article stringlengths 17.4k 334k | abstract stringlengths 112 2.97k | section_names stringlengths 9 818 |
|---|---|---|
multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a chronic idiopathic disorder of the central nervous system ( cns ) sustained by a multifocal inflammatory process predominantly affecting myelin - sheathed axons .
although traditionally viewed as a white matter ( wm ) demyelinating disorder , ms is characterized by acute and chronic axona... | multiple sclerosis ( ms ) is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system ( cns ) in which the complex interplay between inflammation and neurodegeneration determines varying degrees of neurological disability .
for this reason , it is very difficult to express an accurate prognosis based on purely clinical info... | 1. Introduction
2. Clinical and Paraclinical Markers of Disability Progression
3. MRI Markers of Disability Progression
4. CSF Markers of Progression
5. Conclusive Remarks |
we assumed a monopolar spherical electrode in an infinite homogeneous extracellular medium with a resistivity of e=300 cm . under quasi - static conditions
the extracellular potentials ve along the rectified neuron was calculated by ve=eiel/4r , where r is the distance from a compartment to the electrode radiating a mo... | low current cortex stimulation produces a sparse and distributed set of activated cells often with distances of several hundred micrometers between cell bodies and the microelectrode .
a modeling study based on recently measured densities of high threshold sodium channels nav1.2 in dendrites and soma and low thresho... | Experimental procedures
Results
Discussion |
integrated care is a common concern for health and social care systems throughout the world .
the definition that is used in this study describes integrated care as the .co - ordinated set of services which are planned , managed and delivered to individual service users across a range of organisations and by a range ... | objectivesin this paper , integrated care in an inter - organisational cooperative setting of in - home elderly care is studied .
the aim is to explore how home care workers coordinate their daily work , identify coordination issues in situ and discuss possible actions for supporting seamless and integrated elderly ... | Introduction
Theoretical framework: cooperative work and coordination
Methodology: the ethnographic workplace study
Results: coordination in situ
Planning the process
Coordination during home care
Discussion: integrated care in the daily work
Organisational boundaries
Distributed coordination
Coordination and cooperati... |
aspergillus species are ascomycetes that are classified in the form subdivision deuteromycotina , as many of them do not show a sexual reproductive phase .
generally , they are common ubiquitous saprophytes in soil and on dead organic substrates . being classic opportunistic pathogens , invasive infections by aspergi... | invasive aspergillosis shows a high mortality rate particularly in immunocompromised patients . perpetually increasing numbers of affected patients highlight the importance of a clearer understanding of interactions between innate immunity and fungi .
innate immunity is considered to be the most significant host def... | 1.
2. Complement: An Innate and Sophisticated Antimicrobial Defence Mechanism
3. Complement Activation by
4. Complement Exerts Antimicrobial Functions against Invasive
5.
6. Therapeutic Approaches: What Can We Learn from the Conflict between
7. Summary and Conclusion |
isolation of rat brain mitochondria all procedures involving
animals were approved by the children 's hospital of pittsburgh ( animal
protocol number chp upmc arcc 1805 ) and were in compliance with
principles of laboratory animal care and current laws of the united states .
rat brain mitochondria were iso... | reactive oxygen species ( ros ) generation in mitochondria as a side product
of electron and proton transport through the inner membrane is important for
normal cell operation as well as development of pathology . matrix and cytosol
alkalization stabilizes semiquinone radical , a potential superoxide producer... | EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
obesity has become a heavy public health problem in the united states , with a prevalence among adults increasing to 32% from 13% between the 1960s and 2004 .
currently , 66% of adults and 16% of children and adolescents are overweight or obese .
although obesity has long been recognized as an independent risk factor f... | obesity - related glomerulopathy is an increasing cause of end - stage renal disease .
obesity has been considered a state of chronic low - grade systemic inflammation and chronic oxidative stress .
augmented inflammation in adipose and kidney tissues promotes the progression of kidney damage in obesity .
adipos... | 1. Introduction
2. Inflammation in Obesity-Related Glomerulopathy
3. Oxidative Stress in Obesity-Related Glomerulopathy
4. Potential Interventions to Prevent Renal Injury
5. Conclusion |
in recent years , nanoparticles
have been used increasingly for
biomedical applications , including drug or gene delivery , imaging ,
sensing , or photothermal therapy . in particular ,
gold nanoparticles ( nps ) have been suggested as highly
useful sensitizing agents in phototherapy due to their unique size
... | the
formation of singlet oxygen by irradiation of gold nanoparticles
in their plasmon resonance band with continuous or pulsed laser light
has been investigated .
citrate - stabilized nanoparticles were found
to facilitate the photogeneration of singlet oxygen , albeit with low
quantum yield .
the reacti... | Introduction
Experimental Section
Results and Discussion
Conclusions |
the whole school , whole community , whole child ( wscc ) model ( figure 1 ) , developed by ascd ( formerly the association for supervision and curriculum development ) and the us centers for disease control ( cdc ) , provides a framework and a call for the health and education sectors to work toward greater alignment ... | backgroundthe whole school , whole community , whole child ( wscc ) model calls for greater collaboration across the community , school , and health sectors to meet the needs and support the full potential of each child .
this article reports on how 3 states and 2 local school districts have implemented aspects of t... | Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model
METHODS
RESULTS
Applying the WSCC Model at the State Level
Arkansas
Kentucky
Colorado
Applying the WSCC Model at the Local Level
Maine Regional School Unit #22
Denver Public Schools
IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH
Human Subjects Approval Statement |
how does the pattern of retinal activity produced by looking at the image of halle berry ultimately lead to the perception of the actress rather than a violin ? how do the myriad different associations with halle berry ( actress , specific roles ) or violin ( inanimate object , music ) form through learning and memory ... | the use of molecular tools to study the neurobiology of complex behaviors has been hampered by an inability to target the desired changes to relevant groups of neurons .
specific memories and specific sensory representations are sparsely encoded by a small fraction of neurons embedded in a sea of morphologically and... | Introduction
Circuits and Representations
Linking Neural Activity to Molecular Change
Driving Memories into Specific Neural Ensembles
Altering Activated Neural Ensembles
Synaptic Tagging
New Directions and New Questions
Conflict of Interest Statement |
regulation of gene expression is one of the most enigmatic facets of molecular genetics that results in intricate appearance of a biological entity .
scientists have been attempting to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression for long and the radical discovery of regulatory function of endogenous small no... | micrornas play a pivotal role in regulating a broad range of biological processes , acting by cleaving mrnas or by translational repression .
a group of plant micrornas are evolutionarily conserved ; however , others are expressed in a species - specific manner .
jute is an agroeconomically important fibre crop ; ... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods and Materials
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
pulmonary hypertension ( ph ) is predominantly defined by a mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest greater than or equal to 25 mm hg .
it is an enigmatic vascular disease and the pathogenesis of ph is multifactorial of origin and , hence , is categorized as idiopathic type [ 14 ] . as ph develops in a wide variety of... | micrornas ( mirnas ) have emerged as a new class of posttranscriptional regulators of many cardiac and vascular diseases .
they are a class of small , noncoding rnas that contributes crucial roles typically through binding of the 3-untranslated region of mrna .
a single mirna may influence several signaling pathwa... | 1. Introduction
2. miRNA Biogenesis
3. Key miRNA in the Pathogenesis of PH
4. miRNA in PASMCs Plasticity in PH
5. miRNA as Therapeutic Target for PH
6. Can Circulatory miRNA Be Used as a Biomarker in PH?
7. Conclusion |
coronary artery bypass grafting ( cabg ) is considered to be the gold standard in patients with multivessel disease and remains the treatment of choice for patients with severe coronary artery disease , including three - vessel or left main coronary artery disease .
the use of cabg , as compared with both percutaneou... | the hybrid approach to multivessel coronary artery disease combines surgical left internal thoracic artery ( lita ) to left anterior
descending coronary artery ( lad ) bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention of the remaining lesions .
ideally , the lita to lad bypass graft is
performed in a mini... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Outline and Interpretation of the Results of HCR
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
globally four million deaths occur every year in the first month of life . almost all
( 99% ) neonatal deaths arise in low - income and middle - income countries [ 1 , 2 ] . in india alone , around one million babies die each year before they complete their first month of life , contributing to one - fourth of the glob... | the neonatal mortality rate in india is amongst the highest in the world and skewed towards rural areas .
