Surgery
Abdominal access.
Rope-lifting process.
Wound closure.
CO
Statistical Analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
Principal Findings
Strengths of Study
Limitations of Study
Comparison With Previous Studies
CONCLUSION |
workers ' health may be protected by his / her own preventive behavior , despite numerous health hazards in the workplace .
however , worker behavior is constrained by various workplace pressures such as working conditions , including what is considered to be accepted working behavior and overall morale of the working ... | the management system of occupational diseases in korea can be assessed from the perspective of a surveillance system .
workers ' compensation insurance reports are used to produce official statistics on occupational diseases in korea .
national working conditions surveys are used to monitor the magnitude of work ... | INTRODUCTION
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIES IN KOREA
Workers' compensation insurance report
National survey report
HEALTH EXAMINATION SYSTEM
MONITORING SYSTEM FOR WORKER HAZARD EXPOSURE
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
their marbling has been increased over many decades to meet domestic consumer preferences . in both countries ,
highly marbled beef is greatly prized for traditional meat cooking methods such as sukiyaki for japanese and gogigui for korean . because of these demands , the use of heifers and steers instead of bulls , in... | this review addresses the characteristics and health benefit of highly marbled wagyu and hanwoo beef .
marbling of wagyu and hanwoo beef has been increased in japan and korea to meet domestic consumer preferences .
wagyu and hanwoo cattle have high potential of accumulating intramuscular fat ( imf ) and producing ... | Introduction
Wagyu and Hanwoo Cattle
Carcass Grading of Wagyu and Hanwoo
Marbling of Wagyu and Hanwoo Beef
Fatty Acid Composition of Wagyu and Hanwoo Beef
Health Implications of Highly Marbled Wagyu and Hanwoo Beef
Conclusions |
parental drug misuse and its effects on children and families are policy priorities in the uk and elsewhere ( flavin & paltrow , 2010 ; hm government , 2010 ) .
polydrug use is the norm among drug users in the uk , and benzodiazepine use is common ( bird & robertson , 2011 ; department of health ( england ) , 2007 ; ha... | aimsto explore the ways in which opioid - dependent parents accounted for their use of opioids and benzodiazepines during and after pregnancy.methodslongitudinal qualitative interviews [ n = 45 ] with 19 opioid - dependent adults recruited in scotland , uk , were held during the antenatal and post - natal period .
... | Introduction
Methods
Study design and setting
Recruitment, sample and data collection
Analysis
Ethics
Findings
Benzodiazepine and opioid use for normality and normal life.
Therapeutic qualities of benzodiazepine and opioid use
Benzodiazepines: mothers little helper; fathers ruin?
Discussion
Limitations
Conclusion |
compounds 14 , 7 , 8 , and 11 were
synthesized following our previously reported synthetic routes .
saturated derivatives 5 and 6 , unique to this work , were synthesized via the hydrogenation
of diastereomers 1 and 2 , respectively .
palmyrolide alcohol ( 9 ) and acid ( 10 )
were
prepared exploiting the known ... | a small library of synthetic ( )-palmyrolide
a diastereomers ,
analogues , and acyclic precursors have been examined with respect
to their interaction with voltage - gated sodium channels ( vgscs ) . toward
this goal ,
the ability of ( )-palmyrolide a and analogues to
antagonize veratridine - stimulated na... | Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Experimental Section |
trigeminal neuralgia ( tn ) is a disorder of cranial nerve ( cn ) v that results in severe episodes of shock - like or lancinating pain in one or more of its three divisions ( v1v3 ) .
idiopathic tn and cases due to vascular compression of cn v are categorized as classical tn .
patients diagnosed with symptomatic tn ex... | since its introduction by leksell , gamma knife radiosurgery ( gkrs ) has become increasingly popular as a management approach for patients diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia ( tn ) .
for this reason , we performed a modern review of the literature analyzing the efficacy of gkrs in the treatment of patients who suf... | 1. Introduction
2. Review of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia
3. Treatment Planning and Methods
4. Conclusions |
drywood termites cause significant damage to wood in structures in the united states , with two species , incisitermes minor ( hagen ) and cryptotermes brevis ( walker ) , being responsible for the majority of damage ( su and scheffrahn , 1990 ; grace , 2009 ) .
the economic cost of control and repair of damage is seco... | hydrocarbon mixtures extracted from fecal pellets of drywood termites are species - specific and can be characterized to identify the termites responsible for damage , even when termites are no longer present or are unable to be recovered easily . in structures infested by drywood termites , it is common to find fecal... | Introduction
Methods and Materials
Results and Discussion |
there
is a need for computer methods that can calculate the aqueous solvation
free energies of solute molecules accurately and efficiently .
