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gr-qc/0311067
Diego Pavon
Winfried Zimdahl, Diego Pavon
Statefinder parameters for interacting dark energy
11 pages, two encapsulated eps figures, key words: cosmology, accelerated expansion, statefinder parameters
Gen.Rel.Grav. 36 (2004) 1483-1491
10.1023/B:GERG.0000022584.54115.9e
null
gr-qc astro-ph hep-ph hep-th
null
We argue that the recently introduced "statefinder parameters" (Sahni et al., JETP Lett. 77, 201 (2003)), that include the third derivative of the cosmic scale factor, are useful tools to characterize interacting quitessence models. We specify the statefinder parameters for two classes of models that solve, or at least alleviate, the coincidence problem.
[ { "created": "Thu, 20 Nov 2003 16:08:03 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-11-10
[ [ "Zimdahl", "Winfried", "" ], [ "Pavon", "Diego", "" ] ]
We argue that the recently introduced "statefinder parameters" (Sahni et al., JETP Lett. 77, 201 (2003)), that include the third derivative of the cosmic scale factor, are useful tools to characterize interacting quitessence models. We specify the statefinder parameters for two classes of models that solve, or at least alleviate, the coincidence problem.
gr-qc/9412072
Ed Seidel
Steven R. Brandt and Edward Seidel
The Evolution of Distorted Rotating Black Holes I: Methods and Tests
22 pages, LaTeX with RevTeX 3.0 macros. 16 uuencoded gz-compressed postscript figures. Also available at http://jean-luc.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Papers/ Submitted to Physical Review D
Phys.Rev. D52 (1995) 856-869
10.1103/PhysRevD.52.856
null
gr-qc
null
We have developed a new numerical code to study the evolution of distorted, rotating black holes. We discuss the numerical methods and gauge conditions we developed to evolve such spacetimes. The code has been put through a series of tests, and we report on (a) results of comparisons with codes designed to evolve non-rotating holes, (b) evolution of Kerr spacetimes for which analytic properties are known, and (c) the evolution of distorted rotating holes. The code accurately reproduces results of the previous NCSA non-rotating code and passes convergence tests. New features of the evolution of rotating black holes not seen in non-rotating holes are identified. With this code we can evolve rotating black holes up to about $t=100M$, depending on the resolution and angular momentum. We also describe a new family of black hole initial data sets which represent rotating holes with a wide range of distortion parameters, and distorted non-rotating black holes with odd-parity radiation. Finally, we study the limiting slices for a maximally sliced rotating black hole and find good agreement with theoretical predictions.
[ { "created": "Thu, 22 Dec 1994 17:48:45 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-10-22
[ [ "Brandt", "Steven R.", "" ], [ "Seidel", "Edward", "" ] ]
We have developed a new numerical code to study the evolution of distorted, rotating black holes. We discuss the numerical methods and gauge conditions we developed to evolve such spacetimes. The code has been put through a series of tests, and we report on (a) results of comparisons with codes designed to evolve non-rotating holes, (b) evolution of Kerr spacetimes for which analytic properties are known, and (c) the evolution of distorted rotating holes. The code accurately reproduces results of the previous NCSA non-rotating code and passes convergence tests. New features of the evolution of rotating black holes not seen in non-rotating holes are identified. With this code we can evolve rotating black holes up to about $t=100M$, depending on the resolution and angular momentum. We also describe a new family of black hole initial data sets which represent rotating holes with a wide range of distortion parameters, and distorted non-rotating black holes with odd-parity radiation. Finally, we study the limiting slices for a maximally sliced rotating black hole and find good agreement with theoretical predictions.
2203.10872
Gihyuk Cho
Gihyuk Cho
Third post-Newtonian gravitational radiation from two-body scattering II. Hereditary Energy radiation
null
null
10.1103/PhysRevD.105.104035
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
We compute the hereditary part of the third post-Newtonian accurate gravitational energy radiation from hyperbolic scatterings (and parabolic scatterings) of non-spinning compact objects. We employ large angular momentum ($j$) expansion, and compute it to the relative $1/j^{11}$ order (so the first 12 terms). For parabolic scattering case, the exact solution is computed. At the end, the completely collected expression of the energy radiation upto the third post-Newtonian and from $1/j^{3}$ to $1/j^{15}$ order, is presented including the instantaneous contribution.
[ { "created": "Mon, 21 Mar 2022 10:51:40 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sun, 2 Oct 2022 01:25:30 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2022-10-04
[ [ "Cho", "Gihyuk", "" ] ]
We compute the hereditary part of the third post-Newtonian accurate gravitational energy radiation from hyperbolic scatterings (and parabolic scatterings) of non-spinning compact objects. We employ large angular momentum ($j$) expansion, and compute it to the relative $1/j^{11}$ order (so the first 12 terms). For parabolic scattering case, the exact solution is computed. At the end, the completely collected expression of the energy radiation upto the third post-Newtonian and from $1/j^{3}$ to $1/j^{15}$ order, is presented including the instantaneous contribution.
1201.3504
Jose Navarro
J. Navarro, J. B. Sancho
Energy and electromagnetism of a differential form
28 pages. Referee's suggestions added. To appear in Journal of Mathematical Physics
J. Math. Phys. 53, 102501 (2012)
10.1063/1.4754817
null
gr-qc math-ph math.DG math.MP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Let X be a smooth manifold of dimension 1+n endowed with a lorentzian metric g, and let T be the electromagnetic energy tensor associated to a 2-form F. In this paper we characterize this tensor T as the only 2-covariant natural tensor associated to a lorentzian metric and a 2-form that is independent of the unit of scale and satisfies certain condition on its divergence. This characterization is motivated on physical grounds, and can be used to justify the Einstein-Maxwell field equations. More generally, we characterize in a similar manner the energy tensor associated to a differential form of arbitrary order k. Finally, we develop a generalized theory of electromagnetism where charged particles are not punctual, but of an arbitrary fixed dimension p. In this theory, the electromagnetic field F is a differential form of order 2+p and its electromagnetic energy tensor is precisely the energy tensor associated to F.
[ { "created": "Tue, 17 Jan 2012 13:00:35 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 27 Feb 2012 12:49:51 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 17 Sep 2012 10:34:45 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2012-10-23
[ [ "Navarro", "J.", "" ], [ "Sancho", "J. B.", "" ] ]
Let X be a smooth manifold of dimension 1+n endowed with a lorentzian metric g, and let T be the electromagnetic energy tensor associated to a 2-form F. In this paper we characterize this tensor T as the only 2-covariant natural tensor associated to a lorentzian metric and a 2-form that is independent of the unit of scale and satisfies certain condition on its divergence. This characterization is motivated on physical grounds, and can be used to justify the Einstein-Maxwell field equations. More generally, we characterize in a similar manner the energy tensor associated to a differential form of arbitrary order k. Finally, we develop a generalized theory of electromagnetism where charged particles are not punctual, but of an arbitrary fixed dimension p. In this theory, the electromagnetic field F is a differential form of order 2+p and its electromagnetic energy tensor is precisely the energy tensor associated to F.
2306.08081
Muhammad Zubair
M. Zubair, Mushayydha Farooq
Bouncing behaviours in four dimensional Einstein Gauss-Bonnet gravity with Cosmography and Observational constraints
24 pages, 25 figures
Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2023) 138:173
null
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This manuscript is based on an investigation of bouncing cosmology in a 4D Einstein Gauss-Bonnet gravity. Various bouncing models such as symmetric bounce, matter bounce, super bounce, and oscillatory bounce have been examined. Expressions for energy density, pressure, equation of state parameter have been derived in the most general manner and then reduced to 4D Einstein Gauss-Bonnet gravity for isotropic, homogenous, FLRW cosmos. Physical interpretation of Hubble and deceleration parameters has also been discussed and plotted for each model from non-vanishing scale factors. Non-singular bouncing models indulge in accelerating late-time cosmic acceleration phenomenon. It has been analysed that the Gauss-Bonnet coupling parameter has a lesser contribution to the dynamics of modified gravity while the bouncing parameter has noticeable effects. We have examined various energy conditions and witnessed the violation of strong and null energy conditions in bouncing models. Analytical expressions for jerk and snap parameters have also been calculated in terms of cosmic time and redshift. We have explored bouncing models through specific cosmographic tests to check their validity. Also, through stability analysis, matter bounce becomes the most stable model by increasing the value of the bouncing parameter. To find best-fit values, bouncing models have been constrained with Hubble data set and $\Lambda$CDM. We have calculated the values of parameters by applying the least-square fitting method. To make this analysis quantified, we have employed reduced chi-squared method on $H(z)$ data sets for each model.
[ { "created": "Wed, 31 May 2023 07:12:49 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2023-06-16
[ [ "Zubair", "M.", "" ], [ "Farooq", "Mushayydha", "" ] ]
This manuscript is based on an investigation of bouncing cosmology in a 4D Einstein Gauss-Bonnet gravity. Various bouncing models such as symmetric bounce, matter bounce, super bounce, and oscillatory bounce have been examined. Expressions for energy density, pressure, equation of state parameter have been derived in the most general manner and then reduced to 4D Einstein Gauss-Bonnet gravity for isotropic, homogenous, FLRW cosmos. Physical interpretation of Hubble and deceleration parameters has also been discussed and plotted for each model from non-vanishing scale factors. Non-singular bouncing models indulge in accelerating late-time cosmic acceleration phenomenon. It has been analysed that the Gauss-Bonnet coupling parameter has a lesser contribution to the dynamics of modified gravity while the bouncing parameter has noticeable effects. We have examined various energy conditions and witnessed the violation of strong and null energy conditions in bouncing models. Analytical expressions for jerk and snap parameters have also been calculated in terms of cosmic time and redshift. We have explored bouncing models through specific cosmographic tests to check their validity. Also, through stability analysis, matter bounce becomes the most stable model by increasing the value of the bouncing parameter. To find best-fit values, bouncing models have been constrained with Hubble data set and $\Lambda$CDM. We have calculated the values of parameters by applying the least-square fitting method. To make this analysis quantified, we have employed reduced chi-squared method on $H(z)$ data sets for each model.
1506.02497
Prado Martin-Moruno
Prado Martin-Moruno, Nelson J. Nunes
Attracted to de Sitter II: cosmology of the shift-symmetric Horndeski models
V1: 20 pages, 11 figures. V2: 1 reference added. V3: 21 pages. Clarifications in the discussion; no physics changes. This version accepted for publication in JCAP
JCAP 09 (2015) 056
10.1088/1475-7516/2015/09/056
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Horndeski models with a de Sitter critical point for any kind of material content may provide a mechanism to alleviate the cosmological constant problem. Moreover, they could allow us to understand the current accelerated expansion of the universe as the result of the dynamical approach to the critical point when it is an attractor. We show that this critical point is indeed an attractor for the shift- symmetric subfamily of models with these characteristics. We study the cosmological scenario that results when considering radiation and matter content, and conclude that their background dynamics is compatible with the latest observational data.
[ { "created": "Mon, 8 Jun 2015 13:42:31 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 9 Jun 2015 10:00:50 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Wed, 23 Sep 2015 14:26:12 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2015-09-30
[ [ "Martin-Moruno", "Prado", "" ], [ "Nunes", "Nelson J.", "" ] ]
Horndeski models with a de Sitter critical point for any kind of material content may provide a mechanism to alleviate the cosmological constant problem. Moreover, they could allow us to understand the current accelerated expansion of the universe as the result of the dynamical approach to the critical point when it is an attractor. We show that this critical point is indeed an attractor for the shift- symmetric subfamily of models with these characteristics. We study the cosmological scenario that results when considering radiation and matter content, and conclude that their background dynamics is compatible with the latest observational data.
gr-qc/9712043
Andrew T. Sornborger
Peter D'Eath and Andrew Sornborger
Persistence Amplitudes from Numerical Quantum Gravity
22 pages, 12 figures (bitmapped postscript), a postscript version of this paper with high quality postscript figures may be found at http://www-astro-theory.fnal.gov/Personal/ats/welcome.html
Class.Quant.Grav.15:3435-3447,1998
10.1088/0264-9381/15/11/010
DAMTP Relativity Group Preprint: DAMTP-R97/56 and Fermilab Preprint: Pub-97/364-A
gr-qc
null
The Euclidean quantum amplitude to go between data specified on an initial and a final hypersurface may be approximated by the tree amplitude exp(-I_{classical}/\hbar), where I_{classical} is the Euclidean action of the classical solution joining the initial and final data. In certain cases the tree amplitude is exact. We study I_{classical} hence the quantum amplitude, in the case of a spherically symmetric Riemannian gravitational field coupled to a spherically symmetric scalar field. The classical scalar field obeys an elliptic equation, which we solve using relaxation techniques, in conjunction with the field equations giving the gravitational field. An example of the transition from linearity to non-linearity is presented and power law behavior of the action is demonstrated.
[ { "created": "Tue, 9 Dec 1997 17:13:45 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2014-11-17
[ [ "D'Eath", "Peter", "" ], [ "Sornborger", "Andrew", "" ] ]
The Euclidean quantum amplitude to go between data specified on an initial and a final hypersurface may be approximated by the tree amplitude exp(-I_{classical}/\hbar), where I_{classical} is the Euclidean action of the classical solution joining the initial and final data. In certain cases the tree amplitude is exact. We study I_{classical} hence the quantum amplitude, in the case of a spherically symmetric Riemannian gravitational field coupled to a spherically symmetric scalar field. The classical scalar field obeys an elliptic equation, which we solve using relaxation techniques, in conjunction with the field equations giving the gravitational field. An example of the transition from linearity to non-linearity is presented and power law behavior of the action is demonstrated.
gr-qc/9703015
Markus Heusler
Markus Heusler
Mass formulae for a class of nonrotating black holes
18 pages, revtex, no figures
null
10.1103/PhysRevD.56.961
ZU-TH 6/97
gr-qc
null
In the presence of a Killing symmetry, various self-gravitating field theories with massless scalars (moduli) and vector fields reduce to sigma-models, effectively coupled to 3-dimensional gravity. We argue that this particular structure of the Einstein-matter equations gives rise to quadratic relations between the asymptotic flux integrals and the area and surface gravity (Hawking temperature) of the horizon. The method is first illustrated for the Einstein-Maxwell system. A derivation of the quadratic formula is then also presented for the Einstein-Maxwell-axion-dilaton model, which is relevant to the bosonic sector of heterotic string theory.
[ { "created": "Thu, 6 Mar 1997 13:55:54 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2016-08-31
[ [ "Heusler", "Markus", "" ] ]
In the presence of a Killing symmetry, various self-gravitating field theories with massless scalars (moduli) and vector fields reduce to sigma-models, effectively coupled to 3-dimensional gravity. We argue that this particular structure of the Einstein-matter equations gives rise to quadratic relations between the asymptotic flux integrals and the area and surface gravity (Hawking temperature) of the horizon. The method is first illustrated for the Einstein-Maxwell system. A derivation of the quadratic formula is then also presented for the Einstein-Maxwell-axion-dilaton model, which is relevant to the bosonic sector of heterotic string theory.
gr-qc/9801102
Herman Julio Mosqueira Cuesta
H. J. Mosquera Cuesta(1), J. C. N. de Araujo(1), O. D. Aguiar(1), and J. E. Horvath(2) ((1) Divisao Astrofisica - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE (2) Instituto Astronomico e Geofisico - Universidade de Sao Paulo)
Gravitational-wave bursts from soft gamma-ray repeaters: Can they be detected?
5 pages, [prl]{revtex}, 1 PS figure included. To appear in Physical Review Letters
Phys.Rev.Lett.80:2988-2991,1998
10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.2988
null
gr-qc astro-ph
null
In this letter we suggest a scenario for simultaneous emission of gravitational-wave and $\gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs) from soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs). we argue that both of the radiations can be generated by a super-Eddington accreting neutron stars in X-ray binaries. In this model a supercritical accretion transient takes back onto the remnant star the disk leftover by the hydrodynamic instability phase of a low magnetized, rapidly rotating neutron star in a X-ray binary system. We estimate the rise timescale $\Delta t_c = 0.21 ms$, minimum mass accretion rate needed to trigger the $\gamma$-ray emission, $\dot{M}_\lambda = 4.5 \times 10^{28} g$, and its effective associated temperature $T_{eff} = 740 keV$, and the timescale for repeating a burst of $\gamma$-rays $\Delta \tau_R = 11.3 yr$. Altogether, we find the associated GW amplitude and frequency to be $h_c = 2.7 \times 10^{-23}/{(Hz)}^{1/2}$ and $f_{gw} = 966 Hz$, for a source distance $\sim 55 kpc$. Detectability of the pulses by t he forthcoming GW anntenas is discussed and found likely.
[ { "created": "Thu, 29 Jan 1998 15:59:54 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2011-05-24
[ [ "Cuesta", "H. J. Mosquera", "" ], [ "de Araujo", "J. C. N.", "" ], [ "Aguiar", "O. D.", "" ], [ "Horvath", "J. E.", "" ] ]
In this letter we suggest a scenario for simultaneous emission of gravitational-wave and $\gamma$-ray bursts (GRBs) from soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs). we argue that both of the radiations can be generated by a super-Eddington accreting neutron stars in X-ray binaries. In this model a supercritical accretion transient takes back onto the remnant star the disk leftover by the hydrodynamic instability phase of a low magnetized, rapidly rotating neutron star in a X-ray binary system. We estimate the rise timescale $\Delta t_c = 0.21 ms$, minimum mass accretion rate needed to trigger the $\gamma$-ray emission, $\dot{M}_\lambda = 4.5 \times 10^{28} g$, and its effective associated temperature $T_{eff} = 740 keV$, and the timescale for repeating a burst of $\gamma$-rays $\Delta \tau_R = 11.3 yr$. Altogether, we find the associated GW amplitude and frequency to be $h_c = 2.7 \times 10^{-23}/{(Hz)}^{1/2}$ and $f_{gw} = 966 Hz$, for a source distance $\sim 55 kpc$. Detectability of the pulses by t he forthcoming GW anntenas is discussed and found likely.
1811.09589
Camilo Posada
Camilo Posada and Cecilia Chirenti
On the radial stability of ultra compact Schwarzschild stars beyond the Buchdahl limit
16 pages, 8 figures; minor revisions, two plots and references added, accepted for publication in CQG
Class. Quantum Grav. 36, 065004 (2019)
10.1088/1361-6382/ab0526
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper we used the theory of adiabatic radial oscillations developed by Chandrasekhar to study the conditions for dynamical stability of constant energy-density stars, or Schwarzschild stars, in the unstudied ultra compact regime beyond the Buchdahl limit, that is, for configurations with radius $R$ in the range $R_{\rm S}<R<(9/8)R_{\rm S}$, where $R_{\rm S}$ is the Schwarzschild radius of the star. These recently found analytical solutions exhibit a negative pressure region in their centre and, in the limit when $R\to R_{\rm S}$, the full interior region of the star becomes filled with negative pressure. Here we present a systematic analysis of the stability of these configurations against radial perturbations. We found that, contrary to the usual expectation found in many classical works, the ultra compact Schwarzschild star is stable against radial oscillations. We computed values of the critical adiabatic index $\gamma_{c}$ for several stellar models with varying radius $R/R_{\rm S}$ and found that it also approaches a finite value as $R/R_{\rm S} \to 1$
[ { "created": "Fri, 23 Nov 2018 18:26:05 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 1 Feb 2019 17:22:00 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2019-02-20
[ [ "Posada", "Camilo", "" ], [ "Chirenti", "Cecilia", "" ] ]
In this paper we used the theory of adiabatic radial oscillations developed by Chandrasekhar to study the conditions for dynamical stability of constant energy-density stars, or Schwarzschild stars, in the unstudied ultra compact regime beyond the Buchdahl limit, that is, for configurations with radius $R$ in the range $R_{\rm S}<R<(9/8)R_{\rm S}$, where $R_{\rm S}$ is the Schwarzschild radius of the star. These recently found analytical solutions exhibit a negative pressure region in their centre and, in the limit when $R\to R_{\rm S}$, the full interior region of the star becomes filled with negative pressure. Here we present a systematic analysis of the stability of these configurations against radial perturbations. We found that, contrary to the usual expectation found in many classical works, the ultra compact Schwarzschild star is stable against radial oscillations. We computed values of the critical adiabatic index $\gamma_{c}$ for several stellar models with varying radius $R/R_{\rm S}$ and found that it also approaches a finite value as $R/R_{\rm S} \to 1$
0902.2356
Christian Corda
Christian Corda
Interferometric detection of gravitational waves arising from extended theories of gravity
To appear in Proceedings of the 3rd Stueckelberg Workshop, July 2008, Pescara, Italy
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Even if Einstein's General Relativity achieved a great success and overcame lots of experimental tests, it also showed some shortcomings and flaws which today advise theorists to ask if it is the definitive theory of gravity. In this letter Proceeding we show that, by assuming that advanced projects on the detection of Gravitational Waves (GWs) will improve their sensitivity, allowing to perform a GWs astronomy, accurate angular and frequency dependent response functions of interferometers for GWs arising from various Theories of Gravity, i.e. General Relativity and Extended Theories of Gravity, could aim in discriminating among various theories.
[ { "created": "Fri, 13 Feb 2009 17:28:44 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-02-16
[ [ "Corda", "Christian", "" ] ]
Even if Einstein's General Relativity achieved a great success and overcame lots of experimental tests, it also showed some shortcomings and flaws which today advise theorists to ask if it is the definitive theory of gravity. In this letter Proceeding we show that, by assuming that advanced projects on the detection of Gravitational Waves (GWs) will improve their sensitivity, allowing to perform a GWs astronomy, accurate angular and frequency dependent response functions of interferometers for GWs arising from various Theories of Gravity, i.e. General Relativity and Extended Theories of Gravity, could aim in discriminating among various theories.
1009.4109
Jonathan Luk
Jonathan Luk
The Null Condition and Global Existence for Nonlinear Wave Equations on Slowly Rotating Kerr Spacetimes
null
null
null
null
gr-qc math-ph math.AP math.MP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study a semilinear equation with derivatives satisfying a null condition on slowly rotating Kerr spacetimes. We prove that given sufficiently small initial data, the solution exists globally in time and decays with a quantitative rate to the trivial solution. The proof uses the robust vector field method. It makes use of the decay properties of the linear wave equation on Kerr spacetime, in particular the improved decay rates in the region $\{r\leq \frac{t}{4}\}$.
[ { "created": "Tue, 21 Sep 2010 14:22:35 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-09-22
[ [ "Luk", "Jonathan", "" ] ]
We study a semilinear equation with derivatives satisfying a null condition on slowly rotating Kerr spacetimes. We prove that given sufficiently small initial data, the solution exists globally in time and decays with a quantitative rate to the trivial solution. The proof uses the robust vector field method. It makes use of the decay properties of the linear wave equation on Kerr spacetime, in particular the improved decay rates in the region $\{r\leq \frac{t}{4}\}$.
