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2405.20615
James Ripple
James Ripple and Anish Agashe
The Tolman VII Space-time in the Presence of a Charge and a Cosmological Constant
Comments are welcome
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Tolman VII space-time is one of the few physically acceptable exact solutions in general relativity. In this paper, we derive a generalised Tolman VII solution which includes a charge and a cosmological constant. We analyse the spatial geometry of the solution and present conditions for zero and non-zero spatial curvature. We show that for a particular value of the boundary, the Tolman VII space-time can be matched to the charged Nariai space-time. This represents a new class of solutions interior to Nariai. Matching with the Reissner-Nordstr\"om-de Sitter space-time, we derive analytic expressions for the metric functions and the pressure. Using this, we show that the solution allows for trapped null geodesics for a broad range of values for the charge and the cosmological constant. We investigate a few physical properties and derive an equation of state for the fluid. Performing numerical fitting, we show that the fluid can be considered a polytrope with, $\Gamma \sim 2.4$. Finally, we analyse the energy conditions and conclude that the solution follows the basic physical acceptability criteria.
[ { "created": "Fri, 31 May 2024 04:07:25 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2024-06-03
[ [ "Ripple", "James", "" ], [ "Agashe", "Anish", "" ] ]
The Tolman VII space-time is one of the few physically acceptable exact solutions in general relativity. In this paper, we derive a generalised Tolman VII solution which includes a charge and a cosmological constant. We analyse the spatial geometry of the solution and present conditions for zero and non-zero spatial curvature. We show that for a particular value of the boundary, the Tolman VII space-time can be matched to the charged Nariai space-time. This represents a new class of solutions interior to Nariai. Matching with the Reissner-Nordstr\"om-de Sitter space-time, we derive analytic expressions for the metric functions and the pressure. Using this, we show that the solution allows for trapped null geodesics for a broad range of values for the charge and the cosmological constant. We investigate a few physical properties and derive an equation of state for the fluid. Performing numerical fitting, we show that the fluid can be considered a polytrope with, $\Gamma \sim 2.4$. Finally, we analyse the energy conditions and conclude that the solution follows the basic physical acceptability criteria.
0809.3730
Slava G. Turyshev
Slava G. Turyshev
Experimental Tests of General Relativity: Recent Progress and Future Directions
revtex4, 36 pages, 10 figures, 344 refs
Usp.Fiz.Nauk 179 (2009) 3-34 [Phys.Usp. 52 (2009) 1-27]
10.3367/UFNe.0179.200901a.0003
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Einstein's general theory of relativity is the standard theory of gravity, especially where the needs of astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics are concerned. As such, this theory is used for many practical purposes involving spacecraft navigation, geodesy and time transfer. Here I review the foundations of general relativity, discuss recent progress in the tests of relativistic gravity, and present motivations for the new generation of high-accuracy tests of new physics beyond general relativity. Space-based experiments in fundamental physics are capable today to uniquely address important questions related to the fundamental laws of nature. I discuss the advances in our understanding of fundamental physics that are anticipated in the near future and evaluate the discovery potential of a number of the recently proposed space-based gravitational experiments.
[ { "created": "Mon, 22 Sep 2008 15:50:01 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sun, 18 Jan 2009 08:39:59 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2013-01-15
[ [ "Turyshev", "Slava G.", "" ] ]
Einstein's general theory of relativity is the standard theory of gravity, especially where the needs of astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics are concerned. As such, this theory is used for many practical purposes involving spacecraft navigation, geodesy and time transfer. Here I review the foundations of general relativity, discuss recent progress in the tests of relativistic gravity, and present motivations for the new generation of high-accuracy tests of new physics beyond general relativity. Space-based experiments in fundamental physics are capable today to uniquely address important questions related to the fundamental laws of nature. I discuss the advances in our understanding of fundamental physics that are anticipated in the near future and evaluate the discovery potential of a number of the recently proposed space-based gravitational experiments.
1608.07473
Francesco Di Filippo
Carlos Barcel\'o, Ra\'ul Carballo-Rubio, Francesco Di Filippo, and Luis J. Garay
From physical symmetries to emergent gauge symmetries
null
JHEP 1610 (2016) 084
10.1007/JHEP10(2016)084
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Gauge symmetries indicate redundancies in the description of the relevant degrees of freedom of a given field theory and restrict the nature of observable quantities. One of the problems faced by emergent theories of relativistic fields is to understand how gauge symmetries can show up in systems that contain no trace of these symmetries at a more fundamental level. In this paper we start a systematic study aimed to establish a satisfactory mathematical and physical picture of this issue, dealing first with abelian field theories. We discuss how the trivialization, due to the decoupling and lack of excitation of some degrees of freedom, of the Noether currents associated with physical symmetries leads to emergent gauge symmetries in specific situations. An example of a relativistic field theory of a vector field is worked out in detail in order to make explicit how this mechanism works and to clarify the physics behind it. The interplay of these ideas with well-known results of importance to the emergent gravity program, such as the Weinberg-Witten theorem, are discussed.
[ { "created": "Fri, 26 Aug 2016 14:32:21 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2018-02-08
[ [ "Barceló", "Carlos", "" ], [ "Carballo-Rubio", "Raúl", "" ], [ "Di Filippo", "Francesco", "" ], [ "Garay", "Luis J.", "" ] ]
Gauge symmetries indicate redundancies in the description of the relevant degrees of freedom of a given field theory and restrict the nature of observable quantities. One of the problems faced by emergent theories of relativistic fields is to understand how gauge symmetries can show up in systems that contain no trace of these symmetries at a more fundamental level. In this paper we start a systematic study aimed to establish a satisfactory mathematical and physical picture of this issue, dealing first with abelian field theories. We discuss how the trivialization, due to the decoupling and lack of excitation of some degrees of freedom, of the Noether currents associated with physical symmetries leads to emergent gauge symmetries in specific situations. An example of a relativistic field theory of a vector field is worked out in detail in order to make explicit how this mechanism works and to clarify the physics behind it. The interplay of these ideas with well-known results of importance to the emergent gravity program, such as the Weinberg-Witten theorem, are discussed.
1608.05860
Gregory Eskin
Gregory Eskin
Hawking radiation from acoustic black holes in two space dimensions
Final version to be published in the Journal of Math. Physics
Journal of Math. Physics, vol. 59, 072502 (2018)
null
null
gr-qc math-ph math.AP math.MP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the Hawking radiation for the acoustic black hole. In the beginning we follow the outline of T.Jacobson but then we use a different $2+1$ vacuum state similar to the vacuum state constructed by W.Unruh. We also use a special form of the wave packets. The focus of the paper is to treat the 2 dimensional case, in particular, the case when the radial and angular velocity are variable.
[ { "created": "Sat, 20 Aug 2016 18:32:46 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sun, 25 Sep 2016 06:47:08 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 16 Jan 2017 07:55:05 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Mon, 12 Jun 2017 01:09:10 GMT", "version": "v4" }, { "created": "Sun, 15 Jul 2018 19:40:57 GMT", "version": "v5" } ]
2018-07-17
[ [ "Eskin", "Gregory", "" ] ]
We study the Hawking radiation for the acoustic black hole. In the beginning we follow the outline of T.Jacobson but then we use a different $2+1$ vacuum state similar to the vacuum state constructed by W.Unruh. We also use a special form of the wave packets. The focus of the paper is to treat the 2 dimensional case, in particular, the case when the radial and angular velocity are variable.
1909.12773
Alireza Talebian Ashkezari
Alireza Talebian, Amin Nassiri-Rad, Hassan Firouzjahi
Stochastic Effects in Anisotropic Inflation
null
Phys. Rev. D 101, 023524 (2020)
10.1103/PhysRevD.101.023524
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We revisit the stochastic effects in the model of anisotropic inflation containing a $U(1)$ gauge field. We obtain the Langevin equations for the inflaton and gauge fields perturbations and solve them analytically. We show that if the initial value of the electric field is larger than its classical attractor value, then the random stochastic forces associated with the gauge field is balanced by the frictional damping (classical) force and the electric field falls into an equilibrium (stationary) regime. As a result, the classical attractor value of the electric field is replaced by its stationary value. We show that the probability of generating quadrupolar statistical anisotropy consistent with CMB constraints can be significant.
[ { "created": "Wed, 25 Sep 2019 11:29:01 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2020-02-05
[ [ "Talebian", "Alireza", "" ], [ "Nassiri-Rad", "Amin", "" ], [ "Firouzjahi", "Hassan", "" ] ]
We revisit the stochastic effects in the model of anisotropic inflation containing a $U(1)$ gauge field. We obtain the Langevin equations for the inflaton and gauge fields perturbations and solve them analytically. We show that if the initial value of the electric field is larger than its classical attractor value, then the random stochastic forces associated with the gauge field is balanced by the frictional damping (classical) force and the electric field falls into an equilibrium (stationary) regime. As a result, the classical attractor value of the electric field is replaced by its stationary value. We show that the probability of generating quadrupolar statistical anisotropy consistent with CMB constraints can be significant.
1205.4640
Cosimo Bambi
Cosimo Bambi
A note on the observational evidence for the existence of event horizons in astrophysical black hole candidates
4 pages, no figures. v2: some typos corrected
The Scientific World Journal 2013:204315,2013
10.1155/2013/204315
LMU-ASC-34-12
gr-qc astro-ph.HE
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Black holes have the peculiar and intriguing property of having an event horizon, a one-way membrane causally separating their internal region from the rest of the Universe. Today astrophysical observations provide some evidence for the existence of event horizons in astrophysical black hole candidates. In this short paper, I compare the constraint we can infer from the non-observation of electromagnetic radiation from the putative surface of these objects with the bound coming from the ergoregion instability, pointing out the respective assumptions and limitations.
[ { "created": "Mon, 21 May 2012 15:36:31 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 15 Jun 2013 11:11:33 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2013-09-10
[ [ "Bambi", "Cosimo", "" ] ]
Black holes have the peculiar and intriguing property of having an event horizon, a one-way membrane causally separating their internal region from the rest of the Universe. Today astrophysical observations provide some evidence for the existence of event horizons in astrophysical black hole candidates. In this short paper, I compare the constraint we can infer from the non-observation of electromagnetic radiation from the putative surface of these objects with the bound coming from the ergoregion instability, pointing out the respective assumptions and limitations.
1210.2589
Maqbool Ahmed
Maqbool Ahmed, Rafael Sorkin
Everpresent Lambda - II: Structural Stability
15 pages, 6 figures, Thoroughly rewritten
null
10.1103/PhysRevD.87.063515
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Ideas from causal set theory lead to a fluctuating, time dependent cosmological-constant of the right order of magnitude to match currently quoted "dark energy" values. Although such a term was predicted some time ago, a more detailed analysis of the resulting class of phenomenological models was begun only recently (based on numerical simulation of the cosmological equations with such a fluctuating term). In this paper we continue the investigation by studying the sensitivity of the scheme to some of the ad hoc choices made in setting it up.
[ { "created": "Tue, 9 Oct 2012 13:12:35 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 19 Nov 2012 10:03:53 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Fri, 7 Dec 2012 06:53:30 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2013-03-27
[ [ "Ahmed", "Maqbool", "" ], [ "Sorkin", "Rafael", "" ] ]
Ideas from causal set theory lead to a fluctuating, time dependent cosmological-constant of the right order of magnitude to match currently quoted "dark energy" values. Although such a term was predicted some time ago, a more detailed analysis of the resulting class of phenomenological models was begun only recently (based on numerical simulation of the cosmological equations with such a fluctuating term). In this paper we continue the investigation by studying the sensitivity of the scheme to some of the ad hoc choices made in setting it up.
1011.3982
Simone Calogero
Simone Calogero, J. Mark Heinzle
Oscillations toward the singularity of LRS Bianchi type IX cosmological models with Vlasov matter
18 pages, 5 figures
SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. 9, 1244-1262 (2010)
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We analyze the dynamics of a class of cosmological solutions of the Einstein-Vlasov equations. These equations describe an ensemble of collisionless particles (which represent galaxies or clusters of galaxies) that interact gravitatively through Einstein's equations of general relativity. The cosmological models we consider are spatially homogeneous, of Bianchi type IX, and locally rotationally symmetric (LRS). We prove that generic solutions exhibit an oscillatory approach toward the singularities (the "big bang" in the past and the "big crunch" in the future); this is in contrast to the behavior of Einstein-vacuum or Einstein-Euler solutions. To establish this result we make use of dynamical systems theory; we introduce dimensionless dynamical variables that are defined on a compact state space; in this formulation the oscillatory behavior of generic solutions is represented by an approach to heteroclinic cycles.
[ { "created": "Wed, 17 Nov 2010 15:47:50 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-11-18
[ [ "Calogero", "Simone", "" ], [ "Heinzle", "J. Mark", "" ] ]
We analyze the dynamics of a class of cosmological solutions of the Einstein-Vlasov equations. These equations describe an ensemble of collisionless particles (which represent galaxies or clusters of galaxies) that interact gravitatively through Einstein's equations of general relativity. The cosmological models we consider are spatially homogeneous, of Bianchi type IX, and locally rotationally symmetric (LRS). We prove that generic solutions exhibit an oscillatory approach toward the singularities (the "big bang" in the past and the "big crunch" in the future); this is in contrast to the behavior of Einstein-vacuum or Einstein-Euler solutions. To establish this result we make use of dynamical systems theory; we introduce dimensionless dynamical variables that are defined on a compact state space; in this formulation the oscillatory behavior of generic solutions is represented by an approach to heteroclinic cycles.
1107.3347
Rajesh R. Parwani
Rajesh R. Parwani and Siti Nursaba Tarih
Nonlinear Quantum Cosmology of de Sitter Space
Revised version has changed title, abstract and additional review and clarifying remarks, with typos corrected and references updated. Results unchanged. 23 pages inclusive of 9 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th quant-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We perform a minisuperspace analysis of an information-theoretic nonlinear Wheeler-deWitt (WDW) equation for de Sitter universes. The nonlinear WDW equation, which is in the form of a difference-differential equation, is transformed into a pure difference equation for the probability density by using the current conservation constraint. In the present study we observe some new features not seen in our previous approximate investigation, such as a nonzero minimum and maximum allowable size to the quantum universe: An examination of the effective classical dynamics supports the interpretation of a bouncing universe. The studied model suggests implications for the early universe, and plausibly also for the future of an ongoing accelerating phase of the universe.
[ { "created": "Mon, 18 Jul 2011 01:30:51 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 30 Mar 2012 12:47:07 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2012-04-02
[ [ "Parwani", "Rajesh R.", "" ], [ "Tarih", "Siti Nursaba", "" ] ]
We perform a minisuperspace analysis of an information-theoretic nonlinear Wheeler-deWitt (WDW) equation for de Sitter universes. The nonlinear WDW equation, which is in the form of a difference-differential equation, is transformed into a pure difference equation for the probability density by using the current conservation constraint. In the present study we observe some new features not seen in our previous approximate investigation, such as a nonzero minimum and maximum allowable size to the quantum universe: An examination of the effective classical dynamics supports the interpretation of a bouncing universe. The studied model suggests implications for the early universe, and plausibly also for the future of an ongoing accelerating phase of the universe.
1603.01128
Jonathan Engle
Christopher Beetle, Jonathan S. Engle, Matthew E. Hogan, Phillip Mendonca
Diffeomorphism invariant cosmological symmetry in full quantum gravity
8 pages, invited submission for special issue of Int. J. Mod. Phys. D; Remark added on use of intertwining condition to reduce quantization ambiguities, assumptions on matter model made clear, sign convention for complexification changed to match that of Thiemann, as well as minor corrections
Int. J. Mod. Physics D 25 (2016) 1642012 [issue 8]
10.1142/S0218271816420128
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
This paper summarizes a new proposal to define rigorously a sector of loop quantum gravity at the diffeomorphism invariant level corresponding to homogeneous and isotropic cosmologies, thereby enabling a detailed comparison of results in loop quantum gravity and loop quantum cosmology. The key technical steps we have completed are (a) to formulate conditions for homogeneity and isotropy in a diffeomorphism covariant way on the classical phase space of general relativity, and (b) to translate these conditions consistently using well-understood techniques to loop quantum gravity. Some additional steps, such as constructing a specific embedding of the Hilbert space of loop quantum cosmology into a space of (distributional) states in the full theory, remain incomplete. However, we also describe, as a proof of concept, a complete analysis of an analogous embedding of homogeneous and isotropic loop quantum cosmology into the quantum Bianchi I model of Ashtekar and Wilson-Ewing. Details will appear in a pair of forthcoming papers.
[ { "created": "Thu, 3 Mar 2016 15:25:16 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 9 Sep 2016 15:27:07 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2016-09-12
[ [ "Beetle", "Christopher", "" ], [ "Engle", "Jonathan S.", "" ], [ "Hogan", "Matthew E.", "" ], [ "Mendonca", "Phillip", "" ] ]
This paper summarizes a new proposal to define rigorously a sector of loop quantum gravity at the diffeomorphism invariant level corresponding to homogeneous and isotropic cosmologies, thereby enabling a detailed comparison of results in loop quantum gravity and loop quantum cosmology. The key technical steps we have completed are (a) to formulate conditions for homogeneity and isotropy in a diffeomorphism covariant way on the classical phase space of general relativity, and (b) to translate these conditions consistently using well-understood techniques to loop quantum gravity. Some additional steps, such as constructing a specific embedding of the Hilbert space of loop quantum cosmology into a space of (distributional) states in the full theory, remain incomplete. However, we also describe, as a proof of concept, a complete analysis of an analogous embedding of homogeneous and isotropic loop quantum cosmology into the quantum Bianchi I model of Ashtekar and Wilson-Ewing. Details will appear in a pair of forthcoming papers.
0808.1424
Yousef Bisabr
Yousef Bisabr
Holographic Dark Energy Model and Scalar-Tensor Theories
11 pages, no figure. To appear in General Relativity and Gravitation
Gen.Rel.Grav.41:305-313,2009
10.1007/s10714-008-0676-7
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the holographic dark energy model in a generalized scalar tensor theory. In a universe filled with cold dark matter and dark energy, the effect of potential of the scalar field is investigated in the equation of state parameter. We show that for a various types of potentials, the equation of state parameter is negative and transition from deceleration to acceleration expansion of the universe is possible.
[ { "created": "Sun, 10 Aug 2008 19:42:00 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-02-18
[ [ "Bisabr", "Yousef", "" ] ]
We study the holographic dark energy model in a generalized scalar tensor theory. In a universe filled with cold dark matter and dark energy, the effect of potential of the scalar field is investigated in the equation of state parameter. We show that for a various types of potentials, the equation of state parameter is negative and transition from deceleration to acceleration expansion of the universe is possible.
1603.04291
Thiago Pereira
Thiago S. Pereira and Davincy T. Pabon
Extending the LCDM model through shear-free anisotropies
12 pages, 2 figures. Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Inflation and the Origin of the CMB Anomalies held at Cali -- Colombia, May 2015
null
10.1142/S0217732316400095
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
If the spacetime metric has anisotropic spatial curvature, one can afford to expand the universe isotropically, provided that the energy-momentum tensor satisfy a certain con- straint. This leads to the so-called shear-free metrics, which have the interesting property of violating the cosmological principle while still preserving the isotropy of the cosmic mi- crowave background (CMB) radiation. In this work we show that shear-free cosmologies correspond to an attractor solution in the space of models with anisotropic spatial curva- ture. Through a rigorous definition of linear perturbation theory in these spacetimes, we show that shear-free models represent a viable alternative to describe the large-scale evo- lution of the universe, leading, in particular, to a kinematically equivalent Sachs-Wolfe effect. Alternatively, we discuss some specific signatures that shear-free models would imprint on the temperature spectrum of CMB.
[ { "created": "Mon, 14 Mar 2016 14:59:11 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2016-07-20
[ [ "Pereira", "Thiago S.", "" ], [ "Pabon", "Davincy T.", "" ] ]
If the spacetime metric has anisotropic spatial curvature, one can afford to expand the universe isotropically, provided that the energy-momentum tensor satisfy a certain con- straint. This leads to the so-called shear-free metrics, which have the interesting property of violating the cosmological principle while still preserving the isotropy of the cosmic mi- crowave background (CMB) radiation. In this work we show that shear-free cosmologies correspond to an attractor solution in the space of models with anisotropic spatial curva- ture. Through a rigorous definition of linear perturbation theory in these spacetimes, we show that shear-free models represent a viable alternative to describe the large-scale evo- lution of the universe, leading, in particular, to a kinematically equivalent Sachs-Wolfe effect. Alternatively, we discuss some specific signatures that shear-free models would imprint on the temperature spectrum of CMB.
gr-qc/0010018
Tatyana P. Shestakova
T. P. Shestakova
The status of the Lambda term in quantum geometrodynamics in extended phase space
LaTeX, 6 pages, talk presented at the IV International Conference "Cosmion-99", Moscow, October 1999, to be published in the Conference Proceedings
Grav.Cosmol.Suppl.6:47-50,2000
null
null
gr-qc
null
S. Weinberg pointed out a way to introduce a cosmological term by modifying the theory of gravity. This modification would be justified if the Einstein equations with the cosmological term could be obtained in the classical limit of some physically satisfied quantum theory of gravity. We propose to consider quantum geometrodynamics in extended phase space as a candidate for such a theory. Quantum geometrodynamics in extended phase space aims at giving a selfconsistent description of the integrated system ``the physical object (the Universe) + observation means'', observation means being represented by a reference frame. The Lambda term appears in classical equations under certain gauge conditions and characterizes the state of gravitational vacuum related to a chosen reference frame. The eigenvalue spectrum of Lambda depends on a concrete cosmological model and can be found by solving the Schrodinger equation for a wave function of the Universe. The proposed version of quantum geometrodynamics enables one to make predictions concerning probable values of the Lambda term at various stages of cosmological evolution.
[ { "created": "Thu, 5 Oct 2000 11:47:58 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2011-04-15
[ [ "Shestakova", "T. P.", "" ] ]
S. Weinberg pointed out a way to introduce a cosmological term by modifying the theory of gravity. This modification would be justified if the Einstein equations with the cosmological term could be obtained in the classical limit of some physically satisfied quantum theory of gravity. We propose to consider quantum geometrodynamics in extended phase space as a candidate for such a theory. Quantum geometrodynamics in extended phase space aims at giving a selfconsistent description of the integrated system ``the physical object (the Universe) + observation means'', observation means being represented by a reference frame. The Lambda term appears in classical equations under certain gauge conditions and characterizes the state of gravitational vacuum related to a chosen reference frame. The eigenvalue spectrum of Lambda depends on a concrete cosmological model and can be found by solving the Schrodinger equation for a wave function of the Universe. The proposed version of quantum geometrodynamics enables one to make predictions concerning probable values of the Lambda term at various stages of cosmological evolution.