explicit - solvent models provide a physically
accurate and atomistically detailed model of solvent , but they can
be computationally expensive .
boltzmann
( pb ) , gene... | previous
work describes a computational solvation model called semi - explicit
assembly ( sea ) .
the sea water model computes the free energies of
solvation of nonpolar and polar solutes in water with good efficiency
and accuracy .
however , sea gives systematic errors in the solvation
free energies of ... | Introduction
Theory and Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusions |
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( ssris ) , serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors , and noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants are categorized as first - line treatments in many countries , including japan.1,2 thus , health care providers have the opportunity to choose an antidepress... | backgroundapproved doses of antidepressants in japan are usually lower than those in the usa and european union , but to date meta - analyses comparing antidepressants have all used the higher doses approved in the usa and european union and often have used indirect comparisons .
the purpose of this study was to con... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Study selection and data collection
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient demographics and disposition
Efficacy comparison using HAMD
Response
Remission
Safety
Discussion
Limitations
Conclusion |
we all have a very different understanding of how we define a need for help .
this is most clearly felt when encountering individuals who , despite outside temperatures below zero , prefer sleeping rough in the street over the warm place in an overnight homeless shelter that a social worker or other care worker has o... | this paper examines the new teaching concept providing medical care on the fringe of society : participant observation and change in perspectives in the context of the interdisciplinary field of querschnittsbereich 2/q 2 ( the transdisciplinary section under ao , the german regulations for licensed physicians ) that... | Introduction
Project description
Implementation
Evaluation
Discussion
Acknowledgement
Competing interests |
in the recent millennium , the constant trend of change in the demands of the community as well as transforming the trend of knowledge production has highlighted the necessity for researchers to adopt a more comprehensive approach .
increasingly , many academic disciplines are utilizing qualitative research ( qr ) as t... | considering the nature of qualitative studies , the interaction between researchers and participants can be ethically challenging for the former , as they are personally involved in different stages of the study .
therefore , formulation of specific ethical guidelines in this respect seems to be essential .
the pr... | Introduction
An overview on qualitative research in health care
Role of researchers in qualitative studies
Ethical challenges in qualitative studies:
The researcher-participant relationship
Research design
Data gathering and data analysis
Conclusion |
crh is a 41-amino - acid peptide hormone synthesized in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus .
its function in the central nervous system is to stimulate the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal ( hpa ) axis as part of the stress response .
crh is also produced in peripheral tissues including the placenta of h... | corticotropin releasing hormone ( crh ) production by the human placenta increases exponentially as pregnancy advances , and the rate of increase predicts gestational length .
crh gene expression is regulated by camp in trophoblasts through a cyclic amp - response element ( cre ) , which changes its transcription fa... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
the three compounds lincomycin ( a natural antibiotic produced by streptomyces lincolnensis and discovered in 1961 ) , clindamycin , and pirlimycin ( two semi - synthetic derivatives of lincomycin ) comprise a group of clinically important antibiotics known as lincosamides . the structure of lincomycin ( fig .
1a ) ca... | lincosamides are a class of antibiotics used both in clinical and veterinary practice for a wide range of pathogens .
this group of drugs inhibits the activity of the bacterial ribosome by binding to the 23s rna of the large ribosomal subunit and blocking protein synthesis .
currently , three x - ray structures of... | Introduction
Computational details
Results and discussion
Conformational analysis
Natural bond analysis
Atoms in Molecules analysis
NMR chemical shifts
Conclusions |
the rising prevalence of alzheimer s disease and related dementias ( henceforth referred to as dementia ) is emerging as a leading global health system challenge .
effective early diagnosis and management models are required to mitigate its impact on patients , caregivers , and health - care systems . enhancing primary... | backgroundprimary care - based memory clinics ( pcmcs ) have been established in several jurisdictions to improve the care for persons with alzheimer s disease and related dementias .
we sought to identify key quality indicators ( qis ) , quality improvement mechanisms , and potential barriers and facilitators to th... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
Protocol and Process
Data Collection
Data Analysis
RESULTS
Respondent Comments
1. Need for and Relevance of Quality Assurance for Dementia Care
2. Collaboration and Role Clarity
3. Process of QA Framework Implementation in PCMCs
DISCUSSION
Limitations of the Study
CONCLUSIONS |
copd is a common , usually progressive disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways and persistent airflow limitation .