nonavailability of trained manpower along with poor healthcare infrastructure is one of the major hurdles in ensuring quality neonatal care .
we reviewed case studies and relevant literature from low and middl... | 1. The Scale of the Problem of Neonatal Deaths in India
2. Healthcare Scenario in Rural India
3. Key Initiatives to Improve Neonatal Health by the Government of India
4. Immediate Challenges
5. Way Forward
6. Conclusions
Key Note |
systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) is an autoimmune disease of connective tissue involving multiple organs .
it is currently accepted that there are several genetic , environmental , and hormonal factors responsible for complex immunological disorders contributing to its development .
recent studies have shown that a... | systemic lupus erythematosus ( sle ) is an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology .
the results of experimental studies point to the involvement of innate immunity receptors toll - like receptors ( tlr)in the pathogenesis of the disease .
the aim of the study was to assess the expression of tlr3 , 7 , and 9 in t... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoan , infecting a large range of mammals . in cattle ,
several studies focussing on the specific immune response to n. caninum in cattle have shown that the time of gestation is important with regard to the outcome of the infection .
proinflammatory cytokines , produced by ly... | c57bl/6 , balb / c , and cba / ca mouse strains with different mhc - i haplotypes were compared with respect to susceptibility to neospora caninum infection .
groups of 5 mice received 1 106 , 5 106 , or 25 106 tachyzoites of the nc - liverpool isolate by intraperitoneal injection and were observed for disease sy... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
heart disease , including coronary heart disease , cardiomyopathy , and heart failure , causes functional deterioration and/or failure as well as myocardial cell death .
it is one of the leading causes of death in advanced countries because adult cardiomyocytes are highly differentiated and have a limited regene... | the p19cl6 cell line is a useful model to study cardiac differentiation in vitro .
however , large variations were noticed in the differentiation rates among previous reports as well as our individual experiments . to overcome the unstable differentiation , we established p19cl6-a1 , a new clonal derivative of p19cl... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussions |
in the united states , insufficient participation in leisure time physical activity constitutes a major threat to public health .
recent estimates suggest that 25% of americans do not engage in any physical activity at all .
even those engaging in physical activity are usually not doing so at recommended levels . in or... |
objective . to determine whether genetic variants suggested by the literature to be associated with physiology and fitness phenotypes predicted differential physiological and subjective responses to a bout of aerobic exercise among inactive but otherwise healthy adults
. method .
participants completed a 30-minu... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
dental implants are now a reliable solution for the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of partially and completely edentulous patients ; this has been demonstrated by long - term clinical trials , with survival rates of greater than 95% [ 13 ] . in order to achieve long - term survival , osseointegration of the den... |
aim . to investigate whether there is a correlation between early dental implant failure and low serum levels of vitamin d. methods .
all patients treated with dental implants in a single centre , in the period 20032015 , were considered for enrollment in this study .
the main outcome was early implant failure .... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
epilepsy is generally deemed intractable or refractory to treatment if the use of two or more appropriately chosen antiepileptic drugs ( aeds ) fails to adequately control seizures .
the aeds in question must be at the maximum tolerated doses , at a sufficient therapeutic level and not be discontinued due to side effec... | it is currently estimated that about 20%30% of adults and 10%40% of children diagnosed with epilepsy suffer from uncontrolled or poorly controlled seizures , despite optimal medical management .
in addition to its huge economic costs , treatment - refractory epilepsy has a widespread impact on patients health - rela... | Introduction
Pharmacological Options
Non-Pharmacological Options
Surgery
Neurostimulation
Metabolic treatment
Herbal remedies
Conclusions |
in august of 2005 , hurricane katrina devastated the new orleans area with high wind , heavy rainfall , and a storm surge of about 7 m which caused the collapse of the levee system surrounding the city .
approximately 80% of the city was flooded to varying depths for many weeks before the us army corps of engineers wa... |
background .
this study examines prevalence of respiratory conditions in new orleans - area restoration workers after hurricane katrina . methods . between 2007 and 2010 ,
spirometry and respiratory health and occupational questionnaire were administered to 791 new orleans - area adults who mostly worked in the ... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods and Materials
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
to reproduce highly esthetic tooth - colored fixed dental prostheses , computer aided design / computer aided manufacturing ( cad / cam ) techniques are becoming frequently used . since the commercial introduction of polymeric blanks into the dental market , cad /
paul , mn , usa ) are innovative new cad / cam material... | background : the purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different luting protocols on shear bond strength of computer aided design / computer aided manufacturing ( cad / cam ) resin nanoceramic ( rnc ) material to dentin.materials and methods : in this in vitro study , 30 disks were milled from r... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Specimens preparation
Cementation procedures
Shear bond strength test
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
there is both growing recognition and scientific evidence that interventions of physical activity and exercise programs ( paeps ) have a favorable impact on patients with psychiatric disorders.17 these findings have been reported among groups of patients with major depressive disorders ( mdds),6,8,9 schizophrenia,10,11... | backgroundphysical activity and exercise programs ( paeps ) are an important factor in increasing and maintaining physical and mental health .
this holds particularly true for patients with psychiatric disorders undergoing treatment in a psychiatric hospital . to understand whether the benefits reported in the liter... | Introduction
Methods
Sampling
Online survey
Questionnaire
Statistical analysis
Results
Part 1: general information about the psychiatric hospital
Part 2: PAEPs
Part 3: impact of PAEPs on patients status and aftercare
Part 4: personal skills and knowledge
Part 5: reasons to offer PAEPs
Part 6: main treatment regimen
Par... |
as the silver tsunami continues through the us and globally , the number of drivers over the age of 75 will increase significantly . as of 2012 , there were 36 million older americans licensed to drive , which was a 34% increase from 1999 .
accidents or unintentional injuries are the 7th leading cause of death in perso... | as the silver tsunami continues , assessing and intervening with older adult drivers are becoming an essential aspect of the comprehensive geriatric exam . the current lack of time efficient clinical guidelines is a concern and barrier for nps .
the purpose of this study was to identify strategies currently used by ... | 1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Methods
4. Results
5. Critical Incident Analysis
6. Discussion
7. Clinical Implications
8. Conclusion |
leukotrienes ( lts ) , first described by samuelsson 's group [ 1 , 2 ] , are a class of lipid mediators involved in several diseases but classically known for their effects on asthma and allergy .
the generation of leukotrienes ( lts ) is dependent upon the action of 5-lipoxygenase ( 5-lo ) in association with membran... | leukotrienes ( lts ) , formed by the 5-lipoxygenase-(5-lo- ) catalyzed oxidation of arachidonic acid , are lipid mediators that have potent proinflammatory activities .
pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of 5-lo biosynthesis in animals is associated with increased mortality and impaired clearance of bacteria , fung... | 1. Introduction
2. Leukotrienes and Protozoan Infection
3. 3. Leukotrienes and Helminthic Infections
4. Conclusion |
the term replication stress describes the slowing or stalling of replication forks by endogenously or exogenously derived impediments to dna polymerization ( zeman and cimprich , 2014 ) .
replication stressors can be local factors , such as dna damage or secondary structures that affect forks randomly as they are enco... | summarynucleotide pool imbalance has been proposed to drive genetic instability in cancer . here , we show that slowing replication forks by depleting nucleotide pools with hydroxyurea ( hu ) can also give rise to both transient and permanent epigenetic instability of a reporter locus , bu-1 , in dt40 cells .
hu ind... | Introduction
Results
Discussion
Experimental Procedures |
it has been proposed that solar devices based on thin film technologies and third - generation materials can greatly benefit from plasmonic and photonic structures that can assist with light trapping and absorption .
one promising strategy is to replace the traditional transparent conducting oxide layer with a semitran... | we present a methodology for probing light - matter interactions in prototype photovoltaic devices consisting of an organic semiconductor active layer with a semitransparent metal electrical contact exhibiting surface plasmon - based enhanced optical transmission .
we achieve high - spectral irradiance in a spot siz... | Introduction
Experimental methods and setup
High-brightness broadband measurements for solar applications
Optimizing tendue
Solar irradiance and photon flux
Application to organic photovoltaic devices with a transparent, plasmonic-metal electrical contact
Conclusion |
the pars distalis of the pituitary is composed of both granular and agranular cell types , the former largely hormone - producing cells , the latter forming a reticular and canalicular network in and around the granulated cells . among the nongranulated cells are folliculo - stellate ( fs ) cells , which have numerous ... | genetic ablation of the nhe2 na+/h+ exchanger causes gastric achlorhydria , absorptive defects in kidney and colon , and low fertility .
