Split (2)

train · 226k rows

question stringlengths 3 301	answer stringlengths 9 26.1k	context list
why is it bad to stick a knife in a toaster?	The heating elements in the toaster are electrically insulated, but could easily be nicked by a knife, causing you to be electrocuted. Even if you have it off or unplugged, you could still knick the element, causing a short circuit or electrocution next time it's used.	[ "Toasters cause nearly 800 deaths annually due to electrocution and fires. Poking knives and other objects into a toaster is dangerous; aside from a risk of electrocution, such insertion can damage the toaster in ways that can increase the risk that the toaster will later start a fire. Even without such tampering, ...
how do social media communities start when they have no users?	This is the reason most of them fail. The genius of Facebook was that it started with a small, elite community and expanded from there. You need a ton of capital because it takes a long time to get up to a critical mass that makes it usable for the general public.	[ "The lives of social web users are increasingly interconnected with their online profiles and accounts, such to the extent that many social networking and social media sites now offer support for mobile devices and internet phone connectivity. Popular social web sites such Facebook Mobile, Orkut, Twitter, and YouTu...
If the Bible remained (mostly) untranslated from Latin and Greek in Medieval Christendom and church services were conducted in those languages, how did language-specific forms of Biblical names enter the vernacular?	Since these names would have first been introduced before the liturgical/spoken languages diverged (and not from later localized figures like saints), language-specific versions of names developed through the same process by which, say, Latin evolved into the Romance languages. At a given point in Late Antiquity, three...	[ "The Bible was translated into various languages in late antiquity; the most important of these translations are those in the Syriac dialect of Aramaic (including the Peshitta and the Diatessaron gospel harmony), the Ge'ez language of Ethiopia, and, in Western Europe, Latin. The earliest Latin translations are coll...
AskHistorians Podcast 133 -- We Have Met The Enemy and They Are U.S. -- The Militia and the War of 1812	Great episode. My hometown was the site of [a battle of the War of 1812](_URL_0_) that puts on a re-enactment every year so I always enjoy hearing more about the war. Small correction: the song "The White House Burned (War of 1812)" is commonly misattributed to the Arrogant Worms, but it's by Three Dead Trolls in a B...	[ "In 2013, \"The Combat Jack Show\" became the flagship of a network of podcasts founded by Ossé known as the Loud Speakers Network, which also includes \"The Read\", hosted by Kid Fury and Crissle, \"The Brilliant Idiots\", and \"FanBros\", hosted by DJ Benhameen.\n", "Bolelli began hosting \"History On Fire\" in...
What does pure protein look like?	the term protein is rather vague. different proteins in different configurations will have different optical properties. pure isolated individual amino acids as you would purchase from a scientific supplier such as sigma aldrich would be a white powder.	[ "A protein is a polymer that is composed from amino acids that are linked by peptide bonds. There are more than 300 amino acids found in nature of which only twenty, known as the standard amino acids, are the building blocks for protein. Only green plants and most microbes are able to synthesize all of the 20 stand...
I've heard the Viking Conquest happened due to overpopulation back home. What caused this?	Historians in the 1800s and early 1900s thought that overpopulation may have driven viking raids because the sources said so—and perhaps because overpopulation seemed to be a cause of their contemporary problems as well. But modern historians are more skeptical. We now acknowledge that early medieval authors were every...	[ "There is much debate among historians about what drove the Viking expansion. One widely held idea is that it was a quest for retaliation against continental Europeans for their previous invasions of Viking homelands, such as Charlemagne's campaign to force Scandinavian pagans to convert to Christianity by killing ...