2406.03909
Saeed Rastgoo
Federica Fragomeno, Douglas M. Gingrich, Samantha Hergott, Saeed Rastgoo, Evan Vienneau
A generalized uncertainty-inspired quantum black hole
35 pages, 7 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We derive the full spacetime metric of a generalized uncertainty-inspired quantum black hole. We examine a previous model of the interior in this approach and show that extending its metric to the full spacetime leads to serious issues in the asymptotic region. To remedy this, we introduce an "improved scheme" mimicking a similar prescription used in loop quantum gravity, where the quantum parameters are made momentum-dependent. Under this scheme, we rework the interior of the black hole and extend it to the full spacetime. We find that the resulting metric is asymptotically flat and its associated Kretschmann scalar is regular everywhere. We also show that the null expansion and Raychaudhuri equation are regular everywhere in this spacetime, implying that the classical singularity is resolved.
[ { "created": "Thu, 6 Jun 2024 09:44:00 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2024-06-07
[ [ "Fragomeno", "Federica", "" ], [ "Gingrich", "Douglas M.", "" ], [ "Hergott", "Samantha", "" ], [ "Rastgoo", "Saeed", "" ], [ "Vienneau", "Evan", "" ] ]
We derive the full spacetime metric of a generalized uncertainty-inspired quantum black hole. We examine a previous model of the interior in this approach and show that extending its metric to the full spacetime leads to serious issues in the asymptotic region. To remedy this, we introduce an "improved scheme" mimicking a similar prescription used in loop quantum gravity, where the quantum parameters are made momentum-dependent. Under this scheme, we rework the interior of the black hole and extend it to the full spacetime. We find that the resulting metric is asymptotically flat and its associated Kretschmann scalar is regular everywhere. We also show that the null expansion and Raychaudhuri equation are regular everywhere in this spacetime, implying that the classical singularity is resolved.
gr-qc/9704008
Robert Manuel Wald
Robert M. Wald
The ``Nernst Theorem'' and Black Hole Thermodynamics
20 pages, plain LaTeX file
Phys. Rev. D 56, 6467 (1997)
10.1103/PhysRevD.56.6467
null
gr-qc cond-mat.stat-mech hep-th
null
The Nernst formulation of the third law of ordinary thermodynamics (often referred to as the ``Nernst theorem'') asserts that the entropy, $S$, of a system must go to zero (or a ``universal constant'') as its temperature, $T$, goes to zero. This assertion is commonly considered to be a fundamental law of thermodynamics. As such, it seems to spoil the otherwise perfect analogy between the ordinary laws of thermodynamics and the laws of black hole mechanics, since rotating black holes in general relativity do not satisfy the analog of the ``Nernst theorem''. The main purpose of this paper is to attempt to lay to rest the ``Nernst theorem'' as a law of thermodynamics. We consider a boson (or fermion) ideal gas with its total angular momentum, $J$, as an additional state parameter, and we analyze the conditions on the single particle density of states, $g(\epsilon,j)$, needed for the Nernst formulation of the third law to hold. (Here, $\epsilon$ and $j$ denote the single particle energy and angular momentum.) Although it is shown that the Nernst formulation of the third law does indeed hold under a wide range of conditions, some simple classes of examples of densities of states which violate the ``Nernst theorem'' are given. In particular, at zero temperature, a boson (or fermion) gas confined to a circular string (whose energy is proportional to its length) not only violates the ``Nernst theorem'' also but reproduces some other thermodynamic properties of an extremal rotating black hole.
[ { "created": "Thu, 3 Apr 1997 19:40:21 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2016-08-25
[ [ "Wald", "Robert M.", "" ] ]
The Nernst formulation of the third law of ordinary thermodynamics (often referred to as the ``Nernst theorem'') asserts that the entropy, $S$, of a system must go to zero (or a ``universal constant'') as its temperature, $T$, goes to zero. This assertion is commonly considered to be a fundamental law of thermodynamics. As such, it seems to spoil the otherwise perfect analogy between the ordinary laws of thermodynamics and the laws of black hole mechanics, since rotating black holes in general relativity do not satisfy the analog of the ``Nernst theorem''. The main purpose of this paper is to attempt to lay to rest the ``Nernst theorem'' as a law of thermodynamics. We consider a boson (or fermion) ideal gas with its total angular momentum, $J$, as an additional state parameter, and we analyze the conditions on the single particle density of states, $g(\epsilon,j)$, needed for the Nernst formulation of the third law to hold. (Here, $\epsilon$ and $j$ denote the single particle energy and angular momentum.) Although it is shown that the Nernst formulation of the third law does indeed hold under a wide range of conditions, some simple classes of examples of densities of states which violate the ``Nernst theorem'' are given. In particular, at zero temperature, a boson (or fermion) gas confined to a circular string (whose energy is proportional to its length) not only violates the ``Nernst theorem'' also but reproduces some other thermodynamic properties of an extremal rotating black hole.
gr-qc/9811023
Garcia
L.C.Garcia de Andrade
Space-time defects :Domain walls and torsion
J.Math.Phys.39,(1998),Jan. issue
J.Math.Phys. 39 (1998) 372-379
10.1063/1.532318
null
gr-qc
null
The theory of distributions in non-Riemannian spaces is used to obtain exact static thin domain wall solutions of Einstein-Cartan equations of gravity. Curvature $ \delta $-singularities are found while Cartan torsion is given by Heaviside functions. Weitzenb\"{o}ck planar walls are caracterized by torsion $\delta$-singularities and zero curvature. It is shown that Weitzenb\"{o}ck static thin domain walls do not exist exactly as in general relativity. The global structure of Weitzenb\"{o}ck nonstatic torsion walls is investigated.
[ { "created": "Fri, 6 Nov 1998 20:51:40 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-25
[ [ "de Andrade", "L. C. Garcia", "" ] ]
The theory of distributions in non-Riemannian spaces is used to obtain exact static thin domain wall solutions of Einstein-Cartan equations of gravity. Curvature $ \delta $-singularities are found while Cartan torsion is given by Heaviside functions. Weitzenb\"{o}ck planar walls are caracterized by torsion $\delta$-singularities and zero curvature. It is shown that Weitzenb\"{o}ck static thin domain walls do not exist exactly as in general relativity. The global structure of Weitzenb\"{o}ck nonstatic torsion walls is investigated.
1112.3567
Benjamin Bahr
Benjamin Bahr
Operator Spin Foams: holonomy formulation and coarse graining
5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Journal of Physics: Conference Series. (JPCS)
null
10.1088/1742-6596/360/1/012042
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
A dual holonomy version of operator spin foam models is presented, which is particularly adapted to the notion of coarse graining. We discuss how this leads to a natural way of comparing models on different discretization scales, and a notion of renormalization group flow on the partially ordered set of 2-complexes.
[ { "created": "Thu, 15 Dec 2011 16:52:42 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-03
[ [ "Bahr", "Benjamin", "" ] ]
A dual holonomy version of operator spin foam models is presented, which is particularly adapted to the notion of coarse graining. We discuss how this leads to a natural way of comparing models on different discretization scales, and a notion of renormalization group flow on the partially ordered set of 2-complexes.
1505.06691
Fatimah Shojai
F. Shojai and A. Shojai
The equivalence principle and the relative velocity of local inertial frames
1 Figure
Am. J. Phys., Vol. 83, No. 6, June 2015
10.1119/1.4913901
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper we explicitly show that in general relativity, the relative velocity of two local inertial frames is always less than the velocity of light. This fact is a by-product of the equivalence principle. The general result is then illustrated within two examples, the FLRW cosmological model and the Schwarzschild metric.
[ { "created": "Mon, 25 May 2015 16:57:55 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-05-26
[ [ "Shojai", "F.", "" ], [ "Shojai", "A.", "" ] ]
In this paper we explicitly show that in general relativity, the relative velocity of two local inertial frames is always less than the velocity of light. This fact is a by-product of the equivalence principle. The general result is then illustrated within two examples, the FLRW cosmological model and the Schwarzschild metric.
gr-qc/9301013
null
M.Campanelli and C.O.Lousto
"Are Black Holes in Brans-Dicke Theory precisely the same as in General Relativity?"
13pages, Plain Tex
Int.J.Mod.Phys.D2:451-462,1993
10.1142/S0218271893000325
null
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
null
We study a three-parameters family of solutions of the Brans-Dicke field equations. They are static and spherically symmetric. We find the range of parameters for which this solution represents a black hole different from the Schwarzschild one. We find a subfamily of solutions which agrees with experiments and observations in the solar system. We discuss some astrophysical applications and the consequences on the "no hair" theorems for black holes.
[ { "created": "Thu, 14 Jan 1993 13:08:56 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sun, 17 Jan 1993 16:06:55 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 25 Jan 1993 17:34:34 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2010-11-01
[ [ "Campanelli", "M.", "" ], [ "Lousto", "C. O.", "" ] ]
We study a three-parameters family of solutions of the Brans-Dicke field equations. They are static and spherically symmetric. We find the range of parameters for which this solution represents a black hole different from the Schwarzschild one. We find a subfamily of solutions which agrees with experiments and observations in the solar system. We discuss some astrophysical applications and the consequences on the "no hair" theorems for black holes.
1510.05593
Abhay Ashtekar
Abhay Ashtekar, B\'eatrice Bonga, Aruna Kesavan
Asymptotics with a positive cosmological constant: III. The quadrupole formula
31 pages, 2 figures
Phys. Rev. D92, 10432 (21 pages) (2015)
10.1103/PhysRevD.92.104032
IGC-1509/2
gr-qc hep-th math-ph math.MP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Almost a century ago, Einstein used a weak field approximation around Minkowski space-time to calculate the energy carried away by gravitational waves emitted by a time changing mass-quadrupole. However, by now there is strong observational evidence for a positive cosmological constant, $\Lambda$. To incorporate this fact, Einstein's celebrated derivation is generalized by replacing Minkowski space-time with de Sitter space-time. The investigation is motivated by the fact that, because of the significant differences between the asymptotic structures of Minkowski and de Sitter space-times, many of the standard techniques, including the standard $1/r$ expansions, can not be used for $\Lambda >0$. Furthermore since, e.g., the energy carried by gravitational waves is always positive in Minkowski space-time but can be arbitrarily negative in de Sitter space-time \emph{irrespective of how small $\Lambda$ is}, the limit $\Lambda\to 0$ can fail to be continuous. Therefore, a priori it is not clear that a small $\Lambda$ would introduce only negligible corrections to Einstein's formula. We show that, while even a tiny cosmological constant does introduce qualitatively new features, in the end, corrections to Einstein's formula are negligible for astrophysical sources currently under consideration by gravitational wave observatories.
[ { "created": "Mon, 19 Oct 2015 17:26:31 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-11-17
[ [ "Ashtekar", "Abhay", "" ], [ "Bonga", "Béatrice", "" ], [ "Kesavan", "Aruna", "" ] ]
Almost a century ago, Einstein used a weak field approximation around Minkowski space-time to calculate the energy carried away by gravitational waves emitted by a time changing mass-quadrupole. However, by now there is strong observational evidence for a positive cosmological constant, $\Lambda$. To incorporate this fact, Einstein's celebrated derivation is generalized by replacing Minkowski space-time with de Sitter space-time. The investigation is motivated by the fact that, because of the significant differences between the asymptotic structures of Minkowski and de Sitter space-times, many of the standard techniques, including the standard $1/r$ expansions, can not be used for $\Lambda >0$. Furthermore since, e.g., the energy carried by gravitational waves is always positive in Minkowski space-time but can be arbitrarily negative in de Sitter space-time \emph{irrespective of how small $\Lambda$ is}, the limit $\Lambda\to 0$ can fail to be continuous. Therefore, a priori it is not clear that a small $\Lambda$ would introduce only negligible corrections to Einstein's formula. We show that, while even a tiny cosmological constant does introduce qualitatively new features, in the end, corrections to Einstein's formula are negligible for astrophysical sources currently under consideration by gravitational wave observatories.
1807.10085
Donato Bini
Donato Bini, Andrea Geralico, Robert T. Jantzen
Black hole geodesic parallel transport and the Marck recipe for isolating cumulative precession effects
18 pages, RevTex macros
Phys. Rev. D 99, 064041 (2019)
10.1103/PhysRevD.99.064041
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The Wigner rotations arising from the combination of boosts along two different directions are rederived from a relative boost point of view and applied to gyroscope spin precession along timelike geodesics in a Kerr spacetime, clarifying the geometrical properties of Marck's recipe for describing parallel transport along such world lines expressed in terms of the constants of the motion. His final angular velocity isolates the cumulative spin precession angular velocity independent of the spacetime tilting required to keep the spin 4-vector orthogonal to the gyro 4-velocity. As an explicit example the cumulative precession effects are computed for a test gyroscope moving along both bound and unbound equatorial plane geodesic orbits.
[ { "created": "Thu, 26 Jul 2018 12:09:58 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2019-04-03
[ [ "Bini", "Donato", "" ], [ "Geralico", "Andrea", "" ], [ "Jantzen", "Robert T.", "" ] ]
The Wigner rotations arising from the combination of boosts along two different directions are rederived from a relative boost point of view and applied to gyroscope spin precession along timelike geodesics in a Kerr spacetime, clarifying the geometrical properties of Marck's recipe for describing parallel transport along such world lines expressed in terms of the constants of the motion. His final angular velocity isolates the cumulative spin precession angular velocity independent of the spacetime tilting required to keep the spin 4-vector orthogonal to the gyro 4-velocity. As an explicit example the cumulative precession effects are computed for a test gyroscope moving along both bound and unbound equatorial plane geodesic orbits.
1609.01253
Anna Ijjas
Anna Ijjas and Paul J. Steinhardt
Fully stable cosmological solutions with a non-singular classical bounce
6 pages, 4 figures. Version 5 contains minor corrections to coefficients in the first paragraph of Sec. 5 and to the labeling in Fig 2
Phys. Lett. B 764 (2017) pp. 289-294
10.1016/j.physletb.2016.11.047
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We recently showed how it is possible to use a cubic Galileon action to construct classical cosmological solutions that enter a contracting null energy condition (NEC) violating phase, bounce at finite values of the scale factor and exit into an expanding NEC-satisfying phase without encountering any singularities or pathologies. A drawback of these examples is that singular behavior is encountered at some time either just before or just after the NEC-violating phase. In this Letter, we show that it is possible to circumvent this problem by extending our method to actions that include the next order ${\cal L}_4$ Galileon interaction. Using this approach, we construct non-singular classical bouncing cosmological solutions that are non-pathological for all times.
[ { "created": "Mon, 5 Sep 2016 18:54:09 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 12 Sep 2016 04:42:28 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 22 Nov 2016 00:51:54 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Wed, 7 Dec 2016 16:31:32 GMT", "version": "v4" }, { "created": "Wed, 18 Nov 2020 07:46:25 GMT", "version": "v5" } ]
2020-11-19
[ [ "Ijjas", "Anna", "" ], [ "Steinhardt", "Paul J.", "" ] ]
We recently showed how it is possible to use a cubic Galileon action to construct classical cosmological solutions that enter a contracting null energy condition (NEC) violating phase, bounce at finite values of the scale factor and exit into an expanding NEC-satisfying phase without encountering any singularities or pathologies. A drawback of these examples is that singular behavior is encountered at some time either just before or just after the NEC-violating phase. In this Letter, we show that it is possible to circumvent this problem by extending our method to actions that include the next order ${\cal L}_4$ Galileon interaction. Using this approach, we construct non-singular classical bouncing cosmological solutions that are non-pathological for all times.
0904.0422
Jose Socorro Garcia
J. Socorro, M. Sabido, and L. Arturo Ure\~na-L\'opez
Classical and quantum Cosmology of the S\'aez-Ballester theory
9 pages, latex
Fizika B19:177-186,2010
null
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
We study the generalization of the S\'aez-Ballester theory applied to a flat FRW cosmological model. Classical exact solutions up to quadratures are easily obtained using the Hamilton-Jacobi approach. Contrary to claims in the specialized literature, it is shown that the S\'aez-Ballester theory cannot provide a realistic solution to the dark matter problem of Cosmology. Furthermore the quantization procedure of the theory can be simplified by reinterpreting the theory in the Einstein frame, where the scalar field can be interpreted as part of the matter content of the theory, in this approach, exact solutions are also found for the Wheeler-DeWitt equation in the quantum regime.
[ { "created": "Thu, 2 Apr 2009 16:27:29 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2011-08-09
[ [ "Socorro", "J.", "" ], [ "Sabido", "M.", "" ], [ "Ureña-López", "L. Arturo", "" ] ]
We study the generalization of the S\'aez-Ballester theory applied to a flat FRW cosmological model. Classical exact solutions up to quadratures are easily obtained using the Hamilton-Jacobi approach. Contrary to claims in the specialized literature, it is shown that the S\'aez-Ballester theory cannot provide a realistic solution to the dark matter problem of Cosmology. Furthermore the quantization procedure of the theory can be simplified by reinterpreting the theory in the Einstein frame, where the scalar field can be interpreted as part of the matter content of the theory, in this approach, exact solutions are also found for the Wheeler-DeWitt equation in the quantum regime.
2006.05392
T. P. Singh
Meghraj M S, Abhishek Pandey and Tejinder P. Singh
Why does the Kerr-Newman black hole have the same gyromagnetic ratio as the electron?
30 pages
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th quant-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We have recently proposed a deterministic matrix dynamics at the Planck scale, for gravity coupled to Dirac fermions, evolving in the so-called Connes time. By coarse-graining this dynamics over time intervals much larger than Planck time, we derived the space-time manifold, quantum theory, and classical general relativity, as low energy emergent approximations to the underlying matrix dynamics. In the present article, we show how to include Yang-Mills gauge fields in this Planck scale matrix dynamics. We do this by appropriately modifying the fundamental action for the previously introduced `atom' of space-time-matter [which we now call an `aikyon']. This is achieved by modifying the Dirac operator to include a `potential' for the Yang-Mills aspect, and a `current' for the Yang-Mills charge. Our work opens up an avenue for unification of gravity with gauge-fields and Dirac fermions. We show how spontaneous localisation in the matrix dynamics gives rise to general relativity coupled to gauge-fields and relativistic point particles, in the classical limit. We use this formalism to explain the remarkable fact that the Kerr-Newman black hole has the same value for the gyromagnetic ratio as that for a Dirac fermion, both being twice the classical value.
[ { "created": "Tue, 9 Jun 2020 16:42:35 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2020-06-11
[ [ "S", "Meghraj M", "" ], [ "Pandey", "Abhishek", "" ], [ "Singh", "Tejinder P.", "" ] ]
We have recently proposed a deterministic matrix dynamics at the Planck scale, for gravity coupled to Dirac fermions, evolving in the so-called Connes time. By coarse-graining this dynamics over time intervals much larger than Planck time, we derived the space-time manifold, quantum theory, and classical general relativity, as low energy emergent approximations to the underlying matrix dynamics. In the present article, we show how to include Yang-Mills gauge fields in this Planck scale matrix dynamics. We do this by appropriately modifying the fundamental action for the previously introduced `atom' of space-time-matter [which we now call an `aikyon']. This is achieved by modifying the Dirac operator to include a `potential' for the Yang-Mills aspect, and a `current' for the Yang-Mills charge. Our work opens up an avenue for unification of gravity with gauge-fields and Dirac fermions. We show how spontaneous localisation in the matrix dynamics gives rise to general relativity coupled to gauge-fields and relativistic point particles, in the classical limit. We use this formalism to explain the remarkable fact that the Kerr-Newman black hole has the same value for the gyromagnetic ratio as that for a Dirac fermion, both being twice the classical value.
2210.05322
Cosimo Bambi
Cosimo Bambi
Testing Gravity with Black Hole X-Ray Data
35 pages, 13 figures. Chapter for the book "Recent Progress on Gravity Tests" (Eds. C. Bambi and A. C\'ardenas-Avenda\~no, Springer Singapore, expected in 2023). It reviews current X-ray constraints on the Kerr hypothesis and discusses the systematic uncertainties
null
10.1007/978-981-97-2871-8_5
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The analysis of the properties of the X-ray radiation emitted from geometrically thin accretion disks around black holes can be a powerful tool to test General Relativity in the strong field regime. This chapter reviews the state-of-the-art of gravity tests with black hole X-ray data. So far, most efforts have been devoted to test the Kerr hypothesis - namely that the spacetime around astrophysical black holes is described by the Kerr solution - and X-ray data can currently provide among the most stringent constraints on possible deviations from the Kerr geometry. As of now, all X-ray analyses are consistent with the predictions of General Relativity.
[ { "created": "Tue, 11 Oct 2022 10:25:41 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2024-07-12
[ [ "Bambi", "Cosimo", "" ] ]
The analysis of the properties of the X-ray radiation emitted from geometrically thin accretion disks around black holes can be a powerful tool to test General Relativity in the strong field regime. This chapter reviews the state-of-the-art of gravity tests with black hole X-ray data. So far, most efforts have been devoted to test the Kerr hypothesis - namely that the spacetime around astrophysical black holes is described by the Kerr solution - and X-ray data can currently provide among the most stringent constraints on possible deviations from the Kerr geometry. As of now, all X-ray analyses are consistent with the predictions of General Relativity.
1104.4464
Lorenzo Iorio
L. Iorio
On Some Critical Issues of the LAGEOS-Based Tests of the Lense-Thirring Effect
Latex2e, 14 pages, no figures, no tables, 67 references. I thank M. Cerdonio for private communication (September 2010)
J.Mod.Phys.2:210-218,2011
10.4236/jmp.2011.24029
null
gr-qc astro-ph.EP physics.space-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We summarize some critical issues pertaining the tests of the general relativistic Lense-Thirring effect performed by I. Ciufolini and coworkers in the gravitational field of the Earth with the geodetic satellites LAGEOS and LAGEOS II tracked with the Satellite Laser Ranging technique.
[ { "created": "Fri, 22 Apr 2011 15:15:43 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2011-05-24
[ [ "Iorio", "L.", "" ] ]
We summarize some critical issues pertaining the tests of the general relativistic Lense-Thirring effect performed by I. Ciufolini and coworkers in the gravitational field of the Earth with the geodetic satellites LAGEOS and LAGEOS II tracked with the Satellite Laser Ranging technique.
2003.08424
Eduardo Bittencourt
Eduardo Bittencourt, Gabriel G. Carvalho, Iarley P. Lobo, Leandro Santana
On the hypotheses of Penrose's singularity theorem under disformal transformations
10 pages, 3 figures
null
10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-7830-0
null
gr-qc math-ph math.MP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We analyze how the hypotheses of Penrose's singularity theorem (1965) are modified by the action of disformal transformations (defined in terms of light-like vectors) upon a given space-time metric. In particular, we investigate the transformation of the null energy condition and the existence of closed trapped surfaces in such scenario, in order to derive conditions upon the background metric and the disformal vector that guarantee the validity of Penrose's theorem for disformal metrics. Then, we explain how to apply this technique for static and spherically symmetric space-times in general.