here we show that nhe2 is expressed in the pituitary , with the highest mrna expression in pars distalis and lower expression in pars intermedia . in pars
distalis of nhe2-null m... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
autonomic neuropathy ( an ) has long been recognized as a significant health risk and leads to reduced quality of life ( qol ) , increased mortality and morbidity and increased health care costs ( 1 - 2 - 3 ) .
cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy ( can ) is an end - stage condition and is characterized by structural de... | backgroundcardiovascular autonomic neuropathy ( can ) is recognized as a significant health risk , correlating with risk of heart disease , silent myocardial ischemia or sudden cardiac death .
beta - blockers are often prescribed to minimize risk.objectivesin this second of two articles , the effects on parasympathe... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
The Effects after Continuation of Current Beta-Blocker Therapy
The Effects after Introducing Beta-Blockers
The Effects after Discontinuing Beta-Blockers
Conclusion
Importance of Restoration of Sympathovagal Balance on Morbidity and Mortality |
all procedures were performed under the guidelines and with the approval of the ethics committee in animal experimentation at the federal university of minas gerais ( ufmg ) , protocol 174/2011 .
one hundred and seventyeight regional lymph nodes ( 162 inguinal , 14 axillary , and 2 location not available ) were assesse... | backgroundas in women , regional lymph node status impacts survival in dogs with malignant mammary tumors .
however , few studies have evaluated regional lymph node metastases in dogs with malignant mammary gland tumors.objectivesto estimate overall survival based on the assessments of the lymph node status and the ... | Materials and Methods
Samples
Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry
Survival Time
Statistical Analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusions |
since the beginning of mankind , organisms
producing natural products
have provided a reservoir of therapeutic remedies and medicines for
various diseases .
a subset of these drugs
has been classified as antitumor antibiotics based on their ability
to block cell growth by interfering with dna , the genetic
... | the discovery of chlorothricin ( 1 ) defined a new family
of microbial metabolites with potent antitumor antibiotic properties
collectively referred to as spirotetronate polyketides .
these microbial
metabolites are structurally distinguished by the presence of a spirotetronate
motif embedded within a macroc... | Introduction
Classification
Biosynthesis of Spirotetronates
Biology of Spirotetronate
Polyketides
Spirotetronates as Potential Leads in Metabolism and Digestion
Synthetic Approaches
toward Spirotetronate Polyketides
Conclusions |
the candida genome database ( cgd , http://www.candidagenome.org/ ) is a freely available online resource , based on the saccharomyces genome database ( sgd , www.yeastgenome.org ; ( 1 ) ) , which collects , organizes , and makes available candida gene , protein and sequence information to the fungal research community... | the candida genome database ( cgd , http://www.candidagenome.org/ ) is a freely available online resource that provides gene , protein and sequence information for multiple candida species , along with web - based tools for accessing , analyzing and exploring these data .
the mission of cgd is to facilitate and acce... | INTRODUCTION
Genome history, and the incorporation of
Sequence versioning
Systematic ORF nomenclature
Incorporation of JBrowse
Future directions
FUNDING |
all study subjects were from the ongoing , prospective , population - based korean genome and epidemiology study ( koges ) cohort .
the original study was designed to establish a representative adult cohort in an urban area , the city of ansan , and to identify the epidemiologic characteristics , frequency , and determ... | objectivethe purpose of this study was to investigate whether the impact of obstructive sleep apnea ( osa ) on glucose metabolism was different according to the presence or absence of obesity.research design and methodsa total of 1,344 subjects > 40 years old from the korean genome and epidemiology study were included... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Anthropometric and laboratory measurements
Visceral fat measurements
Overnight sleep study
Definition of EDS
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS |
annexin a2 ( a2 ) belongs to the annexin family of ca - regulated phospholipid binding proteins , which are expressed in plants , animals , and protists throughout the phylogenetic tree .
a2 is a 36-kilodalton protein produced by endothelial cells , monocytes , macrophages , trophoblast cells , and some tumor cells and... | since its discovery as a src kinase substrate more than three decades ago , appreciation for the physiologic functions of annexin a2 and its associated proteins has increased dramatically . with its binding partner s100a10 ( p11 ) , a2 forms a cell surface complex that regulates generation of the primary fibrinolytic ... | 1. The Annexin A2/S100A10 System
2.
3. Lessons from the Clinic |
segmental copy - number variations ( cnvs ) , involving the gain or loss of several hundreds of bases to several hundred kilobases ( kb ) of the genome , can be an important source of genetic variation among human populations of different ethnic groups as well as among individuals .
molecular genetics analyses and cyto... | segmental copy - number variations ( cnvs ) may contribute to genetic variation in humans .
reports
of the existence and characteristics of cnvs in a large japanese cohort are quite limited .
we report the data from a large japanese population .
we conducted population scr... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Future Plans
6. Conclusion |
pain control is a primary concern across all care settings . though a universal care concern
, pain is frequently viewed in the elderly as a normal process of aging.1 it is estimated that 49%83% of the 1.8 million residents in long - term care have acute or chronic pain , yet the recognition and treatment of pain still... | purposeto examine if a concomitant relationship exists between cognition and pain in an elderly population residing in long - term care.background/significanceprior research has found that cognitive load mediates interpretation of a stimulus . in the presence of decreased cognitive capacity as with dementia , the rela... | Introduction
Research questions
Significance
Background
Theoretical framework
Methods
Design and sample
Instruments
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
the advent of antihypertensive therapy has substantially reduced the occurrence of cardiovascular events . however , antihypertensive therapy failed to achieve blood pressure control in all patients , with hypertension control rates remaining in general disappointingly low .
blood pressure goals are not attained in som... | resistant hypertension is defined as uncontrolled blood pressure despite the use of three antihypertensive drugs , including a diuretic , in optimal doses .
treatment resistance can be attributed to poor adherence to antihypertensive drugs , excessive salt intake , physician inertia , inappropriate or inadequate med... | 1. Introduction
2. Prevalence and Prognosis of Resistant Hypertension
3. Lifestyle Factors
4. Drug-Induced Hypertension
5. Obstructive Sleep Apnea
6. Primary Aldosteronism
7. Chronic Kidney Disease
8. Rational for the Management of Resistant Hypertension |
while decreases in both breast cancer incidence and mortality have been apparent in recent years , the societal and economic impact of this malignancy continues to be enormous .
positive associations between environmental and individual factors and increased risk of breast cancer development have been alleged for at ... | in 1976 , sporn has defined chemoprevention as the use of pharmacologic or natural agents that inhibit the development of invasive breast cancer either by blocking the dna damage that initiates carcinogenesis , or by arresting or reversing the progression of premalignant cells in which such damage has already occurre... | 1. Introduction
2. ER-Positive Breast Cancer Prevention
3. SERMs
4. Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs)
5. ER-Negative Breast Cancer Prevention
6. New Molecular Targets for Breast Cancer Chemoprevention
7. Conclusions |
the genes doublesex in drosophila and mab-3 in caenorhabditie elegans were first identified as transcription factors containing a conserved zinc finger - like dna binding domain ( dm domain ) , which plays a key role in sexual development 1 - 3 .
many organisms have multiple dmrt ( doublesex and mab-3 related transcrip... | dmrt7 , a member of the dmrt family of genes , is required for spermatogenesis .
however , promoter functions of the gene dmrt7 remain unknown . we have cloned and characterized the proximal promoter region of the mouse dmrt7 gene .
functional analysis of the 5 ' flanking region by sequential deletion mutations re... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Western blot analysis
Results
Identification of regulatory elements in the mouse
Transcription factor NF-Y binds to
NF-Y activates the mouse
Discussion |
the cellular thiol - disulfide redox environment is defined by protein thiols ( psh ) and disulfides ( psox ) as well as low molecular weight thiols and disulfides . in mammalian cells ,
by far the most abundant low molecular weight sulfhydryl molecule is glutathione ( gsh ) . together with its disulfide ( gssg ) , thi... | plasma cells produce and secrete massive amounts of disulfide - containing antibodies . to accommodate this load on the secretory machinery , the differentiation of resting b cells into antibody - secreting plasma cells
is accompanied by a preferential expansion of the secretory compartments of the cells and by an u... | 1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods |
h. pylori infection is reported to include pathologic changes of the stomach , including edema and congestive surface epithelium .