2405.17302
Maria Rossell\'o-Sastre
Maria Rossell\'o-Sastre, Sascha Husa, Sayantani Bera
A waveform model for the missing quadrupole mode from black hole coalescence: memory effect and ringdown of the $(\ell=2,m=0)$ spherical harmonic
20 pages, 13 figures
null
null
LIGO-P2400208
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
In this paper we describe a model for the $(\ell=2, m=0)$ spherical harmonic mode of the gravitational wave signal emitted by the coalescence of binary black holes, in particular, spin-aligned systems. This mode can be viewed as consisting of two components, gravitational wave memory and quasi-normal ringdown, which are both included in our model. Depending on the parameters of the binary and the sensitivity curve of the detector, but in particular for high masses, the ringdown part can contribute significantly to the signal-to-noise ratio. The model is constructed using the methods of the phenomenological waveforms program, and is calibrated to public numerical relativity data from the SXS waveforms catalog, with the analytical results derived from the BMS balance laws. The code has been implemented as an extension to the computationally efficient IMRPhenomTHM model, it can therefore be used for computationally expensive applications such as Bayesian parameter estimation. The region of validity of our model in the parameter space is given by: $q\leq10$ and $\chi_{1},\chi_{2}\in[-1,1]$, and no restrictions apply in terms of the length of the waveforms.
[ { "created": "Mon, 27 May 2024 16:03:52 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2024-05-28
[ [ "Rosselló-Sastre", "Maria", "" ], [ "Husa", "Sascha", "" ], [ "Bera", "Sayantani", "" ] ]
In this paper we describe a model for the $(\ell=2, m=0)$ spherical harmonic mode of the gravitational wave signal emitted by the coalescence of binary black holes, in particular, spin-aligned systems. This mode can be viewed as consisting of two components, gravitational wave memory and quasi-normal ringdown, which are both included in our model. Depending on the parameters of the binary and the sensitivity curve of the detector, but in particular for high masses, the ringdown part can contribute significantly to the signal-to-noise ratio. The model is constructed using the methods of the phenomenological waveforms program, and is calibrated to public numerical relativity data from the SXS waveforms catalog, with the analytical results derived from the BMS balance laws. The code has been implemented as an extension to the computationally efficient IMRPhenomTHM model, it can therefore be used for computationally expensive applications such as Bayesian parameter estimation. The region of validity of our model in the parameter space is given by: $q\leq10$ and $\chi_{1},\chi_{2}\in[-1,1]$, and no restrictions apply in terms of the length of the waveforms.
1912.07068
Hexu Zhang
He-Xu Zhang, Cong Li, Peng-Zhang He, Qi-Qi Fan, Jian-Bo Deng
Optical properties of a Brane-World black hole as photons couple to the Weyl tensor
arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1502.01088, arXiv:1611.08783, arXiv:1606.04634 by other authors
null
10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-8022-7
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this article, we have investigated the equations of motion of the photons coupled to Weyl tensor by the geometric optics approximation and the corresponding shadow in a Brane-World black hole spacetime. It is shown that there exists a double shadow for a black hole since the coupling photons with different polarization directions propagate along different paths in the spacetime. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of the metric parameter $\alpha$ related to the cosmological constant, X-cold dark matter parameter $\beta$ and the coupling parameter $\lambda$ on the umbra (the overlap region of the double shadow) and the penumbra. We also obtain the finite-distance corrections to the deflection angle of light in the Brane-World black hole spacetime as the photons coupled to Weyl tensor by using a recent geometric method.
[ { "created": "Sun, 15 Dec 2019 16:38:25 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 6 Mar 2020 09:06:54 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2020-06-24
[ [ "Zhang", "He-Xu", "" ], [ "Li", "Cong", "" ], [ "He", "Peng-Zhang", "" ], [ "Fan", "Qi-Qi", "" ], [ "Deng", "Jian-Bo", "" ] ]
In this article, we have investigated the equations of motion of the photons coupled to Weyl tensor by the geometric optics approximation and the corresponding shadow in a Brane-World black hole spacetime. It is shown that there exists a double shadow for a black hole since the coupling photons with different polarization directions propagate along different paths in the spacetime. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of the metric parameter $\alpha$ related to the cosmological constant, X-cold dark matter parameter $\beta$ and the coupling parameter $\lambda$ on the umbra (the overlap region of the double shadow) and the penumbra. We also obtain the finite-distance corrections to the deflection angle of light in the Brane-World black hole spacetime as the photons coupled to Weyl tensor by using a recent geometric method.
1510.00621
Jeff Steinhauer
Jeff Steinhauer
Observation of quantum Hawking radiation and its entanglement in an analogue black hole
The latest version has additional data and explanations
Nature Phys. 12, 959 (2016)
10.1038/nphys3863
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We observe spontaneous Hawking radiation, stimulated by quantum vacuum fluctuations, emanating from an analogue black hole in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. Correlations are observed between the Hawking particles outside the black hole and the partner particles inside. These correlations indicate an approximately thermal distribution of Hawking radiation. We find that the high energy pairs are entangled, while the low energy pairs are not, within the reasonable assumption that excitations with different frequencies are not correlated. The entanglement verifies the quantum nature of the Hawking radiation. The results are consistent with a driven oscillation experiment and a numerical simulation.
[ { "created": "Fri, 2 Oct 2015 15:27:27 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 22 Oct 2015 15:07:32 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 8 Aug 2017 12:22:51 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2017-08-09
[ [ "Steinhauer", "Jeff", "" ] ]
We observe spontaneous Hawking radiation, stimulated by quantum vacuum fluctuations, emanating from an analogue black hole in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. Correlations are observed between the Hawking particles outside the black hole and the partner particles inside. These correlations indicate an approximately thermal distribution of Hawking radiation. We find that the high energy pairs are entangled, while the low energy pairs are not, within the reasonable assumption that excitations with different frequencies are not correlated. The entanglement verifies the quantum nature of the Hawking radiation. The results are consistent with a driven oscillation experiment and a numerical simulation.
2307.12031
Alejandro Perez
Alejandro Perez, Salvatore Ribisi
Light-cone thermodynamics: purification of the Minkowski vacuum
Typos corrected
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th math-ph math.MP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We explicitly express the Minkowski vacuum of a massless scalar field in terms of the particle notion associated with suitable spherical conformal killing fields. These fields are orthogonal to the light wavefronts originating from a sphere with a radius of $r_{H}$ in flat spacetime: a bifurcate conformal killing horizon that exhibits semiclassical features similar to those of black hole horizons and Cauchy horizons of spherically symmetric black holes. Our result highlights the quantum aspects of this analogy and extends the well-known decomposition of the Minkowski vacuum in terms of Rindler modes, which are associated with the boost Killing field normal to a pair of null planes in Minkowski spacetime (the basis of the Unruh effect). While some features of our result have been established by Kay and Wald's theorems in the 90s -- on quantum field theory in stationary spacetimes with bifurcate Killing horizons -- the added value we provide here lies in the explicit expression of the vacuum.
[ { "created": "Sat, 22 Jul 2023 09:35:58 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 19 Feb 2024 14:39:53 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2024-02-20
[ [ "Perez", "Alejandro", "" ], [ "Ribisi", "Salvatore", "" ] ]
We explicitly express the Minkowski vacuum of a massless scalar field in terms of the particle notion associated with suitable spherical conformal killing fields. These fields are orthogonal to the light wavefronts originating from a sphere with a radius of $r_{H}$ in flat spacetime: a bifurcate conformal killing horizon that exhibits semiclassical features similar to those of black hole horizons and Cauchy horizons of spherically symmetric black holes. Our result highlights the quantum aspects of this analogy and extends the well-known decomposition of the Minkowski vacuum in terms of Rindler modes, which are associated with the boost Killing field normal to a pair of null planes in Minkowski spacetime (the basis of the Unruh effect). While some features of our result have been established by Kay and Wald's theorems in the 90s -- on quantum field theory in stationary spacetimes with bifurcate Killing horizons -- the added value we provide here lies in the explicit expression of the vacuum.
gr-qc/0701073
Luis Herrera
L. Herrera
The inertia of heat and its role in the dynamics of dissipative collapse
Latex file. To appear in Int.J.Mod.Phys.D. Year of reference [1] corrected
Int.J.Mod.Phys.D15:2197-2202,2006
10.1142/S0218271806009753
null
gr-qc astro-ph physics.space-ph
null
The decreasing of the inertial mass density, established in the past for dissipative fluids, is found to be produced by the ``inertial'' term of the transport equation. Once the transport equation is coupled to the dynamical equation one finds that the contribution of the inertial term diminishes the effective inertial mass and the ``gravitational'' force term, by the same factor. An intuitive picture, and prospective applications of this result to astrophysical scenarios are discussed.
[ { "created": "Mon, 15 Jan 2007 18:39:42 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 12 Apr 2007 16:02:03 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Herrera", "L.", "" ] ]
The decreasing of the inertial mass density, established in the past for dissipative fluids, is found to be produced by the ``inertial'' term of the transport equation. Once the transport equation is coupled to the dynamical equation one finds that the contribution of the inertial term diminishes the effective inertial mass and the ``gravitational'' force term, by the same factor. An intuitive picture, and prospective applications of this result to astrophysical scenarios are discussed.
gr-qc/9807063
Bahram Mashhoon
B. Mashhoon (University of Missouri-Columbia) and N. O. Santos (Cidade Universitaria)
Rotating Cylindrical Systems and Gravitomagnetism
LaTeX file, 22 pages, no figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Annalen Phys. 9 (2000) 49-63
10.1002/(SICI)1521-3889(200001)9:1<49::AID-ANDP49>3.0.CO;2-2
null
gr-qc
null
We discuss gravitomagnetism in connection with rotating cylindrical systems. In particular, the gravitomagnetic clock effect is investigated for the exterior vacuum field of an infinite rotating cylinder. The dependence of the clock effect on the Weyl parameters of the stationary Lewis metric is determined. We illustrate our results by means of the van Stockum spacetime.
[ { "created": "Thu, 23 Jul 1998 04:35:03 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2017-09-27
[ [ "Mashhoon", "B.", "", "University of Missouri-Columbia" ], [ "Santos", "N. O.", "", "Cidade\n Universitaria" ] ]
We discuss gravitomagnetism in connection with rotating cylindrical systems. In particular, the gravitomagnetic clock effect is investigated for the exterior vacuum field of an infinite rotating cylinder. The dependence of the clock effect on the Weyl parameters of the stationary Lewis metric is determined. We illustrate our results by means of the van Stockum spacetime.
1009.1096
Swastik Bhattacharya
Swastik Bhattacharya, Pankaj S. Joshi
Regularity of initial data in dynamical massless scalar field models
5 pages, No figures
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We discuss here the issue of regularity of initial data for dynamical spherically symmetric massless scalar field models in a spacetime. Generalizing the known solutions of Einstein equations given in this case by Wyman and Roberts, we examine the issue of regularity on a given spacelike surface, especially when the gradient of the field is spacelike. In particular, we isolate the class of models which would have necessarily a singularity at the center, and therefore these would be unsuitable for studying either gravitational collapse or dynamical evolutions in cosmology.
[ { "created": "Mon, 6 Sep 2010 17:08:52 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-09-07
[ [ "Bhattacharya", "Swastik", "" ], [ "Joshi", "Pankaj S.", "" ] ]
We discuss here the issue of regularity of initial data for dynamical spherically symmetric massless scalar field models in a spacetime. Generalizing the known solutions of Einstein equations given in this case by Wyman and Roberts, we examine the issue of regularity on a given spacelike surface, especially when the gradient of the field is spacelike. In particular, we isolate the class of models which would have necessarily a singularity at the center, and therefore these would be unsuitable for studying either gravitational collapse or dynamical evolutions in cosmology.
1801.07261
Shahar Hod
Shahar Hod
Strong cosmic censorship in charged black-hole spacetimes: As strong as ever
7 pages
Nuclear Physics B 941, 636 (2019)
10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2019.03.003
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
It is proved that dynamically formed Reissner-Nordstr\"om-de Sitter (RNdS) black holes, which have recently been claimed to provide counter-examples to the Penrose strong cosmic censorship conjecture, are characterized by unstable (singular) inner Cauchy horizons. The proof is based on analytical techniques which explicitly reveal the fact that {\it charged} massive scalar fields in the charged RNdS black-hole spacetime are characterized, in the large-coupling regime, by quasinormal resonant frequencies with $\Im\omega^{\text{min}}<{1\over2}\kappa_+$, where $\kappa_+$ is the surface gravity of the black-hole event horizon. This result implies that the corresponding relaxation rate $\psi\sim e^{-\Im\omega^{\text{min}}t}$ of the collapsed charged fields is slow enough to guarantee, through the mass-inflation mechanism, the instability of the dynamically formed inner Cauchy horizons. Our results reveal the physically important fact that, taking into account the unavoidable presence of {\it charged} matter fields in dynamically formed {\it charged} spacetimes, non-asymptotically flat RNdS black holes are globally hyperbolic and therefore respect the fundamental strong cosmic censorship conjecture.
[ { "created": "Mon, 22 Jan 2018 19:00:03 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2019-05-01
[ [ "Hod", "Shahar", "" ] ]
It is proved that dynamically formed Reissner-Nordstr\"om-de Sitter (RNdS) black holes, which have recently been claimed to provide counter-examples to the Penrose strong cosmic censorship conjecture, are characterized by unstable (singular) inner Cauchy horizons. The proof is based on analytical techniques which explicitly reveal the fact that {\it charged} massive scalar fields in the charged RNdS black-hole spacetime are characterized, in the large-coupling regime, by quasinormal resonant frequencies with $\Im\omega^{\text{min}}<{1\over2}\kappa_+$, where $\kappa_+$ is the surface gravity of the black-hole event horizon. This result implies that the corresponding relaxation rate $\psi\sim e^{-\Im\omega^{\text{min}}t}$ of the collapsed charged fields is slow enough to guarantee, through the mass-inflation mechanism, the instability of the dynamically formed inner Cauchy horizons. Our results reveal the physically important fact that, taking into account the unavoidable presence of {\it charged} matter fields in dynamically formed {\it charged} spacetimes, non-asymptotically flat RNdS black holes are globally hyperbolic and therefore respect the fundamental strong cosmic censorship conjecture.
1205.0118
Yuki Kanai
Yuki Kanai and Akio Hosoya
Hawking radiation from a collapsing dust sphere and its back reaction at the event horizon -Weak value approach-
13 pages, 1 figure
null
null
null
gr-qc quant-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
To see the back reaction of the Hawking radiation in a dynamical spacetime of the spherical gravitational collapse, we explicitly calculate the weak value of the energy-momentum tensor of the massless scalar field. The background geometry of a collapsing dust sphere is specified by using the Painleve-Gullstrand coordinates, in which the time coordinate coincides with the proper time of a free-falling observer and the metric tensor is regular at the event horizon. The result is that in the remote future the weak value diverges at the event horizon. We argue that since the semi-classical approximation of the Einstein equation in the sense of the weak value breaks down there, the future geometry of the spacetime cannot be the Schwarzschild geometry.
[ { "created": "Tue, 1 May 2012 09:02:21 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 16 Mar 2013 08:59:00 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2015-03-20
[ [ "Kanai", "Yuki", "" ], [ "Hosoya", "Akio", "" ] ]
To see the back reaction of the Hawking radiation in a dynamical spacetime of the spherical gravitational collapse, we explicitly calculate the weak value of the energy-momentum tensor of the massless scalar field. The background geometry of a collapsing dust sphere is specified by using the Painleve-Gullstrand coordinates, in which the time coordinate coincides with the proper time of a free-falling observer and the metric tensor is regular at the event horizon. The result is that in the remote future the weak value diverges at the event horizon. We argue that since the semi-classical approximation of the Einstein equation in the sense of the weak value breaks down there, the future geometry of the spacetime cannot be the Schwarzschild geometry.
1709.04367
Ravindra Saraykar Dr.
R V Saraykar and Sujatha Janardhan
Role of Topologies in the Study of Dynamical Aspects of Stable and Generic Properties of Space-times in General Relativity
arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1612.08812, arXiv:1609.07703
Asian Journal of Mathematics and Computer Research, Vol.20, Issue 1 (2017) 22-31
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In [1], the authors have studied stability of certain causal properties of space-times in general relativity. As a continuation of this work, in the present paper, we review and discuss, some more aspects of stability which occur in various situations in the dynamics of general relativity. We argue that not only choice of appropriate topology, but also the nature of perturbation, like metric, matter or initial data, are key factors in deciding whether a property is stable or not. We also study certain properties of space-times which are generic in an appropriate mathematical sense. In particular we argue that Linearization stability of a space-time is a generic property.
[ { "created": "Tue, 12 Sep 2017 07:08:23 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2017-09-14
[ [ "Saraykar", "R V", "" ], [ "Janardhan", "Sujatha", "" ] ]
In [1], the authors have studied stability of certain causal properties of space-times in general relativity. As a continuation of this work, in the present paper, we review and discuss, some more aspects of stability which occur in various situations in the dynamics of general relativity. We argue that not only choice of appropriate topology, but also the nature of perturbation, like metric, matter or initial data, are key factors in deciding whether a property is stable or not. We also study certain properties of space-times which are generic in an appropriate mathematical sense. In particular we argue that Linearization stability of a space-time is a generic property.
1101.4311
Mohammad Vahid Takook
H. Pejhan, M.R. Tanhayi and M.V. Takook
Auxiliary "massless" spin-2 field in de Sitter universe
16 pages
Int.J.Theor.Phys.49:2263-2277,2010
10.1007/s10773-010-0413-3
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
For the tensor field of rank-2 there are two unitary irreducible representation (UIR) in de Sitter (dS) space denoted by $\Pi^{\pm}_{2,2}$ and $\Pi^{\pm}_{2,1}$ [1]. In the flat limit only the $\Pi^{\pm}_{2,2}$ coincides to the UIR of Poincar\'e group, the second one becomes important in the study of conformal gravity. In the pervious work, Dirac's six-cone formalism has been utilized to obtain conformally invariant (CI) field equation for the "massless" spin-2 field in dS space [2]. This equation results in a field which transformed according to $\Pi^{\pm}_{2,1}$, we name this field the auxiliary field. In this paper this auxiliary field is considered and also related two-point function is calculated as a product of a polarization tensor and "massless" conformally coupled scalar field. This two-point function is de Sitter invariant.
[ { "created": "Sat, 22 Jan 2011 19:27:43 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2011-01-27
[ [ "Pejhan", "H.", "" ], [ "Tanhayi", "M. R.", "" ], [ "Takook", "M. V.", "" ] ]
For the tensor field of rank-2 there are two unitary irreducible representation (UIR) in de Sitter (dS) space denoted by $\Pi^{\pm}_{2,2}$ and $\Pi^{\pm}_{2,1}$ [1]. In the flat limit only the $\Pi^{\pm}_{2,2}$ coincides to the UIR of Poincar\'e group, the second one becomes important in the study of conformal gravity. In the pervious work, Dirac's six-cone formalism has been utilized to obtain conformally invariant (CI) field equation for the "massless" spin-2 field in dS space [2]. This equation results in a field which transformed according to $\Pi^{\pm}_{2,1}$, we name this field the auxiliary field. In this paper this auxiliary field is considered and also related two-point function is calculated as a product of a polarization tensor and "massless" conformally coupled scalar field. This two-point function is de Sitter invariant.
gr-qc/0702079
Valerio Faraoni
Valerio Faraoni (Bishop's University)
A common misconception about LIGO detectors of gravitational waves
9 pages, LaTeX, to appear in Gen. Rel. Grav
Gen.Rel.Grav.39:677-684.2007
10.1007/s10714-007-0415-5
null
gr-qc
null
A common misconception about laser interferometric detectors of gravitational waves purports that, because the wavelength of laser light and the length of an interferometer's arm are both stretched by a gravitational wave, no effect should be visible, invoking an analogy with cosmological redshift in an expanding universe. The issue is clarified with the help of a direct calculation.
[ { "created": "Wed, 14 Feb 2007 14:29:33 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2014-11-17
[ [ "Faraoni", "Valerio", "", "Bishop's University" ] ]
A common misconception about laser interferometric detectors of gravitational waves purports that, because the wavelength of laser light and the length of an interferometer's arm are both stretched by a gravitational wave, no effect should be visible, invoking an analogy with cosmological redshift in an expanding universe. The issue is clarified with the help of a direct calculation.
1807.10361
Jose Navarro-Salas
Antonio Ferreiro, Jose Navarro-Salas and Silvia Pla
Role of gravity in the pair creation induced by electric fields
Latex file, 7 pages. Misprints corrected. Slight change in title
Phys. Rev. D 98, 045015 (2018)
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.045015
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We analyze the pair production induced by homogenous, time-dependent electric fields in an expanding space-time background. We point out that, in obtaining the semiclassical Maxwell equations, two distinct notions of adiabatic renormalization are possible. In Minkowski space the two recipes turn out to be equivalent. However, in the presence of gravity only the recipe requiring an adiabatic hierarchy between the gravitational and the gauge field is consistent with the conservation of the energy-momentum tensor.
[ { "created": "Thu, 26 Jul 2018 20:50:42 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 19 Sep 2018 14:54:10 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2018-09-20
[ [ "Ferreiro", "Antonio", "" ], [ "Navarro-Salas", "Jose", "" ], [ "Pla", "Silvia", "" ] ]
We analyze the pair production induced by homogenous, time-dependent electric fields in an expanding space-time background. We point out that, in obtaining the semiclassical Maxwell equations, two distinct notions of adiabatic renormalization are possible. In Minkowski space the two recipes turn out to be equivalent. However, in the presence of gravity only the recipe requiring an adiabatic hierarchy between the gravitational and the gauge field is consistent with the conservation of the energy-momentum tensor.
0810.2209
Stefano Viaggiu
Stefano Viaggiu
Modeling usual and unusual anisotropic spheres
Final version published in IJMPD
Int.J.Mod.Phys.D18:275-288,2009
10.1142/S021827180901442X
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper, we study anisotropic spheres built from known static spherical solutions. In particular, we are interested in the physical consequences of a "small" departure from a physically sensible configuration. The obtained solutions smoothly depend on free parameters. By setting these parameters to zero, the starting seed solution is regained. We apply our procedure in detail by taking as seed solutions the Florides metrics, and the Tolman IV solution. We show that the chosen Tolman IV, and also Heint IIa Durg IV,V perfect fluid solutions, can be used to generate a class of parametric solutions where the anisotropic factor has features recalling boson stars. This is an indication that boson stars could emerge by "perturbing" appropriately a perfect fluid solution (at least for the seed metrics considered). Finally, starting with Tolman IV, Heint IIa and Durg IV,V solutions, we build anisotropic gravastar-like sources with the appropriate boundary conditions.