[ { "created": "Wed, 18 Mar 2020 18:32:33 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2020-03-20
[ [ "Bittencourt", "Eduardo", "" ], [ "Carvalho", "Gabriel G.", "" ], [ "Lobo", "Iarley P.", "" ], [ "Santana", "Leandro", "" ] ]
We analyze how the hypotheses of Penrose's singularity theorem (1965) are modified by the action of disformal transformations (defined in terms of light-like vectors) upon a given space-time metric. In particular, we investigate the transformation of the null energy condition and the existence of closed trapped surfaces in such scenario, in order to derive conditions upon the background metric and the disformal vector that guarantee the validity of Penrose's theorem for disformal metrics. Then, we explain how to apply this technique for static and spherically symmetric space-times in general.
2112.00918
James Quach Dr
Salman Sajad Wani, James Q. Quach, Mir Faizal, Sebastian Bahamonde, Behnam Pourhassan
A Quantum Informational Approach to the Problem of Time
10 pages, 1 figure
Found Phys 52, 25 (2022)
10.1007/s10701-022-00540-6
null
gr-qc quant-ph
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Several novel approaches have been proposed to resolve the problem of time by relating it to change. We argue using quantum information theory that the Hamiltonian constraint in quantum gravity cannot probe change, so it cannot be used to obtain a meaningful notion of time. This is due to the absence of quantum Fisher information with respect to the quantum Hamiltonian of a time-reparametization invariant system. We also observe that the inability of this Hamiltonian to probe change can be related to its inability to discriminate between states of such a system. However, if the time-reparametization symmetry is spontaneously broken due to the formation of quantum cosmological time crystals, these problems can be resolved, and it is possible for time to emerge in quantum gravity.
[ { "created": "Thu, 2 Dec 2021 01:30:53 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2022-02-07
[ [ "Wani", "Salman Sajad", "" ], [ "Quach", "James Q.", "" ], [ "Faizal", "Mir", "" ], [ "Bahamonde", "Sebastian", "" ], [ "Pourhassan", "Behnam", "" ] ]
Several novel approaches have been proposed to resolve the problem of time by relating it to change. We argue using quantum information theory that the Hamiltonian constraint in quantum gravity cannot probe change, so it cannot be used to obtain a meaningful notion of time. This is due to the absence of quantum Fisher information with respect to the quantum Hamiltonian of a time-reparametization invariant system. We also observe that the inability of this Hamiltonian to probe change can be related to its inability to discriminate between states of such a system. However, if the time-reparametization symmetry is spontaneously broken due to the formation of quantum cosmological time crystals, these problems can be resolved, and it is possible for time to emerge in quantum gravity.
2212.06814
Muhammad Sharif
M. Sharif and Tayyab Naseer
Isotropization and Complexity Analysis of Decoupled Solutions in $f(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{T})$ Theory
29 pages, 11 figures
Eur. Phys. J. Plus 137(2022)1304
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
This paper formulates some new exact solutions to the field equations by means of minimal gravitational decoupling in the context of $f(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{T})$ gravity. For this purpose, we consider anisotropic spherical matter distribution and add an extra source to extend the existing solutions. We apply the transformation only on the radial metric potential that results in two different sets of the modified field equations, each of them corresponding to their parent source. The initial anisotropic source is represented by the first set, and we consider two different well-behaved solutions to close that system. On the other hand, we impose constraints on the additional source to make the second set solvable. We, firstly, employ the isotropization condition which leads to an isotropic system for a particular value of the decoupling parameter. We then use the condition of zero complexity of the total configuration to obtain the other solution. The unknowns are determined by smoothly matching the interior and exterior spacetimes at the hypersurface. The physical viability and stability of the obtained solutions is analyzed by using the mass and radius of a compact star $4U 1820-30$. It is concluded that both of our extended solutions meet all the physical requirements for considered values of the coupling/decoupling parameters.
[ { "created": "Fri, 9 Dec 2022 02:23:05 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2022-12-14
[ [ "Sharif", "M.", "" ], [ "Naseer", "Tayyab", "" ] ]
This paper formulates some new exact solutions to the field equations by means of minimal gravitational decoupling in the context of $f(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{T})$ gravity. For this purpose, we consider anisotropic spherical matter distribution and add an extra source to extend the existing solutions. We apply the transformation only on the radial metric potential that results in two different sets of the modified field equations, each of them corresponding to their parent source. The initial anisotropic source is represented by the first set, and we consider two different well-behaved solutions to close that system. On the other hand, we impose constraints on the additional source to make the second set solvable. We, firstly, employ the isotropization condition which leads to an isotropic system for a particular value of the decoupling parameter. We then use the condition of zero complexity of the total configuration to obtain the other solution. The unknowns are determined by smoothly matching the interior and exterior spacetimes at the hypersurface. The physical viability and stability of the obtained solutions is analyzed by using the mass and radius of a compact star $4U 1820-30$. It is concluded that both of our extended solutions meet all the physical requirements for considered values of the coupling/decoupling parameters.
2010.08602
Arnab Dhani
Arnab Dhani
Importance of mirror modes in binary black hole ringdown waveform
null
Phys. Rev. D 103, 104048 (2021)
10.1103/PhysRevD.103.104048
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The post-merger signal in binary black hole merger is described by linear, black-hole perturbation theory. Historically, this has been modeled using the dominant positive-frequency (corotating) fundamental mode. Recently, there has been a renewed effort in modeling the post-merger waveform using higher, positive-frequency overtones in an attempt to achieve greater accuracy in describing the waveform at earlier times using linear perturbation theory. It has been shown that the inclusion of higher overtones can shift the linear regime to the peak of $(l,m)=(2,2)$ spherical harmonic mode. In this work, we show that the inclusion of negative-frequency (counterrotating) modes, called 'mirror' modes, extends the validity of linear perturbation theory to even earlier times, with far lower systematic uncertainties in the model in recovering the remnant parameters at these early times. A good description of the signal at early times also enables for a greater signal-to-noise ratio to be accumulated in the ringdown phase, thereby, allowing for a more accurate measurement of remnant parameters and tests of general relativity.
[ { "created": "Fri, 16 Oct 2020 19:44:32 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 30 Oct 2020 16:47:18 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2021-05-26
[ [ "Dhani", "Arnab", "" ] ]
The post-merger signal in binary black hole merger is described by linear, black-hole perturbation theory. Historically, this has been modeled using the dominant positive-frequency (corotating) fundamental mode. Recently, there has been a renewed effort in modeling the post-merger waveform using higher, positive-frequency overtones in an attempt to achieve greater accuracy in describing the waveform at earlier times using linear perturbation theory. It has been shown that the inclusion of higher overtones can shift the linear regime to the peak of $(l,m)=(2,2)$ spherical harmonic mode. In this work, we show that the inclusion of negative-frequency (counterrotating) modes, called 'mirror' modes, extends the validity of linear perturbation theory to even earlier times, with far lower systematic uncertainties in the model in recovering the remnant parameters at these early times. A good description of the signal at early times also enables for a greater signal-to-noise ratio to be accumulated in the ringdown phase, thereby, allowing for a more accurate measurement of remnant parameters and tests of general relativity.
1811.05117
Fabio Briscese
Fabio Briscese, Leonardo Modesto
Nonlinear stability of Minkowski spacetime in Nonlocal Gravity
null
JCAP07(2019)009
10.1088/1475-7516/2019/07/009
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We prove that the Minkowski spacetime is stable at nonlinear level and to all perturbative orders in the gravitational perturbation in a general class of nonlocal gravitational theories that are unitary and finite at quantum level.
[ { "created": "Tue, 13 Nov 2018 05:46:37 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 4 Jul 2019 16:36:19 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2019-07-05
[ [ "Briscese", "Fabio", "" ], [ "Modesto", "Leonardo", "" ] ]
We prove that the Minkowski spacetime is stable at nonlinear level and to all perturbative orders in the gravitational perturbation in a general class of nonlocal gravitational theories that are unitary and finite at quantum level.
gr-qc/0505135
Gonzalo Olmo
Gonzalo J. Olmo
Post-Newtonian constraints on f(R) cosmologies in metric formalism
10 pages, no figures, revtex4
Phys.Rev.D 72, 083505 (2005) [combined with gr-qc/0505136]
10.1103/PhysRevD.72.083505
null
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
null
We compute the complete post-Newtonian limit of the metric form of f(R) gravities using a scalar-tensor representation. By comparing the predictions of these theories with laboratory and solar system experiments, we find a set of inequalities that any lagrangian f(R) must satisfy. The constraints imposed by those inequalities allow us to find explicit bounds to the possible nonlinear terms of the lagrangian. We conclude that the lagrangian f(R) must be almost linear in R and that corrections that grow at low curvatures are incompatible with observations. This result shows that modifications of gravity at very low cosmic densities cannot be responsible for the observed cosmic speed-up.
[ { "created": "Thu, 26 May 2005 22:52:50 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2013-05-29
[ [ "Olmo", "Gonzalo J.", "" ] ]
We compute the complete post-Newtonian limit of the metric form of f(R) gravities using a scalar-tensor representation. By comparing the predictions of these theories with laboratory and solar system experiments, we find a set of inequalities that any lagrangian f(R) must satisfy. The constraints imposed by those inequalities allow us to find explicit bounds to the possible nonlinear terms of the lagrangian. We conclude that the lagrangian f(R) must be almost linear in R and that corrections that grow at low curvatures are incompatible with observations. This result shows that modifications of gravity at very low cosmic densities cannot be responsible for the observed cosmic speed-up.
1903.11364
Sandeep Aashish
Sandeep Aashish, Sukanta Panda
Quantum aspects of antisymmetric tensor field with spontaneous Lorentz violation
20 pages; minor corrections, text improvements, references added; published version
Phys. Rev. D 100, 065010 (2019)
10.1103/PhysRevD.100.065010
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the quantization of a simple model of antisymmetric tensor field with spontaneous Lorentz violation in curved spacetime. We evaluate the 1-loop corrections at first order of metric perturbation, using a general covariant effective action approach. We revisit the issue of quantum equivalence, and find that it holds for non-Lorentz-violating modes but breaks down for Lorentz violating modes.
[ { "created": "Wed, 27 Mar 2019 11:46:45 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 18 Sep 2019 15:09:50 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2019-09-19
[ [ "Aashish", "Sandeep", "" ], [ "Panda", "Sukanta", "" ] ]
We study the quantization of a simple model of antisymmetric tensor field with spontaneous Lorentz violation in curved spacetime. We evaluate the 1-loop corrections at first order of metric perturbation, using a general covariant effective action approach. We revisit the issue of quantum equivalence, and find that it holds for non-Lorentz-violating modes but breaks down for Lorentz violating modes.
1406.7029
Casey Handmer
Casey J. Handmer and B\'ela Szil\'agyi
Spectral Characteristic Evolution: A New Algorithm for Gravitational Wave Propagation
28 pages, 9 figures
null
10.1088/0264-9381/32/2/025008
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We present a spectral algorithm for solving the full nonlinear vacuum Einstein field equations in the Bondi framework. Developed within the Spectral Einstein Code (SpEC), we demonstrate spectral characteristic evolution as a technical precursor to Cauchy Characteristic Extraction (CCE), a rigorous method for obtaining gauge-invariant gravitational waveforms from existing and future astrophysical simulations. We demonstrate the new algorithm's stability, convergence, and agreement with existing evolution methods. We explain how an innovative spectral approach enables a two orders of magnitude improvement in computational efficiency.
[ { "created": "Thu, 26 Jun 2014 21:04:17 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 24 Sep 2014 22:10:11 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2015-06-22
[ [ "Handmer", "Casey J.", "" ], [ "Szilágyi", "Béla", "" ] ]
We present a spectral algorithm for solving the full nonlinear vacuum Einstein field equations in the Bondi framework. Developed within the Spectral Einstein Code (SpEC), we demonstrate spectral characteristic evolution as a technical precursor to Cauchy Characteristic Extraction (CCE), a rigorous method for obtaining gauge-invariant gravitational waveforms from existing and future astrophysical simulations. We demonstrate the new algorithm's stability, convergence, and agreement with existing evolution methods. We explain how an innovative spectral approach enables a two orders of magnitude improvement in computational efficiency.
gr-qc/0505040
Istvan Ozsvath
Juergen Ehlers, Istvan Ozsvath, Engelbert Schucking
Active Mass Under Pressure
28 pages, 4 figures
Am.J.Phys. 74 (2006) 607-613
10.1119/1.2198881
null
gr-qc
null
After a historical introduction to Poisson's equation for Newtonian gravity, its analog for static gravitational fields in Einstein's theory is reviewed. It appears that the pressure contribution to the active mass density in Einstein's theory might also be noticeable at the Newtonian level. A form of its surprising appearance, first noticed by Richard Chase Tolman, was discussed half a century ago in the Hamburg Relativity Seminar and is resolved here.
[ { "created": "Tue, 10 May 2005 00:35:58 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-11-11
[ [ "Ehlers", "Juergen", "" ], [ "Ozsvath", "Istvan", "" ], [ "Schucking", "Engelbert", "" ] ]
After a historical introduction to Poisson's equation for Newtonian gravity, its analog for static gravitational fields in Einstein's theory is reviewed. It appears that the pressure contribution to the active mass density in Einstein's theory might also be noticeable at the Newtonian level. A form of its surprising appearance, first noticed by Richard Chase Tolman, was discussed half a century ago in the Hamburg Relativity Seminar and is resolved here.
2310.14190
Taimur Mohammadi
Behrooz Malekolkalami and Taimur Mohammadi
Magnetic Dipole and Noncommutativity
17 pages, 4 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The noncommutativity concept has wide range of applications in physical and mathematical theories. Noncommutativity in the position-time coordinates concerns the microscale structure of space-time. the noncommutativity is an intrinsic property of the space-time and it could be different from usual properties when one encounters the high energy phenomena. on the other hand, the space-time is assumed to be as a background for the occurrence of physical events. therefore, it is not far-fetched to expect the emergence of new physics or dynamics when the fine geometric structure of space-time is deformed. In this work, we consider a common form of this deformation and try to answer the question as: a physical (or dynamical) model can be described by the noncommutative effects?. This can also be asked this way: dose the noncommutativity could have a physical manifestations in the nature?. Our model here is a magnetic dipole.
[ { "created": "Sun, 22 Oct 2023 05:35:47 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2023-10-24
[ [ "Malekolkalami", "Behrooz", "" ], [ "Mohammadi", "Taimur", "" ] ]
The noncommutativity concept has wide range of applications in physical and mathematical theories. Noncommutativity in the position-time coordinates concerns the microscale structure of space-time. the noncommutativity is an intrinsic property of the space-time and it could be different from usual properties when one encounters the high energy phenomena. on the other hand, the space-time is assumed to be as a background for the occurrence of physical events. therefore, it is not far-fetched to expect the emergence of new physics or dynamics when the fine geometric structure of space-time is deformed. In this work, we consider a common form of this deformation and try to answer the question as: a physical (or dynamical) model can be described by the noncommutative effects?. This can also be asked this way: dose the noncommutativity could have a physical manifestations in the nature?. Our model here is a magnetic dipole.
1502.05219
Gamal G.L. Nashed
G.G.L. Nashed
A special exact spherically symmetric solution in f(T) gravity theories
14 pages
Gen Relativ Gravit (2013) 45: 1887
10.1007/s10714-013-1566-1
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
A non-diagonal spherically symmetric tetrad field, involving four unknown functions of radial coordinate $r$, is applied to the equations of motion of f(T) gravity theory. A special exact vacuum solution with one constant of integration is obtained. The scalar torsion related to this special solution vanishes. To understand the physical meaning of the constant of integration we calculate the energy associated with this solution and show how it is related to the gravitational mass of the system.
[ { "created": "Tue, 17 Feb 2015 10:26:13 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-02-19
[ [ "Nashed", "G. G. L.", "" ] ]
A non-diagonal spherically symmetric tetrad field, involving four unknown functions of radial coordinate $r$, is applied to the equations of motion of f(T) gravity theory. A special exact vacuum solution with one constant of integration is obtained. The scalar torsion related to this special solution vanishes. To understand the physical meaning of the constant of integration we calculate the energy associated with this solution and show how it is related to the gravitational mass of the system.
1107.0948
Diego S\'aez-G\'omez
Salvatore Capozziello and Diego S\'aez-G\'omez
Scalar-tensor representation of $f(R)$ gravity and Birkhoff's theorem
8 pages. Version to be published in Annalen der Physik
null
10.1002/andp.201100244
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Birkhoff's theorem is discussed in the frame of f(R) gravity by using its scalar-tensor representation. Modified gravity has become very popular at recent times as it is able to reproduce the unification of inflation and late-time acceleration with no need of a dark energy component or an inflaton field. Here, another aspect of modified f(R) gravity is studied, specifically the range of validity of Birkhoff's theorem, compared with another alternative to General Relativity, the well known Brans-Dicke theory. As a novelty, here both theories are studied by using a conformal transformation and writing the actions in the Einstein frame, where spherically symmetric solutions are studied by using perturbation techniques. The differences between both theories are analyzed as well as the validity of the theorem within the Jordan and Einstein frames, where interesting results are obtained.
[ { "created": "Tue, 5 Jul 2011 19:03:37 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 29 Nov 2011 15:01:38 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Thu, 1 Dec 2011 19:24:47 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2015-05-28
[ [ "Capozziello", "Salvatore", "" ], [ "Sáez-Gómez", "Diego", "" ] ]
Birkhoff's theorem is discussed in the frame of f(R) gravity by using its scalar-tensor representation. Modified gravity has become very popular at recent times as it is able to reproduce the unification of inflation and late-time acceleration with no need of a dark energy component or an inflaton field. Here, another aspect of modified f(R) gravity is studied, specifically the range of validity of Birkhoff's theorem, compared with another alternative to General Relativity, the well known Brans-Dicke theory. As a novelty, here both theories are studied by using a conformal transformation and writing the actions in the Einstein frame, where spherically symmetric solutions are studied by using perturbation techniques. The differences between both theories are analyzed as well as the validity of the theorem within the Jordan and Einstein frames, where interesting results are obtained.
gr-qc/9607054
Nils Andersson
Nils Andersson and Hisashi Onozawa
Quasinormal modes of nearly extreme Reissner-Nordstrom black holes
3 postscript figures
Phys.Rev. D54 (1996) 7470-7475
10.1103/PhysRevD.54.7470
null
gr-qc
null
We present detailed calculations of the quasinormal modes of Reissner-Nordstrom black holes. While the first few, slowly damped, modes depend on the charge of the black hole in a relatively simple way, we find that the rapidly damped modes show several peculiar features. The higher modes generally spiral into the value for the extreme black hole as the charge increases. We also discuss the possible existence of a purely imaginary mode for the Schwarzschild black hole: Our data suggest that there is a quasinormal mode that limits to $\omega M = -2i$ as $Q\to 0$.
[ { "created": "Tue, 23 Jul 1996 15:59:20 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-10-28
[ [ "Andersson", "Nils", "" ], [ "Onozawa", "Hisashi", "" ] ]
We present detailed calculations of the quasinormal modes of Reissner-Nordstrom black holes. While the first few, slowly damped, modes depend on the charge of the black hole in a relatively simple way, we find that the rapidly damped modes show several peculiar features. The higher modes generally spiral into the value for the extreme black hole as the charge increases. We also discuss the possible existence of a purely imaginary mode for the Schwarzschild black hole: Our data suggest that there is a quasinormal mode that limits to $\omega M = -2i$ as $Q\to 0$.
1401.8117
Titus K Mathew
Praseetha P. and Titus K. Mathew
Entropy of the holographic dark energy and generalized second law
null
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper we have considered the holographic dark energy and studied it's cosmology and thermodynamics. We have analysed the generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics in a flat universe consists of interacting dark energy and dark matter. We did the analysis both under thermal equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions. If the apparent horizon is taken as the boundary of the universe, we have shown that the rate of change of the total entropy of the universe is proportional to $(1+q)^2,$ which in fact shows that the GSL is valid at the apparent horizon irrespective of the sign of $q,$ the deceleration parameter. Hence for any form of dark energy the apparent horizon can be considered as a perfect thermodynamic boundary of the universe. We made a confirmation of this conclusion by using the holographic dark energy. When event horizon is taken as the boundary, we found that the GSL is only partially satisfied. The analysis under non-equilibrium conditions revealed that the GSL is satisfied if the dark energy temperature is greater than the temperature of dark matter.
[ { "created": "Fri, 31 Jan 2014 10:29:45 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2014-02-03
[ [ "P.", "Praseetha", "" ], [ "Mathew", "Titus K.", "" ] ]
In this paper we have considered the holographic dark energy and studied it's cosmology and thermodynamics. We have analysed the generalized second law (GSL) of thermodynamics in a flat universe consists of interacting dark energy and dark matter. We did the analysis both under thermal equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions. If the apparent horizon is taken as the boundary of the universe, we have shown that the rate of change of the total entropy of the universe is proportional to $(1+q)^2,$ which in fact shows that the GSL is valid at the apparent horizon irrespective of the sign of $q,$ the deceleration parameter. Hence for any form of dark energy the apparent horizon can be considered as a perfect thermodynamic boundary of the universe. We made a confirmation of this conclusion by using the holographic dark energy. When event horizon is taken as the boundary, we found that the GSL is only partially satisfied. The analysis under non-equilibrium conditions revealed that the GSL is satisfied if the dark energy temperature is greater than the temperature of dark matter.
2202.06349
Tiberiu Harko
Tiberiu Harko, Shahab Shahidi
Coupling matter and curvature in Weyl geometry: conformally invariant $f\left(R,L_m\right)$ gravity
22 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in EPJC
null
10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10126-1
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We investigate the coupling of matter to geometry in conformal quadratic Weyl gravity, by assuming a coupling term of the form $L_m\tilde{R}^2$, where $L_m$ is the ordinary matter Lagrangian, and $\tilde{R}$ is the Weyl scalar. The coupling explicitly satisfies the conformal invariance of the theory. By expressing $\tilde{R}^2$ with the help of an auxiliary scalar field and of the Weyl scalar, the gravitational action can be linearized, leading in the Riemann space to a conformally invariant $f\left(R,L_m\right)$ type theory, with the matter Lagrangian nonminimally coupled to the Ricci scalar. We obtain the gravitational field equations of the theory, as well as the energy-momentum balance equations. The divergence of the matter energy-momentum tensor does not vanish, and an extra force, depending on the Weyl vector, and matter Lagrangian is generated. The thermodynamic interpretation of the theory is also discussed. The generalized Poisson equation is derived, and the Newtonian limit of the equations of motion is considered in detail. The perihelion precession of a planet in the presence of an extra force is also considered, and constraints on the magnitude of the Weyl vector in the Solar System are obtained from the observational data of Mercury. The cosmological implications of the theory are also considered for the case of a flat, homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker geometry, and it is shown that the model can give a good description of the observational data for the Hubble function up to a redshift of the order of $z\approx 3$.