a characteristic event in gastritis is the infiltration of the subepithelial gastric lamina propria by phagocytes , mainly neutrophils and macrophages , that produce large amounts of react... | helicobacter pylori - induced gastric inflammation includes induction of inflammatory mediators interleukin ( il)-8 and inducible nitric oxide synthase ( inos ) , which are mediated by oxidant - sensitive transcription factor nf-b .
high levels of lipid peroxide ( lpo ) and increased activity of myeloperoxidase ( mp... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion
Conflicts of interest |
fungal infections represent today a serious and notyetsolved health problem even in industrialized countries ( sternberg , 1994 ; edmond et al . , 1999 ; zaoutis et al . , 2005 ; pfaller and diekema et al . , 2007 )
not only hiv infection , but lifeprolonging technologies invasive technologies , therapy prior to or... | summaryfungal infections are a serious health problem . in recent years
, basic research is focusing on the identification of fungal virulence factors as promising targets for the development of novel antifungals .
the wall , as the most external cellular component , plays a crucial role in the interaction with ho... | Introduction
Structure and biogenesis of the fungal cell wall
Recognition of fungi by host cells
Mannans and mannoproteins
Glucans
Other cell wall components
Concluding remarks |
mutations in psen1 and psen2 genes , which encode polytopic proteins termed presenilin 1 ( ps1 ) and presenilin 2 ( ps2 ) , respectively , cause autosomal dominant early - onset familial alzheimer 's disease ( fad ) .
both ps1 and ps2 proteins ( ps ) share about 63% homology with the highest similarity in the transmemb... | mutations in psen genes , which encode presenilin proteins , cause familial early - onset alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) .
transgenic mouse models based on coexpression of familial ad - associated presenilin and amyloid precursor protein variants successfully mimic characteristic pathological features of ad , including... | 1. Introduction
2. PS Animal Models
3. PS and Cellular Substrates of Memory
4. PS and Synapse Formation
5. PS-Dependent Substrate Signaling
6. PS and Calcium Signaling
7. Conclusions |
the mammalian transcriptome and proteome is far more diverse than expected from one geneone mrnaone protein paradigm ( 1 ) .
this diversity arises due to the generation of multiple transcripts from a gene using alternative transcriptional and splicing events .
alternative transcriptional events that involve use of mult... | mpromdb ( mammalian promoter database ) is a curated database that strives to annotate gene promoters identified from chip - seq results with the goal of providing an integrated resource for mammalian transcriptional regulation and epigenetics .
we analyzed 507 million uniquely aligned rnap - ii chip - seq reads fro... | INTRODUCTION
NEW FEATURES
Statistics of the promoters identified using ChIP-seq data sets
Database search and visualization
FUTURE PLANS
SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
FUNDING |
- 0194 ) , 23 patients from the department of pathology , gangnam severance hospital , were enrolled in this study .
the patients ranged in age from 35 to 59 years old , with a mean age of 47 .
fresh surgical samples of ptc with ( 13 cases ) or without ( 10 cases ) lt were collected from the records in the department o... | backgroundpapillary thyroid carcinoma ( ptc ) is frequently accompanied by lymphocytic thyroiditis ( lt ) .
some reports claim that hashimoto s thyroiditis ( the clinical form of lt ) enhances the likelihood of ptc ; however , others suggest that lt has antitumor activity .
this study was aimed to find out the rel... | MATERIALS AND METHODS
Case materials
Measurement of cytokine expression levels in the thyroid tissue
Immunohistochemistry
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
Clinical manifestations and histopathological findings
PTC with LT (n=13)
PTC without LT (n=10)
Cytokine immune profiles
PTC with LT (n=13)
PTC without LT (n=10)
Prognos... |
the
largest uncertainty in the influence of aerosol particles and
clouds on the climate system is caused by aerosol
cloud microphysics determine cloud albedo in
the visible and infrared ( ir ) spectral ranges , cloud lifetime , and
precipitation properties .
cloud radiative
properties are strongly linked to ... | mineral
dusts originating from earth s crust are known to
be important atmospheric ice nuclei . in agreement with earlier studies ,
feldspar was found as the most active of the tested natural mineral
dusts .
here we investigated in closer detail the reasons for its activity
and the difference in the acti... | Introduction
Experimental Section
Results
Discussion
Impact
of Surface Composition
Conclusion |
unawareness , lack of insight , or anosognosia refers to impaired awareness in persons with dementia [ 17 ] .
awareness is multifactorial and likely modular [ 4 , 810 ] , with each domain separable and potentially unique .
most of the literature on awareness in persons with dementia describes the clinical correlates of... | awareness in dementia is increasingly recognized not only as multifactorial , but also as domain specific .
we demonstrate differential clinical correlates for awareness of daily function , awareness of memory , and the novel exploration of awareness of balance .
awareness of function was higher for participants w... | 1. Introduction
2. Method
3. Results
4. Discussion |
top down mass spectrometry
describes an analytical process for
the identification and characterization of whole proteins .
the canonical top down experiment consists of a
precursor scan to obtain the intact mass of the proteoform(s ) under study and a tandem mass spectrum ( ms / ms )
obtained using ion fragme... | the
automated processing of data generated by top down proteomics
would benefit from improved scoring for protein identification and
characterization of highly related protein forms ( proteoforms ) . here
we propose the
c - score ( short for characterization
score ) , a bayesian approach to the proteof... | Introduction
Methods
Results and Discussion
Conclusion |
gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract , with a mean annual incidence of 1015 cases per million people , affecting mainly older individuals at a median age of 5565 years [ 14 ] .
radical surgery is the treatment of choice in primary resectable ... | on the basis of the recently published results of a clinical trial comparing 12 and 36 months of imatinib in adjuvant therapy for gastrointestinal stromal tumors ( gists ) , which demonstrated clinical benefit of longer imatinib treatment in terms of delaying recurrences and improving overall survival , both the us f... | Introduction
Clinical and Molecular Features of GISTs
Imatinib Mesylate Therapy for Advanced GISTs
Adjuvant Imatinib Mesylate Therapy for GISTs
Assessment of the Risk of Recurrence after Primary Surgery, and Patient Selection for Extended Adjuvant Imatinib Therapy
Benefit of and Resistance to Adjuvant Imatinib Therapy
... |
this report describes the design , implementation , and feasibility of the interstitial cystitis : elucidation of psychophysiologic and autonomic characteristics ( icepac ) study .
interstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome ( ic / bps ) causes severe bladder pain and afflicts about 2.5% of the population.1 the autho... | background and purposeinterstitial cystitis / bladder pain syndrome ( ic / bps ) is relatively common and associated with severe pain , yet effective treatment remains elusive .
research typically emphasized the bladder s role , but given the high presence of systemic comorbidities , the authors hypothesized a patho... | Introduction
Material and methods
Subjects
Study structure and exam standardization
Data collection and storage
Recruitment strategy
Study visits
Enrollment and screening (Visit 0)
Questionnaires and instillation (Visit 1)
Autonomic and neurologic examination (Visit 2)
Results and discussion
Recruitment
Adverse advents... |
participants were recruited in the dominiek savio institute , a service center for people with physical disabilities in belgium .
the dominiek savio institute offers ambulatory , semi - residential , and residential services to children and adults who need support in the domains of living , education , and work .
parti... | the objective of this study was to investigate the internal consistency and the construct validity of the dutch version of the supports intensity scale ( sis - nl1.0 ; buntinx 2006 ) in individuals with physical disabilities ( n = 65 ) . to investigate the construct validity ,
the relationship between sis subscale... | Method
Participants
Procedure
Materials
Data-Analyses
Results
Discussion
Limitations and Future Research |
the study was performed at a farm in bursa , situated in northwest turkey , at 408 north latitude , 298 east longitude and an altitude 149 m above sea level
during an 80-day period .
this study was approved by the ethical committee at the university of uludag , bursa , turkey .
eighteen saanen goats , ages 34 years ,... | the main objectives of our study were to measure the major adipokines adiponectin , leptin and resistin in goat milk , to assess their interrelationships and to
assess their relationships with the plasma and serum concentrations of total protein , cholesterol , total lipids , plasma c - reactive protein ( crp ) , mi... | MATERIALS AND METHODS
Animals and specimen collection
Milk composition and quality analyses
Hormonal and biochemical analyses
Statistical analyses
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
twelve - month remission is defined as time to 365 days of continuous seizure freedom .
second treatment failure is defined as withdrawal of a treatment , or addition of a drug , which may be due to inadequate seizure control , unacceptable adverse events , or both .
the methods for the sanad trial have been published ... | objectives : we assessed the likelihood of 12-month seizure remission and treatment failure after failure of a first antiepileptic drug , and identified factors influencing these outcomes.methods:sanad ( standard and new antiepileptic drug ) was a randomized controlled trial comparing monotherapy with standard and new... | METHODS
Outcomes.