its prevalence is increasing worldwide , and it is expected to be the third largest global cause of mortality by the year 2030.1 in japan , a large epidemiological study ( the nippon c... | backgroundthe incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( copd ) is increasing worldwide . in japan and other countries ,
epidemiological studies have found that many patients with copd are underdiagnosed and untreated , and thus , early detection and treatment of copd has been emphasized .
screening ques... | Introduction
Methods
Study population
Study design
COPD-PS
IPAG questionnaire
Statistical analysis
Results
Participant characteristics
Discriminating subjects with and without AO
Discussion
Conclusion |
personalized medicine is defined by the use of genomic signatures of patients to assign effective therapies in order to achieve the best medical outcomes for individual patients , thus improving public health . despite the variety of clinical , morphological , and molecular parameters
used to classify human malignancie... | numerous studies have demonstrated sex differences in drug reactions to the same drug treatment , steering away from the traditional view of one - size - fits - all medicine .
a premise of this study is that the sex of a patient influences difference in disease characteristics and risk factors . in this study , we i... | 1. Introduction
2. Method for Identifying Sex-Specific Predictive/Prognostic Genomic Biomarkers
3. Results: Identification and Evaluation of Predictive/Prognostic Genomic Biomarkers
4. Discussion and Conclusions |
inadequate organization has been identified as an important cause of inappropriate courses of treatment for patients in the health care system [ 1 , 2 ] .
a response to this challenge has been to focus on integrated health care and co - ordination between the actors involved in the process [ 37 ] .
an illustrative exam... | objectivesthe aim of follow - up visits by the general practitioner and district nurse ( within a week after discharge from hospital ) is to reduce hospital readmissions and improve the overall wellbeing of the patient .
there is strong evidence that these programmes are effective , but are difficult to implement be... | Introduction
Theoretical framework
Methodology
Results
Relevance of collaboration
Benefits from collaboration
Discussion
The focus of collaboration
A partnership of equals
The will to co-operate
Conclusions
Reviewers |
alzheimer s disease ( ad ) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder starting with mild memory loss and manifesting in severe cognitive decline .
neuropathologically , the disease is characterized by an extensive deposition of amyloid ( a ) peptides in extracellular amyloid plaques and by intracellular neurofibrilla... | alzheimer s disease ( ad ) is one key medical challenge of the aging society and despite a great amount of effort and a huge collection of acquired data on molecular mechanisms that are associated with the onset and progression of this devastating disorder , no causal therapy is in sight .
the two main hypotheses of... | Introduction
Maintenance of Proteostasis via Molecular Chaperones: the First Line of Defense Against Protein Misfolding
Molecular Chaperones Get in Touch with the Protein Degradation Machineries
Proteostasis and AD
Chaperones and AD
UbiquitinProteasome System and AD
Autophagy and AD
Outlook |
folic acid modification of magnetic nanoparticles could be used to facilitate uptake to specific cancer cells for cancer therapy and diagnosis .
our results showed that the uptake of folic - acid modified nanoparticles by 5rp7 cancer cells was also much higher than that of 3t3 cells .
this modification can be used for ... | background : magnetic nanoparticles show great promise for use as tools in a wide variety of biomedical applications .
the purpose of this study was to investigate the potential effects of methacrylamido - folic acid ( ma - fol)-modified magnetic nanoparticles on 5rp7 ( h - ras - transformed rat embryonic fibroblast... | Results:
Introduction
Materials and methods
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles with Ma-Fol
Cell culture
Flow cytometry
Transmission electron microscopic analysis
Results and discussion
Conclusion |
in modern society , health is a n important component , which requires sustained development ( 1 ) . in recent decades
, a person s health has become one of the most important human rights among social groups throughout the world ( 2 ) .
the meaning of health has been extended beyond borders , and different definitions... | introductionhealth is an exclusive and subjective phenomenon , and one of the most important situations with regard to perception of health , arises when patients suffer from a chronic disease.this study was conducted within the qualitative research framework and aimed to explore the meanings of health as perceived by... | 1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Data collection
2.4. Rigor
2.5. Ethical Considerations
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The syndrome of the healthy body and the happy heart
3.2. Life without compulsory limitations
3.3. Exalted spirituality
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
the study included 340 whites from italy with type 2 diabetes ( according to american diabetes association 2003 criteria ) and coronary artery disease ( cad ) , as indicated by previous myocardial infarction ( mi ) or > 50% stenosis of at least one major vessel at coronary angiography , or both .
these individuals were... | objectiveinsulin resistance ( ir ) and cardiovascular disease may share a common genetic background .
we investigated the role of ir - associated enpp1 k121q polymorphism ( rs1044498 ) on cardiovascular disease in high - risk individuals.research design and methodsa prospective study ( average follow - up , 37 month... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Study participants
Prospective studies.