[ { "created": "Sun, 13 Feb 2022 15:48:10 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2022-03-30
[ [ "Harko", "Tiberiu", "" ], [ "Shahidi", "Shahab", "" ] ]
We investigate the coupling of matter to geometry in conformal quadratic Weyl gravity, by assuming a coupling term of the form $L_m\tilde{R}^2$, where $L_m$ is the ordinary matter Lagrangian, and $\tilde{R}$ is the Weyl scalar. The coupling explicitly satisfies the conformal invariance of the theory. By expressing $\tilde{R}^2$ with the help of an auxiliary scalar field and of the Weyl scalar, the gravitational action can be linearized, leading in the Riemann space to a conformally invariant $f\left(R,L_m\right)$ type theory, with the matter Lagrangian nonminimally coupled to the Ricci scalar. We obtain the gravitational field equations of the theory, as well as the energy-momentum balance equations. The divergence of the matter energy-momentum tensor does not vanish, and an extra force, depending on the Weyl vector, and matter Lagrangian is generated. The thermodynamic interpretation of the theory is also discussed. The generalized Poisson equation is derived, and the Newtonian limit of the equations of motion is considered in detail. The perihelion precession of a planet in the presence of an extra force is also considered, and constraints on the magnitude of the Weyl vector in the Solar System are obtained from the observational data of Mercury. The cosmological implications of the theory are also considered for the case of a flat, homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker geometry, and it is shown that the model can give a good description of the observational data for the Hubble function up to a redshift of the order of $z\approx 3$.
2212.06762
Marcus Khuri
Marcus A. Khuri, Jordan F. Rainone
Black Lenses in Kaluza-Klein Matter
6 pages; Phys. Rev. Lett., to appear; A Quanta Magazine article based on the results of this paper may be found here: https://www.quantamagazine.org/mathematicians-find-an-infinity-of-possible-black-hole-shapes-20230124/
Phys. Rev. Lett., 131 (2023), 041402
10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.041402
null
gr-qc hep-th math.DG
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We present the first examples of formally asymptotically flat black hole solutions with horizons of general lens space topology $L(p,q)$. These 5-dimensional static/stationary spacetimes are regular on and outside the event horizon for any choice of relatively prime integers $1\leq q<p$, in particular conical singularities are absent. They are supported by Kaluza-Klein matter fields arising from higher dimensional vacuum solutions through reduction on tori. The technique is sufficiently robust that it leads to the explicit construction of regular solutions, in any dimension, realising the full range of possible topologies for the horizon as well as the domain of outer communication, that are allowable with multi-axisymmetry. Lastly, as a by product, we obtain new examples of regular gravitational instantons in higher dimensions.
[ { "created": "Tue, 13 Dec 2022 17:45:05 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 11 Jul 2023 01:41:45 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2023-08-09
[ [ "Khuri", "Marcus A.", "" ], [ "Rainone", "Jordan F.", "" ] ]
We present the first examples of formally asymptotically flat black hole solutions with horizons of general lens space topology $L(p,q)$. These 5-dimensional static/stationary spacetimes are regular on and outside the event horizon for any choice of relatively prime integers $1\leq q<p$, in particular conical singularities are absent. They are supported by Kaluza-Klein matter fields arising from higher dimensional vacuum solutions through reduction on tori. The technique is sufficiently robust that it leads to the explicit construction of regular solutions, in any dimension, realising the full range of possible topologies for the horizon as well as the domain of outer communication, that are allowable with multi-axisymmetry. Lastly, as a by product, we obtain new examples of regular gravitational instantons in higher dimensions.
1309.2768
Bob Osano
Bob Osano
The Weyl Curvature Tensor, Cotton-York Tensor and Gravitational Waves: A covariant consideration
null
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
1+3 covariant approach to cosmological perturbation theory often employs the electric part ($E_{ab}$), the magnetic part ($H_{ab}$) of the Weyl tensor or the shear tensor ($\sigma_{ab}$) in a phenomenological description of gravitational waves. The Cotton-York tensor is rarely mentioned in connection with gravitational waves in this approach. This tensor acts as a source for the magnetic part of the Weyl tensor which should not be neglected in studies of gravitational waves in the 1+3 formalism. The tensor is only mentioned in connection with studies of 'silent model' but even there the connection with gravitational waves is not exhaustively explored. In this study, we demonstrate that the Cotton-York tensor encodes contributions from both electric, magnetic part of the Weyl tensor and in directly from the shear tensor. In our opinion, this makes the Cotton-York tensor arguably the natural choice for linear gravitational waves in the 1+3 covariant formalism. The tensor is cumbersome to work with but that should negate its usefulness. It is conceivable that the tensor would equally be useful in the metric approach, although we have not demonstrated this in the current study. We contend that the use of only one of the Weyl tensor or the shear tensor, although phenomenologically correct, leads to loss of information. Such information is vital particularly when examining the contribution of gravitational waves to the anisotropy of an almost -Friedmann-Lamitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe. The recourse to this loss is the use Cotton-York tensor.
[ { "created": "Wed, 11 Sep 2013 09:26:23 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 28 Oct 2013 12:07:43 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Sat, 28 Oct 2017 16:02:26 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2017-10-31
[ [ "Osano", "Bob", "" ] ]
1+3 covariant approach to cosmological perturbation theory often employs the electric part ($E_{ab}$), the magnetic part ($H_{ab}$) of the Weyl tensor or the shear tensor ($\sigma_{ab}$) in a phenomenological description of gravitational waves. The Cotton-York tensor is rarely mentioned in connection with gravitational waves in this approach. This tensor acts as a source for the magnetic part of the Weyl tensor which should not be neglected in studies of gravitational waves in the 1+3 formalism. The tensor is only mentioned in connection with studies of 'silent model' but even there the connection with gravitational waves is not exhaustively explored. In this study, we demonstrate that the Cotton-York tensor encodes contributions from both electric, magnetic part of the Weyl tensor and in directly from the shear tensor. In our opinion, this makes the Cotton-York tensor arguably the natural choice for linear gravitational waves in the 1+3 covariant formalism. The tensor is cumbersome to work with but that should negate its usefulness. It is conceivable that the tensor would equally be useful in the metric approach, although we have not demonstrated this in the current study. We contend that the use of only one of the Weyl tensor or the shear tensor, although phenomenologically correct, leads to loss of information. Such information is vital particularly when examining the contribution of gravitational waves to the anisotropy of an almost -Friedmann-Lamitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe. The recourse to this loss is the use Cotton-York tensor.
1003.3623
Jerry B. Griffiths
J. B. Griffiths and N. O. Santos
A rotating cylinder in an asymptotically locally anti-de Sitter background
To appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
null
10.1088/0264-9381/27/12/125004
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
A family of exact solutions is presented which represents a rigidly rotating cylinder of dust in a background with a negative cosmological constant. The interior of the infinite cylinder is described by the Godel solution. An exact solution for the exterior solution is found which depends both on the rotation of the interior and on its radius. For values of these parameters less than a certain limit, the exterior solution is shown to be locally isomorphic to the Linet-Tian solution. For values larger than another limit, it is shown that the exterior solution extends into a region which contains closed timelike curves. At large distances from the source, the space-time is shown to be asymptotic locally to anti-de Sitter space.
[ { "created": "Thu, 18 Mar 2010 16:32:47 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-05-18
[ [ "Griffiths", "J. B.", "" ], [ "Santos", "N. O.", "" ] ]
A family of exact solutions is presented which represents a rigidly rotating cylinder of dust in a background with a negative cosmological constant. The interior of the infinite cylinder is described by the Godel solution. An exact solution for the exterior solution is found which depends both on the rotation of the interior and on its radius. For values of these parameters less than a certain limit, the exterior solution is shown to be locally isomorphic to the Linet-Tian solution. For values larger than another limit, it is shown that the exterior solution extends into a region which contains closed timelike curves. At large distances from the source, the space-time is shown to be asymptotic locally to anti-de Sitter space.
2402.07272
Tsvetan Vetsov Assoc. Prof. Dr.
V. Avramov, H. Dimov, M. Radomirov, R. C. Rashkov, T. Vetsov
On Thermodynamic Stability of Black Holes. Part II: AdS Family of Solutions
Minor update: 1) Minor changes in the text, 2) Mising references were added
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
This study is aimed at providing a thorough analysis of the classical thermodynamic stability of black holes within the Anti-de Sitter (AdS) family. We utilize the Nambu bracket formalism to calculate local heat capacities and employ Sylvester's criterion in the mass-energy ensemble to determine both local and global thermodynamic stability regions. Emphasizing the crucial role of the cosmological constant, we establish the conditions necessary for the existence of thermodynamically stable black hole configurations. Our work highlights the applicability of classical thermodynamics in understanding black hole physics, while acknowledging the potential deviations that may impact the observables of the system beyond the classical level.
[ { "created": "Sun, 11 Feb 2024 18:30:33 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 9 Apr 2024 16:29:20 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2024-04-10
[ [ "Avramov", "V.", "" ], [ "Dimov", "H.", "" ], [ "Radomirov", "M.", "" ], [ "Rashkov", "R. C.", "" ], [ "Vetsov", "T.", "" ] ]
This study is aimed at providing a thorough analysis of the classical thermodynamic stability of black holes within the Anti-de Sitter (AdS) family. We utilize the Nambu bracket formalism to calculate local heat capacities and employ Sylvester's criterion in the mass-energy ensemble to determine both local and global thermodynamic stability regions. Emphasizing the crucial role of the cosmological constant, we establish the conditions necessary for the existence of thermodynamically stable black hole configurations. Our work highlights the applicability of classical thermodynamics in understanding black hole physics, while acknowledging the potential deviations that may impact the observables of the system beyond the classical level.
2405.09714
Seturumane Tema
Saurya Das, S. Shajidul Haque and Seturumane Tema
Cosmological Singularity and Power-Law Solutions in Modified Gravity
null
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-ph hep-th
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
A bouncing Universe avoids the big-bang singularity. Using the time-like and null Raychaudhhuri equations, we explore whether the bounce near the big-bang, within a broad spectrum of modified theories of gravity, allows for cosmologically relevant power-law solutions under reasonable physical conditions. Our study shows that certain modified theories of gravity, such as Stelle gravity, do not demonstrate singularity resolution under any reasonable conditions, while others including $f(R)$ gravity and Brans-Dicke theory can demonstrate singularity resolution under suitable conditions. For these theories, we show that the accelerating solution is slightly favoured over ekypyrosis.
[ { "created": "Wed, 15 May 2024 21:58:56 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2024-05-24
[ [ "Das", "Saurya", "" ], [ "Haque", "S. Shajidul", "" ], [ "Tema", "Seturumane", "" ] ]
A bouncing Universe avoids the big-bang singularity. Using the time-like and null Raychaudhhuri equations, we explore whether the bounce near the big-bang, within a broad spectrum of modified theories of gravity, allows for cosmologically relevant power-law solutions under reasonable physical conditions. Our study shows that certain modified theories of gravity, such as Stelle gravity, do not demonstrate singularity resolution under any reasonable conditions, while others including $f(R)$ gravity and Brans-Dicke theory can demonstrate singularity resolution under suitable conditions. For these theories, we show that the accelerating solution is slightly favoured over ekypyrosis.
1903.11638
Raissa Mendes
Raissa F. P. Mendes and Tulio Ottoni
Scalar charges and pulsar-timing observables in the presence of nonminimally coupled scalar fields
12 pages, 6 figures
Phys. Rev. D 99, 124003 (2019)
10.1103/PhysRevD.99.124003
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Pulsar-timing has become a celebrated tool for probing modifications to General Relativity in the strong-field surroundings of neutron stars. Here we investigate whether scalar-tensor theories that incorporate a nonminimally coupled scalar degree of freedom may pass pulsar-timing tests, by computing the scalar charges entering such observables. In particular we show that for positive values of the nonminimal coupling $\xi$, pulsar-timing constraints may be evaded even in the presence of spontaneous scalarization.
[ { "created": "Wed, 27 Mar 2019 18:28:12 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 18 Jun 2019 13:11:38 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2019-06-19
[ [ "Mendes", "Raissa F. P.", "" ], [ "Ottoni", "Tulio", "" ] ]
Pulsar-timing has become a celebrated tool for probing modifications to General Relativity in the strong-field surroundings of neutron stars. Here we investigate whether scalar-tensor theories that incorporate a nonminimally coupled scalar degree of freedom may pass pulsar-timing tests, by computing the scalar charges entering such observables. In particular we show that for positive values of the nonminimal coupling $\xi$, pulsar-timing constraints may be evaded even in the presence of spontaneous scalarization.
1504.02702
Peter Phillips
Peter R. Phillips
Broken symmetry can yield a positive effective G in conformal gravity
4 pages, no figures
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We modify the action of Mannheim's conformally invariant model by changing the sign of two coefficients. This breaks conformal symmetry, but results in a cosmology that has a positive effective G and at the same time retains one of the main advantages of the Mannheim model, a possible solution of the cosmological constant problem.
[ { "created": "Fri, 10 Apr 2015 15:04:57 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-04-13
[ [ "Phillips", "Peter R.", "" ] ]
We modify the action of Mannheim's conformally invariant model by changing the sign of two coefficients. This breaks conformal symmetry, but results in a cosmology that has a positive effective G and at the same time retains one of the main advantages of the Mannheim model, a possible solution of the cosmological constant problem.
0903.4381
Philip D. Mannheim
Philip D. Mannheim, James G. O'Brien and David Eric Cox
Limitations of the Standard Gravitational Perfect Fluid Paradigm
Final version to appear in General Relativity and Gravitation (the final publication is available at http://www.springerlink.com). 29 pages, 1 figure
null
10.1007/s10714-010-0997-1
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We show that the standard perfect fluid paradigm is not necessarily a valid description of a curved space steady state gravitational source. Simply by virtue of not being flat, curved space geometries have to possess intrinsic length scales, and such length scales can affect the fluid structure. For modes of wavelength of order or greater than such scales eikonalized geometrical optics cannot apply and rays are not geodesic. Covariantizing thus entails not only the replacing of flat space functions by covariant ones, but also the introduction of intrinsic scales that were absent in flat space. In principle it is thus unreliable to construct the curved space energy-momentum tensor as the covariant generalization of a geodesic-based flat spacetime energy-momentum tensor. By constructing the partition function as an incoherent average over a complete set of modes of a scalar field propagating in a curved space background, we show that for the specific case of a static, spherically symmetric geometry, the steady state energy-momentum tensor that ensues will in general be of the form $T_{\mu\nu}=(\rho+p)U_{\mu}U_{\nu}+pg_{\mu\nu}+\pi_{\mu\nu}$ where the anisotropic $\pi_{\mu\nu}$ is a symmetric, traceless rank two tensor which obeys $U^{\mu}\pi_{\mu\nu}=0$. Such a $\pi_{\mu\nu}$ type term is absent for an incoherently averaged steady state fluid in a spacetime where there are no intrinsic length scales, and in principle would thus be missed in a covariantizing of a flat spacetime $T_{\mu\nu}$. While the significance of such $\pi_{\mu\nu}$ type terms would need to be evaluated on a case by case basis, through the use of kinetic theory we reassuringly find that the effect of such $\pi_{\mu\nu}$ type terms is small for weak gravity stars where perfect fluid sources are commonly used.
[ { "created": "Wed, 25 Mar 2009 16:08:51 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 16 Sep 2010 16:29:46 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2015-05-13
[ [ "Mannheim", "Philip D.", "" ], [ "O'Brien", "James G.", "" ], [ "Cox", "David Eric", "" ] ]
We show that the standard perfect fluid paradigm is not necessarily a valid description of a curved space steady state gravitational source. Simply by virtue of not being flat, curved space geometries have to possess intrinsic length scales, and such length scales can affect the fluid structure. For modes of wavelength of order or greater than such scales eikonalized geometrical optics cannot apply and rays are not geodesic. Covariantizing thus entails not only the replacing of flat space functions by covariant ones, but also the introduction of intrinsic scales that were absent in flat space. In principle it is thus unreliable to construct the curved space energy-momentum tensor as the covariant generalization of a geodesic-based flat spacetime energy-momentum tensor. By constructing the partition function as an incoherent average over a complete set of modes of a scalar field propagating in a curved space background, we show that for the specific case of a static, spherically symmetric geometry, the steady state energy-momentum tensor that ensues will in general be of the form $T_{\mu\nu}=(\rho+p)U_{\mu}U_{\nu}+pg_{\mu\nu}+\pi_{\mu\nu}$ where the anisotropic $\pi_{\mu\nu}$ is a symmetric, traceless rank two tensor which obeys $U^{\mu}\pi_{\mu\nu}=0$. Such a $\pi_{\mu\nu}$ type term is absent for an incoherently averaged steady state fluid in a spacetime where there are no intrinsic length scales, and in principle would thus be missed in a covariantizing of a flat spacetime $T_{\mu\nu}$. While the significance of such $\pi_{\mu\nu}$ type terms would need to be evaluated on a case by case basis, through the use of kinetic theory we reassuringly find that the effect of such $\pi_{\mu\nu}$ type terms is small for weak gravity stars where perfect fluid sources are commonly used.
2210.06558
Khadijeh Jafarzade
S. Mahmoudi, Kh. Jafarzade, S. H. Hendi
Gauss-Bonnet black holes in a special anisotropic scaling spacetime
17 pages, 11 figures
JHEP 12 (2022) 009
10.1007/JHEP12(2022)009
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Inspired by the Lifshitz gravity as a theory with anisotropic scaling behavior, we suggest a new $(n+1)-$dimensional metric in which the time and spatial coordinates scale anisotropically as $(t,r,\theta_{i})\,\to (\lambda^{z}t,\lambda^{-1}r,\lambda^{x_i}\,\theta_{i})$. Due to the anisotropic scaling dimension of the spatial coordinates, this spacetime does not support the full Schr\"{o}dinger symmetry group. We look for the analytical solution of Gauss-Bonnet gravity in the context of the mentioned geometry. We show that Gauss-Bonnet gravity admits an analytical solution provided that the constants of the theory are properly adjusted. We obtain an exact vacuum solution, independent of the value of the dynamical exponent $z$, which is a black hole solution for the pseudo-hyperbolic horizon structure and a naked singularity for the pseudo-spherical boundary. We also obtain another exact solution of Gauss-Bonnet gravity under certain conditions. After investigating some geometrical properties of the obtained solutions, we consider the thermodynamic properties of these topological black holes and study the stability of the obtained solutions for each geometrical structure.
[ { "created": "Wed, 12 Oct 2022 19:56:48 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 3 Dec 2022 07:09:32 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2022-12-06
[ [ "Mahmoudi", "S.", "" ], [ "Jafarzade", "Kh.", "" ], [ "Hendi", "S. H.", "" ] ]
Inspired by the Lifshitz gravity as a theory with anisotropic scaling behavior, we suggest a new $(n+1)-$dimensional metric in which the time and spatial coordinates scale anisotropically as $(t,r,\theta_{i})\,\to (\lambda^{z}t,\lambda^{-1}r,\lambda^{x_i}\,\theta_{i})$. Due to the anisotropic scaling dimension of the spatial coordinates, this spacetime does not support the full Schr\"{o}dinger symmetry group. We look for the analytical solution of Gauss-Bonnet gravity in the context of the mentioned geometry. We show that Gauss-Bonnet gravity admits an analytical solution provided that the constants of the theory are properly adjusted. We obtain an exact vacuum solution, independent of the value of the dynamical exponent $z$, which is a black hole solution for the pseudo-hyperbolic horizon structure and a naked singularity for the pseudo-spherical boundary. We also obtain another exact solution of Gauss-Bonnet gravity under certain conditions. After investigating some geometrical properties of the obtained solutions, we consider the thermodynamic properties of these topological black holes and study the stability of the obtained solutions for each geometrical structure.
1101.0030
Shankaranarayanan S
S. Shankaranarayanan (IISER-Trivandrum)
Corrections to Bekenstein-Hawking entropy --- Quantum or not-so quantum?
10 pages; Article for the Special Issue "Entropy in Quantum Gravity" in the Journal Entropy
Entropy 13(1), 11-16 (2011);
10.3390/e13010011
null
gr-qc hep-th quant-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Hawking radiation and Bekenstein--Hawking entropy are the two robust predictions of a yet unknown quantum theory of gravity. Any theory which fails to reproduce these predictions is certainly incorrect. While several approaches lead to Bekenstein--Hawking entropy, they all lead to different sub-leading corrections. In this article, we ask a question that is relevant for any approach: Using simple techniques, can we know whether an approach contains quantum or semi-classical degrees of freedom? Using naive dimensional analysis, we show that the semi-classical black-hole entropy has the same dimensional dependence as the gravity action. Among others, this provides a plausible explanation for the connection between Einstein's equations and thermodynamic equation of state, and that the quantum corrections should have a different scaling behavior.
[ { "created": "Thu, 30 Dec 2010 02:05:33 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2011-01-04
[ [ "Shankaranarayanan", "S.", "", "IISER-Trivandrum" ] ]
Hawking radiation and Bekenstein--Hawking entropy are the two robust predictions of a yet unknown quantum theory of gravity. Any theory which fails to reproduce these predictions is certainly incorrect. While several approaches lead to Bekenstein--Hawking entropy, they all lead to different sub-leading corrections. In this article, we ask a question that is relevant for any approach: Using simple techniques, can we know whether an approach contains quantum or semi-classical degrees of freedom? Using naive dimensional analysis, we show that the semi-classical black-hole entropy has the same dimensional dependence as the gravity action. Among others, this provides a plausible explanation for the connection between Einstein's equations and thermodynamic equation of state, and that the quantum corrections should have a different scaling behavior.
1401.5985
Matej \v{S}kovran
Matej \v{S}kovran
Analytical solutions for cosmological perturbations in a one-component universe with shear stress
10 pages
Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 24 (2015) 1550063
10.1142/S0218271815500637
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We construct explicit solutions for scalar, vector and tensor perturbations in a less known setting, a flat universe filled by an isotropic elastic solid with pressure and shear modulus proportional to energy density. The solutions generalize the well known formulas for cosmological perturbations in a universe filled by ideal fluid.
[ { "created": "Thu, 23 Jan 2014 14:28:19 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 21 May 2015 09:33:17 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2015-05-22
[ [ "Škovran", "Matej", "" ] ]
We construct explicit solutions for scalar, vector and tensor perturbations in a less known setting, a flat universe filled by an isotropic elastic solid with pressure and shear modulus proportional to energy density. The solutions generalize the well known formulas for cosmological perturbations in a universe filled by ideal fluid.
2111.00706
Zhi-Wei Wang
Zhi-Wei Wang, Samuel L. Braunstein, Saurya Das
Information recovery from evaporating rotating charged black holes
8 pages, 5 figures, Proceeding of the Sixteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting (will be published in IJMPD). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2105.00198
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In classical gravity, nothing can escape from a black hole, not even light. In particular, this happens for stationary black holes because their horizons are null. We show, on the other hand, that the apparent horizon and the region near r = 0 of an evaporating charged, rotating black hole are both timelike. This implies that there exists a channel, via which classical or quantum information can escape to the outside, as the black hole evaporates. Since astrophysical black holes have at least some rotation, our results apply to all black holes in nature. We discuss the implications of our result.