Patients and procedures.
Prognostic modeling.
Standard protocol approvals, registrations, and patient consents.
RESULTS
Time to 12-month remission after a first treatment failure.
Time to second treatment failure after a first treatment failure.
DISCUSSION
Supplementary Material
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
S... |
endothelial dysfunction is an early predictor of cardiovascular disease [ 13 ] , and might be the causal pathological mechanism of a variety of metabolic diseases , also referred to as the common soil hypothesis .
endothelial function has been shown to be impaired in patients with coronary artery disease , type ii diab... | endothelial dysfunction is a potential target for ( pharmaceutical ) intervention of several systemic pathological conditions .
we investigated the feasibility of the endopat to evaluate acute changes in endothelial function with repeated noninvasive measurements and assessed its discriminating power in different po... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
several chemoprotective properties of lycopene on prostate cancer have been proposed , including potent antioxidant properties , decreased lipid oxidation , inhibition of cancerous cell proliferation at the g0-g1 cell cycle transition , and protection of lipoproteins and dna [ 1 , 2 ] .
these mechanistic studies have s... | lycopene has been proposed to protect against prostate cancer through various properties including decreased lipid oxidation , inhibition of cancer cell proliferation , and most notably potent antioxidant properties .
epidemiologic studies on the association between lycopene and prostate cancer incidence have yielde... | 1. Introduction
2. Measurement of Lycopene and Tomato Products
3. The Influence of PSA Screening on Clinical and Epidemiologic Aspects of Prostate Cancer Incidence
4. Epidemiologic Studies
5. Lycopene and Prostate Cancer Associations: Conclusions |
breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in canadian women [ 1 , 2 ] . every year in ontario ,
radiation therapy has been established as an effective adjuvant therapy for breast cancer . with radiation therapy ,
patients no longer need to undergo mastectomy to remove the whole breast . instead , only a small par... | purpose brachytherapy is an option for treatment of breast cancer in some cases .
this modality requires patient - specific dosimetry based on ct simulator scans .
a 3d computer - assisted breast brachytherapy treatment planning system called vision was developed and tested.methods the brachytherapy treatment plan... | Introduction
Literature review
Methods
Data collection and processing
Reslicing images and ROIs
Volume interpolation
Probability function for volume interpolation
Radiation source configuration in vision
Virtual template implementation
Seed placement planning and dose distribution analysis interface
Source editor: an i... |
the mucoadhesive polymer containing oral drug delivery systems has the capacity to prolong residence time of drugs at the absorption site and facilitate intimate contact with underlying absorptive surface to enhance bioavailability .
polymers used in the mucoadhesive formulations include natural , semisynthetic , and s... | the current study deals with the development and optimization of ispaghula ( plantago ovata f. ) husk mucilage- ( ihm- ) alginate mucoadhesive beads containing glibenclamide by ionotropic gelation technique .
the effects of sodium alginate ( sa ) to ihm and cross - linker ( cacl2 ) concentration on the drug encapsul... | 1. Introduction
2. Experimental
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusion |
heart failure ( hf ) can result from cardiac overload or injury as well as from a complex interplay of genetic , neurohormonal , and inflammatory factors .
hf is classified as being associated with a reduced ejection fraction ( hfref ) or with a normal ejection fraction ( hfnef ) .
the percentages of patients and the m... | backgroundpentraxin 3 ( ptx3 ) is a novel inflammatory marker produced by various cell types including those of the vasculature and the heart .
the relationship between inflammatory markers and prognosis of patients with heart failure with normal ejection fraction ( hfnef ) remains unknown .
we investigated whethe... | Clinical Trial Registration
Introduction
Methods
Patients and Protocol
Measurement of Plasma PTX3 Levels and Other Blood Parameters
Doppler Echocardiography
Followup
Definition of Cardiovascular Events
Statistical Analysis
Results
Patient Characteristics
Cardiovascular Events
Cox Proportional Hazards Analysis and CStat... |
cardiomyogenesis ( generation of cardiomyocytes ) had not been convincingly demonstrated in the adult mammalian heart until very recently ; the potential for myocardial regeneration was only recognized in organisms such as fish and amphibians .
however , carefully designed and performed studies have produced compelling... | in recent years , several landmark studies have provided compelling evidence that cardiomyogenesis occurs in the adult mammalian heart .
however , the rate of new cardiomyocyte formation is inadequate for complete restoration of the normal mass of myocardial tissue , should a significant myocardial injury occur , su... | Introduction
Postnatal cardiomyogenesis in the mammalian heart
Cellular origins of postnatal cardiomyogenesis in the adult mammalian heart: proliferation of pre-existing myocytes
Cellular origins of postnatal cardiomyogenesis in the adult mammalian heart: myogenic differentiation of progenitor cells
Challenges in study... |
the amination of c h bonds provides a
route to n - alkyl and n - aryl amine
derivatives that avoids typical functional group interconversions
and reactants containing a functional group already present at the
position where a c n bond is desired .
n bonds are
particularly challenging to achieve , but such r... | we
report a set of rare copper - catalyzed reactions of alkanes with
simple amides , sulfonamides , and imides ( i.e. , benzamides , tosylamides ,
carbamates , and phthalimide ) to form the corresponding n - alkyl products .
the reactions lead to functionalization at secondary
c h bonds over tertiary c
h... | Introduction
Results and Discussion
Summary and Conclusions |
sales and service workers face customers during working hours and the standardized expression of emotions , including kindness and sympathy , are important components of their job requirements ( 1 ) . standardized expression of emotions is socially desirable , especially to the organization , and it is essential to mai... | we examined the relationship of high emotional demands and low job control to suicidal ideation among service and sales workers in korea . a total of 1,995 service and sales workers participated in this study .
suicidal ideation and level of emotional demand and job control were assessed by self - reported questionn... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study procedures and samples
Measurements
Statistical analysis
Ethics statement
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
micropolar fluids are those fluids consisting of randomly oriented particles suspended in a viscous medium , which can undergo a rotation that can affect the hydrodynamics of the flow , making it a distinctly non - newtonian fluid .
they constitute an important branch of non - newtonian fluid dynamics where microrotati... | an analysis study is presented to study the effects of hall current and soret effect on unsteady hydromagnetic natural convection of a micropolar fluid in a rotating frame of reference with slip - flow regime .
a uniform magnetic field acts perpendicularly to the porous surface which absorbs the micropolar fluid wit... | 1. Introduction
2. Mathematical Formulation of the Problem
3. Analytical Solution of the Problem
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusion |
because
of the therapeutic potential of inhibiting fatty acid amide
hydrolase ( faah ) for the treatment of pain , inflammatory , or sleep disorders , there is a continuing interest in the development
of selective inhibitors of the enzyme .
the distribution of faah is consistent with its role in regulating
sign... | a series
of -ketooxazoles incorporating electrophiles at
the c5 position of the pyridyl ring of 2 ( ol-135 ) and
related compounds were prepared and examined as inhibitors of fatty
acid amide hydrolase ( faah ) that additionally target the cytosolic
port cys269 . from this series , a subset of the candidate ... | Introduction
Results and Discussion
Conclusions
Experimental
Section |
neural stimulation has a long history of use in a range of therapeutic applications , including regulating organ function and treating a variety of neurological disorders . neurostimulators are also used to provide forms of sensory perception ; for example , electrical stimulation of auditory neurons using electrodes i... | to evaluate the efficacy of a suprachoroidal retinal prosthesis , a highly configurable external neurostimulator is required . in order to meet functional and safety specifications , it was necessary to develop a custom device .