[ { "created": "Mon, 13 Oct 2008 11:24:12 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 6 Apr 2009 11:16:09 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-04-17
[ [ "Viaggiu", "Stefano", "" ] ]
In this paper, we study anisotropic spheres built from known static spherical solutions. In particular, we are interested in the physical consequences of a "small" departure from a physically sensible configuration. The obtained solutions smoothly depend on free parameters. By setting these parameters to zero, the starting seed solution is regained. We apply our procedure in detail by taking as seed solutions the Florides metrics, and the Tolman IV solution. We show that the chosen Tolman IV, and also Heint IIa Durg IV,V perfect fluid solutions, can be used to generate a class of parametric solutions where the anisotropic factor has features recalling boson stars. This is an indication that boson stars could emerge by "perturbing" appropriately a perfect fluid solution (at least for the seed metrics considered). Finally, starting with Tolman IV, Heint IIa and Durg IV,V solutions, we build anisotropic gravastar-like sources with the appropriate boundary conditions.
gr-qc/0511116
Jared Maruskin
Jared M. Maruskin
Considerations of a $k=+1$ Varluminopic Cosmology
24 pages
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph
null
Every relativistic particle has 4-speed equal to $c$, since $g_{\mu \nu} \frac{dx^\mu}{d\tau} \frac{dx^\nu}{d\tau} = c^2$. With the choice of $k = +1$ in the FRW metric, the cosmological scale factor $a(t)$ has the natural interpretation of the radius of the sphere $S^3_a = \{x \in \mathbb{R}^4 : (x, x) = a^2\}$. Thus, a particle at rest in the cosmological frame has 4-speed equal to $\frac{da}{dt}$. This leads us to infer that $\dot a = c$, which respresents a simple kinematic constraint linking the speed of light to the cosmological scale factor. This drastically changes the $k=+1$ picture from a closed deaccelerating universe to an open accelerating universe, settles the horizon problem, and provides for a new cosmological model more appealing to our natural intuition. In this paper we shall consider ramifications of this model.
[ { "created": "Mon, 21 Nov 2005 19:21:24 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Maruskin", "Jared M.", "" ] ]
Every relativistic particle has 4-speed equal to $c$, since $g_{\mu \nu} \frac{dx^\mu}{d\tau} \frac{dx^\nu}{d\tau} = c^2$. With the choice of $k = +1$ in the FRW metric, the cosmological scale factor $a(t)$ has the natural interpretation of the radius of the sphere $S^3_a = \{x \in \mathbb{R}^4 : (x, x) = a^2\}$. Thus, a particle at rest in the cosmological frame has 4-speed equal to $\frac{da}{dt}$. This leads us to infer that $\dot a = c$, which respresents a simple kinematic constraint linking the speed of light to the cosmological scale factor. This drastically changes the $k=+1$ picture from a closed deaccelerating universe to an open accelerating universe, settles the horizon problem, and provides for a new cosmological model more appealing to our natural intuition. In this paper we shall consider ramifications of this model.
gr-qc/9504021
Bill Hiscock
Tsunefumi Tanaka and William A. Hiscock (Montana State University)
Massive scalar field in multiply connected flat spacetimes
19 pages, REVTeX, 5 figures in separate uuencoded compressed file
Phys.Rev.D52:4503-4511,1995
10.1103/PhysRevD.52.4503
null
gr-qc
null
The vacuum expectation value of the stress-energy tensor $\left\langle 0\left| T_{\mu\nu} \right|0\right\rangle$ is calculated in several multiply connected flat spacetimes for a massive scalar field with arbitrary curvature coupling. We find that a nonzero field mass always decreases the magnitude of the energy density in chronology-respecting manifolds such as $R^3 \times S^1$, $R^2 \times T^2$, $R^1 \times T^3$, the M\"{o}bius strip, and the Klein bottle. In Grant space, which contains nonchronal regions, whether $\left\langle 0\left| T_{\mu\nu} \right|0\right\rangle$ diverges on a chronology horizon or not depends on the field mass. For a sufficiently large mass $\left\langle 0\left| T_{\mu\nu} \right|0\right\rangle$ remains finite, and the metric backreaction caused by a massive quantized field may not be large enough to significantly change the Grant space geometry.
[ { "created": "Fri, 14 Apr 1995 17:17:49 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2010-11-01
[ [ "Tanaka", "Tsunefumi", "", "Montana State University" ], [ "Hiscock", "William A.", "", "Montana State University" ] ]
The vacuum expectation value of the stress-energy tensor $\left\langle 0\left| T_{\mu\nu} \right|0\right\rangle$ is calculated in several multiply connected flat spacetimes for a massive scalar field with arbitrary curvature coupling. We find that a nonzero field mass always decreases the magnitude of the energy density in chronology-respecting manifolds such as $R^3 \times S^1$, $R^2 \times T^2$, $R^1 \times T^3$, the M\"{o}bius strip, and the Klein bottle. In Grant space, which contains nonchronal regions, whether $\left\langle 0\left| T_{\mu\nu} \right|0\right\rangle$ diverges on a chronology horizon or not depends on the field mass. For a sufficiently large mass $\left\langle 0\left| T_{\mu\nu} \right|0\right\rangle$ remains finite, and the metric backreaction caused by a massive quantized field may not be large enough to significantly change the Grant space geometry.
1905.12428
Mohammad Ghanaatian
A. Bazrafshan, F. Naeimipour, M. Ghanaatian, A. Khajeh
Physical and thermodynamic properties of quartic quasitopological black holes and rotating black branes with nonlinear source
14 pages, 7 figures
Phys. Rev. D 100, 064062 (2019)
10.1103/PhysRevD.100.064062
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper, we find the solutions of quartic quasitopological black holes and branes coupled to logarithmic and exponential forms of nonlinear electrodynamics. These solutions have an essential singularity at $r=0$. Depending on the value of charge parameter $q$, we have an extreme black hole/brane, a black hole/brane with two horizons or a naked singularity. For small values of parameter $q$, the solutions lead to a black hole/brane with two horizons. The values of the horizons are independent of the values of quasitopological parameters and depend only on the values of $q$, dimensions $n$, nonlinear parameter $\beta$ and mass parameter. Also, the solutions are not thermally stable for dS and flat spacetimes. However, AdS solutions are stable for $r_{+}>{r_{+}}_{\rm{ext}}$ which the temperature is zero for $r_{+}={r_{+}}_{\rm{ext}}$. The value of ${r_{+}}_{\rm{ext}}$ also depends on the values of parameters $q$, $\beta$, $n$ and $m$. As the value of ${r_{+}}_{\rm{ext}}$ decreases, the region of stability becomes larger. We also use HPEM metric to probe GTD formalism for our solutions. This metric is successful to predict the divergences of the scalar curvature exactly at the phase transition points. For large values of parameter $\Xi$, the black hole/brane has a transition to a stable state and stays stable.
[ { "created": "Mon, 27 May 2019 22:12:57 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2019-10-02
[ [ "Bazrafshan", "A.", "" ], [ "Naeimipour", "F.", "" ], [ "Ghanaatian", "M.", "" ], [ "Khajeh", "A.", "" ] ]
In this paper, we find the solutions of quartic quasitopological black holes and branes coupled to logarithmic and exponential forms of nonlinear electrodynamics. These solutions have an essential singularity at $r=0$. Depending on the value of charge parameter $q$, we have an extreme black hole/brane, a black hole/brane with two horizons or a naked singularity. For small values of parameter $q$, the solutions lead to a black hole/brane with two horizons. The values of the horizons are independent of the values of quasitopological parameters and depend only on the values of $q$, dimensions $n$, nonlinear parameter $\beta$ and mass parameter. Also, the solutions are not thermally stable for dS and flat spacetimes. However, AdS solutions are stable for $r_{+}>{r_{+}}_{\rm{ext}}$ which the temperature is zero for $r_{+}={r_{+}}_{\rm{ext}}$. The value of ${r_{+}}_{\rm{ext}}$ also depends on the values of parameters $q$, $\beta$, $n$ and $m$. As the value of ${r_{+}}_{\rm{ext}}$ decreases, the region of stability becomes larger. We also use HPEM metric to probe GTD formalism for our solutions. This metric is successful to predict the divergences of the scalar curvature exactly at the phase transition points. For large values of parameter $\Xi$, the black hole/brane has a transition to a stable state and stays stable.
0704.2670
Adrian Sabin Popescu
Adrian Sabin Popescu
D.E.U.S. (Dimension Embedded in Unified Symmetry)
247 pages, 113 figures; We merged all the DEUS model papers in a single volume
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
An unified model of the Universe, Black Holes, particles .... and beyond.
[ { "created": "Fri, 20 Apr 2007 08:41:41 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 7 May 2007 12:51:50 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-09-29
[ [ "Popescu", "Adrian Sabin", "" ] ]
An unified model of the Universe, Black Holes, particles .... and beyond.
2407.07156
Valerio De Luca
Valerio De Luca, Alice Garoffolo, Justin Khoury, Mark Trodden
Tidal Love numbers and Green's functions in black hole space-times
18 pages, 3 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Tidal interactions play a crucial role in deciphering gravitational wave signals emitted by the coalescence of binary systems. They are usually quantified by a set of complex coefficients which include tidal Love numbers, describing the conservative response to an external perturbation. In the static case, these are found to vanish exactly for asymptotically flat black holes in general relativity in four space-time dimensions, and recently they have been generalized to dynamical interactions. In the context of response theory, the retarded Green's function provides the complete description of the behavior of dynamical systems. In this work we investigate the relation between Love numbers and Green's functions, and highlight the relevance of radiation reaction effects to their connection. As a special case, we discuss BTZ black holes, where the absence of radiative modes allows us to make a direct link between them.
[ { "created": "Tue, 9 Jul 2024 18:00:09 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2024-07-11
[ [ "De Luca", "Valerio", "" ], [ "Garoffolo", "Alice", "" ], [ "Khoury", "Justin", "" ], [ "Trodden", "Mark", "" ] ]
Tidal interactions play a crucial role in deciphering gravitational wave signals emitted by the coalescence of binary systems. They are usually quantified by a set of complex coefficients which include tidal Love numbers, describing the conservative response to an external perturbation. In the static case, these are found to vanish exactly for asymptotically flat black holes in general relativity in four space-time dimensions, and recently they have been generalized to dynamical interactions. In the context of response theory, the retarded Green's function provides the complete description of the behavior of dynamical systems. In this work we investigate the relation between Love numbers and Green's functions, and highlight the relevance of radiation reaction effects to their connection. As a special case, we discuss BTZ black holes, where the absence of radiative modes allows us to make a direct link between them.
1101.1391
Walter Del Pozzo
Walter Del Pozzo, John Veitch and Alberto Vecchio
Testing General Relativity using Bayesian model selection: Applications to observations of gravitational waves from compact binary systems
Submitted to PRD
Phys.Rev.D83:082002,2011
10.1103/PhysRevD.83.082002
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Second generation interferometric gravitational wave detectors, such as Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, are expected to begin operation by 2015. Such instruments plan to reach sensitivities that will offer the unique possibility to test General Relativity in the dynamical, strong field regime and investigate departures from its predictions, in particular using the signal from coalescing binary systems. We introduce a statistical framework based on Bayesian model selection in which the Bayes factor between two competing hypotheses measures which theory is favored by the data. Probability density functions of the model parameters are then used to quantify the inference on individual parameters. We also develop a method to combine the information coming from multiple independent observations of gravitational waves, and show how much stronger inference could be. As an introduction and illustration of this framework - and a practical numerical implementation through the Monte Carlo integration technique of nested sampling - we apply it to gravitational waves from the inspiral phase of coalescing binary systems as predicted by General Relativity and a very simple alternative theory in which the graviton has a non-zero mass. This method can trivially (and should) be extended to more realistic and physically motivated theories.
[ { "created": "Fri, 7 Jan 2011 09:44:53 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-03-17
[ [ "Del Pozzo", "Walter", "" ], [ "Veitch", "John", "" ], [ "Vecchio", "Alberto", "" ] ]
Second generation interferometric gravitational wave detectors, such as Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo, are expected to begin operation by 2015. Such instruments plan to reach sensitivities that will offer the unique possibility to test General Relativity in the dynamical, strong field regime and investigate departures from its predictions, in particular using the signal from coalescing binary systems. We introduce a statistical framework based on Bayesian model selection in which the Bayes factor between two competing hypotheses measures which theory is favored by the data. Probability density functions of the model parameters are then used to quantify the inference on individual parameters. We also develop a method to combine the information coming from multiple independent observations of gravitational waves, and show how much stronger inference could be. As an introduction and illustration of this framework - and a practical numerical implementation through the Monte Carlo integration technique of nested sampling - we apply it to gravitational waves from the inspiral phase of coalescing binary systems as predicted by General Relativity and a very simple alternative theory in which the graviton has a non-zero mass. This method can trivially (and should) be extended to more realistic and physically motivated theories.
gr-qc/0201016
Ian G. Moss
Ian G Moss and James P Norman
Gravitational quasinormal modes for Anti-de Sitter black holes
12 pages, 6 figures in ReVTeX
Class.Quant.Grav. 19 (2002) 2323-2332
10.1088/0264-9381/19/8/319
null
gr-qc
null
Quasinormal mode spectra for gravitational perturbations of black holes in four dimensional de Sitter and anti-de Sitter space are investigated. The anti-de Sitter case is relevant to the ADS-CFT correspondence in superstring theory. The ADS-CFT correspondence suggests a prefered set of boundary conditions.
[ { "created": "Sun, 6 Jan 2002 12:18:24 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 19 Jan 2002 11:01:56 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-11-07
[ [ "Moss", "Ian G", "" ], [ "Norman", "James P", "" ] ]
Quasinormal mode spectra for gravitational perturbations of black holes in four dimensional de Sitter and anti-de Sitter space are investigated. The anti-de Sitter case is relevant to the ADS-CFT correspondence in superstring theory. The ADS-CFT correspondence suggests a prefered set of boundary conditions.
2305.12037
Hoang Nguyen
Hoang Ky Nguyen
Non-triviality of asymptotically flat Buchdahl-inspired metrics in pure $R^2$ gravity
7 pages, 1 figure
Mod. Phys. Lett. A (2023) 2450100
10.1142/S0217732324501001
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In Phys. Rev. D $\textbf{107}$, 104008 (2023) we reported a novel exact closed-form solution which describes asymptotically flat spacetimes in pure $R^2$ gravity. The solution is Ricci scalar flat, viz. $R\equiv0$ everywhere. Whereas any metric with a null Ricci scalar would $\textit{trivially}$ satisfy the $R^2$ vacuo field equation, $R\left(R_{\mu\nu}-\frac{1}{4}g_{\mu\nu}\,R\right)+g_{\mu\nu}\,\square\,R-\nabla_{\mu}\nabla_{\nu}R=0$, in this article, we shall show that our solution satisfies a "stronger" version of the $R^2$ vacuo field equation, viz. $R_{\mu\nu}-\frac{1}{4}g_{\mu\nu}\,R+R^{-1}\left(g_{\mu\nu}\,\square\,R-\nabla_{\mu}\nabla_{\nu}R\right)=0$, despite the term $R^{-1}$ being $\textit{singular}$. Even though $R$ identically vanishes, for our solution, the combinations $\,R^{-1}\,\nabla_{\mu}\nabla_{\nu}R\,$ and $\,R^{-1}\,\square\,R\,$ are $\textit{free of singularity}$. This exceptional property sets our solution apart from the set of null-Ricci-scalar metrics and makes it a genuinely $\textit{non-trivial}$ solution. We further demonstrate that, as a member of a larger class of asymptotically de Sitter metrics, our solution is resilient against perturbations in the scalar curvature at largest distances, making it relevant for physical situations where the background deviates from asymptotic flatness.
[ { "created": "Fri, 19 May 2023 23:36:37 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 5 Oct 2023 16:19:45 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 28 May 2024 17:58:04 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2024-07-09
[ [ "Nguyen", "Hoang Ky", "" ] ]
In Phys. Rev. D $\textbf{107}$, 104008 (2023) we reported a novel exact closed-form solution which describes asymptotically flat spacetimes in pure $R^2$ gravity. The solution is Ricci scalar flat, viz. $R\equiv0$ everywhere. Whereas any metric with a null Ricci scalar would $\textit{trivially}$ satisfy the $R^2$ vacuo field equation, $R\left(R_{\mu\nu}-\frac{1}{4}g_{\mu\nu}\,R\right)+g_{\mu\nu}\,\square\,R-\nabla_{\mu}\nabla_{\nu}R=0$, in this article, we shall show that our solution satisfies a "stronger" version of the $R^2$ vacuo field equation, viz. $R_{\mu\nu}-\frac{1}{4}g_{\mu\nu}\,R+R^{-1}\left(g_{\mu\nu}\,\square\,R-\nabla_{\mu}\nabla_{\nu}R\right)=0$, despite the term $R^{-1}$ being $\textit{singular}$. Even though $R$ identically vanishes, for our solution, the combinations $\,R^{-1}\,\nabla_{\mu}\nabla_{\nu}R\,$ and $\,R^{-1}\,\square\,R\,$ are $\textit{free of singularity}$. This exceptional property sets our solution apart from the set of null-Ricci-scalar metrics and makes it a genuinely $\textit{non-trivial}$ solution. We further demonstrate that, as a member of a larger class of asymptotically de Sitter metrics, our solution is resilient against perturbations in the scalar curvature at largest distances, making it relevant for physical situations where the background deviates from asymptotic flatness.
gr-qc/0608130
Jose Ademir Sales Lima
R. C. Santos, J. Santos, J. A. S. Lima
Hamilton-Jacobi Approach for Power-Law Potentials
12 pages, Latex
Braz.J.Phys. 36 (2006) 1257-1261
10.1590/S0103-97332006000700024
null
gr-qc
null
The classical and relativistic Hamilton-Jacobi approach is applied to the one-dimensional homogeneous potential, $V(q)=\alpha q^n$, where $\alpha$ and $n$ are continuously varying parameters. In the non-relativistic case, the exact analytical solution is determined in terms of $\alpha$, $n$ and the total energy $E$. It is also shown that the non-linear equation of motion can be linearized by constructing a hypergeometric differential equation for the inverse problem $t(q)$. A variable transformation reducing the general problem to that one of a particle subjected to a linear force is also established. For any value of $n$, it leads to a simple harmonic oscillator if $E>0$, an "anti-oscillator" if $E<0$, or a free particle if E=0. However, such a reduction is not possible in the relativistic case. For a bounded relativistic motion, the first order correction to the period is determined for any value of $n$. For $n >> 1$, it is found that the correction is just twice that one deduced for the simple harmonic oscillator ($n=2$), and does not depend on the specific value of $n$.
[ { "created": "Wed, 30 Aug 2006 02:06:10 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-06-25
[ [ "Santos", "R. C.", "" ], [ "Santos", "J.", "" ], [ "Lima", "J. A. S.", "" ] ]
The classical and relativistic Hamilton-Jacobi approach is applied to the one-dimensional homogeneous potential, $V(q)=\alpha q^n$, where $\alpha$ and $n$ are continuously varying parameters. In the non-relativistic case, the exact analytical solution is determined in terms of $\alpha$, $n$ and the total energy $E$. It is also shown that the non-linear equation of motion can be linearized by constructing a hypergeometric differential equation for the inverse problem $t(q)$. A variable transformation reducing the general problem to that one of a particle subjected to a linear force is also established. For any value of $n$, it leads to a simple harmonic oscillator if $E>0$, an "anti-oscillator" if $E<0$, or a free particle if E=0. However, such a reduction is not possible in the relativistic case. For a bounded relativistic motion, the first order correction to the period is determined for any value of $n$. For $n >> 1$, it is found that the correction is just twice that one deduced for the simple harmonic oscillator ($n=2$), and does not depend on the specific value of $n$.
1409.3046
Rafael Ribeiro
Rafael Ribeiro and Jorge P\'aramos
Dynamical analysis of nonminimal coupled theories
13 pages, 10 figures, 7 tables. Published version
Phys. Rev. D 90, 124065, 2014
10.1103/PhysRevD.90.124065
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this work a dynamical system approach to nonminimal coupled f(R) theories is made. The solutions of three distinct models are obtained and their stability and physical interpretation are studied to ascertain their viability as candidates for dark energy. Comparison is drawn with previous works in the context of f(R) and nonminimally coupled models.
[ { "created": "Wed, 10 Sep 2014 12:46:40 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 5 Jan 2015 01:53:57 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2015-01-06
[ [ "Ribeiro", "Rafael", "" ], [ "Páramos", "Jorge", "" ] ]
In this work a dynamical system approach to nonminimal coupled f(R) theories is made. The solutions of three distinct models are obtained and their stability and physical interpretation are studied to ascertain their viability as candidates for dark energy. Comparison is drawn with previous works in the context of f(R) and nonminimally coupled models.
gr-qc/0403020
Valerio Faraoni
Valerio Faraoni (University of Northern British Columbia)
Singularities in scalar-tensor gravity
6 pages, LaTeX
Phys.Rev. D70 (2004) 047301
10.1103/PhysRevD.70.047301
null
gr-qc
null
The analysis of certain singularities in scalar-tensor gravity contained in a recent paper is completed, and situations are pointed out in which these singularities cannot occur.
[ { "created": "Wed, 3 Mar 2004 22:15:26 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-11-10
[ [ "Faraoni", "Valerio", "", "University of Northern British Columbia" ] ]
The analysis of certain singularities in scalar-tensor gravity contained in a recent paper is completed, and situations are pointed out in which these singularities cannot occur.
2006.14928
Shankar Dayal Pathak
A Kundu, S D Pathak, and V K Ojha
Interacting tachyonic scalar field
V1
Commun. Theor. Phys. 73 025402(2021)
10.1088/1572-9494/abcfb1
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We discuss the coupling between dark energy and matter by considering a homogeneous tachyonic scalar field as a candidate for dark energy. We obtained the functional form of scale factor by assuming that the coupling strength depends linearly on the Hubble parameter and energy density. We also estimated the cosmic age of the universe for different values of coupling constant.
[ { "created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 02:57:58 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sun, 3 Jan 2021 19:18:13 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2021-01-27
[ [ "Kundu", "A", "" ], [ "Pathak", "S D", "" ], [ "Ojha", "V K", "" ] ]
We discuss the coupling between dark energy and matter by considering a homogeneous tachyonic scalar field as a candidate for dark energy. We obtained the functional form of scale factor by assuming that the coupling strength depends linearly on the Hubble parameter and energy density. We also estimated the cosmic age of the universe for different values of coupling constant.
gr-qc/9607074
Maurice van Putten
Maurice H.P.M. van Putten
Approximate Black Holes for Numerical Relativity
Postscript, 2 figures
Phys.Rev.D54:5931-5934,1996
10.1103/PhysRevD.54.R5931
null
gr-qc
null
Spherically symmetric solutions in Brans-Dicke theory of relativity with zero coupling constant, $\omega=0$, are derived in the Schwarzschild line-element. The solutions are obtained from a cubic transition equation with one small parameter. The exterior space-time of one family of solutions is arbitrarily close to the exterior Schwarzschild space-time. These nontopological solitons have some similarity with soliton stars, and are proposed as candidates for {\em approximate black holes} for the use in numerical relativity, in particular for treatment of horizon boundary conditions.