[ { "created": "Mon, 1 Nov 2021 04:57:15 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2021-11-02
[ [ "Wang", "Zhi-Wei", "" ], [ "Braunstein", "Samuel L.", "" ], [ "Das", "Saurya", "" ] ]
In classical gravity, nothing can escape from a black hole, not even light. In particular, this happens for stationary black holes because their horizons are null. We show, on the other hand, that the apparent horizon and the region near r = 0 of an evaporating charged, rotating black hole are both timelike. This implies that there exists a channel, via which classical or quantum information can escape to the outside, as the black hole evaporates. Since astrophysical black holes have at least some rotation, our results apply to all black holes in nature. We discuss the implications of our result.
2303.11885
Hyat Huang
Hyat Huang, Jutta Kunz, Jinbo Yang and Cong Zhang
Light Ring behind Wormhole Throat: Geodesics, Images and Shadows
26 pages, 14 figures, add references
null
10.1103/PhysRevD.107.104060
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The geodesics of the Ellis-Bronnikov wormhole with two parameters are studied. The asymmetric wormhole has only one light ring and one innermost stable circular orbit located on one side of the wormhole throat. Consequently, certain light rays can be reflected back by the wormhole. Additionally, the same wormhole can have different appearances on both sides of the throat. We present novel images of the wormhole with a light ring behind the throat in a scenario with an accretion disk as the light source and in a backlit wormhole scenario, which are distinct from the images of other compact objects and have the potential to be observed.
[ { "created": "Tue, 21 Mar 2023 14:26:19 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 28 Mar 2023 10:54:52 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2023-06-14
[ [ "Huang", "Hyat", "" ], [ "Kunz", "Jutta", "" ], [ "Yang", "Jinbo", "" ], [ "Zhang", "Cong", "" ] ]
The geodesics of the Ellis-Bronnikov wormhole with two parameters are studied. The asymmetric wormhole has only one light ring and one innermost stable circular orbit located on one side of the wormhole throat. Consequently, certain light rays can be reflected back by the wormhole. Additionally, the same wormhole can have different appearances on both sides of the throat. We present novel images of the wormhole with a light ring behind the throat in a scenario with an accretion disk as the light source and in a backlit wormhole scenario, which are distinct from the images of other compact objects and have the potential to be observed.
2109.13949
Oscar J. C. Dias
Oscar J.C. Dias, Mahdi Godazgar, Jorge E. Santos, and Gregorio Carullo, Walter Del Pozzo, Danny Laghi
Eigenvalue repulsions in the quasinormal spectra of the Kerr-Newman black hole
9 pages, 2 figures
null
10.1103/PhysRevD.105.084044
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
We study the gravito-electromagnetic perturbations of the Kerr-Newman (KN) black hole metric and identify the two $-$ photon sphere and near-horizon $-$ families of quasinormal modes (QNMs) of the KN black hole, computing the frequency spectra (for all the KN parameter space) of the modes with the slowest decay rate. We uncover a novel phenomenon for QNMs that is unique to the KN system, namely eigenvalue repulsion between QNM families. Such a feature is common in solid state physics where \eg it is responsible for energy bands/gaps in the spectra of electrons moving in certain Schr\"odinger potentials. Exploiting the enhanced symmetries of the near-horizon limit of the near-extremal KN geometry we also develop a matching asymptotic expansion that allows us to solve the perturbation problem using separation of variables and provides an excellent approximation to the KN QNM spectra near extremality. The KN QNM spectra here derived are required not only to account for the gravitational emission in astrophysical environments, such as the ones probed by LIGO, Virgo and LISA, but also allow to extract observational implications on several new physics scenarios, such as mini-charged dark-matter or certain modified theories of gravity, degenerate with the KN solution at the scales of binary mergers.
[ { "created": "Tue, 28 Sep 2021 18:00:06 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2022-05-04
[ [ "Dias", "Oscar J. C.", "" ], [ "Godazgar", "Mahdi", "" ], [ "Santos", "Jorge E.", "" ], [ "Carullo", "Gregorio", "" ], [ "Del Pozzo", "Walter", "" ], [ "Laghi", "Danny", "" ] ]
We study the gravito-electromagnetic perturbations of the Kerr-Newman (KN) black hole metric and identify the two $-$ photon sphere and near-horizon $-$ families of quasinormal modes (QNMs) of the KN black hole, computing the frequency spectra (for all the KN parameter space) of the modes with the slowest decay rate. We uncover a novel phenomenon for QNMs that is unique to the KN system, namely eigenvalue repulsion between QNM families. Such a feature is common in solid state physics where \eg it is responsible for energy bands/gaps in the spectra of electrons moving in certain Schr\"odinger potentials. Exploiting the enhanced symmetries of the near-horizon limit of the near-extremal KN geometry we also develop a matching asymptotic expansion that allows us to solve the perturbation problem using separation of variables and provides an excellent approximation to the KN QNM spectra near extremality. The KN QNM spectra here derived are required not only to account for the gravitational emission in astrophysical environments, such as the ones probed by LIGO, Virgo and LISA, but also allow to extract observational implications on several new physics scenarios, such as mini-charged dark-matter or certain modified theories of gravity, degenerate with the KN solution at the scales of binary mergers.
2106.09721
Emanuele Berti
Enrico Barausse, Emanuele Berti, Vitor Cardoso, Scott A. Hughes, Gaurav Khanna
Divergences in gravitational-wave emission and absorption from extreme mass ratio binaries
11 pages, 6 figures, matches version published in Physical Review D
Phys. Rev. D 104, 064031 (2021)
10.1103/PhysRevD.104.064031
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
A powerful technique to calculate gravitational radiation from binary systems involves a perturbative expansion: if the masses of the two bodies are very different, the "small" body is treated as a point particle of mass $m_p$ moving in the gravitational field generated by the large mass $M$, and one keeps only linear terms in the small mass ratio $m_p/M$. This technique usually yields finite answers, which are often in good agreement with fully nonlinear numerical relativity results, even when extrapolated to nearly comparable mass ratios. Here we study two situations in which the point-particle approximation yields a divergent result: the instantaneous flux emitted by a small body as it orbits the light ring of a black hole, and the total energy absorbed by the horizon when a small body plunges into a black hole. By integrating the Teukolsky (or Zerilli/Regge-Wheeler) equations in the frequency and time domains we show that both of these quantities diverge. We find that these divergences are an artifact of the point-particle idealization, and are able to interpret and regularize this behavior by introducing a finite size for the point particle. These divergences do not play a role in black-hole imaging, e.g. by the Event Horizon Telescope.
[ { "created": "Thu, 17 Jun 2021 18:00:00 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 13 Sep 2021 14:59:27 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2021-09-22
[ [ "Barausse", "Enrico", "" ], [ "Berti", "Emanuele", "" ], [ "Cardoso", "Vitor", "" ], [ "Hughes", "Scott A.", "" ], [ "Khanna", "Gaurav", "" ] ]
A powerful technique to calculate gravitational radiation from binary systems involves a perturbative expansion: if the masses of the two bodies are very different, the "small" body is treated as a point particle of mass $m_p$ moving in the gravitational field generated by the large mass $M$, and one keeps only linear terms in the small mass ratio $m_p/M$. This technique usually yields finite answers, which are often in good agreement with fully nonlinear numerical relativity results, even when extrapolated to nearly comparable mass ratios. Here we study two situations in which the point-particle approximation yields a divergent result: the instantaneous flux emitted by a small body as it orbits the light ring of a black hole, and the total energy absorbed by the horizon when a small body plunges into a black hole. By integrating the Teukolsky (or Zerilli/Regge-Wheeler) equations in the frequency and time domains we show that both of these quantities diverge. We find that these divergences are an artifact of the point-particle idealization, and are able to interpret and regularize this behavior by introducing a finite size for the point particle. These divergences do not play a role in black-hole imaging, e.g. by the Event Horizon Telescope.
0802.1885
Marc Casals
Marc Casals
Electromagnetic Quantum Field Theory on Kerr-Newman Black Holes
Ph.D. thesis. University College Dublin, 2004. Advisor: Adrian C. Ottewill
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study classical and quantum aspects of electromagnetic perturbations on black hole space-times. We develop an elegant formalism introduced by Wald, which sets up the theory of linear perturbations in a Type-D background in a compact and transparent manner. We derive expressions for the electromagnetic potential in terms of the single Newman-Penrose scalar \phi_0.This enables the formulation of the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field as that of a complex scalar field. We study the separable field equations obeyed by the various Newman-Penrose scalars in the Kerr-Newman background and find, for various limits, the asymptotic behaviour of the radial and angular solutions. We correct and build on a study by Breuer, Ryan and Waller to find a uniformly valid asymptotic behaviour for large frequency of the angular solutions and the eigenvalues. We follow Candelas, Chrzanowski and Howard (CCH) in their canonical quantization of the electromagnetic potential and field. We perform an asymptotic analysis of the form of the renormalized stress-energy tensor (RSET) in the past Boulware state close to the horizon. Unlike results in CCH, its leading order behaviour close to the horizon corresponds to minus the stress tensor of a thermal distribution at the Hawking temperature rigidly rotating with the horizon. We prove that expressions in CCH for the expectation value of the stress tensor in the past Boulware, past Unruh and |CCH> states lead to a lack of symmetry of the RSET under parity, even though this is a symmetry of the physical system. We derive the correct symmetric expressions and present a detailed analysis of the resulting RSETs.
[ { "created": "Wed, 13 Feb 2008 18:14:37 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2008-02-14
[ [ "Casals", "Marc", "" ] ]
We study classical and quantum aspects of electromagnetic perturbations on black hole space-times. We develop an elegant formalism introduced by Wald, which sets up the theory of linear perturbations in a Type-D background in a compact and transparent manner. We derive expressions for the electromagnetic potential in terms of the single Newman-Penrose scalar \phi_0.This enables the formulation of the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field as that of a complex scalar field. We study the separable field equations obeyed by the various Newman-Penrose scalars in the Kerr-Newman background and find, for various limits, the asymptotic behaviour of the radial and angular solutions. We correct and build on a study by Breuer, Ryan and Waller to find a uniformly valid asymptotic behaviour for large frequency of the angular solutions and the eigenvalues. We follow Candelas, Chrzanowski and Howard (CCH) in their canonical quantization of the electromagnetic potential and field. We perform an asymptotic analysis of the form of the renormalized stress-energy tensor (RSET) in the past Boulware state close to the horizon. Unlike results in CCH, its leading order behaviour close to the horizon corresponds to minus the stress tensor of a thermal distribution at the Hawking temperature rigidly rotating with the horizon. We prove that expressions in CCH for the expectation value of the stress tensor in the past Boulware, past Unruh and |CCH> states lead to a lack of symmetry of the RSET under parity, even though this is a symmetry of the physical system. We derive the correct symmetric expressions and present a detailed analysis of the resulting RSETs.
1611.03418
Adam Lewis
Adam G.M. Lewis, Aaron Zimmerman, Harald P. Pfeiffer
Fundamental frequencies and resonances from eccentric and precessing binary black hole inspirals
40 pages, 15 figures Revised in response to reviewer comments. Figure 12, which previously had been incorrectly computed, is now correct
null
10.1088/1361-6382/aa66f4
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Binary black holes which are both eccentric and undergo precession remain unexplored in numerical simulations. We present simulations of such systems which cover about 50 orbits at comparatively high mass ratios 5 and 7. The configurations correspond to the generic motion of a nonspinning body in a Kerr spacetime, and are chosen to study the transition from finite mass-ratio inspirals to point particle motion in Kerr. We develop techniques to extract analogs of the three fundamental frequencies of Kerr geodesics, compare our frequencies to those of Kerr, and show that the differences are consistent with self-force corrections entering at first order in mass ratio. This analysis also locates orbital resonances where the ratios of our frequencies take rational values. At the considered mass ratios, the binaries pass through resonances in one to two resonant cycles, and we find no discernible effects on the orbital evolution. We also compute the decay of eccentricity during the inspiral and find good agreement with the leading order post-Newtonian prediction.
[ { "created": "Thu, 10 Nov 2016 17:41:55 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 7 Feb 2017 16:12:48 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2017-05-31
[ [ "Lewis", "Adam G. M.", "" ], [ "Zimmerman", "Aaron", "" ], [ "Pfeiffer", "Harald P.", "" ] ]
Binary black holes which are both eccentric and undergo precession remain unexplored in numerical simulations. We present simulations of such systems which cover about 50 orbits at comparatively high mass ratios 5 and 7. The configurations correspond to the generic motion of a nonspinning body in a Kerr spacetime, and are chosen to study the transition from finite mass-ratio inspirals to point particle motion in Kerr. We develop techniques to extract analogs of the three fundamental frequencies of Kerr geodesics, compare our frequencies to those of Kerr, and show that the differences are consistent with self-force corrections entering at first order in mass ratio. This analysis also locates orbital resonances where the ratios of our frequencies take rational values. At the considered mass ratios, the binaries pass through resonances in one to two resonant cycles, and we find no discernible effects on the orbital evolution. We also compute the decay of eccentricity during the inspiral and find good agreement with the leading order post-Newtonian prediction.
1607.05986
Sumanta Chakraborty
Sumanta Chakraborty
Boundary terms of the Einstein-Hilbert action
26 pages, no figures; Dedicated to Prof. Padmanabhan on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday; Published in the book "Gravity and the Quantum", Eds. Jasjeet Singh Bagla and Sunu Engineer (Springer, 2017)
Fundam.Theor.Phys. 187 (2017) 43-59
10.1007/978-3-319-51700-1_5
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The Einstein-Hilbert action for general relativity is not well posed in terms of the metric $g_{ab}$ as a dynamical variable. There have been many proposals to obtain an well posed action principle for general relativity, e.g., addition of the Gibbons-Hawking-York boundary term to the Einstein-Hilbert action. These boundary terms are dependent on what one fixes on the boundary and in particular on spacetime dimensions as well. Following recent works of Padmanabhan we will introduce two new variables to describe general relativity and the action principle with these new dynamical variables will turn out to be well posed. Then we will connect these dynamical variables and boundary term obtained thereof to existing literature and shall comment on a few properties of Einstein-Hilbert action which might have been unnoticed earlier in the literature. Before concluding with future prospects and discussions, we will perform a general analysis of the boundary term of Einstein-Hilbert action for null surfaces as well.
[ { "created": "Tue, 19 Jul 2016 03:36:45 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 3 Mar 2017 07:17:33 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Wed, 15 Mar 2017 04:17:21 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2017-03-16
[ [ "Chakraborty", "Sumanta", "" ] ]
The Einstein-Hilbert action for general relativity is not well posed in terms of the metric $g_{ab}$ as a dynamical variable. There have been many proposals to obtain an well posed action principle for general relativity, e.g., addition of the Gibbons-Hawking-York boundary term to the Einstein-Hilbert action. These boundary terms are dependent on what one fixes on the boundary and in particular on spacetime dimensions as well. Following recent works of Padmanabhan we will introduce two new variables to describe general relativity and the action principle with these new dynamical variables will turn out to be well posed. Then we will connect these dynamical variables and boundary term obtained thereof to existing literature and shall comment on a few properties of Einstein-Hilbert action which might have been unnoticed earlier in the literature. Before concluding with future prospects and discussions, we will perform a general analysis of the boundary term of Einstein-Hilbert action for null surfaces as well.
0906.0093
Theocharis Apostolatos
Theocharis A. Apostolatos, Georgios Lukes-Gerakopoulos, George Contopoulos
How to observe a non-Kerr spacetime
4 pages, 2 figures
Phys.Rev.Lett.103:111101,2009
10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.111101
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We present a generic criterion which can be used in gravitational-wave data analysis to distinguish an extreme-mass-ratio inspiral into a Kerr background spacetime from one into a non-Kerr background spacetime. The criterion exploits the fact that when an integrable system, such as the system that describes geodesic orbits in a Kerr spacetime, is perturbed, the tori in phase space which initially corresponded to resonances disintegrate so as to form the so called Birkhoff chains on a surface of section, according to the Poincar\'{e}-Birkhoff theorem. The KAM curves of these islands in such a chain share the same ratio of frequencies, even though the frequencies themselves vary from one KAM curve to another inside an island. On the other hand, the KAM curves, which do not lie in a Birkhoff chain, do not share this characteristic property. Such a temporal constancy of the ratio of frequencies during the evolution of the gravitational-wave signal will signal a non-Kerr spacetime which could then be further explored.
[ { "created": "Sat, 30 May 2009 16:59:41 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-11-06
[ [ "Apostolatos", "Theocharis A.", "" ], [ "Lukes-Gerakopoulos", "Georgios", "" ], [ "Contopoulos", "George", "" ] ]
We present a generic criterion which can be used in gravitational-wave data analysis to distinguish an extreme-mass-ratio inspiral into a Kerr background spacetime from one into a non-Kerr background spacetime. The criterion exploits the fact that when an integrable system, such as the system that describes geodesic orbits in a Kerr spacetime, is perturbed, the tori in phase space which initially corresponded to resonances disintegrate so as to form the so called Birkhoff chains on a surface of section, according to the Poincar\'{e}-Birkhoff theorem. The KAM curves of these islands in such a chain share the same ratio of frequencies, even though the frequencies themselves vary from one KAM curve to another inside an island. On the other hand, the KAM curves, which do not lie in a Birkhoff chain, do not share this characteristic property. Such a temporal constancy of the ratio of frequencies during the evolution of the gravitational-wave signal will signal a non-Kerr spacetime which could then be further explored.
0712.1413
Rakesh Tibrewala
Rakesh Tibrewala, Sashideep Gutti, T.P. Singh, Cenalo Vaz
Classical and Quantum Gravitational Collapse in d-dim AdS Spacetime I. Classical Solutions
19 pages, sections on surface gravity removed, section on self similar solution expanded, appendix removed, references added. To appear in Phys. Rev.D
Phys.Rev.D77:064012,2008
10.1103/PhysRevD.77.064012
null
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
null
We study the collapse of a spherically symmetric dust distribution in $d$-dimensional AdS spacetime. We investigate the role of dimensionality, and the presence of a negative cosmological constant, in determining the formation of trapped surfaces and the end state of gravitational collapse. We obtain the self-similar solution for the case of zero cosmological constant, and show that one cannot construct a self-similar solution when a cosmological constant is included.
[ { "created": "Mon, 10 Dec 2007 09:25:15 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 6 Feb 2008 09:53:47 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Tibrewala", "Rakesh", "" ], [ "Gutti", "Sashideep", "" ], [ "Singh", "T. P.", "" ], [ "Vaz", "Cenalo", "" ] ]
We study the collapse of a spherically symmetric dust distribution in $d$-dimensional AdS spacetime. We investigate the role of dimensionality, and the presence of a negative cosmological constant, in determining the formation of trapped surfaces and the end state of gravitational collapse. We obtain the self-similar solution for the case of zero cosmological constant, and show that one cannot construct a self-similar solution when a cosmological constant is included.
1812.11603
Borja Reina
Brien C. Nolan, Borja Reina, Kepa Sousa
First order perturbations of hypersurfaces of arbitrary causal character
31 pages + appendices, 2 figures
null
10.1088/1361-6382/ab300b
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this work we study the problem of first order perturbations of a general hypersurface, i.e. with arbitrary causal character at each point. We extend the framework by Mars (Class. Quantum Grav. 22 3325 (2005)) where this problem was studied to second order for everywhere timelike or spacelike hypersurfaces, and we adapt it to cover the general case. We apply the formalism to the matching of spacetimes across a general hypersurface to first order in perturbation theory.
[ { "created": "Sun, 30 Dec 2018 20:19:41 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2020-01-08
[ [ "Nolan", "Brien C.", "" ], [ "Reina", "Borja", "" ], [ "Sousa", "Kepa", "" ] ]
In this work we study the problem of first order perturbations of a general hypersurface, i.e. with arbitrary causal character at each point. We extend the framework by Mars (Class. Quantum Grav. 22 3325 (2005)) where this problem was studied to second order for everywhere timelike or spacelike hypersurfaces, and we adapt it to cover the general case. We apply the formalism to the matching of spacetimes across a general hypersurface to first order in perturbation theory.
2407.21076
Saulo Carneiro
I. P. R. Baranov, H. A. Borges, F. C. Sobrinho and S. Carneiro
Non-singular naked solutions in quantum spacetime
10 pages, 2 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Polymer models have been used to describe non-singular quantum black holes, where the classical singularity is replaced by a transition from a black hole to a white hole. In a previous letter, in the context of a uni-parametric model with asymptotic flat exterior metric, we fixed the radius of the transition surface through the identification of its area with the area gap of Loop Quantum Gravity. This revealed a dependence of the polymerisation parameter on the black hole mass, where the former increases as the latter decreases, and it also enabled the extension of the model to Planck-scale black holes. We have identified the existence of limiting states with masses $m \geq \sqrt{2}/4$ and zero surface gravity, showing that Hawking evaporation asymptotically leads to remnant black holes of Planck size. In the present paper we consider solutions with $m < \sqrt{2}/4$, observing again the presence of a minimal radius, but without formation of horizons. Diversely from the previous mass range, only charged solutions are allowed in this case.
[ { "created": "Mon, 29 Jul 2024 19:09:30 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2024-08-01
[ [ "Baranov", "I. P. R.", "" ], [ "Borges", "H. A.", "" ], [ "Sobrinho", "F. C.", "" ], [ "Carneiro", "S.", "" ] ]
Polymer models have been used to describe non-singular quantum black holes, where the classical singularity is replaced by a transition from a black hole to a white hole. In a previous letter, in the context of a uni-parametric model with asymptotic flat exterior metric, we fixed the radius of the transition surface through the identification of its area with the area gap of Loop Quantum Gravity. This revealed a dependence of the polymerisation parameter on the black hole mass, where the former increases as the latter decreases, and it also enabled the extension of the model to Planck-scale black holes. We have identified the existence of limiting states with masses $m \geq \sqrt{2}/4$ and zero surface gravity, showing that Hawking evaporation asymptotically leads to remnant black holes of Planck size. In the present paper we consider solutions with $m < \sqrt{2}/4$, observing again the presence of a minimal radius, but without formation of horizons. Diversely from the previous mass range, only charged solutions are allowed in this case.
2009.06311
Klaus Liegener Dr
Wojciech Kami\'nski, Klaus Liegener
Symmetry restriction and its application to gravity
69 pages
Class. Quantum Grav. 38, 065013 (2021)
10.1088/1361-6382/abdf29
null
gr-qc math-ph math.MP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In the Hamiltonian formulation, it is not a priori clear whether a symmetric configuration will keep its symmetry during evolution. In this paper, we give precise requirements of when this is the case and propose a symmetry restriction to the phase space of the symmetric variables. This can often ease computation, especially when transcending from the infinite dimensional phase space of a field theory to a possibly finite dimensional subspace. We will demonstrate this in the case of gravity. A prominent example is the restriction of full Hamiltonian general relativity to the cosmological configurations of Robertson-Walker type. We will demonstrate our procedure in this setting and extend it to examples which appear useful in certain approaches to quantum gravity.