a system is presented which can deliver charge - balanced , constant - current biphasic ... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
most of the time , chemotherapy works in leukemia patients ; however , despite high remission rate after chemotherapy , relapse always exists .
hence , it is highly necessary to find markers that enable the prediction of relapse .
monitoring minimal residue disease ( mrd ) is an important clinical factor in the assessm... | background : the wilms tumor 1 ( wt1 ) gene is originally defined as a tumor suppressor gene and a transcription factor that overexpressed in leukemic cells .
it is highly expressed in more than 80% of acute myeloid leukemia ( aml ) patients , both in bone marrow ( bm ) and in peripheral blood ( pb ) , and it is use... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Preparation of RNA and cDNA synthesis
Generation of plasmid standard curves
Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
Cytogenetic study
Statistical analyses
RESULTS
Sensitivity of Wilms tumor 1 monitoring
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsor... |
although the incidence of mets is known to depend on lifestyle , diet , and physical activity,1,2 it is also suggested that genetic factors may play an important role .
for example , the risk for mets may be increased by the presence of common snps within the fto - associated gene , the mc4r gene , and the ppar gene . ... | purposemetabolic disorders , including mets , obesity , and lipid disorders , may be related to genetic factors .
metabolic disorders are associated with decreased ts levels in aging men .
the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between fto rs9939609 , mc4r rs17782313 , and ppar rs1801282 polymorphi... | Introduction
Subjects and methods
Study population
Anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) measurements
Blood sampling
Genotyping of the
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
rehabilitation nutrition is a combination of both rehabilitation and nutrition care management , and this concept is used with international classification of functioning , disability and health guidelines to evaluate nutrition status and to maximize functionality in the elderly and other people with disability .
rehab... | malnutrition and sarcopenia often occur in rehabilitation settings .
the prevalence of malnutrition and sarcopenia in older patients undergoing rehabilitation is 4967 % and 4046.5 % , respectively .
malnutrition and sarcopenia are associated with poorer rehabilitation outcome and physical function .
therefore ... | Introduction
Stroke
Hip fracture
Hospital-associated deconditioning
Sarcopenic dysphagia
Research interest in rehabilitation nutrition
Conclusion |
. the cornea acts as a shield against external dust or microbes and prevents them to enter the eye globe .
damage or disturbance to the cornea due to scar , foreign bodies , or other diseases or disorders can lead to poor visibility .
cornea is made up of six layers which are responsible for the organization of the cor... | descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty ( dmek ) is a corneal surgical technique which selectively replaces the damaged posterior part of the cornea with a healthy donor graft retaining the rest of the tissue intact .
there is a need to validate and standardize the donor tissue before grafting due to certain issu... | 1. Introduction
2. Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (ALK)
3. Endothelial Keratoplasty (EK)
4. Recent Advances and Future Goals
5. Discussion
6. Conclusion |
during storage of animal feed many different processes may occur which alter their initial natural proprieties .
first of all , lipids undergo peroxidation , the process during which they are deteriorated in a free radical autocatalytic oxidation chain reaction with atmospheric oxygen .
lipid autooxidation is a cascade... | ethoxyquin ( eq , 6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline ) is widely used in animal feed in order to protect it against lipid peroxidation .
eq can not be used in any food for human consumption ( except spices , e.g. , chili ) , but it can pass from feed to farmed fish , poultry , and eggs , so human beings c... | 1. Introduction
2. Physical and Chemical Properties of Ethoxyquin (EQ)
3. Biotransformation of EQ
4. Antioxidant Activity of EQ
5. Adverse Effects of EQ:
6. Analogues and Derivatives of EQ
7. Food Safety Aspect
8. Conclusion |
mr images of the liver were retrospectively reviewed alongside clinical findings in 50 children and young adults with wilson 's disease ( m : f = 33:17 ; age range , 5 - 26 years ; median age , 14 years ) .
the database of the computed hospital information system was cross - referenced with the mr imaging database to i... | objectiveto determine whether there is a correlation between liver mr findings and the clinical manifestations and severity of liver dysfunction in patients with wilson 's disease.materials and methodstwo radiologists retrospectively evaluated mr images of the liver in 50 patients with wilson 's disease .
the instit... | MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients
MR Imaging
MR Imaging Analysis
Statistical Analysis
RESULTS
Clinical Features
MR Imaging Findings
Clinical Correlation of MR Imaging Findings
Follow-Up MR Imaging Findings and Clinical Features
DISCUSSION |
prostate cancer ( pca ) is the second most common neoplasia in men worldwide , and the sixth cause of cancer - specific death worldwide . in the last 20 years
, there has been a progressive increase in the global incidence of this disease . in asian countries ,
the incidence and mortality of pca are low and are reporte... | objective : the purpose of this review is to discuss some critical issues of isoflavones protective against the development of prostate cancer ( pca).data sources : data cited in this review were obtained primarily from pubmed and embase from 1975 to 2015.study selection : articles were selected with the search terms ... | I
E
Effects of soy isoflavons on prostate-specific antigen levels
Effects of soy isoflavons on sex hormone levels
Effects of soy isoflavons on risk of prostate cancer
D
C
S
C
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
marc sprenger , director of the who s secretariat for antimicrobial resistance , recently stated that
many such infections are rapidly becoming resistant to life - saving drugs;1 thus , we may be on the verge of the post - antibiotic era .
indeed , it was also proposed that many of the procedures and conditions such a... | antibiotic resistance has been emerged as a major global health problem . in particular , gram - negative species pose a significant clinical challenge as bacteria develop or acquire more resistance mechanisms .
often , these bacteria possess multiple resistance mechanisms , thus nullifying most of the major classes... | Introduction
MC-1
BAL30072
S-649266 (Cefiderocol)
Conclusions |
strokes produce important physical , psychological and social consequences , in spite of
advances in prevention and early care1 .
several studies highlight the importance of cognitive activities such as attention , memory
and action observation on the nervous system plasticity2 , 3 .
the experiences and the
inf... | [ purpose ] this study aims to describe a protocol based on neurocognitive therapeutic
exercises and determine its feasibility and usefulness for upper extremity functionality
when compared with a conventional protocol .
[ subjects and methods ] eight subacute stroke
patients were randomly assigned to a conven... | INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
rats were subjected to a standard light - dark cycle and were maintained on a regular chow and had ad libitum access to distilled water .
indwelling catheters were placed in the right internal jugular vein and left carotid artery for infusion and sampling purposes .
rats were implanted with bilateral intrahypothalamic ... | objectivecirculating glucose inhibits glucose production in normal rodents and humans , but this glucose effectiveness is disrupted in diabetes due partly to sustained hyperglycemia .
we hypothesize that hyperglycemia in diabetes impairs hypothalamic glucose sensing to lower glucose production , and changes of gluco... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Animal preparation.
Pancreatic (basal insulin) euglycemic clamps.
Hypothalamic glucose level measurements.
Adenovirus-expressing rats with uncontrolled diabetes.
Adenovirus-expressing rats with hypothalamic hyperglycemia.
Immunofluorescence.
Biochemical analyses.
Calculations.