[ { "created": "Tue, 30 Jul 1996 19:12:21 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-12-30
[ [ "van Putten", "Maurice H. P. M.", "" ] ]
Spherically symmetric solutions in Brans-Dicke theory of relativity with zero coupling constant, $\omega=0$, are derived in the Schwarzschild line-element. The solutions are obtained from a cubic transition equation with one small parameter. The exterior space-time of one family of solutions is arbitrarily close to the exterior Schwarzschild space-time. These nontopological solitons have some similarity with soliton stars, and are proposed as candidates for {\em approximate black holes} for the use in numerical relativity, in particular for treatment of horizon boundary conditions.
1705.09662
Lavinia Heisenberg
Lavinia Heisenberg, Ryotaro Kase, Masato Minamitsuji and Shinji Tsujikawa
Hairy black-hole solutions in generalized Proca theories
5 pages, 1 figure, published version
Phys. Rev. D 96, 084049 (2017)
10.1103/PhysRevD.96.084049
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We present a family of exact black-hole solutions on a static spherically symmetric background in second-order generalized Proca theories with derivative vector-field interactions coupled to gravity. We also derive non-exact solutions in power-law coupling models including vector Galileons and numerically show the existence of regular black holes with a primary hair associated with the longitudinal propagation. The intrinsic vector-field derivative interactions generally give rise to a secondary hair induced by non-trivial field profiles. The deviation from General Relativity is most significant around the horizon and hence there is a golden opportunity for probing the Proca hair by the measurements of gravitational waves (GWs) in the regime of strong gravity.
[ { "created": "Fri, 26 May 2017 18:00:01 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 26 Oct 2017 15:27:08 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2017-11-01
[ [ "Heisenberg", "Lavinia", "" ], [ "Kase", "Ryotaro", "" ], [ "Minamitsuji", "Masato", "" ], [ "Tsujikawa", "Shinji", "" ] ]
We present a family of exact black-hole solutions on a static spherically symmetric background in second-order generalized Proca theories with derivative vector-field interactions coupled to gravity. We also derive non-exact solutions in power-law coupling models including vector Galileons and numerically show the existence of regular black holes with a primary hair associated with the longitudinal propagation. The intrinsic vector-field derivative interactions generally give rise to a secondary hair induced by non-trivial field profiles. The deviation from General Relativity is most significant around the horizon and hence there is a golden opportunity for probing the Proca hair by the measurements of gravitational waves (GWs) in the regime of strong gravity.
gr-qc/9608027
Manuela Campanelli
Manuela Campanelli (U. Bern) and Carlos O. Lousto (U. Utah)
Semiclassical models for uniform-density Cosmic Strings and Relativistic Stars
19 pages, REVTEX, no figures
Int.J.Mod.Phys. D6 (1997) 771-784
10.1142/S0218271897000455
null
gr-qc hep-th
null
In this paper we show how quantum corrections, although perturbatively small, may play an important role in the analysis of the existence of some classical models. This, in fact, appears to be the case of static, uniform--density models of the interior metric of cosmic strings and neutron stars. We consider the fourth order semiclassical equations and first look for perturbative solutions in the coupling constants $\alpha$ and $\beta$ of the quadratic curvature terms in the effective gravitational Lagrangian. We find that there is not a consistent solution; neither for strings nor for spherical stars. We then look for non--perturbative solutions and find an explicit approximate metric for the case of straight cosmic strings. We finally analyse the contribution of the non--local terms to the renormalized energy--momentum tensor and the possibility of this terms to allow for a perturbative solution. We explicitly build up a particular renormalized energy--momentum tensor to fulfill that end. These state--dependent corrections are found by simple considerations of symmetry, conservation law and trace anomaly, and are chosen to compensate for the local terms. However, they are not only ad hoc, but have to depend on $\alpha$ and $\beta$, what is not expected to first perturbative order. We then conclude that non--perturbative solutions are valuable for describing certain physical situations.
[ { "created": "Sat, 10 Aug 1996 22:50:06 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-10-28
[ [ "Campanelli", "Manuela", "", "U. Bern" ], [ "Lousto", "Carlos O.", "", "U. Utah" ] ]
In this paper we show how quantum corrections, although perturbatively small, may play an important role in the analysis of the existence of some classical models. This, in fact, appears to be the case of static, uniform--density models of the interior metric of cosmic strings and neutron stars. We consider the fourth order semiclassical equations and first look for perturbative solutions in the coupling constants $\alpha$ and $\beta$ of the quadratic curvature terms in the effective gravitational Lagrangian. We find that there is not a consistent solution; neither for strings nor for spherical stars. We then look for non--perturbative solutions and find an explicit approximate metric for the case of straight cosmic strings. We finally analyse the contribution of the non--local terms to the renormalized energy--momentum tensor and the possibility of this terms to allow for a perturbative solution. We explicitly build up a particular renormalized energy--momentum tensor to fulfill that end. These state--dependent corrections are found by simple considerations of symmetry, conservation law and trace anomaly, and are chosen to compensate for the local terms. However, they are not only ad hoc, but have to depend on $\alpha$ and $\beta$, what is not expected to first perturbative order. We then conclude that non--perturbative solutions are valuable for describing certain physical situations.
1506.05207
Supratik Sarkar
Supratik Sarkar and Arijit Bhattacharyay
Effects of the Quantum Potential on lower dimensional models of analogue gravity
9 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1405.1865
Phys. Rev. D 93, 024050 (2016)
10.1103/PhysRevD.93.024050
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We address the issues related to the presence of the quantum potential term in a BEC on the observable Analogue Gravity systems. We show that the quantum potential term apparently gives rise to massive scalar excitations of length scales of the order $\mathcal{O}(1/\xi)$ in the lower dimensional space. Since, in 'analogue models', there is a window for experimental observations generally in (2 + 1) or even lower dimensional space, one has to take proper account of the presence of these massive excitations to interpret the results.
[ { "created": "Wed, 17 Jun 2015 05:10:45 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 4 Dec 2015 19:53:49 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 7 Dec 2015 21:51:43 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Tue, 8 Aug 2017 11:28:37 GMT", "version": "v4" } ]
2017-08-09
[ [ "Sarkar", "Supratik", "" ], [ "Bhattacharyay", "Arijit", "" ] ]
We address the issues related to the presence of the quantum potential term in a BEC on the observable Analogue Gravity systems. We show that the quantum potential term apparently gives rise to massive scalar excitations of length scales of the order $\mathcal{O}(1/\xi)$ in the lower dimensional space. Since, in 'analogue models', there is a window for experimental observations generally in (2 + 1) or even lower dimensional space, one has to take proper account of the presence of these massive excitations to interpret the results.
1911.09520
Subenoy Chakraborty
Santu Mondal, Sourav Dutta and Subenoy Chakraborty
Variable $G$ and $\Lambda$ gravity theory and analytical Cosmological Solutions using Noether symmetry approach
10 pages, 6 figures
Gen.Rel.Grav. 51 (2019) no.9, 105
10.1007/s10714-019-2595-1
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The present work deals with scalar field cosmology in the framework of a quantum gravity modified Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian with variable $G$ and $\Lambda$. Using Renormalization group, variable $G$ behaves as a minimally coupled filed (not the scalar-tensor theory) and variable $\Lambda$ can be interpreted as a potential function. The point Lagrangian for this model in the background of homogeneous and isotropic flat FLRW space-time model experiences point-like Noether symmetry and equivalent potential function $\Lambda(G)$ is determined. Using a point transformation in the $3D$ augmented space is found that one of the variable become cyclic and as a consequence there is considerable simplification to the physical system. Lastly, the constants of motion can be written in compact form and it is possible to have analytic cosmological solutions in the present context.
[ { "created": "Wed, 20 Nov 2019 11:18:03 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2019-11-22
[ [ "Mondal", "Santu", "" ], [ "Dutta", "Sourav", "" ], [ "Chakraborty", "Subenoy", "" ] ]
The present work deals with scalar field cosmology in the framework of a quantum gravity modified Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian with variable $G$ and $\Lambda$. Using Renormalization group, variable $G$ behaves as a minimally coupled filed (not the scalar-tensor theory) and variable $\Lambda$ can be interpreted as a potential function. The point Lagrangian for this model in the background of homogeneous and isotropic flat FLRW space-time model experiences point-like Noether symmetry and equivalent potential function $\Lambda(G)$ is determined. Using a point transformation in the $3D$ augmented space is found that one of the variable become cyclic and as a consequence there is considerable simplification to the physical system. Lastly, the constants of motion can be written in compact form and it is possible to have analytic cosmological solutions in the present context.
gr-qc/0604122
Bojan Losic
B. Losic and W.G. Unruh
On leading order gravitational backreactions in de Sitter spacetime
12 pages, no figures, typos corrected and some clarifying comments added, version accepted by Phys. Rev. D
Phys.Rev. D74 (2006) 023511
10.1103/PhysRevD.74.023511
null
gr-qc
null
Backreactions are considered in a de Sitter spacetime whose cosmological constant is generated by the potential of scalar field. The leading order gravitational effect of nonlinear matter fluctuations is analyzed and it is found that the initial value problem for the perturbed Einstein equations possesses linearization instabilities. We show that these linearization instabilities can be avoided by assuming strict de Sitter invariance of the quantum states of the linearized fluctuations. We furthermore show that quantum anomalies do not block the invariance requirement. This invariance constraint applies to the entire spectrum of states, from the vacuum to the excited states (should they exist), and is in that sense much stronger than the usual Poincare invariance requirement of the Minkowski vacuum alone. Thus to leading order in their effect on the gravitational field, the quantum states of the matter and metric fluctuations must be de Sitter invariant.
[ { "created": "Fri, 28 Apr 2006 03:05:01 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 6 Jun 2006 17:56:35 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-11-11
[ [ "Losic", "B.", "" ], [ "Unruh", "W. G.", "" ] ]
Backreactions are considered in a de Sitter spacetime whose cosmological constant is generated by the potential of scalar field. The leading order gravitational effect of nonlinear matter fluctuations is analyzed and it is found that the initial value problem for the perturbed Einstein equations possesses linearization instabilities. We show that these linearization instabilities can be avoided by assuming strict de Sitter invariance of the quantum states of the linearized fluctuations. We furthermore show that quantum anomalies do not block the invariance requirement. This invariance constraint applies to the entire spectrum of states, from the vacuum to the excited states (should they exist), and is in that sense much stronger than the usual Poincare invariance requirement of the Minkowski vacuum alone. Thus to leading order in their effect on the gravitational field, the quantum states of the matter and metric fluctuations must be de Sitter invariant.
2406.08363
Oliver Long
Oliver Long, Christopher Whittall, Leor Barack
Black hole scattering near the transition to plunge: Self-force and resummation of post-Minkowskian theory
15 pages, 9 figures; v2 minor typographic changes; v3 minor edits to match published version
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Geodesic scattering of a test particle off a Schwarzschild black hole can be parameterized by the speed-at-infinity $v$ and the impact parameter $b$, with a "separatrix", $b=b_c(v)$, marking the threshold between scattering and plunge. Near the separatrix, the scattering angle diverges as $\sim\log(b-b_c)$. The self-force correction to the scattering angle (at fixed $v,b$) diverges even faster, like $\sim A_1(v)b_c/(b-b_c)$. Here we numerically calculate the divergence coefficient $A_1(v)$ in a scalar-charge toy model. We then use our knowledge of $A_1(v)$ to inform a resummation of the post-Minkowskian expansion for the scattering angle, and demonstrate that the resummed series agrees remarkably well with numerical self-force results even in the strong-field regime. We propose that a similar resummation technique, applied to a mass particle subject to a gravitational self-force, can significantly enhance the utility and regime of validity of post-Minkowskian calculations for black-hole scattering.
[ { "created": "Wed, 12 Jun 2024 16:13:13 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 26 Jun 2024 11:46:17 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Fri, 26 Jul 2024 15:15:50 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2024-07-29
[ [ "Long", "Oliver", "" ], [ "Whittall", "Christopher", "" ], [ "Barack", "Leor", "" ] ]
Geodesic scattering of a test particle off a Schwarzschild black hole can be parameterized by the speed-at-infinity $v$ and the impact parameter $b$, with a "separatrix", $b=b_c(v)$, marking the threshold between scattering and plunge. Near the separatrix, the scattering angle diverges as $\sim\log(b-b_c)$. The self-force correction to the scattering angle (at fixed $v,b$) diverges even faster, like $\sim A_1(v)b_c/(b-b_c)$. Here we numerically calculate the divergence coefficient $A_1(v)$ in a scalar-charge toy model. We then use our knowledge of $A_1(v)$ to inform a resummation of the post-Minkowskian expansion for the scattering angle, and demonstrate that the resummed series agrees remarkably well with numerical self-force results even in the strong-field regime. We propose that a similar resummation technique, applied to a mass particle subject to a gravitational self-force, can significantly enhance the utility and regime of validity of post-Minkowskian calculations for black-hole scattering.
gr-qc/0508100
Daniel Sudarsky
Alejandro Perez, Hanno Sahlmann, and Daniel Sudarsky
On the quantum origin of the seeds of cosmic structure
replacement with final version to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Class.Quant.Grav. 23 (2006) 2317-2354
10.1088/0264-9381/23/7/008
null
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th quant-ph
null
The current understanding of the quantum origin of cosmic structure is discussed critically. We point out that in the existing treatments a transition from a symmetric quantum state to an (essentially classical) non-symmetric state is implicitly assumed, but not specified or analyzed in any detail. In facing the issue we are led to conclude that new physics is required to explain the apparent predictive power of the usual schemes. Furthermore we show that the novel way of looking at the relevant issues opens new windows from where relevant information might be extracted regarding cosmological issues and perhaps even clues about aspects of quantum gravity.
[ { "created": "Wed, 24 Aug 2005 13:54:34 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 25 Aug 2005 00:15:43 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Sat, 25 Feb 2006 19:55:57 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2015-06-25
[ [ "Perez", "Alejandro", "" ], [ "Sahlmann", "Hanno", "" ], [ "Sudarsky", "Daniel", "" ] ]
The current understanding of the quantum origin of cosmic structure is discussed critically. We point out that in the existing treatments a transition from a symmetric quantum state to an (essentially classical) non-symmetric state is implicitly assumed, but not specified or analyzed in any detail. In facing the issue we are led to conclude that new physics is required to explain the apparent predictive power of the usual schemes. Furthermore we show that the novel way of looking at the relevant issues opens new windows from where relevant information might be extracted regarding cosmological issues and perhaps even clues about aspects of quantum gravity.
1501.04181
Ward Struyve
Felipe Tovar Falciano, Nelson Pinto-Neto, Ward Struyve
Wheeler-DeWitt quantization and singularities
10 pages, 3 figures, PDFLaTeX, revtex4
Phys. Rev. D 91, 043524 (2015)
10.1103/PhysRevD.91.043524
null
gr-qc hep-th quant-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We consider a Bohmian approach to the Wheeler-DeWitt quantization of the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model and investigate the question whether or not there are singularities, in the sense that the universe reaches zero volume. We find that for generic wave functions (i.e., non-classical wave functions), there is a non-zero probability for a trajectory to be non-singular. This should be contrasted to the consistent histories approach for which it was recently shown by Craig and Singh that there is always a singularity. This result illustrates that the question of singularities depends much on which version of quantum theory one adopts. This was already pointed out by Pinto-Neto et al., albeit with a different Bohmian approach. Our current Bohmian approach agrees with the consistent histories approach by Craig and Singh for single-time histories, unlike the one studied earlier by Pinto-Neto et al. Although the trajectories are usually different in the two Bohmian approach, their qualitative behavior is the same for generic wave functions.
[ { "created": "Sat, 17 Jan 2015 09:32:54 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2015-02-24
[ [ "Falciano", "Felipe Tovar", "" ], [ "Pinto-Neto", "Nelson", "" ], [ "Struyve", "Ward", "" ] ]
We consider a Bohmian approach to the Wheeler-DeWitt quantization of the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker model and investigate the question whether or not there are singularities, in the sense that the universe reaches zero volume. We find that for generic wave functions (i.e., non-classical wave functions), there is a non-zero probability for a trajectory to be non-singular. This should be contrasted to the consistent histories approach for which it was recently shown by Craig and Singh that there is always a singularity. This result illustrates that the question of singularities depends much on which version of quantum theory one adopts. This was already pointed out by Pinto-Neto et al., albeit with a different Bohmian approach. Our current Bohmian approach agrees with the consistent histories approach by Craig and Singh for single-time histories, unlike the one studied earlier by Pinto-Neto et al. Although the trajectories are usually different in the two Bohmian approach, their qualitative behavior is the same for generic wave functions.
gr-qc/9509054
James Hartle
Murray Gell-Mann (Santa Fe Institute, Los Alamos, University of New Mexico) and James B. Hartle (University of California, Santa Barbara)
Strong Decoherence
27pages, uses REVTEX 3.0, minor corrections
in Proceedings of the 4th Drexel Conference on Quantum Non-Integrability: The Quantum-Classical Correspondence, ed by D.-H. Feng and B.-L. Hu, International Press of Boston, Hong Kong (1998)
null
UCSBTH-95-28
gr-qc hep-th quant-ph
null
We introduce a condition for the strong decoherence of a set of alternative histories of a closed quantum-mechanical system such as the universe. The condition applies, for a pure initial state, to sets of homogeneous histories that are chains of projections, generally branch-dependent. Strong decoherence implies the consistency of probability sum rules but not every set of consistent or even medium decoherent histories is strongly decoherent. Two conditions characterize a strongly decoherent set of histories: (1) At any time the operators that effectively commute with generalized records of history up to that moment provide the pool from which -- with suitable adjustment for elapsed time -- the chains of projections extending history to the future may be drawn. (2) Under the adjustment process, generalized record operators acting on the initial state of the universe are approximately unchanged. This expresses the permanence of generalized records. The strong decoherence conditions (1) and (2) guarantee what we call ``permanence of the past'' -- in particular the continued decoherence of past alternatives as the chains of projections are extended into the future. Strong decoherence is an idealization capturing in a general way this and other aspects of realistic physical mechanisms that destroy interference, as we illustrate in a simple model. We discuss the connection between the reduced density matrices that have often been used to characterize mechanisms of decoherence and the more general notion of strong decoherence. The relation between strong decoherence and a measure of classicality is briefly described.
[ { "created": "Thu, 28 Sep 1995 00:27:21 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 28 Sep 1995 17:47:35 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Sun, 29 Oct 1995 21:48:18 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Thu, 23 Nov 1995 19:46:38 GMT", "version": "v4" } ]
2008-02-03
[ [ "Gell-Mann", "Murray", "", "Santa Fe Institute, Los Alamos, University of New\n Mexico" ], [ "Hartle", "James B.", "", "University of California, Santa Barbara" ] ]
We introduce a condition for the strong decoherence of a set of alternative histories of a closed quantum-mechanical system such as the universe. The condition applies, for a pure initial state, to sets of homogeneous histories that are chains of projections, generally branch-dependent. Strong decoherence implies the consistency of probability sum rules but not every set of consistent or even medium decoherent histories is strongly decoherent. Two conditions characterize a strongly decoherent set of histories: (1) At any time the operators that effectively commute with generalized records of history up to that moment provide the pool from which -- with suitable adjustment for elapsed time -- the chains of projections extending history to the future may be drawn. (2) Under the adjustment process, generalized record operators acting on the initial state of the universe are approximately unchanged. This expresses the permanence of generalized records. The strong decoherence conditions (1) and (2) guarantee what we call ``permanence of the past'' -- in particular the continued decoherence of past alternatives as the chains of projections are extended into the future. Strong decoherence is an idealization capturing in a general way this and other aspects of realistic physical mechanisms that destroy interference, as we illustrate in a simple model. We discuss the connection between the reduced density matrices that have often been used to characterize mechanisms of decoherence and the more general notion of strong decoherence. The relation between strong decoherence and a measure of classicality is briefly described.
2206.06516
Jeferson de Oliveira
B. Cuadros-Melgar, R. D. B. Fontana, Jeferson de Oliveira
Gauss-Bonnet black holes in (2+1) dimensions: Perturbative aspects and entropy features
27 pages, 4 figures
Phys, Rev. D 106, 124007 (2022)
10.1103/PhysRevD.106.124007
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We investigate some aspects of the $(2+1)$-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet black hole proposed in [1][2]. The perturbations of scalar and massless spinorial fields are studied suggesting the dynamical stability of the geometry. The field evolution is analyzed calculating the quasinormal modes for different parameters and exploring the influence of the coupling constant of the theory. The hydrodynamical modes are also obtained in the small coupling limit. Furthermore, the entropy bound and the dominant semiclassical correction to the black hole entropy are calculated.
[ { "created": "Mon, 13 Jun 2022 23:02:18 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2024-01-31
[ [ "Cuadros-Melgar", "B.", "" ], [ "Fontana", "R. D. B.", "" ], [ "de Oliveira", "Jeferson", "" ] ]
We investigate some aspects of the $(2+1)$-dimensional Gauss-Bonnet black hole proposed in [1][2]. The perturbations of scalar and massless spinorial fields are studied suggesting the dynamical stability of the geometry. The field evolution is analyzed calculating the quasinormal modes for different parameters and exploring the influence of the coupling constant of the theory. The hydrodynamical modes are also obtained in the small coupling limit. Furthermore, the entropy bound and the dominant semiclassical correction to the black hole entropy are calculated.
0804.1410
Tomohiro Harada
Masanori Kyo, Tomohiro Harada, Hideki Maeda
Asymptotically Friedmann self-similar scalar field solutions with potential
accepted for publication in Physical Review D, minor correction, typos corrected
Phys.Rev.D77:124036,2008
10.1103/PhysRevD.77.124036
CECS-PHY-08/04
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We investigate self-similar solutions which are asymptotic to the Friedmann universe at spatial infinity and contain a scalar field with potential. The potential is required to be exponential by self-similarity. It is found that there are two distinct one-parameter families of asymptotic solutions,one is asymptotic to the proper Friedmann universe, while the other is asymptotic to the quasi-Friedmann universe, i.e., the Friedmann universe with anomalous solid angle. The asymptotically proper Friedmann solution is possible only if the universe is accelerated or the potential is negative. If the potential is positive, the density perturbation in the asymptotically proper Friedmann solution rapidly falls off at spatial infinity, while the mass perturbation is compensated. In the asymptotically quasi-Friedmann solution, the density perturbation falls off only in proportion to the inverse square of the areal radius and the relative mass perturbation approaches a nonzero constant at spatial infinity. The present result shows that a necessary condition holds in order that a self-gravitating body grows self-similarly due to the constant accretion of quintessence in an accelerating universe.