[ { "created": "Mon, 14 Sep 2020 10:24:19 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2021-11-01
[ [ "Kamiński", "Wojciech", "" ], [ "Liegener", "Klaus", "" ] ]
In the Hamiltonian formulation, it is not a priori clear whether a symmetric configuration will keep its symmetry during evolution. In this paper, we give precise requirements of when this is the case and propose a symmetry restriction to the phase space of the symmetric variables. This can often ease computation, especially when transcending from the infinite dimensional phase space of a field theory to a possibly finite dimensional subspace. We will demonstrate this in the case of gravity. A prominent example is the restriction of full Hamiltonian general relativity to the cosmological configurations of Robertson-Walker type. We will demonstrate our procedure in this setting and extend it to examples which appear useful in certain approaches to quantum gravity.
1705.00889
Stefano Lucat
Stefano Lucat and Tomislav Prokopec
Observing Geometrical Torsion
9 pages
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Dynamical (propagating) torsion can be observed by using conventional gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO, Virgo, LISA and bar detectors. We discuss specific signatures of different types of torsion, in particular those of vector and mixed symmetric torsion (skew symmetric torsion cannot be detected in this way). These signatures are specific to torsion and therefore they can be unambiguously distinguished from those of gravitational waves.
[ { "created": "Tue, 2 May 2017 10:26:00 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2017-05-03
[ [ "Lucat", "Stefano", "" ], [ "Prokopec", "Tomislav", "" ] ]
Dynamical (propagating) torsion can be observed by using conventional gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO, Virgo, LISA and bar detectors. We discuss specific signatures of different types of torsion, in particular those of vector and mixed symmetric torsion (skew symmetric torsion cannot be detected in this way). These signatures are specific to torsion and therefore they can be unambiguously distinguished from those of gravitational waves.
1406.1705
Andrew Makarenko
Andrey N. Makarenko
Unification of the inflation with late-time acceleration in Born-Infeld-$f(R)$ gravity
null
Astrophys.Space Sci. 352 (2014) 921-924
10.1007/s10509-014-1955-2
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study accelerating dynamics from Born-Infeld-$f(R)$ gravity in a simplified conformal approach without matter. In our work (A.N. Makarenko, S. Odintsov, G.J. Olmo, Phys.Lett. B734 (2014) 36, [arXiv:1403.2850]) it was derived eventually any Dark Energy cosmology from above theory. In this Letter we apply the technique of (arXiv:1403.2850) to show that Born-Infeld-$f(R)$ gravity may describe very realistic universe admitting the unification of early-time inflation with late-time acceleration. Specifically, the evolution with periodic as well as non-periodic behavior is considered with possibility to cross the phantom-divide at early or late-times.
[ { "created": "Fri, 6 Jun 2014 15:23:25 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2014-07-22
[ [ "Makarenko", "Andrey N.", "" ] ]
We study accelerating dynamics from Born-Infeld-$f(R)$ gravity in a simplified conformal approach without matter. In our work (A.N. Makarenko, S. Odintsov, G.J. Olmo, Phys.Lett. B734 (2014) 36, [arXiv:1403.2850]) it was derived eventually any Dark Energy cosmology from above theory. In this Letter we apply the technique of (arXiv:1403.2850) to show that Born-Infeld-$f(R)$ gravity may describe very realistic universe admitting the unification of early-time inflation with late-time acceleration. Specifically, the evolution with periodic as well as non-periodic behavior is considered with possibility to cross the phantom-divide at early or late-times.
1802.06596
Michael Kalisch
Michael Kalisch
Numerical construction and critical behavior of Kaluza-Klein black holes
This PhD thesis is based on arXiv:1607.03099 and arXiv:1706.02323 but it provides a wider introduction and a more detailed discussion of the pseudo-spectral method used in this work
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The idea of extra dimensions provides a promising approach to overcome various problems in modern physics. This includes theoretical as well as phenomenological aspects, such as the unification of the fundamental interactions or the hierarchy problem. Based on the seminal works by Kaluza and Klein that were published nearly 100 years ago, we denote theories with at least one compact periodic dimension as Kaluza-Klein theories. From a gravitational point of view the question arises, what are the fundamental solutions to Einstein's field equations of general relativity under these assumptions. In particular, in this work we are concerned with black hole solutions in Kaluza-Klein theory. Considering only the static case without electric charge, it turns out that there is a much richer phase space than in the usual four-dimensional theory, where only the Schwarzschild solution exists. There are at least two types of solutions with a completely different horizon topology: localized black holes with an ordinary spherical horizon and black strings with a horizon that wraps the compact dimension. Several arguments favor the conjecture that the solution branches of both types are connected via a singular topology changing solution that is controlled by the so-called double-cone metric. We study the regime close to this singular transit solution in five and six spacetime dimensions with the help of a highly accurate numerical scheme that we describe in detail. Consequently, for the first time we are able to show that in this regime the black objects exhibit a critical behavior, indicating that physical quantities are governed by universal critical exponents. Such exponents were already derived from the double-cone metric. We show that our data confirms these values extremely well. This provides compelling evidence in favor of the double-cone metric as the local model of the transit solution.
[ { "created": "Mon, 19 Feb 2018 11:59:17 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2018-02-20
[ [ "Kalisch", "Michael", "" ] ]
The idea of extra dimensions provides a promising approach to overcome various problems in modern physics. This includes theoretical as well as phenomenological aspects, such as the unification of the fundamental interactions or the hierarchy problem. Based on the seminal works by Kaluza and Klein that were published nearly 100 years ago, we denote theories with at least one compact periodic dimension as Kaluza-Klein theories. From a gravitational point of view the question arises, what are the fundamental solutions to Einstein's field equations of general relativity under these assumptions. In particular, in this work we are concerned with black hole solutions in Kaluza-Klein theory. Considering only the static case without electric charge, it turns out that there is a much richer phase space than in the usual four-dimensional theory, where only the Schwarzschild solution exists. There are at least two types of solutions with a completely different horizon topology: localized black holes with an ordinary spherical horizon and black strings with a horizon that wraps the compact dimension. Several arguments favor the conjecture that the solution branches of both types are connected via a singular topology changing solution that is controlled by the so-called double-cone metric. We study the regime close to this singular transit solution in five and six spacetime dimensions with the help of a highly accurate numerical scheme that we describe in detail. Consequently, for the first time we are able to show that in this regime the black objects exhibit a critical behavior, indicating that physical quantities are governed by universal critical exponents. Such exponents were already derived from the double-cone metric. We show that our data confirms these values extremely well. This provides compelling evidence in favor of the double-cone metric as the local model of the transit solution.
2111.12693
Albert Escriv\`a
Albert Escriv\`a
PBH formation from spherically symmetric hydrodynamical perturbations: a review
Invited review article. Published in the "Universe" journal on the Special Issue: Primordial Black Holes from Inflation. Feature Paper. 60 pages and 24 figures. v3: matches the published version
Universe 2022, 8(2), 66
10.3390/universe8020066
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Primordial black holes, which could have been formed in the very early Universe due to the collapse of large curvature fluctuations, are nowadays one of the most attractive and fascinating research areas in cosmology for their possible theoretical and observational implications. This review article presents the current results and developments on the conditions for primordial black hole formation from the collapse of curvature fluctuations in spherical symmetry on a Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker background and its numerical simulation. We review the appropriate formalism for the conditions of primordial black hole formation, and we detail a numerical implementation. We then focus on different results regarding the threshold and the black hole mass using different sets of curvature fluctuations. Finally, we present the current state of analytical estimations for the primordial black hole formation threshold, contrasted with numerical simulations.
[ { "created": "Wed, 24 Nov 2021 18:42:16 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 13 Jan 2022 17:23:34 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Wed, 26 Jan 2022 18:16:28 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2022-01-27
[ [ "Escrivà", "Albert", "" ] ]
Primordial black holes, which could have been formed in the very early Universe due to the collapse of large curvature fluctuations, are nowadays one of the most attractive and fascinating research areas in cosmology for their possible theoretical and observational implications. This review article presents the current results and developments on the conditions for primordial black hole formation from the collapse of curvature fluctuations in spherical symmetry on a Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker background and its numerical simulation. We review the appropriate formalism for the conditions of primordial black hole formation, and we detail a numerical implementation. We then focus on different results regarding the threshold and the black hole mass using different sets of curvature fluctuations. Finally, we present the current state of analytical estimations for the primordial black hole formation threshold, contrasted with numerical simulations.
gr-qc/9605021
Franz Embacher
Franz Embacher
Quantum cosmology in the energy representation
38 pages, LaTeX (no figures), referenced updated
Nucl.Phys. B479 (1996) 461-494
10.1016/0550-3213(96)00444-0
UWThPh-1996-32
gr-qc
null
The Hawking minisuperspace model (closed FRW geometry with a homogeneous massive scalar field) provides a fairly non-trivial testing ground for fundamental problems in quantum cosmology. We provide evidence that the Wheeler-DeWitt equation admits a basis of solutions that is distinguished by analyticity properities in a large scale factor expansion. As a consequence, the space of solutions decomposes in a preferred way into two Hilbert spaces with positive and negative definite scalar product, respectively. These results may be viewed as a hint for a deeper significance of analyticity. If a similar structure exists in full (non-minisuperspace) models as well, severe implications on the foundations of quantum cosmology are to be expected. Semiclassically, the elements of the preferred basis describe contracting and expanding universes with a prescribed value of the matter (scalar field) energy. Half of the basis elements have previously been constructed by Hawking and Page in a wormhole context, and they appear in a new light here. The technical tools to arrive at these conclusions are transformations of the wave function into several alternative representations that are based on the harmonic oscillator form of the matter energy operator, and that are called oscillator, energy and Fock representation. The framework defined by these may be of some help in analyzing the Wheeler-DeWitt equation for other purposes as well.
[ { "created": "Thu, 9 May 1996 17:46:16 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 10 May 1996 12:29:14 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-10-28
[ [ "Embacher", "Franz", "" ] ]
The Hawking minisuperspace model (closed FRW geometry with a homogeneous massive scalar field) provides a fairly non-trivial testing ground for fundamental problems in quantum cosmology. We provide evidence that the Wheeler-DeWitt equation admits a basis of solutions that is distinguished by analyticity properities in a large scale factor expansion. As a consequence, the space of solutions decomposes in a preferred way into two Hilbert spaces with positive and negative definite scalar product, respectively. These results may be viewed as a hint for a deeper significance of analyticity. If a similar structure exists in full (non-minisuperspace) models as well, severe implications on the foundations of quantum cosmology are to be expected. Semiclassically, the elements of the preferred basis describe contracting and expanding universes with a prescribed value of the matter (scalar field) energy. Half of the basis elements have previously been constructed by Hawking and Page in a wormhole context, and they appear in a new light here. The technical tools to arrive at these conclusions are transformations of the wave function into several alternative representations that are based on the harmonic oscillator form of the matter energy operator, and that are called oscillator, energy and Fock representation. The framework defined by these may be of some help in analyzing the Wheeler-DeWitt equation for other purposes as well.
2206.11874
Zichang Huang
Zichang Huang, Shan Huang, Yidun Wan
A saddle-point finder and its application to the spin foam model
27 pages, 4 figures
null
10.1103/PhysRevD.107.046011
null
gr-qc hep-lat hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We introduce a saddle-point finder that can find the complex saddle points for any analytically continued action. We showcase our saddle-point finder by two examples in the EPRL spin foam model: the single vertex case and the case of triangulation $\Delta_3$. In both cases, the complex saddle points are found, and each saddle point's contribution to the partition function is estimated. We also discuss the geometrical interpretation of each saddle point.
[ { "created": "Thu, 23 Jun 2022 17:26:44 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2023-03-08
[ [ "Huang", "Zichang", "" ], [ "Huang", "Shan", "" ], [ "Wan", "Yidun", "" ] ]
We introduce a saddle-point finder that can find the complex saddle points for any analytically continued action. We showcase our saddle-point finder by two examples in the EPRL spin foam model: the single vertex case and the case of triangulation $\Delta_3$. In both cases, the complex saddle points are found, and each saddle point's contribution to the partition function is estimated. We also discuss the geometrical interpretation of each saddle point.
1110.1191
Amare Abebe Mr
Amare Abebe, Mohamed Abdelwahab, Alvaro de la Cruz-Dombriz, Peter K. S. Dunsby
Covariant gauge-invariant perturbations in multifluid f(R) gravity
32 pages, 3 figures, published version
Class. Quantum Grav. 29 (2012) 135011
10.1088/0264-9381/29/13/135011
null
gr-qc hep-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the evolution of scalar cosmological perturbations in the (1+3)- covariant gauge-invariant formalism for generic $f(R)$ theories of gravity. Extending previous works, we give a complete set of equations describing the evolution of matter and curvature fluctuations for a multi-fluid cosmological medium. We then specialize to a radiation-dust fluid described by barotropic equations of state and solve the perturbation equations around a background solution of $R^{n}$ gravity. In particular we study exact solutions for scales much smaller and much larger than the Hubble radius and show that $n>2/3$ in order to have a growth rate compatible with the M\'esz\'aros effect.
[ { "created": "Thu, 6 Oct 2011 09:03:43 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 11 Oct 2011 11:44:45 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Thu, 7 Jun 2012 11:43:28 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2012-06-08
[ [ "Abebe", "Amare", "" ], [ "Abdelwahab", "Mohamed", "" ], [ "de la Cruz-Dombriz", "Alvaro", "" ], [ "Dunsby", "Peter K. S.", "" ] ]
We study the evolution of scalar cosmological perturbations in the (1+3)- covariant gauge-invariant formalism for generic $f(R)$ theories of gravity. Extending previous works, we give a complete set of equations describing the evolution of matter and curvature fluctuations for a multi-fluid cosmological medium. We then specialize to a radiation-dust fluid described by barotropic equations of state and solve the perturbation equations around a background solution of $R^{n}$ gravity. In particular we study exact solutions for scales much smaller and much larger than the Hubble radius and show that $n>2/3$ in order to have a growth rate compatible with the M\'esz\'aros effect.
1903.07779
Alexander Saffer
Alexander Saffer, Hector O. Silva, and Nico Yunes
The exterior spacetime of relativistic stars in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
13 pages, 9 figures. Updated to published version. Corrected typos
Phys. Rev. D 100, 044030 (2019)
10.1103/PhysRevD.100.044030
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The spacetime around compact objects is an excellent place to study gravity in the strong, nonlinear, dynamical regime where solar system tests cannot account for the effects of large curvature. Understanding the dynamics of this spacetime is important for testing theories of gravity and probing a regime which has not yet been studied with observations. In this paper, we construct an analytical solution for the exterior spacetime of a neutron star in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity that is independent of the equation of state chosen. The aim is to provide a metric that can be used to probe the strong-field regime near a neutron star and create predictions that can be compared with future observations to place possible constraints on the theory. In addition to constructing the metric, we examine a number of physical systems in order to see what deviations exist between our spacetime and that of general relativity. We find these deviations to be small and of higher post-Newtonian order than previous results using black hole solutions. The metric derived here can be used to further the study of scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity in the strong field, and allow for constraints on corrections to general relativity with future observations.
[ { "created": "Tue, 19 Mar 2019 00:39:49 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 29 Aug 2019 20:28:54 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2019-09-02
[ [ "Saffer", "Alexander", "" ], [ "Silva", "Hector O.", "" ], [ "Yunes", "Nico", "" ] ]
The spacetime around compact objects is an excellent place to study gravity in the strong, nonlinear, dynamical regime where solar system tests cannot account for the effects of large curvature. Understanding the dynamics of this spacetime is important for testing theories of gravity and probing a regime which has not yet been studied with observations. In this paper, we construct an analytical solution for the exterior spacetime of a neutron star in scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity that is independent of the equation of state chosen. The aim is to provide a metric that can be used to probe the strong-field regime near a neutron star and create predictions that can be compared with future observations to place possible constraints on the theory. In addition to constructing the metric, we examine a number of physical systems in order to see what deviations exist between our spacetime and that of general relativity. We find these deviations to be small and of higher post-Newtonian order than previous results using black hole solutions. The metric derived here can be used to further the study of scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity in the strong field, and allow for constraints on corrections to general relativity with future observations.
gr-qc/0306096
Neil J. Cornish
Neil J. Cornish and Ronald W. Hellings
The Effects of Orbital Motion on LISA Time Delay Interferometry
12 pages, 2 figures
Class.Quant.Grav.20:4851-4860,2003
10.1088/0264-9381/20/22/009
null
gr-qc
null
In an effort to eliminate laser phase noise in laser interferometer spaceborne gravitational wave detectors, several combinations of signals have been found that allow the laser noise to be canceled out while gravitational wave signals remain. This process is called time delay interferometry (TDI). In the papers that defined the TDI variables, their performance was evaluated in the limit that the gravitational wave detector is fixed in space. However, the performance depends on certain symmetries in the armlengths that are available if the detector is fixed in space, but that will be broken in the actual rotating and flexing configuration produced by the LISA orbits. In this paper we investigate the performance of these TDI variables for the real LISA orbits. First, addressing the effects of rotation, we verify Daniel Shaddock's result that the Sagnac variables will not cancel out the laser phase noise, and we also find the same result for the symmetric Sagnac variable. The loss of the latter variable would be particularly unfortunate since this variable also cancels out gravitational wave signal, allowing instrument noise in the detector to be isolated and measured. Fortunately, we have found a set of more complicated TDI variables, which we call Delta-Sagnac variables, one of which accomplishes the same goal as the symmetric Sagnac variable to good accuracy. Finally, however, as we investigate the effects of the flexing of the detector arms due to non-circular orbital motion, we show that all variables, including the interferometer variables, which survive the rotation-induced loss of direction symmetry, will not completely cancel laser phase noise when the armlengths are changing with time. This unavoidable problem will place a stringent requirement on laser stability of 5 Hz per root Hz.
[ { "created": "Fri, 20 Jun 2003 19:54:14 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 21 Jun 2003 00:59:50 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2010-11-19
[ [ "Cornish", "Neil J.", "" ], [ "Hellings", "Ronald W.", "" ] ]
In an effort to eliminate laser phase noise in laser interferometer spaceborne gravitational wave detectors, several combinations of signals have been found that allow the laser noise to be canceled out while gravitational wave signals remain. This process is called time delay interferometry (TDI). In the papers that defined the TDI variables, their performance was evaluated in the limit that the gravitational wave detector is fixed in space. However, the performance depends on certain symmetries in the armlengths that are available if the detector is fixed in space, but that will be broken in the actual rotating and flexing configuration produced by the LISA orbits. In this paper we investigate the performance of these TDI variables for the real LISA orbits. First, addressing the effects of rotation, we verify Daniel Shaddock's result that the Sagnac variables will not cancel out the laser phase noise, and we also find the same result for the symmetric Sagnac variable. The loss of the latter variable would be particularly unfortunate since this variable also cancels out gravitational wave signal, allowing instrument noise in the detector to be isolated and measured. Fortunately, we have found a set of more complicated TDI variables, which we call Delta-Sagnac variables, one of which accomplishes the same goal as the symmetric Sagnac variable to good accuracy. Finally, however, as we investigate the effects of the flexing of the detector arms due to non-circular orbital motion, we show that all variables, including the interferometer variables, which survive the rotation-induced loss of direction symmetry, will not completely cancel laser phase noise when the armlengths are changing with time. This unavoidable problem will place a stringent requirement on laser stability of 5 Hz per root Hz.
gr-qc/0012063
Graham Shore
G.M. Shore
Accelerating Photons with Gravitational Radiation
14 pages, TeX, uses harvmac
Nucl.Phys. B605 (2001) 455-466
10.1016/S0550-3213(01)00137-7
CERN-TH/2000-285, SWAT/266, UGVA-DPT-00-9-1088
gr-qc
null
The nature of superluminal photon propagation in the gravitational field describing radiation from a time-dependent, isolated source (the Bondi-Sachs metric) is considered in an effective theory which includes interactions which violate the strong equivalence principle. Such interactions are, for example, generated by vacuum polarisation in conventional QED in curved spacetime. The relation of the resulting light-cone modifications to the Peeling Theorem for the Bondi-Sachs spacetime is explained.
[ { "created": "Sun, 17 Dec 2000 13:02:52 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-10-31
[ [ "Shore", "G. M.", "" ] ]
The nature of superluminal photon propagation in the gravitational field describing radiation from a time-dependent, isolated source (the Bondi-Sachs metric) is considered in an effective theory which includes interactions which violate the strong equivalence principle. Such interactions are, for example, generated by vacuum polarisation in conventional QED in curved spacetime. The relation of the resulting light-cone modifications to the Peeling Theorem for the Bondi-Sachs spacetime is explained.
gr-qc/0404084
Miguel Sanchez
Antonio N. Bernal and Miguel S\'anchez
Smooth globally hyperbolic splittings and temporal functions
11 pages, Contribution to Proc. II Int. Meeting on Lorentzian Geometry, Murcia (Spain), November 12-14, 2003
null
null
null
gr-qc math.DG
null
Geroch's theorem about the splitting of globally hyperbolic spacetimes is a central result in global Lorentzian Geometry. Nevertheless, this result was obtained at a topological level, and the possibility to obtain a metric (or, at least, smooth) version has been controversial since its publication in 1970. In fact, this problem has remained open until a definitive proof, recently provided by the authors. Our purpose is to summarize the history of the problem, explain the smooth and metric splitting results (including smoothability of time functions in stably causal spacetimes), and sketch the ideas of the solution.
[ { "created": "Tue, 20 Apr 2004 09:48:26 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Bernal", "Antonio N.", "" ], [ "Sánchez", "Miguel", "" ] ]
Geroch's theorem about the splitting of globally hyperbolic spacetimes is a central result in global Lorentzian Geometry. Nevertheless, this result was obtained at a topological level, and the possibility to obtain a metric (or, at least, smooth) version has been controversial since its publication in 1970. In fact, this problem has remained open until a definitive proof, recently provided by the authors. Our purpose is to summarize the history of the problem, explain the smooth and metric splitting results (including smoothability of time functions in stably causal spacetimes), and sketch the ideas of the solution.
2207.13822
Bogeun Gwak
Bogeun Gwak
Weak Cosmic Censorship Conjecture in Myers-Perry Black Hole with Separability
17 pages, 3 figures
JCAP 10 (2022) 077
10.1088/1475-7516/2022/10/077
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We investigate the weak cosmic censorship conjecture in Myers-Perry black holes with arbitrary rotations in general dimensions based on the scattering of a massless scalar field. From the fluxes of the scalar field flowing into the black hole, the changes in mass and angular momenta of the black hole are obtained. However, the extremal and near-extremal black holes with the aforementioned changes are still black holes in the final state. Hence, the conjecture is valid for our investigation. Furthermore, we analyze the changes in the black hole from a thermodynamic perspective to highlight that the laws of thermodynamics support the conjecture.