RESULTS
Sustai... |
worldwide , open - angle glaucoma ( oag ) is estimated to affect almost 45 million adults over the age of 40 years , and the number is expected to reach 59 million by 2020.1 since the loss of vision associated with glaucoma is irreversible,2 early diagnosis and treatment are key to preserving visual function . because ... | purposemany patients with glaucoma require combination therapies to achieve target intraocular pressure ( iop ) and preserve visual function .
ocular hypotensives often contain a preservative ( eg , benzalkonium chloride [ bak ] ) , but preservative - free ( pf ) formulations have been developed for patients with se... | Introduction
Methods
Study selection
Results and discussion
Selected studies
Overall IOP response to topical timolol
Determining the optimal dose timolol 0.5% versus higher concentrations
Determining the optimal dose timolol 0.25% versus 0.5%
Conclusion |
cancer is the second leading killer in the usa , accounting for 25% of all deaths .
prostate cancer is the most common cancer in males , followed by lung and colorectal . for women
however , it should be noted that lung cancer is the number one cancer killer for both men and women ( 1 ) .
an abundance of evidence sugge... | cancer is the second leading cause of death in the usa and an abundance of evidence suggests that lifestyle factors including smoking , the typical high - fat , refined - sugar diet and physical inactivity account for the majority of cancer .
this review focuses on diet and inactivity as major factors for cancer pro... | Introduction
Lung Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Breast Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Conclusion
Figures and Tables |
the occasional use of pesticides in large amounts may cause environmental pollution and therefore be a cause of concern .
residual amounts of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides have been detected in soil , water reservoirs , vegetables , grains and other food products .
organophosphates induce toxicity in ma... | objective : the study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of ziziphus mucronata ( zm ) fruit extract.methods:the different types of fruit extract were prepared by soaking the dry powdered fruit in different solvents followed by rotary evaporation . each extract was tested for its... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
3. Results
3.1. TLC/DPPH antioxidant activity of the fruit extracts of ZM
3.2. Percent DPPH inhibition versus concentration for different extracts of ZM and standards observed after 30 min.
3.3. Total phenol content of different types of fruit extracts of ZM
3.4. 3.2.5 In vitro ... |
once considered diseases of affluence , the prevalence of non - communicable chronic health conditions , including overweight , has increased substantially in many low - and middle - income countries ( 13 ) . as chronic conditions increase in these countries ,
it is imperative to examine how the social distribution of ... | objectivewe test whether a disparity by socioeconomic status ( ses ) ( represented by educational attainment ) in overweight has emerged among men or women during a recent 17 year period in china.methodsdata from the china health and nutrition survey ( chns ) , a panel study including 7,314 women and 6,492 men , are u... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
Study population
Dependent Variables
Independent Variables
Covariates
EFFECT MEASURE MODIFICATION
Statistical Analyses
Sensitivity Analyses
RESULTS
Sensitivity Analyses
DISCUSSION
Conclusion |
there are similarities between children and adults suffering from heart failure ( hf ) , such as the preferred pharmacological treatment ( 1 ) , the use of pace - makers and heart transplants ( 2,3 ) , the inability of the patient to reach the predicted heart rate for the patient 's age during cardiopulmonary exercise ... | although it is known that obesity , diabetes , and kawasaki 's disease play important roles in systemic inflammation and in the development of both endothelial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy , there is a lack of data regarding the endothelial function of pre - pubertal children suffering from cardiomyopathy . in this ... | INTRODUCTION
Literature search strategy
Collected data
Statistical analysis
Limitations
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS |
schizophrenia is a chronic disorder with serious physical , social , and economic consequences , with an impact on public health that has been unappreciated .
thus , it is a devastating illness that reflects in the productivity of individuals affected by it and requires permanent spending with hospitalizations , treatm... | antipsychotics have provided a great improvement in the management of people with schizophrenia .
the first generation antipsychotics could establish the possibility of managing many psychotic subjects in an outpatient setting . with the advent of the second ( sga ) and third generation antipsychotics ( tga ) , othe... | Introduction
Clinical studies
Patient preference
Safety and tolerability
Extrapyramidal side effects
Cardiovascular and metabolic side effects
Conclusion |
photonic forces [ 1 , 2 ] are known and understood for more than 100 years . but the discovery that they can be employed to manipulate small objects like colloids , viruses , or quantum dots became possible only after the establishment of strong laser sources in the infrared .
this enables one to exert and to control ... | optical tweezers are microscopic tools with extraordinary precision in the determination of the position ( 2 nm ) of a colloid ( diameter : 2.0 m ) in 3d - space and in the measurement of small forces in the range between 0.1 and 100 pn ( pn=1012 n ) .
experiments are reported in which single double - stranded (... | Introduction
Materials and methods
The optical tweezers set-up
Preparation
Establishing a
Results and discussion
Conclusion |
the study population included patients over 18 years old who had an initial cabg or combined cabg and open chest aortic valve replacement ( avr ) , from april 1 , 1998 to october 31 , 2011 in ontario .
the date of first cardiac surgery was the index date , and eligible patients were followed for 1 year with respect t... | backgroundthe obesity paradox reflects an observed relationship between obesity and decreased morbidity and mortality , suggesting improved health outcomes for obese individuals .
studies examining the relationship between high body mass index ( bmi ) and adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery have reported confli... | Methods
Study Population
Baseline Characteristics and Comorbidities
Outcome Definition
Statistical Analysis
Results
Baseline Characteristics
In-Hospital Clinical Outcomes
BMI Trend by Year and Mortality
Discussion
Disclosures |
gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis and presents with intermittent acute arthritis and chronic deformed joints with tophus formation .
the prevalence of gout in the adult population was estimated at 3.23% ( 5.17% in men and 1.34% in women ) in the united kingdom , 3.9% in the united states , and 3.8%... | abstractprevious studies indicated that gout is a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases .
this study aimed to determine if patients with gout have an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis ( dvt ) or pulmonary embolism ( pe).we used the longitudinal health insurance database , a subset of the national insurance cla... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
Data Source
Criteria for Selecting Study Subjects
Outcome and Relevant Variables
Statistical Analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( hcm ) is a common genetic disease that is characterized by a hypertrophied , nondilated , left ventricular ( lv ) cavity with normal or supernormal systolic function .
however , a small number of hcm patients progress to lv remodeling and systolic dysfunction . such a condition is referred... | background : end - stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( hcm ) is complicated by substantial adverse events .
however , few studies have focused on electrocardiographic features and their prognostic values in hcm .
this study aimed to evaluate the clinical manifestations and prognostic value of electrocardiography i... | I
M
Study patients
Follow-up
Statistical analysis
R
Baseline characteristics
Clinical outcomes
Prognostic factors
D |
transgenic cre and r26r reporter mouse lines used in this study are listed in table 1 .
experimental animals were generated by crossing tg(ins2-cre ) ( termed rip - cre ) ( 11 ) , tg(ins2-cre ) ( termed rip - cre ) ( 10 ) , tg(ins2-creesr1 ) ( termed rip - cre / ert ) ( 12 ) , tg(pdx1-cre ) ( termed pdx1-cre ) ( 13 ) ,... | objectiveconditional gene targeting has been extensively used for in vivo analysis of gene function in -cell biology .
the objective of this study was to examine whether mouse transgenic cre lines , used to mediate -cell or pancreas - specific recombination , also drive cre expression in the brain.research design an... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Mouse models.
Reagents.
Tamoxifen administration.
Detection of -gal activity.
Leptin administration.
Immunohistochemistry.
Quantitative RT-PCR.
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
Supplementary Material |
protein glycosylation is a phenomenon shared by all domains of life . over 70% of the eukaryotic proteome
although it is too early to predict the full extent of prokaryotic glycosylation , it is clear from the diversity of prokaryotic glycoproteins discovered in recent years that glycosylation in these organi... | recent years have witnessed a rapid growth in the number and diversity of prokaryotic proteins shown to carry n- and/or o - glycans , with protein glycosylation now considered as fundamental to the biology of these organisms as it is in eukaryotic systems .
this article overviews the major glycosylation pathways tha... | 1. Introduction
2. Oligosaccharyltransferase-Mediated N-Glycosylation Occurs in All Three Domains of Life
3.