[ { "created": "Wed, 9 Apr 2008 05:52:05 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 9 May 2008 02:29:55 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 16 Jun 2008 05:07:46 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Kyo", "Masanori", "" ], [ "Harada", "Tomohiro", "" ], [ "Maeda", "Hideki", "" ] ]
We investigate self-similar solutions which are asymptotic to the Friedmann universe at spatial infinity and contain a scalar field with potential. The potential is required to be exponential by self-similarity. It is found that there are two distinct one-parameter families of asymptotic solutions,one is asymptotic to the proper Friedmann universe, while the other is asymptotic to the quasi-Friedmann universe, i.e., the Friedmann universe with anomalous solid angle. The asymptotically proper Friedmann solution is possible only if the universe is accelerated or the potential is negative. If the potential is positive, the density perturbation in the asymptotically proper Friedmann solution rapidly falls off at spatial infinity, while the mass perturbation is compensated. In the asymptotically quasi-Friedmann solution, the density perturbation falls off only in proportion to the inverse square of the areal radius and the relative mass perturbation approaches a nonzero constant at spatial infinity. The present result shows that a necessary condition holds in order that a self-gravitating body grows self-similarly due to the constant accretion of quintessence in an accelerating universe.
2101.08289
Boris Daszuta
Boris Daszuta, Francesco Zappa, William Cook, David Radice, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, Viktoriya Morozova
GRAthena++: puncture evolutions on vertex-centered oct-tree AMR
null
null
10.3847/1538-4365/ac157b
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Numerical relativity is central to the investigation of astrophysical sources in the dynamical and strong-field gravity regime, such as binary black hole and neutron star coalescences. Current challenges set by gravitational-wave and multi-messenger astronomy call for highly performant and scalable codes on modern massively-parallel architectures. We present GR-Athena++, a general-relativistic, high-order, vertex-centered solver that extends the oct-tree, adaptive mesh refinement capabilities of the astrophysical (radiation) magnetohydrodynamics code Athena++. To simulate dynamical space-times GR-Athena++ uses the Z4c evolution scheme of numerical relativity coupled to the moving puncture gauge. We demonstrate stable and accurate binary black hole merger evolutions via extensive convergence testing, cross-code validation, and verification against state-of-the-art effective-one-body waveforms. GR-Athena++ leverages the task-based parallelism paradigm of Athena++ to achieve excellent scalability. We measure strong scaling efficiencies above $95\%$ for up to $\sim 1.2\times10^4$ CPUs and excellent weak scaling is shown up to $\sim 10^5$ CPUs in a production binary black hole setup with adaptive mesh refinement. GR-Athena++ thus allows for the robust simulation of compact binary coalescences and offers a viable path towards numerical relativity at exascale.
[ { "created": "Wed, 20 Jan 2021 19:08:08 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2022-11-04
[ [ "Daszuta", "Boris", "" ], [ "Zappa", "Francesco", "" ], [ "Cook", "William", "" ], [ "Radice", "David", "" ], [ "Bernuzzi", "Sebastiano", "" ], [ "Morozova", "Viktoriya", "" ] ]
Numerical relativity is central to the investigation of astrophysical sources in the dynamical and strong-field gravity regime, such as binary black hole and neutron star coalescences. Current challenges set by gravitational-wave and multi-messenger astronomy call for highly performant and scalable codes on modern massively-parallel architectures. We present GR-Athena++, a general-relativistic, high-order, vertex-centered solver that extends the oct-tree, adaptive mesh refinement capabilities of the astrophysical (radiation) magnetohydrodynamics code Athena++. To simulate dynamical space-times GR-Athena++ uses the Z4c evolution scheme of numerical relativity coupled to the moving puncture gauge. We demonstrate stable and accurate binary black hole merger evolutions via extensive convergence testing, cross-code validation, and verification against state-of-the-art effective-one-body waveforms. GR-Athena++ leverages the task-based parallelism paradigm of Athena++ to achieve excellent scalability. We measure strong scaling efficiencies above $95\%$ for up to $\sim 1.2\times10^4$ CPUs and excellent weak scaling is shown up to $\sim 10^5$ CPUs in a production binary black hole setup with adaptive mesh refinement. GR-Athena++ thus allows for the robust simulation of compact binary coalescences and offers a viable path towards numerical relativity at exascale.
0708.0593
Alain Ulacia Rey A.Ulacia Rey
A. Ulacia Rey, A. Perez Martinez and Roberto A. Sussman
Local dynamics and gravitational collapse of a self-gravitating magnetized Fermi gas
6 pages, 3 figures (accepted in General Relativity and Gravitation)
Gen.Rel.Grav.40:1499-1510,2008
10.1007/s10714-007-0542-z
null
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
null
We use the Bianchi-I spacetime to study the local dynamics of a magnetized self-gravitating Fermi gas. The set of Einstein-Maxwell field equations for this gas becomes a dynamical system in a 4-dimensional phase space. We consider a qualitative study and examine numeric solutions for the degenerate zero temperature case. All dynamic quantities exhibit similar qualitative behavior in the 3-dimensional sections of the phase space, with all trajectories reaching a stable attractor whenever the initial expansion scalar H_{0} is negative. If H_{0} is positive, and depending on initial conditions, the trajectories end up in a curvature singularity that could be isotropic(singular "point") or anisotropic (singular "line"). In particular, for a sufficiently large initial value of the magnetic field it is always possible to obtain an anisotropic type of singularity in which the "line" points in the same direction of the field.
[ { "created": "Fri, 3 Aug 2007 23:15:42 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 28 Nov 2007 00:03:22 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2008-12-16
[ [ "Rey", "A. Ulacia", "" ], [ "Martinez", "A. Perez", "" ], [ "Sussman", "Roberto A.", "" ] ]
We use the Bianchi-I spacetime to study the local dynamics of a magnetized self-gravitating Fermi gas. The set of Einstein-Maxwell field equations for this gas becomes a dynamical system in a 4-dimensional phase space. We consider a qualitative study and examine numeric solutions for the degenerate zero temperature case. All dynamic quantities exhibit similar qualitative behavior in the 3-dimensional sections of the phase space, with all trajectories reaching a stable attractor whenever the initial expansion scalar H_{0} is negative. If H_{0} is positive, and depending on initial conditions, the trajectories end up in a curvature singularity that could be isotropic(singular "point") or anisotropic (singular "line"). In particular, for a sufficiently large initial value of the magnetic field it is always possible to obtain an anisotropic type of singularity in which the "line" points in the same direction of the field.
1506.02479
Philip D. Mannheim
Philip D. Mannheim
Comment on "Problems with Mannheim's conformal gravity program"
4 pages, revtex4. Final version, to appear as a Comment in Phys. Rev. D. Note change in title
null
10.1103/PhysRevD.93.068501
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Recently in Phys. Rev. D 88, 027504 (2013) Yoon has suggested that there may be problems for the non-relativistic limit of the conformal gravity theory. Here we show that Yoon's results only hold because of the assumption that gravitational sources can be treated the same way that they are treated in standard Newton-Einstein gravity. Since such an assumption violates the theory's underlying conformal invariance,Yoon's conclusions are invalidated.
[ { "created": "Mon, 8 Jun 2015 13:17:48 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 8 Mar 2016 20:32:39 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2016-04-20
[ [ "Mannheim", "Philip D.", "" ] ]
Recently in Phys. Rev. D 88, 027504 (2013) Yoon has suggested that there may be problems for the non-relativistic limit of the conformal gravity theory. Here we show that Yoon's results only hold because of the assumption that gravitational sources can be treated the same way that they are treated in standard Newton-Einstein gravity. Since such an assumption violates the theory's underlying conformal invariance,Yoon's conclusions are invalidated.
2001.11484
Alexandru Dima
Alexandru Dima and Enrico Barausse
Numerical investigation of plasma-driven superradiant instabilities
30 pages, 7 figures. Minor changes to match version accepted by CQG
Class. Quantum Grav. 37 175006 (2020)
10.1088/1361-6382/ab9ce0
null
gr-qc astro-ph.HE
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Photons propagating in a plasma acquire an effective mass $\mu$, which is given by the plasma frequency and which scales with the square root of the plasma density. As noted previously by Conlon and Herdeiro, for electron number densities $n_e\sim 10^{-3}$ cm$^{-3}$ (such as those measured in the interstellar medium) the effective mass induced by the plasma is $\mu \sim 10^{-12}$ eV. This would cause superradiant instabilities for spinning black holes of a few tens of solar masses. An obvious problem with this picture is that densities in the vicinity of black holes are much higher than in the interstellar medium because of accretion. We have conducted numerical simulations of the superradiant instability in spinning black holes surrounded by a plasma with density increasing closer to the black hole, in order to mimic the effect of accretion. While we confirm that superradiant instabilities appear for plasma densities that are sufficiently low near the black hole, we find that astrophysically realistic accretion disks are unlikely to trigger such instabilities.
[ { "created": "Thu, 30 Jan 2020 18:07:33 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 22 Jul 2020 12:04:11 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2020-08-07
[ [ "Dima", "Alexandru", "" ], [ "Barausse", "Enrico", "" ] ]
Photons propagating in a plasma acquire an effective mass $\mu$, which is given by the plasma frequency and which scales with the square root of the plasma density. As noted previously by Conlon and Herdeiro, for electron number densities $n_e\sim 10^{-3}$ cm$^{-3}$ (such as those measured in the interstellar medium) the effective mass induced by the plasma is $\mu \sim 10^{-12}$ eV. This would cause superradiant instabilities for spinning black holes of a few tens of solar masses. An obvious problem with this picture is that densities in the vicinity of black holes are much higher than in the interstellar medium because of accretion. We have conducted numerical simulations of the superradiant instability in spinning black holes surrounded by a plasma with density increasing closer to the black hole, in order to mimic the effect of accretion. While we confirm that superradiant instabilities appear for plasma densities that are sufficiently low near the black hole, we find that astrophysically realistic accretion disks are unlikely to trigger such instabilities.
1001.2578
Stephen R. Lau
Scott E. Field (1), Jan S. Hesthaven (1), Stephen R. Lau (2) ((1) Brown, (2) New Mexico)
Persistent junk solutions in time-domain modeling of extreme mass ratio binaries
Uses revtex4, 16 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables. Document reformatted and modified based on referee's report. Commentary added which addresses the possible presence of persistent junk solutions in other approaches for solving master wave equations
Phys.Rev.D81:124030,2010
10.1103/PhysRevD.81.124030
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In the context of metric perturbation theory for non-spinning black holes, extreme mass ratio binary (EMRB) systems are described by distributionally forced master wave equations. Numerical solution of a master wave equation as an initial boundary value problem requires initial data. However, because the correct initial data for generic-orbit systems is unknown, specification of trivial initial data is a common choice, despite being inconsistent and resulting in a solution which is initially discontinuous in time. As is well known, this choice leads to a "burst" of junk radiation which eventually propagates off the computational domain. We observe another unintended consequence of trivial initial data: development of a persistent spurious solution, here referred to as the Jost junk solution, which contaminates the physical solution for long times. This work studies the influence of both types of junk on metric perturbations, waveforms, and self-force measurements, and it demonstrates that smooth modified source terms mollify the Jost solution and reduce junk radiation. Our concluding section discusses the applicability of these observations to other numerical schemes and techniques used to solve distributionally forced master wave equations.
[ { "created": "Thu, 14 Jan 2010 22:59:29 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 28 May 2010 16:44:22 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2014-11-20
[ [ "Field", "Scott E.", "" ], [ "Hesthaven", "Jan S.", "" ], [ "Lau", "Stephen R.", "" ] ]
In the context of metric perturbation theory for non-spinning black holes, extreme mass ratio binary (EMRB) systems are described by distributionally forced master wave equations. Numerical solution of a master wave equation as an initial boundary value problem requires initial data. However, because the correct initial data for generic-orbit systems is unknown, specification of trivial initial data is a common choice, despite being inconsistent and resulting in a solution which is initially discontinuous in time. As is well known, this choice leads to a "burst" of junk radiation which eventually propagates off the computational domain. We observe another unintended consequence of trivial initial data: development of a persistent spurious solution, here referred to as the Jost junk solution, which contaminates the physical solution for long times. This work studies the influence of both types of junk on metric perturbations, waveforms, and self-force measurements, and it demonstrates that smooth modified source terms mollify the Jost solution and reduce junk radiation. Our concluding section discusses the applicability of these observations to other numerical schemes and techniques used to solve distributionally forced master wave equations.
gr-qc/9604015
Int. Lab. HTSC and Sse
Sergiu I. Vacaru
Spinors in Higher Dimensional and Locally Anisotropic Spaces
54 pages, Revtex, an extension of the paper published in J. Math. Phys. 37 (1996), 508--523
null
10.1063/1.531406
null
gr-qc dg-ga hep-th math.DG
null
The theory of spinors is developed for locally anisotropic (la) spaces, in brief la-spaces, which in general are modeled as vector bundles provided with nonlinear and distinguished connections and metric structures (such la-spaces contain as particular cases the Lagrange, Finsler and, for trivial nonlinear connections, Kaluza-Klein spaces). The la-spinor differential geometry is constructed. The distinguished spinor connections are studied and compared with similar ones on la-spaces. We derive the la-spinor expressions of curvatures and torsions and analyze the conditions when the distinguished torsion and nonmetricity tensors can be generated from distinguished spinor connections. The dynamical equations for gravitational and matter field la-interactions are formulated.
[ { "created": "Fri, 5 Apr 1996 14:28:00 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-10-28
[ [ "Vacaru", "Sergiu I.", "" ] ]
The theory of spinors is developed for locally anisotropic (la) spaces, in brief la-spaces, which in general are modeled as vector bundles provided with nonlinear and distinguished connections and metric structures (such la-spaces contain as particular cases the Lagrange, Finsler and, for trivial nonlinear connections, Kaluza-Klein spaces). The la-spinor differential geometry is constructed. The distinguished spinor connections are studied and compared with similar ones on la-spaces. We derive the la-spinor expressions of curvatures and torsions and analyze the conditions when the distinguished torsion and nonmetricity tensors can be generated from distinguished spinor connections. The dynamical equations for gravitational and matter field la-interactions are formulated.
1806.04086
Sudan Hansraj
Sudan Hansraj
Spherically symmetric isothermal fluids in $f(R,T)$ gravity
null
null
10.1140/epjc/s10052-018-6194-1
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We analyze the isothermal property in static fluid spheres within the framework of the modified $f(R, T)$ theory of gravitation. The equation of pressure isotropy of the standard Einstein theory is preserved however, the energy density and pressure are expressed in terms of both gravitational potentials. Invoking the isothermal prescription requires that the isotropy condition assumes the role of a consistency condition and an exact model generalizing that of general relativity is found. Moreover it is found that the Einstein model is unstable and acausal while the $f(R, T)$ counterpart is well behaved on account of the freedom available through an additional coupling constant. The case of a constant spatial gravitational potential is considered and the complete model is determined. This model is markedly different from its Einstein counterpart which is known to be isothermal. Dropping the restriction on the density and imposing a linear barotropic equation of state generates an exact solution and consequently a stellar distribution as the vanishing of the pressure is possible and a boundary hypersurface exists. Finally we comment on the case of relaxing the equation of state but demanding an inverse square fall-off of the density - this case proves intractable.
[ { "created": "Mon, 11 Jun 2018 16:15:37 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2018-09-26
[ [ "Hansraj", "Sudan", "" ] ]
We analyze the isothermal property in static fluid spheres within the framework of the modified $f(R, T)$ theory of gravitation. The equation of pressure isotropy of the standard Einstein theory is preserved however, the energy density and pressure are expressed in terms of both gravitational potentials. Invoking the isothermal prescription requires that the isotropy condition assumes the role of a consistency condition and an exact model generalizing that of general relativity is found. Moreover it is found that the Einstein model is unstable and acausal while the $f(R, T)$ counterpart is well behaved on account of the freedom available through an additional coupling constant. The case of a constant spatial gravitational potential is considered and the complete model is determined. This model is markedly different from its Einstein counterpart which is known to be isothermal. Dropping the restriction on the density and imposing a linear barotropic equation of state generates an exact solution and consequently a stellar distribution as the vanishing of the pressure is possible and a boundary hypersurface exists. Finally we comment on the case of relaxing the equation of state but demanding an inverse square fall-off of the density - this case proves intractable.
2101.06094
Daniel Coumbe
Daniel Coumbe
Is Asymptotically Weyl-Invariant Gravity Viable?
14 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables. References added. Conforms with version published in PRD
Phys. Rev. D 103, 084050 (2021)
10.1103/PhysRevD.103.084050
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
We explore the cosmological viability of a theory of gravity defined by the Lagrangian $f(\mathcal{R})=\mathcal{R}^{n\left(\mathcal{R}\right)}$ in the Palatini formalism, where $n\left(\mathcal{R}\right)$ is a dimensionless function of the Palatini scalar curvature $\mathcal{R}$ that interpolates between general relativity when $n\left(\mathcal{R}\right)=1$ and a locally scale-invariant and superficially renormalizable theory when $n\left(\mathcal{R}\right)=2$. We refer to this model as asymptotically Weyl-invariant gravity (AWIG). We analyse perhaps the simplest possible implementation of AWIG. A phase space analysis yields three fixed points with effective equation of states corresponding to de Sitter, radiation and matter-dominated phases. An analysis of the deceleration parameter suggests our model is consistent with an early and late period of accelerated cosmic expansion, with an intermediate period of decelerated expansion. We show that the model contains no obvious curvature singularities. Therefore, AWIG appears to be cosmologically viable, at least for the simple implementation explored.
[ { "created": "Fri, 15 Jan 2021 13:31:04 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 4 Mar 2021 11:27:18 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 27 Apr 2021 18:10:43 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2021-05-05
[ [ "Coumbe", "Daniel", "" ] ]
We explore the cosmological viability of a theory of gravity defined by the Lagrangian $f(\mathcal{R})=\mathcal{R}^{n\left(\mathcal{R}\right)}$ in the Palatini formalism, where $n\left(\mathcal{R}\right)$ is a dimensionless function of the Palatini scalar curvature $\mathcal{R}$ that interpolates between general relativity when $n\left(\mathcal{R}\right)=1$ and a locally scale-invariant and superficially renormalizable theory when $n\left(\mathcal{R}\right)=2$. We refer to this model as asymptotically Weyl-invariant gravity (AWIG). We analyse perhaps the simplest possible implementation of AWIG. A phase space analysis yields three fixed points with effective equation of states corresponding to de Sitter, radiation and matter-dominated phases. An analysis of the deceleration parameter suggests our model is consistent with an early and late period of accelerated cosmic expansion, with an intermediate period of decelerated expansion. We show that the model contains no obvious curvature singularities. Therefore, AWIG appears to be cosmologically viable, at least for the simple implementation explored.
2306.13218
Mouhssine Koussour
N. Myrzakulov, M. Koussour, and Dhruba Jyoti Gogoi
A new $f(Q)$ cosmological model with $H(z)$ quadratic expansion
Physics of the Dark Universe published version
null
10.1016/j.dark.2023.101268
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We present a new $f(Q)$ cosmological model capable of reproducing late-time acceleration, i.e. $f\left( Q\right) = \lambda_{0}\left( \lambda +Q\right) ^{n}$ by supporting certain parametrization of the Hubble parameter. By using observational data from Hubble, Pantheon, and Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) dataset, we investigate the constraints on the proposed quadratic Hubble parameter $H(z)$. This proposal caused the Universe to transition from its decelerated phase to its accelerated phase. Further, the current constrained value of the deceleration parameter from the combined Hubble+Pantheon+BAO dataset is $q_{0}=-0.285\pm 0.021$, which indicates that the Universe is accelerating. We also analyze the evolution of energy density, pressure, and EoS parameters to infer the Universe's accelerating behavior. Finally, we use a stability analysis with linear perturbations to assure the model's stability.
[ { "created": "Thu, 22 Jun 2023 21:39:51 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2023-06-26
[ [ "Myrzakulov", "N.", "" ], [ "Koussour", "M.", "" ], [ "Gogoi", "Dhruba Jyoti", "" ] ]
We present a new $f(Q)$ cosmological model capable of reproducing late-time acceleration, i.e. $f\left( Q\right) = \lambda_{0}\left( \lambda +Q\right) ^{n}$ by supporting certain parametrization of the Hubble parameter. By using observational data from Hubble, Pantheon, and Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) dataset, we investigate the constraints on the proposed quadratic Hubble parameter $H(z)$. This proposal caused the Universe to transition from its decelerated phase to its accelerated phase. Further, the current constrained value of the deceleration parameter from the combined Hubble+Pantheon+BAO dataset is $q_{0}=-0.285\pm 0.021$, which indicates that the Universe is accelerating. We also analyze the evolution of energy density, pressure, and EoS parameters to infer the Universe's accelerating behavior. Finally, we use a stability analysis with linear perturbations to assure the model's stability.
1308.5402
Shabbir Ghulam
Ghulam Shabbir, M. Ramzan and Suhail Khan
Classification of non conformally flat cylindrically symmetric non static space-times according to their proper conformal motions
9 pages
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper we considered the most general form of non conformally flat cylindrically symmetric non-static space-times to study proper conformal motions using direct integration technique. We have shown that very special classes for cylindrically symmetric space-times admit proper conformal motions. This classification also covers non-static and static plane symmetric space-times. In [9] it was claimed that non conformally flat plane symmetric static space-times do not admit proper conformal motion. Here it is also shown that static and non static plane symmetric space-times admit proper conformal motions. We also discuss the Lie algebra in each case.
[ { "created": "Sun, 25 Aug 2013 12:49:19 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2013-08-27
[ [ "Shabbir", "Ghulam", "" ], [ "Ramzan", "M.", "" ], [ "Khan", "Suhail", "" ] ]
In this paper we considered the most general form of non conformally flat cylindrically symmetric non-static space-times to study proper conformal motions using direct integration technique. We have shown that very special classes for cylindrically symmetric space-times admit proper conformal motions. This classification also covers non-static and static plane symmetric space-times. In [9] it was claimed that non conformally flat plane symmetric static space-times do not admit proper conformal motion. Here it is also shown that static and non static plane symmetric space-times admit proper conformal motions. We also discuss the Lie algebra in each case.
1105.6328
Alexandre Baranov
A.M.Baranov and R.V.Bikmurzin
Exact static solutions for fluid gravitating balls in homogeneous coordinates
3 pages, 2 figures. Proceedings of the International Conference on Gravitation, Cosmology, Astrophysics and Nonstationary Gas Dynamics, Delicated to Prof. K.P.Staniukovich's 90th birthday, Moscow, 2-6 March 2006
Gravition & Cosmology, Vol.12 (2006), No.2-3 (46-47), pp.103-105
null
null
gr-qc math-ph math.MP
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Two new classes of exact interior static solutions of the Einstein equations in homogeneous coordinates for a gravitating ball filled by a Pascal perfect fluid are obtained. Schwarzschild's interior solution of is a special case of these solutions.
[ { "created": "Tue, 31 May 2011 16:05:14 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2011-06-01
[ [ "Baranov", "A. M.", "" ], [ "Bikmurzin", "R. V.", "" ] ]
Two new classes of exact interior static solutions of the Einstein equations in homogeneous coordinates for a gravitating ball filled by a Pascal perfect fluid are obtained. Schwarzschild's interior solution of is a special case of these solutions.