[ { "created": "Wed, 27 Jul 2022 23:08:14 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2022-10-28
[ [ "Gwak", "Bogeun", "" ] ]
We investigate the weak cosmic censorship conjecture in Myers-Perry black holes with arbitrary rotations in general dimensions based on the scattering of a massless scalar field. From the fluxes of the scalar field flowing into the black hole, the changes in mass and angular momenta of the black hole are obtained. However, the extremal and near-extremal black holes with the aforementioned changes are still black holes in the final state. Hence, the conjecture is valid for our investigation. Furthermore, we analyze the changes in the black hole from a thermodynamic perspective to highlight that the laws of thermodynamics support the conjecture.
gr-qc/9602017
null
Roy Maartens and Conrad Mellin
Anisotropic universes with conformal motion
8 pages, latex
Class. Quant. Grav. 13 (1996) 1571
10.1088/0264-9381/13/6/021
RCG 96/4
gr-qc
null
By imposing natural geometrical and kinematical conditions on a conformal Killing vector in Bianchi I spacetime, we show that a class of axisymmetric metrics admits a conformal motion. This class contains new exact solutions of Einstein's equations, including anisotropic radiation universes that isotropise at late times.
[ { "created": "Fri, 9 Feb 1996 18:11:17 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-10-28
[ [ "Maartens", "Roy", "" ], [ "Mellin", "Conrad", "" ] ]
By imposing natural geometrical and kinematical conditions on a conformal Killing vector in Bianchi I spacetime, we show that a class of axisymmetric metrics admits a conformal motion. This class contains new exact solutions of Einstein's equations, including anisotropic radiation universes that isotropise at late times.
0810.4786
David Brizuela
David Brizuela, Jose M. Martin-Garcia
Hamiltonian theory for the axial perturbations of a dynamical spherical background
12 pages, accepted by Classical and Quantum Gravity
Class.Quant.Grav.26:015003,2009
10.1088/0264-9381/26/1/015003
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We develop the Hamiltonian theory of axial perturbations around a general time-dependent spherical background spacetime. Using the fact that the linearized constraints are gauge generators, we isolate the physical and unconstrained axial gravitational wave in a Hamiltonian pair of variables. Then, switching to a more geometrical description of the system, we construct the only scalar combination of them. We obtain the well-known Gerlach and Sengupta scalar for axial perturbations, with no known equivalent for polar perturbations. The strategy suggested and tested here will be applied to the polar case in a separate article.
[ { "created": "Mon, 27 Oct 2008 11:10:35 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-02-09
[ [ "Brizuela", "David", "" ], [ "Martin-Garcia", "Jose M.", "" ] ]
We develop the Hamiltonian theory of axial perturbations around a general time-dependent spherical background spacetime. Using the fact that the linearized constraints are gauge generators, we isolate the physical and unconstrained axial gravitational wave in a Hamiltonian pair of variables. Then, switching to a more geometrical description of the system, we construct the only scalar combination of them. We obtain the well-known Gerlach and Sengupta scalar for axial perturbations, with no known equivalent for polar perturbations. The strategy suggested and tested here will be applied to the polar case in a separate article.
1005.2327
Valerio Faraoni
Valerio Faraoni (Bishop's University)
Black hole entropy in scalar-tensor and f(R) gravity: an overview
24 pages, latex, to appear in "Entropy in Quantum Gravity", special issue of Entropy, R. Garattini editor.
null
10.3390/e12051246
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
A short overview of black hole entropy in alternative gravitational theories is presented. Motivated by the recent attempts to explain the cosmic acceleration without dark energy, we focus on metric and Palatini f(R) gravity and on scalar-tensor theories.
[ { "created": "Thu, 13 May 2010 14:21:55 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-05-19
[ [ "Faraoni", "Valerio", "", "Bishop's University" ] ]
A short overview of black hole entropy in alternative gravitational theories is presented. Motivated by the recent attempts to explain the cosmic acceleration without dark energy, we focus on metric and Palatini f(R) gravity and on scalar-tensor theories.
gr-qc/9309008
null
Pedro F. Gonzalez-Diaz
Quantum State and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in Gravity
4p
Int.J.Mod.Phys.D3:191-194,1994
10.1142/S0218271894000265
IMAFF-RC-05-93
gr-qc
null
A spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism is used in quantum gravity to obtain a convergent positive definite density-matrix as the most general quantum state of Euclidean wormholes
[ { "created": "Mon, 13 Sep 1993 17:12:54 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2011-04-20
[ [ "Gonzalez-Diaz", "Pedro F.", "" ] ]
A spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism is used in quantum gravity to obtain a convergent positive definite density-matrix as the most general quantum state of Euclidean wormholes
2105.00646
Heba Sami
Heba Sami, Shambel Sahlu, Amare Abebe and Peter K. S. Dunsby
Covariant density and velocity perturbations of the quasi-Newtonian cosmological model in $f(T)$ gravity
30 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2012.06721
null
10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09615-6
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We investigate classes of shear-free cosmological dust models with irrotational fluid flows within the framework of $f(T)$ gravity. In particular, we use the $1 + 3$ covariant formalism and present the covariant linearised evolution and constraint equations describing such models. We then derive the integrability conditions describing a consistent evolution of the linearised field equations of these quasi-Newtonian universes in the $f(T)$ gravitational theory. Finally, we derive the evolution equations for the density and velocity perturbations of the quasi-Newtonian universe. We explore the behaviour of the matter density contrast for two models - $f(T)= \mu T_{0}(T/T_{0})^{n}$ and the more generalised case, where $f(T)= T+ \mu T_{0} (T/T_{0})^{n}$, with and without the application of the quasi-static approximation. Our numerical solutions show that these $f(T)$ theories can be suitable alternatives to study the background dynamics, whereas the growth of energy density fluctuations change dramatically from the expected $\Lambda$CDM behaviour even for small deviations away from the general relativistic limits of the underlying $f(T)$ theory. Moreover, applying the so-called quasi-static approximation yields exact-solution results that are orders of magnitude different from the numerically integrated solutions of the full system, suggesting that these approximations are not applicable here.
[ { "created": "Mon, 3 May 2021 06:40:12 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2022-07-27
[ [ "Sami", "Heba", "" ], [ "Sahlu", "Shambel", "" ], [ "Abebe", "Amare", "" ], [ "Dunsby", "Peter K. S.", "" ] ]
We investigate classes of shear-free cosmological dust models with irrotational fluid flows within the framework of $f(T)$ gravity. In particular, we use the $1 + 3$ covariant formalism and present the covariant linearised evolution and constraint equations describing such models. We then derive the integrability conditions describing a consistent evolution of the linearised field equations of these quasi-Newtonian universes in the $f(T)$ gravitational theory. Finally, we derive the evolution equations for the density and velocity perturbations of the quasi-Newtonian universe. We explore the behaviour of the matter density contrast for two models - $f(T)= \mu T_{0}(T/T_{0})^{n}$ and the more generalised case, where $f(T)= T+ \mu T_{0} (T/T_{0})^{n}$, with and without the application of the quasi-static approximation. Our numerical solutions show that these $f(T)$ theories can be suitable alternatives to study the background dynamics, whereas the growth of energy density fluctuations change dramatically from the expected $\Lambda$CDM behaviour even for small deviations away from the general relativistic limits of the underlying $f(T)$ theory. Moreover, applying the so-called quasi-static approximation yields exact-solution results that are orders of magnitude different from the numerically integrated solutions of the full system, suggesting that these approximations are not applicable here.
0812.0110
Clifford M. Will
Clifford M. Will
Carter-like constants of the motion in Newtonian gravity and electrodynamics
4 pages
Phys.Rev.Lett.102:061101,2009
10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.061101
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
For a test body orbiting an axisymmetric body in Newtonian gravitational theory with multipole moments Q_L, (and for a charge in a non-relativistic orbit about a charge distribution with the same multipole moments) we show that there exists, in addition to the energy and angular momentum component along the symmetry axis, a conserved quantity analogous to the Carter constant of Kerr spacetimes in general relativity, if the odd-L moments vanish, and the even-L moments satisfy Q_2L = m (Q_2/m)^L. Strangely, this is precisely the relation among mass moments enforced by the no-hair theorems of rotating black holes. By contrast, if Newtonian gravity is supplemented by a multipolar gravitomagnetic field, whose leading term represents frame-dragging (or if the electrostatic field is supplemented by a multipolar magnetic field), we are unable to find an analogous Carter-like constant. This further highlights the very special nature of the Kerr geometry of general relativity.
[ { "created": "Sat, 29 Nov 2008 21:50:16 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-02-27
[ [ "Will", "Clifford M.", "" ] ]
For a test body orbiting an axisymmetric body in Newtonian gravitational theory with multipole moments Q_L, (and for a charge in a non-relativistic orbit about a charge distribution with the same multipole moments) we show that there exists, in addition to the energy and angular momentum component along the symmetry axis, a conserved quantity analogous to the Carter constant of Kerr spacetimes in general relativity, if the odd-L moments vanish, and the even-L moments satisfy Q_2L = m (Q_2/m)^L. Strangely, this is precisely the relation among mass moments enforced by the no-hair theorems of rotating black holes. By contrast, if Newtonian gravity is supplemented by a multipolar gravitomagnetic field, whose leading term represents frame-dragging (or if the electrostatic field is supplemented by a multipolar magnetic field), we are unable to find an analogous Carter-like constant. This further highlights the very special nature of the Kerr geometry of general relativity.
2011.01605
Hiroaki Tahara
Hiroaki W. H. Tahara, Tsutomu Kobayashi
Nanohertz gravitational waves from NEC violation in the early universe
11 pages, 8 figures
Phys. Rev. D 102, 123533 (2020)
10.1103/PhysRevD.102.123533
RUP-20-32
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study nanohertz gravitational waves relevant to pulsar timing array experiments from quantum fluctuations in the early universe with null energy condition (NEC) violation. The NEC violation admits accelerated expansion with the scale factor $a\propto (-t)^{-p}$ ($p>0$), which gives the tensor spectral index $n_t=2/(p+1)>0$. To evade the constraint from Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), we connect the NEC-violating phase to a subsequent short slow-roll inflationary phase which ends with standard reheating, and thereby reduce the high frequency part of the spectrum. An explicit model is constructed within the cubic Horndeski theory which allows for stable violation of the NEC. We present numerical examples of the background evolution having the different maximal Hubble parameters (which determine the peak amplitude of gravitational waves), the different inflationary Hubble parameters (which determine the amplitudes of high frequency gravitational waves), and different durations of the inflationary phase (which essentially determine the peak frequency of the spectrum). We display the spectra with $n_t=0.8$, $0.9$, and $0.95$ for $f\lesssim 1/{\rm yr}$, which are consistent with the recent NANOGrav result. We also check that they do not contradict the BBN constraint. We discuss how the nearly scale-invariant spectrum of curvature perturbations is produced in the NEC-violating phase.
[ { "created": "Tue, 3 Nov 2020 10:19:42 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 16 Dec 2020 07:21:35 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2021-01-04
[ [ "Tahara", "Hiroaki W. H.", "" ], [ "Kobayashi", "Tsutomu", "" ] ]
We study nanohertz gravitational waves relevant to pulsar timing array experiments from quantum fluctuations in the early universe with null energy condition (NEC) violation. The NEC violation admits accelerated expansion with the scale factor $a\propto (-t)^{-p}$ ($p>0$), which gives the tensor spectral index $n_t=2/(p+1)>0$. To evade the constraint from Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), we connect the NEC-violating phase to a subsequent short slow-roll inflationary phase which ends with standard reheating, and thereby reduce the high frequency part of the spectrum. An explicit model is constructed within the cubic Horndeski theory which allows for stable violation of the NEC. We present numerical examples of the background evolution having the different maximal Hubble parameters (which determine the peak amplitude of gravitational waves), the different inflationary Hubble parameters (which determine the amplitudes of high frequency gravitational waves), and different durations of the inflationary phase (which essentially determine the peak frequency of the spectrum). We display the spectra with $n_t=0.8$, $0.9$, and $0.95$ for $f\lesssim 1/{\rm yr}$, which are consistent with the recent NANOGrav result. We also check that they do not contradict the BBN constraint. We discuss how the nearly scale-invariant spectrum of curvature perturbations is produced in the NEC-violating phase.
1010.1031
Taylor Hughes
Andrew Randono and Taylor L. Hughes
Torsional Monopoles and Torqued Geometries in Gravity and Condensed Matter
4+epsilon, 1 figure
Phys.Rev.Lett.106:161102,2011
10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.161102
null
gr-qc cond-mat.other hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Torsional degrees of freedom play an important role in modern gravity theories as well as in condensed matter systems where they can be modeled by defects in solids. Here we isolate a class of torsion models that support torsion configurations with a localized, conserved charge that adopts integer values. The charge is topological in nature and the torsional configurations can be thought of as torsional `monopole' solutions. We explore some of the properties of these configurations in gravity models with non-vanishing curvature, and discuss the possible existence of such monopoles in condensed matter systems. To conclude, we show how the monopoles can be thought of as a natural generalization of the Cartan spiral staircase.
[ { "created": "Tue, 5 Oct 2010 21:57:07 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2012-06-15
[ [ "Randono", "Andrew", "" ], [ "Hughes", "Taylor L.", "" ] ]
Torsional degrees of freedom play an important role in modern gravity theories as well as in condensed matter systems where they can be modeled by defects in solids. Here we isolate a class of torsion models that support torsion configurations with a localized, conserved charge that adopts integer values. The charge is topological in nature and the torsional configurations can be thought of as torsional `monopole' solutions. We explore some of the properties of these configurations in gravity models with non-vanishing curvature, and discuss the possible existence of such monopoles in condensed matter systems. To conclude, we show how the monopoles can be thought of as a natural generalization of the Cartan spiral staircase.
2305.18537
Damianos Iosifidis
Damianos Iosifidis, Konstantinos Pallikaris
Biconnection Gravity as a Statistical Manifold
16 pages, no figures
null
null
null
gr-qc cs.IT hep-th math.IT
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
We formulate a bi-Connection Theory of Gravity whose Gravitational action consists of a recently defined mutual curvature scalar. Namely, we build a gravitational theory consisting of one metric and two affine connections, in a Metric-Affine Gravity setup. Consequently, coupling the two connections on an equal footing with matter, we show that the geometry of the resulting theory is, quite intriguingly, that of Statistical Manifold. This ultimately indicates a remarkable mathematical correspondence between Gravity and Information Geometry.
[ { "created": "Mon, 29 May 2023 18:09:06 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 22 Aug 2023 16:30:30 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2023-08-23
[ [ "Iosifidis", "Damianos", "" ], [ "Pallikaris", "Konstantinos", "" ] ]
We formulate a bi-Connection Theory of Gravity whose Gravitational action consists of a recently defined mutual curvature scalar. Namely, we build a gravitational theory consisting of one metric and two affine connections, in a Metric-Affine Gravity setup. Consequently, coupling the two connections on an equal footing with matter, we show that the geometry of the resulting theory is, quite intriguingly, that of Statistical Manifold. This ultimately indicates a remarkable mathematical correspondence between Gravity and Information Geometry.
1402.2848
Sergio Dain
Sergio Dain and Ivan Gentile de Austria
On the linear stability of the extreme Kerr black hole under axially symmetric perturbations
35 pages. 2 figures. Relevant improvement in the presentation in section 2.2
Class. Quantum Grav. 31 195009, 2014
10.1088/0264-9381/31/19/195009
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We prove that for axially symmetric linear gravitational perturbations of the extreme Kerr black hole there exists a positive definite and conserved energy. This provides a basic criteria for linear stability in axial symmetry. In the particular case of Minkowski, using this energy we also prove pointwise boundedness of the perturbation in a remarkable simple way.
[ { "created": "Wed, 12 Feb 2014 15:20:21 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 19 Sep 2014 13:40:28 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2014-09-22
[ [ "Dain", "Sergio", "" ], [ "de Austria", "Ivan Gentile", "" ] ]
We prove that for axially symmetric linear gravitational perturbations of the extreme Kerr black hole there exists a positive definite and conserved energy. This provides a basic criteria for linear stability in axial symmetry. In the particular case of Minkowski, using this energy we also prove pointwise boundedness of the perturbation in a remarkable simple way.
1911.04896
Haomin Rao
Haomin Rao, Dehao Zhao
Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld Gravity with Varying Cosmological Constant
7 pages, 8 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper we modify the EiBI model to realize a varying cosmological constant which is determined by matter distribution. We find that the Newton's constant is also variable and its change is related to the change of cosmological constant. And then we study its cosmological behavior. We find that the early universe will have different behaviors if we take different forms of pending functions. And we can avoid singularity in early universe just like the original EiBI model.
[ { "created": "Tue, 12 Nov 2019 14:39:01 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2019-11-13
[ [ "Rao", "Haomin", "" ], [ "Zhao", "Dehao", "" ] ]
In this paper we modify the EiBI model to realize a varying cosmological constant which is determined by matter distribution. We find that the Newton's constant is also variable and its change is related to the change of cosmological constant. And then we study its cosmological behavior. We find that the early universe will have different behaviors if we take different forms of pending functions. And we can avoid singularity in early universe just like the original EiBI model.
1308.4390
Alfonso Garc\'ia-Parrado G\'omez-Lobo Dr.
Alfonso Garc\'ia-Parrado G\'omez-Lobo
On the conservation of Superenergy and its applications
11 pages, 1 figure. Section 5 is new. Minor change in the title to take this into account (see abstract). To appear in "Classical and Quantum Gravity"
null
10.1088/0264-9381/31/13/135008
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this work we present a geometric identity involving the Bel-Robinson tensor which is formally similar to the Sparling identity (which involves the Einstein tensor through the Einstein 3-form). In our identity the Bel-Robinson tensor enters through the {\em Bel-Robinson 3-form} which, we believe, is introduced in the literature for the first time. The meaning of this identity is that it is possible to formulate a {\em generic} conservation law for the quantity represented by the Bel-Robinson tensor (superenergy). We also show how one can use the Bel-Robinson 3-form to estimate the components of the Bel-Robinson tensor which are computed with respect to the causal elements of a frame. This estimate could be useful in a global existence proof of the solutions of a theory of gravitation in dimension four.
[ { "created": "Tue, 20 Aug 2013 19:29:44 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 3 May 2014 17:27:42 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2015-06-16
[ [ "Gómez-Lobo", "Alfonso García-Parrado", "" ] ]
In this work we present a geometric identity involving the Bel-Robinson tensor which is formally similar to the Sparling identity (which involves the Einstein tensor through the Einstein 3-form). In our identity the Bel-Robinson tensor enters through the {\em Bel-Robinson 3-form} which, we believe, is introduced in the literature for the first time. The meaning of this identity is that it is possible to formulate a {\em generic} conservation law for the quantity represented by the Bel-Robinson tensor (superenergy). We also show how one can use the Bel-Robinson 3-form to estimate the components of the Bel-Robinson tensor which are computed with respect to the causal elements of a frame. This estimate could be useful in a global existence proof of the solutions of a theory of gravitation in dimension four.
gr-qc/9801040
Manoelito Martins de Souza
Manoelito M. de Souza and Robson N. Silveira
Discrete and finite Genral Relativity
Modified conform the version to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Class.Quant.Grav. 16 (1999) 619-630
10.1088/0264-9381/16/2/023
UFES-DF-MMS-98/1
gr-qc hep-ph hep-th
null
We develop the General Theory of Relativity in a formalism with extended causality that describes physical interaction through discrete, transversal and localized pointlike fields. The homogeneous field equations are then solved for a finite, singularity-free, point-like field that we associate to a ``classical graviton". The standard Einstein's continuous formalism is retrieved by means of an averaging process, and its continuous solutions are determined by the chosen imposed symetry. The Schwarzschild metric is obtained by the imposition of spherical symmetry on the averaged field.
[ { "created": "Tue, 13 Jan 1998 01:07:23 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 5 Feb 1998 21:33:13 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 24 Nov 1998 20:39:35 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2009-10-31
[ [ "de Souza", "Manoelito M.", "" ], [ "Silveira", "Robson N.", "" ] ]
We develop the General Theory of Relativity in a formalism with extended causality that describes physical interaction through discrete, transversal and localized pointlike fields. The homogeneous field equations are then solved for a finite, singularity-free, point-like field that we associate to a ``classical graviton". The standard Einstein's continuous formalism is retrieved by means of an averaging process, and its continuous solutions are determined by the chosen imposed symetry. The Schwarzschild metric is obtained by the imposition of spherical symmetry on the averaged field.
gr-qc/0701078
Jia-Rui Sun
Chao-Guang Huang and Jia-Rui Sun
Thermodynamic Properties of Spherically-Symmetric, Uniformly-Accelerated Reference Frames
8 pages
Commun.Theor.Phys.49:928-932,2008
10.1088/0253-6102/49/4/26
null
gr-qc
null
We aim to study the thermodynamic properties of the spherically symmetric reference frames with uniform acceleration, including the spherically symmetric generalization of Rindler reference frame and the new kind of uniformly accelerated reference frame. We find that, unlike the general studies about the horizon thermodynamics, one cannot obtain the laws of thermodynamics for their horizons in the usual approaches, despite that one can formally define an area entropy (Bekenstein-Hawking entropy). In fact, the common horizon for a set of uniformly accelerated observers is not always exist, even though the Hawking-Unruh temperature is still well-defined. This result indicates that the Hawking-Unruh temperature is only a kinematic effect, to gain the laws of thermodynamics for the horizon, one needs the help of dynamics. Our result is in accordance with those from the various studies about the acoustic black holes.
[ { "created": "Mon, 15 Jan 2007 12:19:41 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Huang", "Chao-Guang", "" ], [ "Sun", "Jia-Rui", "" ] ]
We aim to study the thermodynamic properties of the spherically symmetric reference frames with uniform acceleration, including the spherically symmetric generalization of Rindler reference frame and the new kind of uniformly accelerated reference frame. We find that, unlike the general studies about the horizon thermodynamics, one cannot obtain the laws of thermodynamics for their horizons in the usual approaches, despite that one can formally define an area entropy (Bekenstein-Hawking entropy). In fact, the common horizon for a set of uniformly accelerated observers is not always exist, even though the Hawking-Unruh temperature is still well-defined. This result indicates that the Hawking-Unruh temperature is only a kinematic effect, to gain the laws of thermodynamics for the horizon, one needs the help of dynamics. Our result is in accordance with those from the various studies about the acoustic black holes.