If the DNA is the same in every cell, how does the body know to build an arm here, run a blood vessel there, put a femur in the thigh, and put 4 chambers in the heart?	This is kind of the root of embryology/development biology, which is a huge field with lots still to be discovered. At the adult level, differentiated cells have different levels of DNA expression - just because the DNA is there does not mean it is expressed the same way everywhere. There's a lot of regulation at bot...	[ "The extent to which limbs and organs are duplicated varies from case to case. One head may be only partially developed (anencephalic), or both may be complete. In some cases, two complete hearts are present as well, which improves their chances of survival. The total number of arms may be two, three or four.\n", ...
how do japanese internet users use so many different characters to make custom emoticons and why did no one else do the same?	It started on [2channel](_URL_1_). The culture and large audience of this text-only site led its denizens to go looking for characters to make pictures from, first [the Shift JIS character set](_URL_0_), but then later the whole Unicode character set. Just like on Reddit, text that looks like a picture stands out and ...	[ "However, the recent prevalence of computers has made it easier for Japanese speakers to identify and use rarer characters, and the idea of having a list of approved characters has come under reconsideration. The Japanese media has increasingly used non-approved kanji with furigana to aid the reader in place of \"m...
why won’t “old phone” be able to work in a 5g network? do we have to get new phones when 5g becomes a more prominent thing?	The way I like to explain it: Think of network technologies like languages. 5G speaks Arabic. 4G speaks Chinese. 3G speaks English. Your phone now only speaks Chinese and English. You will need a new one to understand Arabic. It gets more complex than this, in a technical sense, but the concept is the same.	[ "Mobile phones are, in surveillance terms, a major liability. This liability will only increase as the new third-generation (3G), LTE, WiMAX, and fourth-generation (4G) phones are introduced, as the base stations will be located closer together.\n", "In the past decade, telecommunications has turned into a highly...
can you define "time" without using a concept associated with it?	Science has already done this. _URL_0_ Number of vibrations of a certain atom. In the past things it's been defined by things such as revolution of the earth, lunar cycle, oscillations of a pendulum, how long it takes earth to orbit the sun, etc.	[ "Interpretations of \"uji\" are plentiful. Dainin Katagiri says that Dōgen used the novel term \"being-time\" to illustrate that sentient \"beings\" and \"time\" were unseparated. Thus, \"being\" represents all beings existing together in the formless realm of timelessness, and \"time\" characterizes the existence ...
How is the result "1+2+3+4+...=-1/12" used in string theory if it's based on a faulty proof?	My apologies but this is a hard question to answer without some analysis, I hope it's understandable, I've tried my best but it goes pretty deep. This question rests deeply on what kind of limit you are using to evaluate the sequence. They are using an unusual sort of summation so it seems weird. So what is usually d...	[ "A proof/recognition of a string formula_28 is done by showing that formula_53 produces the empty string. For the individual rewrite steps, when multiple alternative variable matches are possible, any rewrite which could lead the whole proof to succeed is considered. Thus, if there is at least one way to produce th...
when a top starts to slow down and begin to tip over, the spin reverses direction. why?	That's an optical illusion created by it rotating slower.	[ "When a tippe top is spun at a high angular velocity, its stem slowly tilts downwards more and more until it suddenly lifts the body of the spinning top off the ground, with the stem now pointing downward. Eventually, as the top's spinning rate slows, it loses stability and eventually topples over, like an ordinary...
Jobs/Careers circa 18th century Europe	You would have soldiers and officers, bakers, cobblers and cordwainers, some apothocaries and even fewer doctors of physick...Think of all the things you need in life and then who would have to make them if you couldn't just go to the store and get what you needed. Who killed the meat? Where did cloth come from? What a...	[ "In the early part of the 19th century, the majority of Parisians were employed in commerce and small shops, but by the mid-19th century, conditions had changed; in 1864, 900,000 of the 1,700,000 inhabitants of Paris were employed in workshops and industry. These workers were typically employed in manufacturing, us...