4. Bacteria Have Oligosaccharyltransferase-Mediated O-Glycosylation Pathways
5. Processive O-Glycosylation Systems in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
6. Predicting O-Glycosylation Sites in Bacterial Proteins
7. ... |
all reactions were carried out
under a nitrogen atmosphere in oven- or flame - dried glassware . all
catalysts and reagents were obtained from commercial sources and were
used without further purification with the exception of bf3oet2 , which was purified by distillation from cah2 .
n - allyl-4-methylaniline , 2-... | intramolecular pd - catalyzed alkene
carboamination reactions of
substituted 2-allyl - n-(2-bromobenzyl)anilines are
described .
the substrates for these reactions are generated in two
steps from readily available 2-allylanilines and 2-bromobenzaldehyde
derivatives .
the transformations afford substitute... | Experimental Section |
therapeutic high intensity focused ultrasound ( hifu ) or focused ultrasound ( fus ) is a noninvasive medical treatment that allows the deposition of energy inside the human body .
the energy levels carried in the ultrasound beam are several orders of magnitude greater than those of a standard diagnostic ultrasound bea... | ultrasound - mediated drug delivery under the guidance of an imaging modality can improve drug disposition and achieve site - specific drug delivery .
the term focal drug delivery has been introduced to describe the focal targeting of drugs in tissues with the help of imaging and focused ultrasound .
focal drug de... | 1. Introduction
2. Fundamentals of Focused Ultrasound Treatments
3. Image Guided Focused Ultrasound Mediated Drug Delivery |
the online version of this article ( doi:10.1007/s00125 - 010 - 1903 - 9 ) contains supplementary material , which is available to authorised users .
possible environmental diabetogenic factors are dietary products and bacterial / viral infections [ 1 , 2 ] . these diabetogenic triggers can induce an immune cascade , e... | aims / hypothesisimpaired intestinal barrier function is observed in type 1 diabetes patients and animal models of the disease . exposure to diabetogenic antigens from the intestinal milieu due to a compromised intestinal barrier
is considered essential for induction of the autoimmune process leading to type 1 diabe... | Electronic supplementary material
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Electronic supplementary material |
methylmercury is efficiently accumulated
through estuarine food
webs , such that concentrations in fish are controlled by initial ch3hg assimilation at the base of the food web .
sources and pathways of ch3hg and hg accumulation in lower trophic levels
are therefore fundamental to understanding hg cycling in estu... | mercury
is a widespread contaminant in marine food webs , and identifying
uptake pathways of mercury species , ch3hg+ and
hg2 + , into low trophic level organisms is important to
understanding its entry into marine food webs .
enriched stable isotope
tracers were used to study benthic vs. pelagic pathways ... | Introduction
Methods
Sample
Preparation and Analyses
Results
Discussion |
with an annual death toll of more than one million people , the tropical disease malaria is considered one of the most significant infectious diseases worldwide .
malaria is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus plasmodium and transmitted by blood - feeding anopheline mosquitoes . during their life cycle ,
plasmod... | the tropical disease malaria , which results in more than one million deaths annually , is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus plasmodium and transmitted by blood - feeding anopheline mosquitoes .
parasite transition from the human host to the mosquito vector is mediated by gametocytes , sexual stages that ar... | 1. Introduction
2. Gametocyte Differentiation in the Human
3. Gametocyte Activation in the Mosquito Midgut
4. Gametocyte Egress from the Host Erythrocyte
5. Exflagellation and Gamete Formation
6. Mating of Malaria Parasites
7. Concluding Remarks |
protein solvation determines to a large
extent the physicochemical
behavior of proteins , and it is therefore an essential part of their
exerted function . in particular , complex formation , which is involved
in almost all protein functions , depends on the detailed balance between
solvent solute and solute... | solvation forces are crucial determinants in the equilibrium
between
the folded and unfolded state of proteins .
particularly interesting
are the solvent forces of denaturing solvent mixtures on folded and
misfolded states of proteins involved in neurodegeneration .
the c - terminal
globular domain of th... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion |
melting point determinations
were performed by the open capillary method and are reported uncorrected .
h and c nmr chemical shifts ( ) are reported
in parts per million ( ppm ) relative to tms , and coupling constants j are reported to the nearest 0.1 hz .
c , ch , ch2 , or ch3c signals are assigned from dept-90 ... | the reagent 3-chloro-1-lithiopropene
( 4 ) can
be generated by treating 1-bromo-3-chloropropene with t - buli .
it is unstable but if generated at low temperature
in the presence of alkylboronic esters , such as 3 , is
trapped in situ to give rearrangement products 2 , which
on oxidation give 3-alkylprop-1... | Experimental Section |
although liver resections have been associated with high mortality and morbidity rates , recent advances in anesthetic and surgical management have significantly reduced the operative risk .
the techniques of vascular control during hepatectomy are highly demanding and should be performed under special anesthetic consi... |
background . hazards of liver surgery have been attenuated by the evolution in methods of hepatic vascular control and the anesthetic management . in this paper ,
the anesthetic considerations during hepatic vascular occlusion techniques were reviewed .
methods . a medline literature search using the terms anes... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Conclusions |
technological advances in three - dimensional ( 3d ) imaging such as cone - beam computed tomography ( cbct ) appear to offer significant advantages in both quality and quantity of data representing true anatomy
,
.
the increased use of computed tomography in dentistry has also spurred the improvement of existi... | objective the purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy and reliability of two methods of measurements of linear distances ( multiplanar 2d and tridimensional reconstruction 3d ) obtained from cone - beam computed tomography ( cbct ) with different voxel sizes.material and methods ten dry human mandibles wer... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Image measurements
Statistical analyses
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
anorexia is an eating disorder that generally affects adolescents , triggering severe relational imbalance to the family .
the emotional functioning of families with an anorexic adolescent plays a pivotal role in the evolution of the disorder and in the therapies addressed not only to the adolescents but to the family ... | backgrounda growing body of literature has been focusing on individual alexithymia in anorexia nervosa , while there are only scarce and conflicting studies on alexithymia in the families of anorexic patients , despite the important role played by family dynamics in the development of the anorexic disorder , especiall... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Participants
Instruments
TAS-20
TSIA
Procedure
Analysis
Results
Single family analysis
Alexithymia categories for family, family members, and couples
Family analysis: overall level of family alexithymia
Family members analysis
Family couple contrasts analysis
Discussion
Conclusion |
vigabatrin , an irreversible inhibitor of gamma aminobutyric acid ( gaba ) transaminase ( gaba - t ) was specifically designed to be a suicide substrate for this enzyme and thereby augment tissue gaba concentrations for the treatment of epilepsy .
it was first licensed as an antiepileptic agent in the uk and the republ... | vigabatrin , the first therapeutic agent to be approved by the food and drug administration for the treatment of infantile spasms , as well as for adjunctive use in the treatment of refractory complex partial epilepsy , represents an important advance for patients with difficult - to - manage epilepsy .
this review ... | Introduction
Pharmacology
Efficacy of vigabatrin in infantile spasms
Role of vigabatrin in treatment of tuberous sclerosis-associated infantile spasms
Retinal toxicity
White matter changes
Conclusion |
noncoding regions are the major part of eukaryote genomes , and most of them are believed to evolve neutrally ( kimura 1983 ) . under this assumption
, we expect that the frequency of a particular short oligonucleotide , or dna word , of 10 bp or shorter should be primarily determined through accumulation of neutral mu... | eukaryote genomes contain many noncoding regions , and they are quite complex . to understand these complexities , we constructed a database , genome composition database , for the whole genome composition statistics for 101 eukaryote genome data , as well as more than 1,000 prokaryote genomes .
frequencies of all p... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Supplementary Material |
despite positive changes in professional definitions , such as removal of homosexuality from dsm in 1973 , deviations from gender specific heterosexual development still constitute a reason for concern for most of the parents .
unique stressors associated with homosexuality such as stigma , discrimination and bully vic... | both youngsters and adults with same - sex attraction are at greater risk for negative health outcomes . despite mounting efforts to determine the biological background ,
a satisfactory conclusion has not been reached and there is a need to explore alternate factors like functioning of thyroid system during pregnanc... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion and Conclusions |
in recent years , it has been revealed that astrocytes perform a significantly wider range of functions than previously appreciated .
interest in astrocyte function has increased dramatically because of their newly discovered roles in synapse formation , maturation , efficacy , and plasticity . today , astrocytes are r... | a growing body of research indicates a pivotal role for astrocytes at the developing synapse .
in particular , astrocytes are dynamically involved in governing synapse structure , function , and plasticity . in the postnatal brain ,
their appearance at synapses coincides with periods of developmental plasticity wh... | 1. Introduction
2. Astrocyte Diversity
3. Astrocytes Influence Synapse Formation
4. Astrocytes Modulate Synaptic Transmission
5. Astrocytes and Pathology: Contributions
6. Fragile X Neurobiology
7. Astrocyte Involvement in Fragile X
8. Closing Remarks |
tiered approaches are the basis of environmental risk assessment schemes that support the registration of pesticides ( e.g. campbell et al .
2008 ) . in this context , a tier is defined as a complete exposure or affects assessment resulting in an appropriate predicted environmental concentration ( pec ) or regulatory a... | threshold concentrations for treatment related effects of 31 insecticides , as derived from aquatic micro-/mesocosm tests , were used to calibrate the predictive value of the european tier-1 acute effect assessment on basis of laboratory toxicity tests with daphnia magna , chironomus spp . , americamysis bahia and gam... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.