2201.00226
James B. Hartle
James B. Hartle
Simplicial Quantum Gravity
14 pages, revtex4, content unchanged from ist version but typos and other small mistakes fixed
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th physics.hist-ph quant-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Simplicial approximation and the ideas associated with the Regge calculus.provide a concrete way of implementing a sum over histories formulation ofquantum gravity. A four-dimensional simplicial geometry is made up of flat four-simplices joined together.A sum over simplicial geometries is a sum over thedifferent ways the simplices can be joined together with an integral over their edge lengths.Theconstruction of the simplicial Euclidean action for this approach to quantum general relativity is illustrated. The recovery of the diffeomorphism group in the continuum limit is discussed. Some possible classes of simplicial complexes with which to define a sum over topologies are described.
[ { "created": "Sat, 1 Jan 2022 18:20:07 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 25 Jan 2022 22:07:04 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2022-01-27
[ [ "Hartle", "James B.", "" ] ]
Simplicial approximation and the ideas associated with the Regge calculus.provide a concrete way of implementing a sum over histories formulation ofquantum gravity. A four-dimensional simplicial geometry is made up of flat four-simplices joined together.A sum over simplicial geometries is a sum over thedifferent ways the simplices can be joined together with an integral over their edge lengths.Theconstruction of the simplicial Euclidean action for this approach to quantum general relativity is illustrated. The recovery of the diffeomorphism group in the continuum limit is discussed. Some possible classes of simplicial complexes with which to define a sum over topologies are described.
2207.10410
Harsh Narola
Harsh Narola, Soumen Roy, Anand S. Sengupta
Beyond general relativity: designing a template-based search for exotic gravitational wave signals
null
null
10.1103/PhysRevD.107.024017
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Accurate waveform models describing the complete evolution of compact binaries are crucial for the maximum likelihood detection framework, testing the predictions of General Relativity (GR) and investigating the possibility of an alternative theory of gravity. Deviations from GR could manifest in subtle variations of the numerical value of the GW signal's post-Newtonian (PN) phasing coefficients. Once the search pipelines confirm an unambiguous signal detection, deviations of the signal phasing coefficients at various PN orders are routinely measured and reported. As the search templates themselves do not incorporate any deviations from GR, they may miss astrophysical signals carrying a significant departure from general relativity. We present a parametrized template-based search for exotic gravitational-wave signals beyond General Relativity by incorporating deviations to the signal's phasing coefficients at different post-Newtonian orders in the search templates. We present critical aspects of the new search, such as improvements in search volume and its effect on various parts of the parameter space. In particular, we demonstrate a factor x2 increase in search sensitivity (at a fixed false-alarm rate) to beyond-GR exotic signals by using search templates that admit a range of departures from general relativity. We also present the results from a re-analysis of the 10-days long duration of LIGO's O1 data, including the epoch of the GW150914 event, highlighting the differences from a standard search. We indicate several directions for future research, including ways of making the proposed new search computationally more efficient.
[ { "created": "Thu, 21 Jul 2022 11:01:20 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2023-02-01
[ [ "Narola", "Harsh", "" ], [ "Roy", "Soumen", "" ], [ "Sengupta", "Anand S.", "" ] ]
Accurate waveform models describing the complete evolution of compact binaries are crucial for the maximum likelihood detection framework, testing the predictions of General Relativity (GR) and investigating the possibility of an alternative theory of gravity. Deviations from GR could manifest in subtle variations of the numerical value of the GW signal's post-Newtonian (PN) phasing coefficients. Once the search pipelines confirm an unambiguous signal detection, deviations of the signal phasing coefficients at various PN orders are routinely measured and reported. As the search templates themselves do not incorporate any deviations from GR, they may miss astrophysical signals carrying a significant departure from general relativity. We present a parametrized template-based search for exotic gravitational-wave signals beyond General Relativity by incorporating deviations to the signal's phasing coefficients at different post-Newtonian orders in the search templates. We present critical aspects of the new search, such as improvements in search volume and its effect on various parts of the parameter space. In particular, we demonstrate a factor x2 increase in search sensitivity (at a fixed false-alarm rate) to beyond-GR exotic signals by using search templates that admit a range of departures from general relativity. We also present the results from a re-analysis of the 10-days long duration of LIGO's O1 data, including the epoch of the GW150914 event, highlighting the differences from a standard search. We indicate several directions for future research, including ways of making the proposed new search computationally more efficient.
1509.01452
Chayan Ranjit
Chayan Ranjit, Prabir Rudra
Study of Some Cosmological Parameters for Interacting New Holographic Dark Energy Model in f(T) Gravity
12 pages, 12 figures, Accepted in International Journal of Modern Physics D
null
10.1142/S0218271816500085
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The present work is based on the idea of an interacting framework of new holographic dark energy with cold dark matter in the background of $f(T)$ gravity. Here, we have considered the flat modified Friedmann universe for $f(T)$ gravity which is filled with new Holographic dark energy and dark matter. We have derived some cosmological parameters like Deceleration parameter, EoS parameter, State-finder parameters, Cosmographic parameters, {\it Om} parameter and graphically investigated the nature of these parameters for the above mentioned interacting scenario. The results are found to be consistent with the accelerating universe. Also we have graphically investigated the trajectories in $\omega $--$ \omega'$ plane for different values of the interacting parameter and explored the freezing region and thawing region in $\omega $--$ \omega'$ plane. Finally, we have analyzed the stability of this model.
[ { "created": "Thu, 3 Sep 2015 15:39:44 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2016-02-17
[ [ "Ranjit", "Chayan", "" ], [ "Rudra", "Prabir", "" ] ]
The present work is based on the idea of an interacting framework of new holographic dark energy with cold dark matter in the background of $f(T)$ gravity. Here, we have considered the flat modified Friedmann universe for $f(T)$ gravity which is filled with new Holographic dark energy and dark matter. We have derived some cosmological parameters like Deceleration parameter, EoS parameter, State-finder parameters, Cosmographic parameters, {\it Om} parameter and graphically investigated the nature of these parameters for the above mentioned interacting scenario. The results are found to be consistent with the accelerating universe. Also we have graphically investigated the trajectories in $\omega $--$ \omega'$ plane for different values of the interacting parameter and explored the freezing region and thawing region in $\omega $--$ \omega'$ plane. Finally, we have analyzed the stability of this model.
1609.00700
Mariam Bouhmadi-Lopez
Mariam Bouhmadi-L\'opez, Che-Yu Chen
Towards the Quantization of Eddington-inspired-Born-Infeld Theory
26 pages, 1 figure. Discussion expanded and further mathematical and physical details provided. Version accepted in JCAP
JCAP 11 (2016) 023
10.1088/1475-7516/2016/11/023
null
gr-qc hep-ph hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The quantum effects close to the classical big rip singularity within the Eddington-inspired-Born-Infeld theory (EiBI) are investigated through quantum geometrodynamics. It is the first time that this approach is applied to a modified theory constructed upon Palatini formalism. The Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) equation is obtained and solved based on an alternative action proposed in Ref.[1], under two different factor ordering choices. This action is dynamically equivalent to the original EiBI action while it is free of square root of the spacetime curvature. We consider a homogeneous, isotropic and spatially flat universe, which is assumed to be dominated by a phantom perfect fluid whose equation of state is a constant. We obtain exact solutions of the WDW equation based on some specific conditions. In more general cases, we propose a qualitative argument with the help of a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation to get further solutions. Besides, we also construct an effective WDW equation by simply promoting the classical Friedmann equations. We find that for all the approaches considered, the DeWitt condition hinting singularity avoidance is satisfied. Therefore the big rip singularity can be avoided through the quantum approach within the EiBI theory.
[ { "created": "Fri, 2 Sep 2016 19:05:48 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 10 Sep 2016 13:54:35 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Fri, 21 Oct 2016 12:56:30 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2016-11-10
[ [ "Bouhmadi-López", "Mariam", "" ], [ "Chen", "Che-Yu", "" ] ]
The quantum effects close to the classical big rip singularity within the Eddington-inspired-Born-Infeld theory (EiBI) are investigated through quantum geometrodynamics. It is the first time that this approach is applied to a modified theory constructed upon Palatini formalism. The Wheeler-DeWitt (WDW) equation is obtained and solved based on an alternative action proposed in Ref.[1], under two different factor ordering choices. This action is dynamically equivalent to the original EiBI action while it is free of square root of the spacetime curvature. We consider a homogeneous, isotropic and spatially flat universe, which is assumed to be dominated by a phantom perfect fluid whose equation of state is a constant. We obtain exact solutions of the WDW equation based on some specific conditions. In more general cases, we propose a qualitative argument with the help of a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation to get further solutions. Besides, we also construct an effective WDW equation by simply promoting the classical Friedmann equations. We find that for all the approaches considered, the DeWitt condition hinting singularity avoidance is satisfied. Therefore the big rip singularity can be avoided through the quantum approach within the EiBI theory.
2312.01636
Tousif Islam
Tousif Islam, Scott E. Field, Gaurav Khanna
Comparing numerical relativity and perturbation theory waveforms for a non-spinning equal-mass binary
Published in a themed issue in honor of Prof. Jorge Pullin on his 60th anniversary; Universe 2024, 10(1), 25
null
10.3390/universe10010025
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Past studies have empirically demonstrated a surprising agreement between gravitational waveforms computed using adiabatic-driven-inspiral point-particle black hole perturbation theory (ppBHPT) and numerical relativity (NR) following a straightforward calibration step, sometimes referred to as $\alpha$-$\beta$ scaling. Specifically focusing on the quadrupole mode, this calibration technique necessitates only two time-independent parameters to scale the overall amplitude and time coordinate. In this article, part of a special issue, we investigate this scaling for non-spinning binaries at the equal mass limit. Even without calibration, NR and ppBHPT waveforms exhibit an unexpected degree of similarity after accounting for different mass scale definitions. Post-calibration, good agreement between ppBHPT and NR waveforms extends nearly up to the point of the merger. We also assess the breakdown of the time-independent assumption of the scaling parameters, shedding light on current limitations and suggesting potential generalizations for the $\alpha$-$\beta$ scaling technique.
[ { "created": "Mon, 4 Dec 2023 05:37:04 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sun, 4 Feb 2024 00:17:36 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2024-02-06
[ [ "Islam", "Tousif", "" ], [ "Field", "Scott E.", "" ], [ "Khanna", "Gaurav", "" ] ]
Past studies have empirically demonstrated a surprising agreement between gravitational waveforms computed using adiabatic-driven-inspiral point-particle black hole perturbation theory (ppBHPT) and numerical relativity (NR) following a straightforward calibration step, sometimes referred to as $\alpha$-$\beta$ scaling. Specifically focusing on the quadrupole mode, this calibration technique necessitates only two time-independent parameters to scale the overall amplitude and time coordinate. In this article, part of a special issue, we investigate this scaling for non-spinning binaries at the equal mass limit. Even without calibration, NR and ppBHPT waveforms exhibit an unexpected degree of similarity after accounting for different mass scale definitions. Post-calibration, good agreement between ppBHPT and NR waveforms extends nearly up to the point of the merger. We also assess the breakdown of the time-independent assumption of the scaling parameters, shedding light on current limitations and suggesting potential generalizations for the $\alpha$-$\beta$ scaling technique.
1612.09077
Shoichiro Miyashita
Yosuke Misonoh, Mitsuhiro Fukushima, Shoichiro Miyashita
Stability of Singularity-free Cosmological Solutions in Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz Gravity
22 pages, 8 figures ; v3 : some results modified
Phys. Rev. D 95, 044044 (2017)
10.1103/PhysRevD.95.044044
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study stability of singularity-free cosmological solutions with positive cosmological constant based on projectable Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz (HL) theory. In HL theory, the isotropic and homogeneous cosmological solutions with bounce can be realized if spacial curvature is non-zero. By performing perturbation analysis around non-flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetime, we derive a quadratic action and discuss the stability, i.e, ghost and tachyon-free conditions. Although the squared effective mass of scalar perturbation must be negative in infrared regime, we can avoid tachyon instability by considering strong Hubble friction. Additionally, we estimate the backreaction from the perturbations on background geometry, especially, against anisotropic perturbation in closed FLRW spacetime. It turns out that certain types of bouncing solution may be spoiled even if all perturbation modes are stable.
[ { "created": "Thu, 29 Dec 2016 08:54:12 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sun, 8 Jan 2017 09:17:39 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Sun, 22 Jan 2017 10:33:56 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2017-03-08
[ [ "Misonoh", "Yosuke", "" ], [ "Fukushima", "Mitsuhiro", "" ], [ "Miyashita", "Shoichiro", "" ] ]
We study stability of singularity-free cosmological solutions with positive cosmological constant based on projectable Ho\v{r}ava-Lifshitz (HL) theory. In HL theory, the isotropic and homogeneous cosmological solutions with bounce can be realized if spacial curvature is non-zero. By performing perturbation analysis around non-flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetime, we derive a quadratic action and discuss the stability, i.e, ghost and tachyon-free conditions. Although the squared effective mass of scalar perturbation must be negative in infrared regime, we can avoid tachyon instability by considering strong Hubble friction. Additionally, we estimate the backreaction from the perturbations on background geometry, especially, against anisotropic perturbation in closed FLRW spacetime. It turns out that certain types of bouncing solution may be spoiled even if all perturbation modes are stable.
2201.10875
Jaros{\l}aw Kopi\'nski
Jaros{\l}aw Kopi\'nski, Juan A. Valiente Kroon
Bach equation and the matching of spacetimes in conformal cyclic cosmology models
10 pages; updated to match the published version
Phys. Rev. D 106, 084034 2022
10.1103/PhysRevD.106.084034
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
We consider the problem of matching two spacetimes, the previous and present aeons, in the Conformal Cyclic Cosmology model. The common boundary between them inherits two sets of constraints -- one for each solution of the Einstein field equations extended to the conformal boundaries. The previous aeon is assumed to be an asymptotically de Sitter spacetime, so the standard conformal formulation of the Einstein field equations suffice to derive the constraints on the future null infinity. For the future aeon, which is supposed to evolve from an initial singularity, they are obtained with the use of the Bach equation. This equation is regular at the past conformal infinity for conformally flat and conformally Einstein spacetimes, so we will mostly focus on them here. An example of the electrovacuum spacetime which does not fall into this class and has regular conformal Bach tensor will be discussed in the appendix.
[ { "created": "Wed, 26 Jan 2022 11:21:38 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 27 Oct 2022 15:14:04 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2023-02-28
[ [ "Kopiński", "Jarosław", "" ], [ "Kroon", "Juan A. Valiente", "" ] ]
We consider the problem of matching two spacetimes, the previous and present aeons, in the Conformal Cyclic Cosmology model. The common boundary between them inherits two sets of constraints -- one for each solution of the Einstein field equations extended to the conformal boundaries. The previous aeon is assumed to be an asymptotically de Sitter spacetime, so the standard conformal formulation of the Einstein field equations suffice to derive the constraints on the future null infinity. For the future aeon, which is supposed to evolve from an initial singularity, they are obtained with the use of the Bach equation. This equation is regular at the past conformal infinity for conformally flat and conformally Einstein spacetimes, so we will mostly focus on them here. An example of the electrovacuum spacetime which does not fall into this class and has regular conformal Bach tensor will be discussed in the appendix.
1607.05318
Farhad Darabi
M. R. Setare, F. Felegary, F. Darabi
Evolution of spherical over-densities in tachyon scalar field model
14 pages, 15 figures, revision
Physics Letters B, 772, 70 (2017)
10.1016/j.physletb.2017.06.039
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the tachyon scalar field model in flat FRW cosmology with the particular potential $\phi^{-2}$ and the scale factor behavior $a(t)=t^n$. We consider the spherical collapse model and investigate the effects of the tachyon scalar field on the structure formation in flat FRW universe. We calculate $\delta_{c}(z_{c})$, $\lambda(z_{c})$, $\xi(z_{c})$, $\Delta_{V}(z_{c})$, $\log [\nu f(\nu)]$ and $\log [n(k)]$ for the tachyon scalar field model and compare the results with the results of EdS model and $\Lambda CDM$ model. It is shown that in the tachyon scalar field model the structure formation may occur earlier, in comparison to the other models.
[ { "created": "Mon, 18 Jul 2016 20:41:54 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 8 Oct 2016 18:33:26 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Wed, 28 Jun 2017 21:41:03 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2017-08-23
[ [ "Setare", "M. R.", "" ], [ "Felegary", "F.", "" ], [ "Darabi", "F.", "" ] ]
We study the tachyon scalar field model in flat FRW cosmology with the particular potential $\phi^{-2}$ and the scale factor behavior $a(t)=t^n$. We consider the spherical collapse model and investigate the effects of the tachyon scalar field on the structure formation in flat FRW universe. We calculate $\delta_{c}(z_{c})$, $\lambda(z_{c})$, $\xi(z_{c})$, $\Delta_{V}(z_{c})$, $\log [\nu f(\nu)]$ and $\log [n(k)]$ for the tachyon scalar field model and compare the results with the results of EdS model and $\Lambda CDM$ model. It is shown that in the tachyon scalar field model the structure formation may occur earlier, in comparison to the other models.
1811.08551
P. A. Gonzalez
P. A. Gonz\'alez, Marco Olivares, Yerko V\'asquez, Joel Saavedra and Ali \"Ovg\"un
Motion and collision of particles near DST Black holes
21 pages and 10 figures. New version
Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79: 528
10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-7043-6
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We consider Deser-Sarioglu-Tekin (DST) black holes as background and we study such the motion of massive particles as the collision of two spinning particles in the vicinity of its horizon. New kinds of orbits are allowed for small deviations of General Relativity, but the behavior of the collision is similar to the one observed for General Relativity. Some observables like bending of light and the perihelion precession are analyzed.
[ { "created": "Wed, 21 Nov 2018 02:14:47 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 20 Mar 2019 21:57:59 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2019-06-24
[ [ "González", "P. A.", "" ], [ "Olivares", "Marco", "" ], [ "Vásquez", "Yerko", "" ], [ "Saavedra", "Joel", "" ], [ "Övgün", "Ali", "" ] ]
We consider Deser-Sarioglu-Tekin (DST) black holes as background and we study such the motion of massive particles as the collision of two spinning particles in the vicinity of its horizon. New kinds of orbits are allowed for small deviations of General Relativity, but the behavior of the collision is similar to the one observed for General Relativity. Some observables like bending of light and the perihelion precession are analyzed.
gr-qc/0607012
Robert Brout
Robert Brout
The Causet Mechanism for the Creation of Energy
Dedicated to Rafael Sorkin, to appear in his 60th birthday Festschrift
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
Sorkin's causet mechanism is generalized to include energy exchange between causet elements and conventional vacuum fluctuations to the inflationary epoch. In this, the dark energy of the adiabatic era is the fluctuating remnant of inflation. The mechanism is also applicable to black hole evaporation.
[ { "created": "Tue, 4 Jul 2006 19:48:06 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 1 Aug 2006 16:11:29 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Thu, 3 Aug 2006 18:55:21 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Brout", "Robert", "" ] ]
Sorkin's causet mechanism is generalized to include energy exchange between causet elements and conventional vacuum fluctuations to the inflationary epoch. In this, the dark energy of the adiabatic era is the fluctuating remnant of inflation. The mechanism is also applicable to black hole evaporation.
1506.07119
Lunchakorn Tannukij
Sushant G. Ghosh, Lunchakorn Tannukij, Pitayuth Wongjun
A class of black holes in dRGT massive gravity and their thermodynamical properties
29 pages, 20 figures, typos fixed
Eur. Phys. J. C 76, no. 3, 119 (2016)
10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-3943-x
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We present exact spherical black hole solutions in de Rham, Gabadadze and Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity for a generic choice of the parameters in the theory, and also discuss the thermodynamical and phase structure of the black hole in both the grand canonical and canonical ensembles (for charged case). It turns out that the dGRT black hole solutions includes the known solutions to the Einstein field equations, such as, the monopole-de Sitter-Schwarzschild ones with the coefficients for the third and fourth terms in the potential and the graviton mass in massive gravity naturally generates the cosmological constant and the global monopole term. Furthermore, we compute the mass, temperature, and entropy of dGRT black hole solutions and also perform thermodynamical stability. It turns out that the presence of the graviton mass completely changes the black hole thermodynamics, and it can provide the Hawking-Page phase transition which is also true for the obtained charged black holes. Interestingly, the entropy of a black hole is unaffected and still obeys area law. In particular, our results, in the limit $m_g \rightarrow 0$, reduced exactly to \emph{vis-$\grave{a}$-vis} the general relativity results.
[ { "created": "Thu, 18 Jun 2015 11:26:51 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 20 Nov 2015 06:43:39 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 15 Mar 2016 07:46:14 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2016-03-16
[ [ "Ghosh", "Sushant G.", "" ], [ "Tannukij", "Lunchakorn", "" ], [ "Wongjun", "Pitayuth", "" ] ]
We present exact spherical black hole solutions in de Rham, Gabadadze and Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity for a generic choice of the parameters in the theory, and also discuss the thermodynamical and phase structure of the black hole in both the grand canonical and canonical ensembles (for charged case). It turns out that the dGRT black hole solutions includes the known solutions to the Einstein field equations, such as, the monopole-de Sitter-Schwarzschild ones with the coefficients for the third and fourth terms in the potential and the graviton mass in massive gravity naturally generates the cosmological constant and the global monopole term. Furthermore, we compute the mass, temperature, and entropy of dGRT black hole solutions and also perform thermodynamical stability. It turns out that the presence of the graviton mass completely changes the black hole thermodynamics, and it can provide the Hawking-Page phase transition which is also true for the obtained charged black holes. Interestingly, the entropy of a black hole is unaffected and still obeys area law. In particular, our results, in the limit $m_g \rightarrow 0$, reduced exactly to \emph{vis-$\grave{a}$-vis} the general relativity results.
1405.7023
Sam Young
Sam Young, Christian T. Byrnes, Misao Sasaki
Calculating the mass spectrum of primordial black holes
16 pages, 7 figures. Version 2: updated to match published version and include journal reference. Version 3 and 4: minor corrections, conclusions unchanged
JCAP 1407 (2014) 045
10.1088/1475-7516/2014/07/045
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We reinspect the calculation for the mass fraction of primordial black holes (PBHs) which are formed from primordial perturbations, finding that performing the calculation using the comoving curvature perturbation $\mathcal{R}_{c}$ in the standard way vastly overestimates the number of PBHs, by many orders of magnitude. This is because PBHs form shortly after horizon entry, meaning modes significantly larger than the PBH are unobservable and should not affect whether a PBH forms or not - this important effect is not taken into account by smoothing the distribution in the standard fashion. We discuss alternative methods and argue that the density contrast, $\Delta$, should be used instead as super-horizon modes are damped by a factor $k^{2}$. We make a comparison between using a Press-Schechter approach and peaks theory, finding that the two are in close agreement in the region of interest. We also investigate the effect of varying the spectral index, and the running of the spectral index, on the abundance of primordial black holes.