Cross-sectional study of age at MI.
Data collection.
Genotyping.
Statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Characteristics of cohort members at baseline.
None
Interaction between Q121 variant and obesity in predicting major cardiovascular events.
Interaction betwe... |
alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) is a common neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system .
the pathological features of ad include senile plaques formed by extracellular amyloid ( a ) aggregation , neurofibrillary tangles formed by abnormal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein , synaptic impairments ... | background : amyloid ( a ) deposits and the endoplasmic reticulum stress ( ers ) are both well established in the development and progression of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) .
however , the mechanism and role of a-induced ers in ad - associated pathological progression remain to be elucidated.methods:the five famili... | I
M
Animal feeding and grouping
Behavior analysis
Immunohistochemistry
Immunocytochemistry
Western blots
Statistical analysis
R
Increased amyloid induces the declined cognition in 7-month-old five familial Alzheimer's disease mice and the loss of neurons in the frontal cortex of the 12-month-old ones
Anti-apoptotic fa... |
cvds are the leading causes of death in diabetic patients and the substantial rise in diabetes prevalence will ultimately lead to an increase in the burden of diabetes - related cvd in coming decades . among the cardiovascular diseases ,
ischemic heart disease is the most frequent [ 5 , 6 ] and is associated with the... | backgroundthe influence of diabetes mellitus on myocardial ischemic preconditioning is not clearly defined .
experimental studies are conflicting and human studies are scarce and inconclusive.objectivesidentify whether diabetes mellitus intervenes on ischemic preconditioning in symptomatic coronary artery disease pa... | Background
Methods
Study design
Patients
Sequential treadmill exercise tests
Sample size calculation
Statistical analysis
Results
Demonstration of IP
Analyses of secondary ergometric variables
Analysis of glycemic variables
Discussion
Study limitations and strengths
Clinical practice perspectives
Conclusions |
recently
we reported on an analysis of the infrared spectrum of
c2f4 . by observation
of many combination and difference bands , including many from two c - containing isotopologues , and by comparison with mp2 and
density - functional calculations , all 12 fundamentals could be assigned ,
although only five ... | compared to ethylene and its nonfluorinated
derivatives , c2f4 is peculiar in many reactions .
it very easily
adds to radicals and prefers formation of four - membered rings over
diels alder reactions .
this has been rationalized by the preference
of fluorine for carbon sp3 hybridization , which is poss... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
environmental factors play a major role in the etiology of cancers , cardiovascular disease , and other chronic diseases .
these factors are diverse in nature and include diet , drugs , cosmetics , household chemicals , pollutants , or infectious agents .
exposures to these factors vary widely between populations , and... | exposome - explorer ( http://exposome-explorer.iarc.fr ) is the first database dedicated to biomarkers of exposure to environmental risk factors .
it contains detailed information on the nature of biomarkers , their concentrations in various human biospecimens , the study population where measured and the analytical... | INTRODUCTION
DATA COLLECTION
DATA COMPILATION
QUERYING THE DATABASE
DATABASE IMPLEMENTATION
DATA STATISTICS
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS
FUNDING |
the aspergilli are filamentous fungi , which are multicellular eukaryotes with a relatively simple life cycle .
many of them have long been used in food production , industrial fermentation , and agriculture . on the other hand , a few , such as a. fumigatus , a. flavus , a. niger , a. nidulans , and a. terreus , are o... | glycosylation is a conserved posttranslational modification that is found in all eukaryotes , which helps generate proteins with multiple functions .
our knowledge of glycosylation mainly comes from the investigation of the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian cells .
however , during the last decade , gly... | 1. Introduction
2. Cell Wall Organization and Its Compensatory Mechanism in
3. Importance of Glycosylation in
4. Biosynthesis and Function of N-Glycosylation in
5. Biosynthesis and Function of O-Glycosylation
6. Biosynthesis and Function of GPI Anchoring in
7. Outlook |
coronary artery disease ( cad ) remains the principal cause of mortality and morbidity around the world [ 1 , 2 ] .
although the mechanisms are still not entirely resolved , previous studies have demonstrated that an imbalance between t - helper 1- ( th1- ) mediated and th2-mediated immune functions contributes to the ... |
background .
recently , several studies suggest that galectin-9 ( gal-9 ) might play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases .
however , the exact role of gal-9 in atherosclerosis remains to be elucidated .
methods .
serum gal-9 , high - sensitivity c - reactive protein ( hs - crp ) , inter... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
clozapine remains an ultimate option for patients with treatment resistant schizophrenia ( kane 2012 ) .
efficacy of clozapine against positive symptoms of schizophrenia was confirmed in numerous studies and meta - analyses ( chakos et al .