0704.3963
Andreas Mueller
Andreas Mueller and Bernd Aschenbach
Non-monotonic orbital velocity profiles around rapidly rotating Kerr-(anti-)de Sitter black holes
9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for Class. Quant. Grav
Class.Quant.Grav.24:2637-2644,2007
10.1088/0264-9381/24/10/009
null
gr-qc astro-ph
null
It has been recently demonstrated that the orbital velocity profile around Kerr black holes in the equatorial plane as observed in the locally non-rotating frame exhibits a non-monotonic radial behaviour. We show here that this unexpected minimum-maximum feature of the orbital velocity remains if the Kerr vacuum is generalized to the Kerr-de Sitter or Kerr-anti-de Sitter metric. This is a new general relativity effect in Kerr spacetimes with non-vanishing cosmological constant. Assuming that the profile of the orbital velocity is known, this effect constrains the spacetime parameters.
[ { "created": "Mon, 30 Apr 2007 15:32:14 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Mueller", "Andreas", "" ], [ "Aschenbach", "Bernd", "" ] ]
It has been recently demonstrated that the orbital velocity profile around Kerr black holes in the equatorial plane as observed in the locally non-rotating frame exhibits a non-monotonic radial behaviour. We show here that this unexpected minimum-maximum feature of the orbital velocity remains if the Kerr vacuum is generalized to the Kerr-de Sitter or Kerr-anti-de Sitter metric. This is a new general relativity effect in Kerr spacetimes with non-vanishing cosmological constant. Assuming that the profile of the orbital velocity is known, this effect constrains the spacetime parameters.
gr-qc/0604086
Luca Lusanna
David Alba (Firenze Univ.) and Luca Lusanna (INFN, Firenze)
The York map as a Shanmugadhasan canonical transformation in tetrad gravity and the role of non-inertial frames in the geometrical view of the gravitational field
90 pages
Gen.Rel.Grav.39:2149-2203,2007
10.1007/s10714-007-0507-2
null
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
null
A new parametrization of the 3-metric allows to find explicitly a York map in canonical ADM tetrad gravity, the two pairs of physical tidal degrees of freedom and 14 gauge variables. These gauge quantities (generalized inertial effects) are all configurational except the trace ${}^3K(\tau ,\vec \sigma)$ of the extrinsic curvature of the instantaneous 3-spaces $\Sigma_{\tau}$ (clock synchronization convention) of a non-inertial frame. The Dirac hamiltonian is the sum of the weak ADM energy $E_{ADM} = \int d^3\sigma {\cal E}_{ADM}(\tau ,\vec \sigma)$ (whose density is coordinate-dependent due to the inertial potentials) and of the first-class constraints. Then: i) The explicit form of the Hamilton equations for the two tidal degrees of freedom in an arbitrary gauge: a deterministic evolution can be defined only in a completely fixed gauge, i.e. in a non-inertial frame with its pattern of inertial forces. ii) A general solution of the super-momentum constraints, which shows the existence of a generalized Gribov ambiguity associated to the 3-diffeomorphism gauge group. It influences: a) the explicit form of the weak ADM energy and of the super-momentum constraint; b) the determination of the shift functions and then of the lapse one. iii) The dependence of the Hamilton equations for the two pairs of dynamical gravitational degrees of freedom (the generalized tidal effects) and for the matter, written in a completely fixed 3-orthogonal Schwinger time gauge, upon the gauge variable ${}^3K(\tau ,\vec \sigma)$, determining the convention of clock synchronization. Therefore it should be possible (for instance in the weak field limit but with relativistic motion) to try to check whether in Einstein's theory the {\it dark matter} is a gauge relativistic inertial effect induced by ${}^3K(\tau ,\vec \sigma)$.
[ { "created": "Thu, 20 Apr 2006 10:40:28 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 3 Aug 2007 10:40:45 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Alba", "David", "", "Firenze Univ." ], [ "Lusanna", "Luca", "", "INFN, Firenze" ] ]
A new parametrization of the 3-metric allows to find explicitly a York map in canonical ADM tetrad gravity, the two pairs of physical tidal degrees of freedom and 14 gauge variables. These gauge quantities (generalized inertial effects) are all configurational except the trace ${}^3K(\tau ,\vec \sigma)$ of the extrinsic curvature of the instantaneous 3-spaces $\Sigma_{\tau}$ (clock synchronization convention) of a non-inertial frame. The Dirac hamiltonian is the sum of the weak ADM energy $E_{ADM} = \int d^3\sigma {\cal E}_{ADM}(\tau ,\vec \sigma)$ (whose density is coordinate-dependent due to the inertial potentials) and of the first-class constraints. Then: i) The explicit form of the Hamilton equations for the two tidal degrees of freedom in an arbitrary gauge: a deterministic evolution can be defined only in a completely fixed gauge, i.e. in a non-inertial frame with its pattern of inertial forces. ii) A general solution of the super-momentum constraints, which shows the existence of a generalized Gribov ambiguity associated to the 3-diffeomorphism gauge group. It influences: a) the explicit form of the weak ADM energy and of the super-momentum constraint; b) the determination of the shift functions and then of the lapse one. iii) The dependence of the Hamilton equations for the two pairs of dynamical gravitational degrees of freedom (the generalized tidal effects) and for the matter, written in a completely fixed 3-orthogonal Schwinger time gauge, upon the gauge variable ${}^3K(\tau ,\vec \sigma)$, determining the convention of clock synchronization. Therefore it should be possible (for instance in the weak field limit but with relativistic motion) to try to check whether in Einstein's theory the {\it dark matter} is a gauge relativistic inertial effect induced by ${}^3K(\tau ,\vec \sigma)$.
2009.12306
Zbigniew Haba
Z. Haba
State-dependent graviton noise in the equation of geodesic deviation
11 pages
Eur.Phys.J.C81,40(2021)
10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08805-y
null
gr-qc hep-th math-ph math.MP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We consider an equation of the geodesic deviation appearing in the problem of gravitational wave detection in an environment of gravitons. We investigate a state-dependent graviton noise (as discussed in a recent paper of Parikh,Wilczek and Zahariade) from the point of view of the Feynman integral and stochastic differential equations. The evolution of the density matrix and the transition probability in an environment of gravitons is obtained. We express the time evolution by a solution of a stochastic geodesic deviation equation with a noise dependent on the quantum state of the gravitational field.
[ { "created": "Fri, 25 Sep 2020 15:59:20 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 3 Nov 2020 18:57:13 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 18 Jan 2021 12:47:17 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2021-01-19
[ [ "Haba", "Z.", "" ] ]
We consider an equation of the geodesic deviation appearing in the problem of gravitational wave detection in an environment of gravitons. We investigate a state-dependent graviton noise (as discussed in a recent paper of Parikh,Wilczek and Zahariade) from the point of view of the Feynman integral and stochastic differential equations. The evolution of the density matrix and the transition probability in an environment of gravitons is obtained. We express the time evolution by a solution of a stochastic geodesic deviation equation with a noise dependent on the quantum state of the gravitational field.
2109.10663
Fabio M. Mele
Fabio M. Mele, Johannes M\"unch
The Physical Relevance of the Fiducial Cell in Loop Quantum Cosmology
Published version, 13 pages (REVTeX format), 1 figure. Minor clarifications added
Phys. Rev. D 108, 106004 (2023)
10.1103/PhysRevD.108.106004
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
A common way to avoid divergent integrals in homogeneous spatially non-compact gravitational systems is to introduce a fiducial cell by cutting-off the spatial slice at a finite region $V_o$. This is usually considered as an auxiliary regulator to be removed after computations by sending $V_o\to\infty$. In this paper, we analyse the dependence of the classical and quantum theory of homogeneous, isotropic and spatially flat cosmology on $V_o$. We show that each fixed $V_o$ regularisation leads to a different canonically independent theory. At the classical level, the dynamics of observables is not affected by the regularisation on-shell. For the quantum theory, however, this leads to a family of regulator dependent quantum representations and the limit $V_o\to\infty$ becomes then more subtle. First, we construct a novel isomorphism between different $V_o$-regularisations, which allows us to identify states in the different $V_o$-labelled Hilbert spaces to ensure equivalent dynamics for any value of $V_o$. The $V_o\to\infty$ limit would then correspond to choosing a state for which the volume assigned to the fiducial cell becomes infinite as appropriate in the late-time regime. As second main result of our analysis, quantum fluctuations of observables smeared over subregions $V\subset V_o$, unlike those smeared over the full $V_o$, explicitly depend on the size of the fiducial cell through the ratio $V/V_o$ interpreted as the (inverse) number of subcells $V$ homogeneously patched together into $V_o$. Physically relevant fluctuations for a finite region, as e.g. in the early-time regime, which would be unreasonably suppressed in a na\"ive $V_o\to\infty$ limit, become appreciable at small volumes. Our results suggest that the fiducial cell is not playing the role of a mere regularisation but is physically relevant at the quantum level and complement previous statements in the literature.
[ { "created": "Wed, 22 Sep 2021 11:41:34 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 12 Dec 2023 19:00:02 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2024-01-25
[ [ "Mele", "Fabio M.", "" ], [ "Münch", "Johannes", "" ] ]
A common way to avoid divergent integrals in homogeneous spatially non-compact gravitational systems is to introduce a fiducial cell by cutting-off the spatial slice at a finite region $V_o$. This is usually considered as an auxiliary regulator to be removed after computations by sending $V_o\to\infty$. In this paper, we analyse the dependence of the classical and quantum theory of homogeneous, isotropic and spatially flat cosmology on $V_o$. We show that each fixed $V_o$ regularisation leads to a different canonically independent theory. At the classical level, the dynamics of observables is not affected by the regularisation on-shell. For the quantum theory, however, this leads to a family of regulator dependent quantum representations and the limit $V_o\to\infty$ becomes then more subtle. First, we construct a novel isomorphism between different $V_o$-regularisations, which allows us to identify states in the different $V_o$-labelled Hilbert spaces to ensure equivalent dynamics for any value of $V_o$. The $V_o\to\infty$ limit would then correspond to choosing a state for which the volume assigned to the fiducial cell becomes infinite as appropriate in the late-time regime. As second main result of our analysis, quantum fluctuations of observables smeared over subregions $V\subset V_o$, unlike those smeared over the full $V_o$, explicitly depend on the size of the fiducial cell through the ratio $V/V_o$ interpreted as the (inverse) number of subcells $V$ homogeneously patched together into $V_o$. Physically relevant fluctuations for a finite region, as e.g. in the early-time regime, which would be unreasonably suppressed in a na\"ive $V_o\to\infty$ limit, become appreciable at small volumes. Our results suggest that the fiducial cell is not playing the role of a mere regularisation but is physically relevant at the quantum level and complement previous statements in the literature.
1905.01618
Hai-Qing Zhang
Xiao-Xiong Zeng and Hai-Qing Zhang
Thermodynamics and weak cosmic censorship conjecture in the Kerr-AdS black hole
21 pages, 2 figures; References added; Version compatible with NPB
Nucl.Phys.B 959 (2020) 115162
10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2020.115162
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We investigate the laws of thermodynamics and weak cosmic censorship conjecture in the normal and extended phase space of a Kerr-AdS black hole by analyzing the energy-momentum relation of the absorbed fermion dropping into the horizon. In the normal phase space, the first law, second law as well as the weak cosmic censorship conjecture are found to be valid in all the initial states of the black hole. However, in the extended phase space, although the first law and weak cosmic censorship conjecture are still valid, the second law becomes more subtle. We find that the validity or violation of the second law depends on the spin parameter, the radius of the AdS spacetime, and their variations. In addition, in the extended phase space, the configurations of the extremal and near-extremal Kerr-AdS black holes are unchanged as the fermions are absorbed since the final and initial states are the same.
[ { "created": "Sun, 5 May 2019 06:36:04 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 26 Sep 2020 11:20:32 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2020-09-29
[ [ "Zeng", "Xiao-Xiong", "" ], [ "Zhang", "Hai-Qing", "" ] ]
We investigate the laws of thermodynamics and weak cosmic censorship conjecture in the normal and extended phase space of a Kerr-AdS black hole by analyzing the energy-momentum relation of the absorbed fermion dropping into the horizon. In the normal phase space, the first law, second law as well as the weak cosmic censorship conjecture are found to be valid in all the initial states of the black hole. However, in the extended phase space, although the first law and weak cosmic censorship conjecture are still valid, the second law becomes more subtle. We find that the validity or violation of the second law depends on the spin parameter, the radius of the AdS spacetime, and their variations. In addition, in the extended phase space, the configurations of the extremal and near-extremal Kerr-AdS black holes are unchanged as the fermions are absorbed since the final and initial states are the same.
0804.3827
Zhong Chao Wu
Zhong Chao Wu
Inverse Temperature 4-vector in Special Relativity
11 pages, revised version
Europhys.Lett.88:20005,2009
10.1209/0295-5075/88/20005
ZJUT-0803
gr-qc astro-ph cond-mat.stat-mech
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
There exist several prescriptions for identifying the notion of temperature in special relativity. We argue that the inverse temperature 4-vector $\bf \beta$ is the only viable option from the laws of thermodynamics, and $\bf \beta$ is a future-directed timelike 4-vector. Using a superfluidity thought experiment, one can show that $\bf \beta$ is not necessarily along the time direction of the comoving frame of the system, as is usually thought. It is conjectured that, for an isolated system, the 4-vector is determined from the entropy-maximum principle.
[ { "created": "Thu, 24 Apr 2008 19:54:48 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 25 Apr 2008 16:03:28 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Thu, 26 Mar 2009 20:27:09 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Wed, 11 Nov 2009 22:11:32 GMT", "version": "v4" } ]
2009-11-12
[ [ "Wu", "Zhong Chao", "" ] ]
There exist several prescriptions for identifying the notion of temperature in special relativity. We argue that the inverse temperature 4-vector $\bf \beta$ is the only viable option from the laws of thermodynamics, and $\bf \beta$ is a future-directed timelike 4-vector. Using a superfluidity thought experiment, one can show that $\bf \beta$ is not necessarily along the time direction of the comoving frame of the system, as is usually thought. It is conjectured that, for an isolated system, the 4-vector is determined from the entropy-maximum principle.
2406.11719
Moreshwar Tayde
Moreshwar Tayde, P.K. Sahoo
Exploring wormhole solutions with global monopole charge in the context of $f(Q)$ gravity
EPJ C published version
Eur. Phys. J. C 84 (2024) 643
10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13002-2
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This study explores the potential existence of traversable wormholes influenced by a global monopole charge within the $f(Q)$ gravity framework. To elucidate the characteristics of these wormholes, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of wormhole solutions employing three different forms of redshift function under a linear $f(Q)$ model. Wormhole shape functions were derived for barotropic, anisotropic, and isotropic Equations of State (EoS) cases. However, in the isotropic EoS case, the calculated shape function failed to satisfy the asymptotic flatness condition. Additionally, we observed that our obtained shape functions adhered to the flaring-out conditions under an asymptotic background for the remaining EoS cases. Furthermore, we examined the energy conditions at the wormhole throat with a radius $r_0$. We noted the influences of the global monopole's parameter $\eta$, the EoS parameter $\omega$, and $n$ in violating energy conditions, particularly the null energy conditions. Finally, we conducted a stability analysis utilizing the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov (TOV) equation and found that our obtained wormhole solution is stable.
[ { "created": "Mon, 17 Jun 2024 16:38:10 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2024-06-26
[ [ "Tayde", "Moreshwar", "" ], [ "Sahoo", "P. K.", "" ] ]
This study explores the potential existence of traversable wormholes influenced by a global monopole charge within the $f(Q)$ gravity framework. To elucidate the characteristics of these wormholes, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of wormhole solutions employing three different forms of redshift function under a linear $f(Q)$ model. Wormhole shape functions were derived for barotropic, anisotropic, and isotropic Equations of State (EoS) cases. However, in the isotropic EoS case, the calculated shape function failed to satisfy the asymptotic flatness condition. Additionally, we observed that our obtained shape functions adhered to the flaring-out conditions under an asymptotic background for the remaining EoS cases. Furthermore, we examined the energy conditions at the wormhole throat with a radius $r_0$. We noted the influences of the global monopole's parameter $\eta$, the EoS parameter $\omega$, and $n$ in violating energy conditions, particularly the null energy conditions. Finally, we conducted a stability analysis utilizing the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov (TOV) equation and found that our obtained wormhole solution is stable.
1212.4921
Jun Wang
Jun Wang, Ya-Bo Wu, Yong-Xin Guo, Wei-Qiang Yang, Lei Wang
Energy Conditions and Stability in generalized $f(R)$ gravity with arbitrary coupling between matter and geometry
12 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1203.5593, arXiv:1212.4656
Phys. Lett. B 689 (2010) 133-138
10.1016/j.physletb.2010.04.063
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The energy conditions and the Dolgov-Kawasaki criterion in generalized $f(R)$ gravity with arbitrary coupling between matter and geometry are derived in this paper, which are quite general and can degenerate to the well-known energy conditions in GR and $f(R)$ gravity with non-minimal coupling and non-coupling as special cases. In order to get some insight on the meaning of these energy conditions and the Dolgov- Kawasaki criterion, we apply them to a class of models in the FRW cosmology and give some corresponding results.
[ { "created": "Thu, 20 Dec 2012 04:44:17 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-12
[ [ "Wang", "Jun", "" ], [ "Wu", "Ya-Bo", "" ], [ "Guo", "Yong-Xin", "" ], [ "Yang", "Wei-Qiang", "" ], [ "Wang", "Lei", "" ] ]
The energy conditions and the Dolgov-Kawasaki criterion in generalized $f(R)$ gravity with arbitrary coupling between matter and geometry are derived in this paper, which are quite general and can degenerate to the well-known energy conditions in GR and $f(R)$ gravity with non-minimal coupling and non-coupling as special cases. In order to get some insight on the meaning of these energy conditions and the Dolgov- Kawasaki criterion, we apply them to a class of models in the FRW cosmology and give some corresponding results.
1205.1108
Sergei Rubin
A. A. Kirillov, A. A. Korotkevich and S.G. Rubin
Emergence of symmetries
9 pages
Physics Letters B 718 (2012) 237-240
10.1016/j.physletb.2012.10.044
PLB28961
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The mechanism of symmetry formation is discussed in the framework of multidimensional gravity. It is shown that this process is strictly connected to the entropy decrease of compact space. The existence of low energy symmetries is not postulated from the beginning. They could be absent during the inflationary stage under certain conditions discussed in the paper.
[ { "created": "Sat, 5 May 2012 06:55:41 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 18 Aug 2012 20:33:09 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 16 Oct 2012 13:12:56 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2012-11-22
[ [ "Kirillov", "A. A.", "" ], [ "Korotkevich", "A. A.", "" ], [ "Rubin", "S. G.", "" ] ]
The mechanism of symmetry formation is discussed in the framework of multidimensional gravity. It is shown that this process is strictly connected to the entropy decrease of compact space. The existence of low energy symmetries is not postulated from the beginning. They could be absent during the inflationary stage under certain conditions discussed in the paper.
gr-qc/0310068
Daniel Grumiller
D. Grumiller, W. Kummer
How to approach Quantum Gravity - Background independence in 1+1 dimensions
15 pages, 1 (eps-)figure, joint proceedings contribution to the EURESCO conference "What comes beyond the Standard Model?" in Portoroz, Slovenia, July 2003, v2: added and rearranged references, minor modifications of text
null
null
ESI 1388, TUW-03-28
gr-qc hep-th
null
The application of quantum theory to gravity is beset with many technical and conceptual problems. After a short tour d'horizon of recent attempts to master those problems by the introduction of new approaches, we show that the aim, a background independent quantum theory of gravity, can be reached in a particular area, 2d dilaton quantum gravity, without any assumptions beyond standard quantum field theory.
[ { "created": "Tue, 14 Oct 2003 10:01:40 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 17 Oct 2003 11:49:32 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Grumiller", "D.", "" ], [ "Kummer", "W.", "" ] ]
The application of quantum theory to gravity is beset with many technical and conceptual problems. After a short tour d'horizon of recent attempts to master those problems by the introduction of new approaches, we show that the aim, a background independent quantum theory of gravity, can be reached in a particular area, 2d dilaton quantum gravity, without any assumptions beyond standard quantum field theory.
2311.09159
Sudarshan Ghonge
Sudarshan Ghonge, Joshua Brandt, J. M. Sullivan, Margaret Millhouse, Katerina Chatziioannou, James A. Clark, Tyson Littenberg, Neil Cornish, Sophie Hourihane, and Laura Cadonati
Characterizing the efficacy of methods to subtract terrestrial transient noise near gravitational wave events and the effects on parameter estimation
22 pages, 17 figures
null
null
LIGO Document P2300385-v2
gr-qc astro-ph.IM
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We investigate the impact of transient noise artifacts, or {\it glitches}, on gravitational wave inference, and the efficacy of data cleaning procedures in recovering unbiased source properties. Due to their time-frequency morphology, broadband glitches demonstrate moderate to significant biasing of posterior distributions away from true values. In contrast, narrowband glitches have negligible biasing effects owing to distinct signal and glitch morphologies. We inject simulated binary black hole signals into data containing three common glitch types from past LIGO-Virgo observing runs, and reconstruct both signal and glitch waveforms using {\tt BayesWave}, a wavelet-based Bayesian analysis. We apply the standard LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA deglitching procedure to the detector data - we subtract the glitch waveform estimated by the joint {\tt BayesWave} inference before performing parameter estimation with detailed compact binary waveform models. We find that this deglitching effectively mitigates bias from broadband glitches, with posterior peaks aligning with true values post deglitching. This provides a baseline validation of existing techniques, while demonstrating waveform reconstruction improvements to the Bayesian algorithm for robust astrophysical characterization in glitch-prone detector data.
[ { "created": "Wed, 15 Nov 2023 17:56:42 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2023-11-16
[ [ "Ghonge", "Sudarshan", "" ], [ "Brandt", "Joshua", "" ], [ "Sullivan", "J. M.", "" ], [ "Millhouse", "Margaret", "" ], [ "Chatziioannou", "Katerina", "" ], [ "Clark", "James A.", "" ], [ "Littenberg", "Tyson", "" ], [ "Cornish", "Neil", "" ], [ "Hourihane", "Sophie", "" ], [ "Cadonati", "Laura", "" ] ]
We investigate the impact of transient noise artifacts, or {\it glitches}, on gravitational wave inference, and the efficacy of data cleaning procedures in recovering unbiased source properties. Due to their time-frequency morphology, broadband glitches demonstrate moderate to significant biasing of posterior distributions away from true values. In contrast, narrowband glitches have negligible biasing effects owing to distinct signal and glitch morphologies. We inject simulated binary black hole signals into data containing three common glitch types from past LIGO-Virgo observing runs, and reconstruct both signal and glitch waveforms using {\tt BayesWave}, a wavelet-based Bayesian analysis. We apply the standard LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA deglitching procedure to the detector data - we subtract the glitch waveform estimated by the joint {\tt BayesWave} inference before performing parameter estimation with detailed compact binary waveform models. We find that this deglitching effectively mitigates bias from broadband glitches, with posterior peaks aligning with true values post deglitching. This provides a baseline validation of existing techniques, while demonstrating waveform reconstruction improvements to the Bayesian algorithm for robust astrophysical characterization in glitch-prone detector data.