[ { "created": "Tue, 27 May 2014 19:23:15 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 1 Sep 2014 13:54:09 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Tue, 16 Dec 2014 15:08:15 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Wed, 4 Mar 2015 12:15:39 GMT", "version": "v4" } ]
2015-03-05
[ [ "Young", "Sam", "" ], [ "Byrnes", "Christian T.", "" ], [ "Sasaki", "Misao", "" ] ]
We reinspect the calculation for the mass fraction of primordial black holes (PBHs) which are formed from primordial perturbations, finding that performing the calculation using the comoving curvature perturbation $\mathcal{R}_{c}$ in the standard way vastly overestimates the number of PBHs, by many orders of magnitude. This is because PBHs form shortly after horizon entry, meaning modes significantly larger than the PBH are unobservable and should not affect whether a PBH forms or not - this important effect is not taken into account by smoothing the distribution in the standard fashion. We discuss alternative methods and argue that the density contrast, $\Delta$, should be used instead as super-horizon modes are damped by a factor $k^{2}$. We make a comparison between using a Press-Schechter approach and peaks theory, finding that the two are in close agreement in the region of interest. We also investigate the effect of varying the spectral index, and the running of the spectral index, on the abundance of primordial black holes.
1011.4444
Ian D. Lawrie
Ian D. Lawrie
Time evolution in quantum cosmology
21 pages, no figures; minor revisions and added references; matches version in Phys Rev D
Phys.Rev.D83:043503,2011
10.1103/PhysRevD.83.043503
null
gr-qc hep-ph hep-th quant-ph
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
A commonly adopted relational account of time evolution in generally-covariant systems, and more specifically in quantum cosmology, is argued to be unsatisfactory, insofar as it describes evolution relative to observed readings of a clock that does not exist as a bona fide observable object. A modified strategy is proposed, in which evolution relative to the proper time that elapses along the worldline of a specific observer can be described through the introduction of a `test clock', regarded as internal to, and hence unobservable by, that observer. This strategy is worked out in detail in the case of a homogeneous cosmology, in the context of both a conventional Schrodinger quantization scheme, and a `polymer' quantization scheme of the kind inspired by loop quantum gravity. Particular attention is given to limitations placed on the observability of time evolution by the requirement that a test clock should contribute only a negligible energy to the Hamiltonian constraint. It is found that suitable compromises are available, in which the clock energy is reasonably small, while Dirac observables are reasonably sharply defined.
[ { "created": "Fri, 19 Nov 2010 15:07:32 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 9 Mar 2011 11:56:54 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2011-03-10
[ [ "Lawrie", "Ian D.", "" ] ]
A commonly adopted relational account of time evolution in generally-covariant systems, and more specifically in quantum cosmology, is argued to be unsatisfactory, insofar as it describes evolution relative to observed readings of a clock that does not exist as a bona fide observable object. A modified strategy is proposed, in which evolution relative to the proper time that elapses along the worldline of a specific observer can be described through the introduction of a `test clock', regarded as internal to, and hence unobservable by, that observer. This strategy is worked out in detail in the case of a homogeneous cosmology, in the context of both a conventional Schrodinger quantization scheme, and a `polymer' quantization scheme of the kind inspired by loop quantum gravity. Particular attention is given to limitations placed on the observability of time evolution by the requirement that a test clock should contribute only a negligible energy to the Hamiltonian constraint. It is found that suitable compromises are available, in which the clock energy is reasonably small, while Dirac observables are reasonably sharply defined.
1503.01221
Jia-Hui Huang
Jia-Hui Huang, Zhan-Feng Mai
Superradiantly stable non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes
null
null
10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4157-y
null
gr-qc
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
The superradiant stability is investigated for non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole. We use an algebraic method to demonstrate that all non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes are superradiantly stable against a charged massive scalar perturbation. This improves the results obtained before for non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes.
[ { "created": "Wed, 4 Mar 2015 05:05:40 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2016-06-14
[ [ "Huang", "Jia-Hui", "" ], [ "Mai", "Zhan-Feng", "" ] ]
The superradiant stability is investigated for non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole. We use an algebraic method to demonstrate that all non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes are superradiantly stable against a charged massive scalar perturbation. This improves the results obtained before for non-extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black holes.
gr-qc/0311070
Sivasubramanian Somu
S. Sivasubramanian, A. Widom, Y.N. Srivastava
Gravitational Waves and the Sagnac Effect
LaTeX format 1 *.eps figure
null
null
null
gr-qc
null
We consider light waves propagating clockwise and other light waves propagating counterclockwise around a closed path in a plane (theoretically with the help of stationary mirrors). The time difference between the two light propagating path orientations constitutes the Sagnac effect. The general relativistic expression for the Sagnac effect is discussed. It is shown that a gravitational wave incident to the light beams at an arbitrary angle will not induce a Sagnac effect so long as the wave length of the weak gravitational wave is long on the length scale of the closed light beam paths. The gravitational wave induced Sagnac effect is thereby null.
[ { "created": "Fri, 21 Nov 2003 03:15:37 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "Sivasubramanian", "S.", "" ], [ "Widom", "A.", "" ], [ "Srivastava", "Y. N.", "" ] ]
We consider light waves propagating clockwise and other light waves propagating counterclockwise around a closed path in a plane (theoretically with the help of stationary mirrors). The time difference between the two light propagating path orientations constitutes the Sagnac effect. The general relativistic expression for the Sagnac effect is discussed. It is shown that a gravitational wave incident to the light beams at an arbitrary angle will not induce a Sagnac effect so long as the wave length of the weak gravitational wave is long on the length scale of the closed light beam paths. The gravitational wave induced Sagnac effect is thereby null.
2310.13150
Pablo Pais
Nick E. Mavromatos, Pablo Pais, Alfredo Iorio
Torsion at different scales: from materials to the Universe
48 pages, 9 figures incorporated. Invited review, the version matches the published version in the journal Universe
Universe 2023, 9(12), 516
10.3390/universe9120516
KCL-PH-TH/2023-54
gr-qc cond-mat.mtrl-sci hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
The concept of torsion in geometry, although known for a long time, has not gained considerable attention by the physics community until relatively recently, due to its diverse and potentially important applications to a plethora of contexts of physical interest. These range from novel materials, such as graphene and graphene-like materials, to advanced theoretical ideas, such as string theory and supersymmetry/supergravity and applications thereof in understanding the dark sector of our Universe. This work reviews such applications of torsion at different physical scales.
[ { "created": "Thu, 19 Oct 2023 20:47:11 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 14 Dec 2023 18:29:12 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Sun, 31 Dec 2023 19:00:44 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2024-01-02
[ [ "Mavromatos", "Nick E.", "" ], [ "Pais", "Pablo", "" ], [ "Iorio", "Alfredo", "" ] ]
The concept of torsion in geometry, although known for a long time, has not gained considerable attention by the physics community until relatively recently, due to its diverse and potentially important applications to a plethora of contexts of physical interest. These range from novel materials, such as graphene and graphene-like materials, to advanced theoretical ideas, such as string theory and supersymmetry/supergravity and applications thereof in understanding the dark sector of our Universe. This work reviews such applications of torsion at different physical scales.
gr-qc/0204022
Matt Visser
Matt Visser (Washington University in Saint Louis)
The quantum physics of chronology protection
CUP style: uses cmmp.cls; 18 pages; contribution to "The future of theoretical physics and cosmology", conference in honour of Professor Stephen Hawking on the occasion of his 60'th birthday. V2: Some references added
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
null
This is a brief survey of the current status of Stephen Hawking's ``chronology protection conjecture''. That is: ``Why does nature abhor a time machine?'' I'll discuss a few examples of spacetimes containing ``time machines'' (closed causal curves), the sorts of peculiarities that arise, and the reactions of the physics community. While pointing out other possibilities, this article concentrates on the possibility of ``chronology protection''. As Stephen puts it: ``It seems that there is a Chronology Protection Agency which prevents the appearance of closed timelike curves and so makes the universe safe for historians.''
[ { "created": "Fri, 5 Apr 2002 02:20:47 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Wed, 17 Apr 2002 19:49:54 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2016-08-31
[ [ "Visser", "Matt", "", "Washington University in Saint Louis" ] ]
This is a brief survey of the current status of Stephen Hawking's ``chronology protection conjecture''. That is: ``Why does nature abhor a time machine?'' I'll discuss a few examples of spacetimes containing ``time machines'' (closed causal curves), the sorts of peculiarities that arise, and the reactions of the physics community. While pointing out other possibilities, this article concentrates on the possibility of ``chronology protection''. As Stephen puts it: ``It seems that there is a Chronology Protection Agency which prevents the appearance of closed timelike curves and so makes the universe safe for historians.''
2104.00754
Daniel Flores
D. Flores-Alfonso, C. S. Lopez-Monsalvo, M. Maceda
Thurston Geometries in Three-Dimensional New Massive Gravity
null
Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 061102 (2021)
10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.061102
null
gr-qc hep-th math-ph math.MP
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
We show that the three-dimensional Thurston geometries are vacuum solutions to the 3D new massive gravity equations of motion. We analyze their Lorentzian counterparts as well.
[ { "created": "Thu, 1 Apr 2021 20:25:25 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 25 Jun 2021 01:23:34 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 9 Aug 2021 01:58:37 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2021-08-10
[ [ "Flores-Alfonso", "D.", "" ], [ "Lopez-Monsalvo", "C. S.", "" ], [ "Maceda", "M.", "" ] ]
We show that the three-dimensional Thurston geometries are vacuum solutions to the 3D new massive gravity equations of motion. We analyze their Lorentzian counterparts as well.
2401.08885
Messias De Brito Cruz
M. B. Cruz, R. M. P. Neves and Celio R. Muniz
Traversable Wormholes from Loop Quantum Gravity
20 pages and 19 figures
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
This study introduces and investigates Lorentzian traversable wormhole solutions rooted in Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG). The static and spherically symmetric solutions to be examined stem from the energy density sourcing self-dual regular black holes discovered by L. Modesto, relying on the parameters associated with LQG, which account for the quantum nature of spacetime. We specifically focus on macroscopic wormholes characterized by small values of these parameters. Our analysis encompasses zero-tidal solutions and those with non-constant redshift functions, exploring immersion diagrams, curvatures, energy conditions, equilibrium requirements, and the requisite quantity of exotic matter to sustain these wormholes. The investigation underscores the influence of LQG parameters on these features, highlighting the pivotal role of spacetime's quantum properties in shaping these wormholes and governing their behavior.
[ { "created": "Tue, 16 Jan 2024 23:44:17 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2024-01-18
[ [ "Cruz", "M. B.", "" ], [ "Neves", "R. M. P.", "" ], [ "Muniz", "Celio R.", "" ] ]
This study introduces and investigates Lorentzian traversable wormhole solutions rooted in Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG). The static and spherically symmetric solutions to be examined stem from the energy density sourcing self-dual regular black holes discovered by L. Modesto, relying on the parameters associated with LQG, which account for the quantum nature of spacetime. We specifically focus on macroscopic wormholes characterized by small values of these parameters. Our analysis encompasses zero-tidal solutions and those with non-constant redshift functions, exploring immersion diagrams, curvatures, energy conditions, equilibrium requirements, and the requisite quantity of exotic matter to sustain these wormholes. The investigation underscores the influence of LQG parameters on these features, highlighting the pivotal role of spacetime's quantum properties in shaping these wormholes and governing their behavior.
gr-qc/9404046
Robert Mann
M.S. Delgaty and R.B. Mann
Traversable Wormholes in (2+1) and (3+1) Dimensions with a Cosmological Constant
19 pgs. WATPHYS TH-93/06
Int.J.Mod.Phys. D4 (1995) 231-246
10.1142/S021827189500017X
null
gr-qc
null
Macroscopic traversable wormhole solutions to Einstein's field equations in $(2+1)$ and $(3+1)$ dimensions with a cosmological constant are investigated. Ensuring traversability severely constrains the material used to generate the wormhole's spacetime curvature. Although the presence of a cosmological constant modifies to some extent the type of matter permitted (for example it is possible to have a positive energy density for the material threading the throat of the wormhole in $(2+1)$ dimensions), the material must still be ``exotic'', that is matter with a larger radial tension than total mass-energy density multiplied by $c^2$. Two specific solutions are applied to the general cases and a partial stability analysis of a $(2+1)$ dimensional solution is explored.
[ { "created": "Mon, 25 Apr 1994 19:22:30 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2009-10-22
[ [ "Delgaty", "M. S.", "" ], [ "Mann", "R. B.", "" ] ]
Macroscopic traversable wormhole solutions to Einstein's field equations in $(2+1)$ and $(3+1)$ dimensions with a cosmological constant are investigated. Ensuring traversability severely constrains the material used to generate the wormhole's spacetime curvature. Although the presence of a cosmological constant modifies to some extent the type of matter permitted (for example it is possible to have a positive energy density for the material threading the throat of the wormhole in $(2+1)$ dimensions), the material must still be ``exotic'', that is matter with a larger radial tension than total mass-energy density multiplied by $c^2$. Two specific solutions are applied to the general cases and a partial stability analysis of a $(2+1)$ dimensional solution is explored.
1805.05684
Rituparno Goswami
Abbas Sherif, Rituparno Goswami, Sunil D Maharaj
Geometrical properties of trapped surfaces and apparent horizons
16 pages, Revtex4
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper, we perform a detailed investigation on the various geometrical properties of trapped surfaces and the boundaries of trapped region in general relativity. This treatment extends earlier work on LRS II spacetimes to a general 4 dimensional spacetime manifold. Using a semi-tetrad covariant formalism, that provides a set of geometrical and matter variables, we transparently demonstrate the evolution of the trapped region and also extend Hawking's topology theorem to a wider class of spacetimes. In addition, we perform a stability analysis for the apparent horizons in this formalism, encompassing earlier works on this subject. As examples, we consider the stability of MOTS of the Schwarzschild geometry and Oppenheimer-Snyder collapse.
[ { "created": "Tue, 15 May 2018 10:15:43 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2018-05-16
[ [ "Sherif", "Abbas", "" ], [ "Goswami", "Rituparno", "" ], [ "Maharaj", "Sunil D", "" ] ]
In this paper, we perform a detailed investigation on the various geometrical properties of trapped surfaces and the boundaries of trapped region in general relativity. This treatment extends earlier work on LRS II spacetimes to a general 4 dimensional spacetime manifold. Using a semi-tetrad covariant formalism, that provides a set of geometrical and matter variables, we transparently demonstrate the evolution of the trapped region and also extend Hawking's topology theorem to a wider class of spacetimes. In addition, we perform a stability analysis for the apparent horizons in this formalism, encompassing earlier works on this subject. As examples, we consider the stability of MOTS of the Schwarzschild geometry and Oppenheimer-Snyder collapse.
0707.2390
Mariam Bouhmadi-Lopez
Mariam Bouhmadi-Lopez, Pedro F. Gonzalez-Diaz, Prado Martin-Moruno
On the generalised Chaplygin gas: worse than a big rip or quieter than a sudden singularity?
19 pages, 6 figures. Discussion expanded and references added. Version to appear in the International Journal of Modern Physics D
Int.J.Mod.Phys.D17:2269-2290,2008
10.1142/S0218271808013856
null
gr-qc
null
Although it has been believed that the models with generalised Chaplygin gas do not contain singularities, in a previous work we have studied how a big freeze could take place in some kinds of phantom generalised Chaplygin gas. In the present work, we study some types of generalised Chaplygin gas in order to show how different sorts of singularities could appears in such models, in the future or in the past. We point out that: (i) singularities may not be originated from the phantom nature of the fluid, and (ii) if initially the tension of the brane in a brane-world Chaplygin model is large enough then an infrared cut off appears in the past.
[ { "created": "Mon, 16 Jul 2007 20:28:21 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 11 Mar 2008 15:51:10 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2009-02-11
[ [ "Bouhmadi-Lopez", "Mariam", "" ], [ "Gonzalez-Diaz", "Pedro F.", "" ], [ "Martin-Moruno", "Prado", "" ] ]
Although it has been believed that the models with generalised Chaplygin gas do not contain singularities, in a previous work we have studied how a big freeze could take place in some kinds of phantom generalised Chaplygin gas. In the present work, we study some types of generalised Chaplygin gas in order to show how different sorts of singularities could appears in such models, in the future or in the past. We point out that: (i) singularities may not be originated from the phantom nature of the fluid, and (ii) if initially the tension of the brane in a brane-world Chaplygin model is large enough then an infrared cut off appears in the past.
1803.06431
Christopher Pilot
Christopher Pilot
Is Quintessence an Indication of a Time-Varying Gravitational Constant?
null
JHEPGC (Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology) Vol 5 No 1 (2019)
10.4236/jhepgc.2019.51003
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
A model is presented where the quintessence parameter, w, is related to a time-varying gravitational constant. Assuming a present value of w equals -.98, we predict a current variation of G dot/G = -.06 H0. H0 is Hubbles parameter, G is Newtons constant and G dot is the derivative of G with respect to time. Thus, G has a cosmic origin, is decreasing with respect to cosmological time, and is proportional to H0, as originally proposed by the Dirac-Jordan hypothesis. Within our model, we can explain the cosmological constant fine-tuning problem, the discrepancy between the present very weak value of the cosmological constant, and the much greater vacuum energy found in earlier epochs. To formalize and solidify our model, we give two distinct functions of G(a), the cosmic scale parameter. We treat inverse G as an order parameter, which vanishes at high energies; at low temperatures, it reaches a saturation value, a value we are close to today. Our first function for inverse G is motivated by a charging capacitor; the second treats inverse G by analogy to a magnetic response. Both functions, even though very distinct, give a remarkably similar tracking behavior for w(a). Interestingly, both functions indicate the onset of G formation at a temperature of approximately 7 *1021 degrees Kelvin, in contrast to the concordance model. At the temperature of formation, we find that G has increased to roughly 4*1020 times its present value. For most of cosmic evolution, however, our variable G model gives results similar to the predictions of the concordance model, except in the very early universe, as we shall demonstrate. Within our framework, the weakening of G to its current value G0 is speculated as the true cause for the observed unanticipated acceleration of the universe.
[ { "created": "Sat, 17 Mar 2018 00:19:41 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2020-08-03
[ [ "Pilot", "Christopher", "" ] ]
A model is presented where the quintessence parameter, w, is related to a time-varying gravitational constant. Assuming a present value of w equals -.98, we predict a current variation of G dot/G = -.06 H0. H0 is Hubbles parameter, G is Newtons constant and G dot is the derivative of G with respect to time. Thus, G has a cosmic origin, is decreasing with respect to cosmological time, and is proportional to H0, as originally proposed by the Dirac-Jordan hypothesis. Within our model, we can explain the cosmological constant fine-tuning problem, the discrepancy between the present very weak value of the cosmological constant, and the much greater vacuum energy found in earlier epochs. To formalize and solidify our model, we give two distinct functions of G(a), the cosmic scale parameter. We treat inverse G as an order parameter, which vanishes at high energies; at low temperatures, it reaches a saturation value, a value we are close to today. Our first function for inverse G is motivated by a charging capacitor; the second treats inverse G by analogy to a magnetic response. Both functions, even though very distinct, give a remarkably similar tracking behavior for w(a). Interestingly, both functions indicate the onset of G formation at a temperature of approximately 7 *1021 degrees Kelvin, in contrast to the concordance model. At the temperature of formation, we find that G has increased to roughly 4*1020 times its present value. For most of cosmic evolution, however, our variable G model gives results similar to the predictions of the concordance model, except in the very early universe, as we shall demonstrate. Within our framework, the weakening of G to its current value G0 is speculated as the true cause for the observed unanticipated acceleration of the universe.
1101.4797
Rong-Jia Yang
Rong-Jia Yang, Zong-Hong Zhu, and Fengquan Wu
Spatial Ricci scalar dark energy model
9 pages, 7 figures
Int.J.Mod.Phys.A 26 (2011) 317-329
10.1142/S0217751X11051263
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Inspired by holographic principle, we suggest that the density of dark energy is proportional to the spatial Ricci scalar curvature (SRDE). Such model is phenomenologically viable. The best fit values of its parameters at 68% confidence level are found to be: $\Omega_{\rm m0}=0.259\pm0.016$ and $\alpha=0.261\pm0.0122$, constrained from the Union+CFA3 sample of 397 SNIa and the BAO measurement. We find the equation of state of SRDE crosses -1 at $z\simeq-0.14$. The present values of the deceleration parameter $q(z)$ for SRDE is found to be $q_{z=0}\sim -0.85$. The phase transition from deceleration to acceleration of the Universe for SRDE occurs at the redshift $z_{q=0}\sim 0.4$. After studying on the perturbation of each component of the Universe, we show that the matter power spectra and cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropy is slightly affected by SRDE, compared with $\Lambda$CDM.
[ { "created": "Tue, 25 Jan 2011 12:54:38 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 27 May 2014 14:03:32 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2014-05-28
[ [ "Yang", "Rong-Jia", "" ], [ "Zhu", "Zong-Hong", "" ], [ "Wu", "Fengquan", "" ] ]
Inspired by holographic principle, we suggest that the density of dark energy is proportional to the spatial Ricci scalar curvature (SRDE). Such model is phenomenologically viable. The best fit values of its parameters at 68% confidence level are found to be: $\Omega_{\rm m0}=0.259\pm0.016$ and $\alpha=0.261\pm0.0122$, constrained from the Union+CFA3 sample of 397 SNIa and the BAO measurement. We find the equation of state of SRDE crosses -1 at $z\simeq-0.14$. The present values of the deceleration parameter $q(z)$ for SRDE is found to be $q_{z=0}\sim -0.85$. The phase transition from deceleration to acceleration of the Universe for SRDE occurs at the redshift $z_{q=0}\sim 0.4$. After studying on the perturbation of each component of the Universe, we show that the matter power spectra and cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropy is slightly affected by SRDE, compared with $\Lambda$CDM.
1907.12866
Bibekananda Nayak Dr.
Bibekananda Nayak
Interacting Holographic Dark Energy, the Present Accelerated Expansion and Black Holes
11 pages, 6 figures
Gravitation and Cosmology 26 (2020) 273-280
10.1134/S020228932003010X
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the evolution of the universe by assuming an integrated model, which involves interacting dark energy and holographic principle with Hubble scale as IR cutoff. First we determined the interaction rate at which matter is converting to dark energy. In the next step, we evaluated the equation of state parameter which describes the nature of dark energy. Our result predicts that the present state of the universe is dominated by quintessence type dark energy and it will become phantom dominated in near future. Again our analysis successfully addresses the problem of present accelerated expansion of the universe and softens the coincidence problem. We also found that the universe was previously undergoing a decelerated phase of expansion and transition from deceleration to acceleration would occur at a time $t_{q=0}=0.732 t_0$, where $t_0$ is the present age of the universe. Finally, we discuss the evolution of Black Holes in this environment.