2001 ) , including analysis published by the cochrane library ( asenjo lobos et... | aim : agouti - related peptide ( agrp ) is one of the hypothalamic hormones that works by increasing appetite and decreasing metabolism , thus leading to weight gain .
the aim of the study was to find out if agrp level in subjects with schizophrenia on clozapine monotherapy is higher compared with healthy controls .... | Introduction
Material and methods
Results
Discussion |
echocardiographic measurements were performed in 19992001 ( baseline ) and 20072009 ( follow - up ) examinations of the hoorn study .
the hoorn study is a population - based cohort study on glucose metabolism and cardiovascular diseases , previously described in detail ( 10 ) . at baseline , 290 individuals with normal... | objectiveto investigate relative contributions of glucose status and arterial stiffness to markers of left ventricular ( lv ) systolic and diastolic dysfunction after 8 years of follow-up.research design and methodsin the population - based prospective hoorn study , 394 individuals with preserved lv systolic and diast... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Echocardiography
Arterial stiffness
Reproducibility
Other baseline measurements
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
Glucose status
Arterial stiffness
Combined influence of glucose status and arterial stiffness
CONCLUSIONS
Glucose status
Arterial stiffness
Combined influence of glucose status and ar... |
female sex workers ( fsws ) are at high risk of hiv infection and transmission .
a systematic review conducted in over 25 countries with medium and high hiv prevalence indicated that 36.9% of sex workers in sub - saharan africa were hiv positive with some countries having hiv prevalence as high as 70.7% . despite this ... |
introduction .
while four in ten female sex workers ( fsws ) in sub - saharan africa are infected with hiv , only a small proportion is enrolled in hiv care .
we explored facilitators and barriers to linkage to hiv care among fsws receiving hiv testing services at a community - based organization in periurban ug... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
for patients with operable breast cancer , the major prognostic determinant is whether there has or has not been spread to the axilla and the number of involved axillary nodes .
initially it was suggested that breast cancer first spreads locoregionally via lymphatics to the axillary lymph nodes and then metastasises mo... | sentinel lymph node biopsy ( slnb ) is a safe and accurate minimally invasive method for detecting axillary lymph node ( aln ) involvement in the clinically negative axilla thereby reducing morbidity in patients who avoid unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection ( alnd ) .
although current guidelines recommend com... | 1. Introduction
2. Current Guidelines
3. Micrometastases and Isolated Tumour Cells (ITCs)
4. Completion ALND and Micrometastases
5. Completion Axillary Lymph Node Dissection in SLN Macrometastases
6. Predictive Models
7. One-Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA)
8. Conclusions |
the construct of unintended pregnancies ( ups ) is multifactorial and broadly encompasses pregnancies that are either unwanted or mistimed.1 in many instances , ups are likely to end by induced abortion ; worldwide estimates suggest that 50% will be voluntarily terminated.2 in 2008 , it was estimated that 43.8 million ... | backgroundunintended pregnancy ( up ) is an unmet medical need with consequences worldwide .
we evaluate the costs of up based on pregnancies in brazil from for the year 2010.methodsthe consequences of up were evaluated using decision analysis based on pregnancy rates and outcomes as miscarriage , induced abortion ,... | Introduction
Methods
Model description
Data source and analysis
Cost resources
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Implications |
approximately 30% of women have sustained at least 1 vertebral fracture by the age of 75 .
these fractures are an important and common cause of morbidity in osteoporotic patients ; moreover , fractures evidenced both clinically and at radiographic examination are associated with an increased mortality rate .
back pain ... | summarybackgroundwe studied the use of teriparatide in postmenopausal women with severe osteoporosis.material/methodstwo groups ( a and b ) of patients affected by severe osteoporosis ( t - score 2.5 at bone mineral density were analyzed and 2 vertebral fractures on radiograph).group a was treated for 18 months with 2... | Background
Material and Methods
Results
Markers of bone turnover
Bone mineral density
X-ray evaluation
Adverse events
Quality of life
Discussion
Conclusions |
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