[ { "created": "Tue, 30 Jul 2019 12:51:32 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 26 Nov 2019 12:37:15 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 30 Mar 2020 10:04:33 GMT", "version": "v3" }, { "created": "Sun, 6 Sep 2020 10:56:18 GMT", "version": "v4" } ]
2020-10-14
[ [ "Nayak", "Bibekananda", "" ] ]
We study the evolution of the universe by assuming an integrated model, which involves interacting dark energy and holographic principle with Hubble scale as IR cutoff. First we determined the interaction rate at which matter is converting to dark energy. In the next step, we evaluated the equation of state parameter which describes the nature of dark energy. Our result predicts that the present state of the universe is dominated by quintessence type dark energy and it will become phantom dominated in near future. Again our analysis successfully addresses the problem of present accelerated expansion of the universe and softens the coincidence problem. We also found that the universe was previously undergoing a decelerated phase of expansion and transition from deceleration to acceleration would occur at a time $t_{q=0}=0.732 t_0$, where $t_0$ is the present age of the universe. Finally, we discuss the evolution of Black Holes in this environment.
2010.09966
Giovanni Tricella
Stefano Liberati, Giovanni Tricella, Andrea Trombettoni
Back-reaction in canonical analogue black holes
This article belongs to the Special Issue Analogue Gravitational Dynamics
Applied Sciences 2020, 10(24), 8868
10.3390/app10248868
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the back-reaction associated with Hawking evaporation of an acoustic canonical analogue black hole in a Bose-Einstein condensate. We show that the emission of Hawking radiation induces a local back-reaction on the condensate, perturbing it in the near-horizon region, and a global back-reaction in the density distribution of the atoms. We discuss how these results produce useful insights into the process of black hole evaporation and its compatibility with a unitary evolution.
[ { "created": "Tue, 20 Oct 2020 02:29:09 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 11 Dec 2020 16:07:23 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2020-12-14
[ [ "Liberati", "Stefano", "" ], [ "Tricella", "Giovanni", "" ], [ "Trombettoni", "Andrea", "" ] ]
We study the back-reaction associated with Hawking evaporation of an acoustic canonical analogue black hole in a Bose-Einstein condensate. We show that the emission of Hawking radiation induces a local back-reaction on the condensate, perturbing it in the near-horizon region, and a global back-reaction in the density distribution of the atoms. We discuss how these results produce useful insights into the process of black hole evaporation and its compatibility with a unitary evolution.
1804.07440
Hwa-Tung Nieh
H.T. Nieh
Torsional Topological Invariants
null
Phys. Rev. D 98, 104045 (2018)
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.104045
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Making use of the SO(3,1) Lorentz algebra, we derive in this paper two series of Gauss-Bonnet type identities involving torsion, one being of the Pontryagin type and the other of the Euler type. Two of the six identities involve only torsional tensorial entities and are purely torsional topological invariants.
[ { "created": "Fri, 20 Apr 2018 03:25:36 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 20 Nov 2018 09:40:01 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2018-12-05
[ [ "Nieh", "H. T.", "" ] ]
Making use of the SO(3,1) Lorentz algebra, we derive in this paper two series of Gauss-Bonnet type identities involving torsion, one being of the Pontryagin type and the other of the Euler type. Two of the six identities involve only torsional tensorial entities and are purely torsional topological invariants.
1811.09571
Xavier Lachaume
Xavier Lachaume
On the number of terms in the Lovelock products
5 pages
Eur. Phys. J. C (2019) 79: 266
10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6776-6
null
gr-qc math-ph math.MP math.RT
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this short note we wonder about the explicit expression of the expanding of the $p$-th Lovelock product. We use the 1990's works of S. A. Fulling et al. on the symmetries of the Riemann tensor, and we show that the number of independent scalars appearing in this expanding is equal to the number of Young diagrams with all row lengths even in the decomposition of the $p$-th plethysm of the Young diagram representing the symmetries of the Riemann tensor.
[ { "created": "Fri, 23 Nov 2018 17:27:51 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 22 Mar 2019 14:58:18 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2019-03-25
[ [ "Lachaume", "Xavier", "" ] ]
In this short note we wonder about the explicit expression of the expanding of the $p$-th Lovelock product. We use the 1990's works of S. A. Fulling et al. on the symmetries of the Riemann tensor, and we show that the number of independent scalars appearing in this expanding is equal to the number of Young diagrams with all row lengths even in the decomposition of the $p$-th plethysm of the Young diagram representing the symmetries of the Riemann tensor.
1305.2599
Donald Neville
Donald E. Neville
Plane wave holonomies in loop quantum gravity II: sine wave solution
56 pages, LaTeX Much improved presentation. Material on coarse-graining and U(N) SHO formalism added
null
null
null
gr-qc
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
This paper constructs an approximate sinusoidal wave packet solution to the equations of loop quantum gravity (LQG). There is an SU(2) holonomy on each edge of the LQG simplex, and the goal is to study the behavior of these holonomies under the influence of a passing gravitational wave. The equations are solved in a small sine approximation: holonomies are expanded in powers of sines, and terms beyond $\sin^2$ are dropped; also, fields vary slowly from vertex to vertex. The wave is unidirectional and linearly polarized. The Hilbert space is spanned by a set of coherent states tailored to the symmetry of the plane wave case. Fixing the spatial diffeomorphisms is equivalent to fixing the spatial interval between vertices of the loop quantum gravity lattice. This spacing can be chosen such that the eigenvalues of the triad operators are large, as required in the small sine limit, even though the holonomies are not large. Appendices compute the energy of the wave, estimate the lifetime of the coherent state packet, discuss coarse-graining, and determine the behavior of the spinors used in the U(N) SHO realization of LQG.
[ { "created": "Sun, 12 May 2013 16:21:36 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Mon, 10 Nov 2014 23:01:12 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2014-11-12
[ [ "Neville", "Donald E.", "" ] ]
This paper constructs an approximate sinusoidal wave packet solution to the equations of loop quantum gravity (LQG). There is an SU(2) holonomy on each edge of the LQG simplex, and the goal is to study the behavior of these holonomies under the influence of a passing gravitational wave. The equations are solved in a small sine approximation: holonomies are expanded in powers of sines, and terms beyond $\sin^2$ are dropped; also, fields vary slowly from vertex to vertex. The wave is unidirectional and linearly polarized. The Hilbert space is spanned by a set of coherent states tailored to the symmetry of the plane wave case. Fixing the spatial diffeomorphisms is equivalent to fixing the spatial interval between vertices of the loop quantum gravity lattice. This spacing can be chosen such that the eigenvalues of the triad operators are large, as required in the small sine limit, even though the holonomies are not large. Appendices compute the energy of the wave, estimate the lifetime of the coherent state packet, discuss coarse-graining, and determine the behavior of the spinors used in the U(N) SHO realization of LQG.
2307.11809
Sneha Pradhan
Piyali Bhar, Sneha Pradhan, Adnan Malik, P.K. Sahoo
Physical Characteristics and Maximum Allowable Mass of Hybrid Star in the Context of $f(Q)$ Gravity
EPJ C published version
Eur. Phys. J. C 83(7), 646 (2023)
10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-11745-y
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
In this study, we explore several new characteristics of a static anisotropic hybrid star with strange quark matter (SQM) and ordinary baryonic matter (OBM) distribution. Here, we use the MIT bag model equation of state to connect the density and pressure of SQM inside stars, whereas the linear equation of state $p_r =\alpha \rho-\beta$ connects the radial pressure and matter density caused by baryonic matter. The stellar model was developed under a background of $f(Q)$ gravity using the quadratic form of $f(Q)$. We utilized the Tolman-Kuchowicz ansatz to find the solutions to the field equations under modified gravity. We have matched the interior solution to the external Schwarzschild spacetime in order to acquire the numerical values of the model parameters. We have selected the star Her X-1 to develop various profiles of the model parameters. Several significant physical characteristics have been examined analytically and graphically, including matter densities, tangential and radial pressures, energy conditions, anisotropy factor, redshirt, compactness, etc. The main finding is that there is no core singularity present in the formations of the star under investigation. The nature of mass and the bag constant $B_g$ have been studied in details through equi-mass and equi-$B_g$ contour. The maximum allowable mass and the corresponding radius have been obtained via $M-R$ plots.
[ { "created": "Fri, 21 Jul 2023 17:42:57 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2023-07-25
[ [ "Bhar", "Piyali", "" ], [ "Pradhan", "Sneha", "" ], [ "Malik", "Adnan", "" ], [ "Sahoo", "P. K.", "" ] ]
In this study, we explore several new characteristics of a static anisotropic hybrid star with strange quark matter (SQM) and ordinary baryonic matter (OBM) distribution. Here, we use the MIT bag model equation of state to connect the density and pressure of SQM inside stars, whereas the linear equation of state $p_r =\alpha \rho-\beta$ connects the radial pressure and matter density caused by baryonic matter. The stellar model was developed under a background of $f(Q)$ gravity using the quadratic form of $f(Q)$. We utilized the Tolman-Kuchowicz ansatz to find the solutions to the field equations under modified gravity. We have matched the interior solution to the external Schwarzschild spacetime in order to acquire the numerical values of the model parameters. We have selected the star Her X-1 to develop various profiles of the model parameters. Several significant physical characteristics have been examined analytically and graphically, including matter densities, tangential and radial pressures, energy conditions, anisotropy factor, redshirt, compactness, etc. The main finding is that there is no core singularity present in the formations of the star under investigation. The nature of mass and the bag constant $B_g$ have been studied in details through equi-mass and equi-$B_g$ contour. The maximum allowable mass and the corresponding radius have been obtained via $M-R$ plots.
gr-qc/0306026
Pieter-Jan De Smet
Pieter-Jan De Smet
On stationary metrics in five dimensions
8 pages
null
null
YITP-SB-03-25
gr-qc
null
It is well-known that the Kerr-metric (rotating black hole in four dimensions) has Petrov type D. We prove a similar property in five dimensions. The Myers-Perry metric (rotating black hole in five dimensions) with one non-zero angular momentum has Petrov type \underline{22}. Conversely, we show that the Myers-Perry solution is unique within a certain restricted class of metrics of Petrov type \underline{22}.
[ { "created": "Fri, 6 Jun 2003 17:03:41 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-05-23
[ [ "De Smet", "Pieter-Jan", "" ] ]
It is well-known that the Kerr-metric (rotating black hole in four dimensions) has Petrov type D. We prove a similar property in five dimensions. The Myers-Perry metric (rotating black hole in five dimensions) with one non-zero angular momentum has Petrov type \underline{22}. Conversely, we show that the Myers-Perry solution is unique within a certain restricted class of metrics of Petrov type \underline{22}.
1805.01066
Shinji Tsujikawa
Lavinia Heisenberg, Ryotaro Kase, Shinji Tsujikawa
Cosmology in scalar-vector-tensor theories
17pages, 4 figures
Phys. Rev. D 98, 024038 (2018)
10.1103/PhysRevD.98.024038
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-ph hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the cosmology on the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker background in scalar-vector-tensor theories with a broken $U(1)$ gauge symmetry. For parity-invariant interactions arising in scalar-vector-tensor theories with second-order equations of motion, we derive conditions for the absence of ghosts and Laplacian instabilities associated with tensor, vector, and scalar perturbations at linear order. This general result is applied to the computation of the primordial tensor power spectrum generated during inflation as well as to the speed of gravity relevant to dark energy. We also construct a concrete inflationary model in which a temporal vector component $A_0$ contributes to the dynamics of cosmic acceleration besides a scalar field $\phi$ through their kinetic mixings. In this model, we show that all the stability conditions of perturbations can be consistently satisfied during inflation and subsequent reheating.
[ { "created": "Thu, 3 May 2018 00:41:53 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 26 Jul 2018 12:53:35 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2018-07-27
[ [ "Heisenberg", "Lavinia", "" ], [ "Kase", "Ryotaro", "" ], [ "Tsujikawa", "Shinji", "" ] ]
We study the cosmology on the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker background in scalar-vector-tensor theories with a broken $U(1)$ gauge symmetry. For parity-invariant interactions arising in scalar-vector-tensor theories with second-order equations of motion, we derive conditions for the absence of ghosts and Laplacian instabilities associated with tensor, vector, and scalar perturbations at linear order. This general result is applied to the computation of the primordial tensor power spectrum generated during inflation as well as to the speed of gravity relevant to dark energy. We also construct a concrete inflationary model in which a temporal vector component $A_0$ contributes to the dynamics of cosmic acceleration besides a scalar field $\phi$ through their kinetic mixings. In this model, we show that all the stability conditions of perturbations can be consistently satisfied during inflation and subsequent reheating.
1710.05990
Anna Ijjas
Anna Ijjas
Space-time slicing in Horndeski theories and its implications for non-singular bouncing solutions
33 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in JCAP; v2: updated to match journal version
JCAP 02 (2018) 007
10.1088/1475-7516/2018/02/007
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
In this paper, we show how the proper choice of gauge is critical in analyzing the stability of non-singular cosmological bounce solutions based on Horndeski theories. We show that it is possible to construct non-singular cosmological bounce solutions with classically stable behavior for all modes with wavelengths above the Planck scale where: (a) the solution involves a stage of null-energy condition violation during which gravity is described by a modification of Einstein's general relativity; and (b) the solution reduces to Einstein gravity both before and after the null-energy condition violating stage. Similar considerations apply to galilean genesis scenarios.
[ { "created": "Mon, 16 Oct 2017 20:20:57 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Sat, 27 Jan 2018 16:35:41 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2018-02-07
[ [ "Ijjas", "Anna", "" ] ]
In this paper, we show how the proper choice of gauge is critical in analyzing the stability of non-singular cosmological bounce solutions based on Horndeski theories. We show that it is possible to construct non-singular cosmological bounce solutions with classically stable behavior for all modes with wavelengths above the Planck scale where: (a) the solution involves a stage of null-energy condition violation during which gravity is described by a modification of Einstein's general relativity; and (b) the solution reduces to Einstein gravity both before and after the null-energy condition violating stage. Similar considerations apply to galilean genesis scenarios.
1303.2469
Mikjel Thorsrud
Mikjel Thorsrud
Quintessence with Kaluza-Klein type couplings to matter and an isotropy-violating vector field
3 pages, 1 figure. Contribution to the proceedings of the 13th Marcel Grossmann Meeting (MG13), Stockholm, 1-7 July 2012
null
null
null
gr-qc hep-th
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We study the dynamics of a scalar field with Kaluza-Klein type couplings to cold dark matter and an isotropy-violating vector field. The vector coupling, $f^2(\phi)F^2$, has been studied thoroughly in the context of inflation recently. We generalize the model to a dark energy context and study the cosmological consequences. We find a rich set of exact anisotropic power-law solutions and identify a strong vector coupling regime where the anisotropy is controllable and all solutions are close to the LCDM limit.
[ { "created": "Mon, 11 Mar 2013 10:07:02 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2013-03-12
[ [ "Thorsrud", "Mikjel", "" ] ]
We study the dynamics of a scalar field with Kaluza-Klein type couplings to cold dark matter and an isotropy-violating vector field. The vector coupling, $f^2(\phi)F^2$, has been studied thoroughly in the context of inflation recently. We generalize the model to a dark energy context and study the cosmological consequences. We find a rich set of exact anisotropic power-law solutions and identify a strong vector coupling regime where the anisotropy is controllable and all solutions are close to the LCDM limit.
1611.06680
Andronikos Paliathanasis
John D. Barrow and Andronikos Paliathanasis
Reconstructions of the dark-energy equation of state and the inflationary potential
17 pages, 7 figures, discussion improved, references added, to appear in GRG
null
null
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
We use a mathematical approach based on the constraints systems in order to reconstruct the equation of state and the inflationary potential for the inflaton field from the observed spectral indices for the density perturbations $n_{s}$ and the tensor to scalar ratio $r$. From the astronomical data, we can observe that the measured values of these two indices lie on a two-dimensional surface. We express these indices in terms of the Hubble slow-roll parameters and we assume that $n_{s}-1=h\left( r\right) $. For the function $h\left( r\right) $, we consider three cases, where $h\left( r\right) $ is constant, linear and quadratic, respectively. From this, we derive second-order equations whose solutions provide us with the explicit forms for the expansion scale-factor, the scalar-field potential, and the effective equation of state for the scalar field. Finally, we show that for there exist mappings which transform one cosmological solution to another and allow new solutions to be generated from existing ones.
[ { "created": "Mon, 21 Nov 2016 08:36:06 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Fri, 2 Jun 2017 16:05:02 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Sat, 9 Jun 2018 13:57:37 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2018-06-12
[ [ "Barrow", "John D.", "" ], [ "Paliathanasis", "Andronikos", "" ] ]
We use a mathematical approach based on the constraints systems in order to reconstruct the equation of state and the inflationary potential for the inflaton field from the observed spectral indices for the density perturbations $n_{s}$ and the tensor to scalar ratio $r$. From the astronomical data, we can observe that the measured values of these two indices lie on a two-dimensional surface. We express these indices in terms of the Hubble slow-roll parameters and we assume that $n_{s}-1=h\left( r\right) $. For the function $h\left( r\right) $, we consider three cases, where $h\left( r\right) $ is constant, linear and quadratic, respectively. From this, we derive second-order equations whose solutions provide us with the explicit forms for the expansion scale-factor, the scalar-field potential, and the effective equation of state for the scalar field. Finally, we show that for there exist mappings which transform one cosmological solution to another and allow new solutions to be generated from existing ones.
1507.04683
Federico Lopez Armengol
Gustavo E. Romero, Daniela P\'erez and Federico G. Lopez Armengol
Cosmological black holes and the direction of time
13 pages, 2 figures in Foundations of Science (2017)
null
10.1007/s10699-017-9527-x
null
gr-qc astro-ph.CO
http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/
Macroscopic irreversible processes emerge from fundamental physical laws of reversible character. The source of the local irreversibility seems to be not in the laws themselves but in the initial and boundary conditions of the equations that represent the laws. In this work we propose that the screening of currents by black hole event horizons determines, locally, a preferred direction for the flux of electromagnetic energy. We study the growth of black hole event horizons due to the cosmological expansion and accretion of cosmic microwave background radiation, for different cosmological models. We propose generalized McVittie co-moving metrics and integrate the rate of accretion of cosmic microwave background radiation onto a supermassive black hole over cosmic time. We find that for flat, open, and closed Friedmann cosmological models, the ratio of the total area of the black hole event horizons with respect to the area of a radial co-moving space-like hypersurface always increases. Since accretion of cosmic radiation sets an absolute lower limit to the total matter accreted by black holes, this implies that the causal past and future are not mirror symmetric for any spacetime event. The asymmetry causes a net Poynting flux in the global future direction; the latter is in turn related to the ever increasing thermodynamic entropy. Thus, we expose a connection between four different "time arrows": cosmological, electromagnetic, gravitational, and thermodynamic.
[ { "created": "Mon, 13 Jul 2015 18:27:55 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Thu, 16 Mar 2017 18:49:31 GMT", "version": "v2" } ]
2017-03-20
[ [ "Romero", "Gustavo E.", "" ], [ "Pérez", "Daniela", "" ], [ "Armengol", "Federico G. Lopez", "" ] ]
Macroscopic irreversible processes emerge from fundamental physical laws of reversible character. The source of the local irreversibility seems to be not in the laws themselves but in the initial and boundary conditions of the equations that represent the laws. In this work we propose that the screening of currents by black hole event horizons determines, locally, a preferred direction for the flux of electromagnetic energy. We study the growth of black hole event horizons due to the cosmological expansion and accretion of cosmic microwave background radiation, for different cosmological models. We propose generalized McVittie co-moving metrics and integrate the rate of accretion of cosmic microwave background radiation onto a supermassive black hole over cosmic time. We find that for flat, open, and closed Friedmann cosmological models, the ratio of the total area of the black hole event horizons with respect to the area of a radial co-moving space-like hypersurface always increases. Since accretion of cosmic radiation sets an absolute lower limit to the total matter accreted by black holes, this implies that the causal past and future are not mirror symmetric for any spacetime event. The asymmetry causes a net Poynting flux in the global future direction; the latter is in turn related to the ever increasing thermodynamic entropy. Thus, we expose a connection between four different "time arrows": cosmological, electromagnetic, gravitational, and thermodynamic.
0707.3830
Neven Bilic
Neven Bilic, Branko Guberina, Raul Horvat, Hrvoje Nikolic and Hrvoje Stefancic
On Cosmological Implications of Gravitational Trace Anomaly
11 pages, equation (4) corrected, discussions expanded, references added, results unchanged, to appear in PLB
Phys.Lett.B657:232-237,2007
10.1016/j.physletb.2007.09.067
null
gr-qc astro-ph hep-th
null
We study the infrared effective theory of gravity that stems from the quantum trace anomaly. Quantum fluctuations of the metric induce running of the cosmological constant and the Newton constant at cosmological scales. By imposing the generalized Bianchi identity we obtain a prediction for the scale dependence of the dark matter and dark energy densities in terms of the parameters of the underlying conformal theory. For certain values of the model parameters the dark energy equation of state and the observed spectral index of the primordial density fluctuations can be simultaneously reproduced.
[ { "created": "Thu, 26 Jul 2007 14:43:32 GMT", "version": "v1" }, { "created": "Tue, 31 Jul 2007 13:25:49 GMT", "version": "v2" }, { "created": "Mon, 15 Oct 2007 13:11:36 GMT", "version": "v3" } ]
2008-11-26
[ [ "Bilic", "Neven", "" ], [ "Guberina", "Branko", "" ], [ "Horvat", "Raul", "" ], [ "Nikolic", "Hrvoje", "" ], [ "Stefancic", "Hrvoje", "" ] ]
We study the infrared effective theory of gravity that stems from the quantum trace anomaly. Quantum fluctuations of the metric induce running of the cosmological constant and the Newton constant at cosmological scales. By imposing the generalized Bianchi identity we obtain a prediction for the scale dependence of the dark matter and dark energy densities in terms of the parameters of the underlying conformal theory. For certain values of the model parameters the dark energy equation of state and the observed spectral index of the primordial density fluctuations can be simultaneously reproduced.
0708.4388
Bjoern S. Schmekel
Bjoern S. Schmekel
Quasi-local definitions of energy in general relativity
4 pages, very brief review article about quasi-local energy
Matters of Gravity, 30, 13 (2007), arXiv:0709.0942
null
null
gr-qc
null
The problem of defining energy in general relativity is reviewed very briefly, and the properties of Brown-York-like expressions are discussed.
[ { "created": "Fri, 31 Aug 2007 16:55:44 GMT", "version": "v1" } ]
2007-09-08
[ [ "Schmekel", "Bjoern S.", "" ] ]
The problem of defining energy in general relativity is reviewed very briefly, and the properties of Brown-York-like expressions are discussed.