why are republicans stereotyped as racist when lincoln (who emancipated the slaves) was republican, and democrats perpetuated and enforced jim crow era laws?	Well, the only reason any group stereotypes another is in order to devalue anything they say or do. It's a form of prejudice. But the answer to why this particular stereotype is like this is simple: 150 years ago, the GOP was the liberal party, and the Democrats were conservative. The roles have since switched.	[ "Black Republicans felt betrayed as they lost power and were subject to discrimination and harassment to suppress their voting. By 1905, most black men were effectively disenfranchised by state legislatures in every Southern state.\n", "During her testimony before the House Judiciary Committee on the rise of hate...
why is blackmail illegal?	its coercion or extortion involving a threat of harm or slander. youre basically demanding money under threat of harm.	[ "There is no statutory offence of blackmail in Scotland. The common law offence of extortion is similar. Extortion is the offence of using threat of harm to demand money, property or some advantage from another person. It does not matter whether the demand itself is legitimate (such as for money owed) as the offenc...
what does data actually cost the mobile operators?	Your phone company is paying for bandwidth not data. It's not about how much they download, it's how much can they download at ONCE. 1gb a second, 500mbit, 5gb etc. But what about things other than the cost of data? Someone has to pay to put those mobile towers everywhere. Someone has to pay to replace those 3g piece...	[ "A subscription costs $20 per month for unlimited calls and messaging, plus a customizable data allowance costing an additional $10 per gigabyte. Money for unused data is credited back to the user's account, and overuse of data costs an additional $10 per gigabyte. A group plan costs an additional $15 per user per ...
how come when you tilt your head sideways you can still read words and everything looks normal, but if you're upside down everything becomes upside down. why doesn't the world become sideways?	Get real close to a mirror and look at your eyes. Continue gazing into your eyes as you tilt your head side to side. You will see your eyes rotate to compensate.	[ "Rather than \"reading\" left to right, a viewer simply stares at the same location of the pictures in the flip book as the pages turn. The book must also be flipped with enough speed for the illusion to work, so the standard way to \"read\" a flip book is to hold the book with one hand and flip through its pages w...
If the universe is expanding, what is it taking the place of?	"Expanding" here means "distances within the universe get larger as time goes by". So if we see a galaxy 1 billion light-years away, one day it will be 2 billion light-years away, not because either of us are "moving", but because "space itself is expanding". In case this seems like arguing over semantics, not that...	[ "universe will expand forever. Contrary to this he shows that if Ω is a number greater than 1 then the universe will eventually collapse into itself in a \"big crunch\", the opposite of the Big Bang. Ferris then shows, in a third possibility, that the universe is hanging in the balance in a \"critical density\" tha...
when watching poker on tv, how can the graphic calculate the chips bet so quickly?	The obvious answer is that you are not watching a live feed and the graphics were edited in afterwards.	[ "BULLET::::- At the Casa Pilsner restaurant, teams would have to correctly count the value of a large amount of poker chips. When teams provided with the correct value of 80,650, a dealer will hand teams their next clue.\n", "A minor controversy arose during the main event. The colors of the chips made it very di...
how are proteins formed?	Proteins are basically long long chains of molecules called amino acids. The particular sequence of amino acids in a protein determines the shape it will bend itself into, which determines what it will do. For example, some proteins are the perfect shape to grab two other molecules and smush them together so that the...	[ "Proteins are the product of a gene that are formed from translation of a mature mRNA molecule.Proteins contain 4 elements in regards to their structure: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. The linear amino acid sequence is also known as the primary structure. Hydrogen bonding between the amino acids of th...
what are the lines across some bodies of water on large satellite image maps?	Those are where the satellite took a long series of photos as it passed overhead in lines, and the photos were later stitched together with imperfect colour correction, so you see the edges of the photo series.	[ "These maps usually show not only the contours, but also any significant streams or other bodies of water, forest cover, built-up areas or individual buildings (depending on scale), and other features and points of interest.\n", "These maps show not only the contours, but also any significant streams or other bod...
is it possible that the human race could evolve to live without rest/sleep?	This is a great question! I have absolutely no scientific proof to back this up, but, given enough time (billions of years) I think ANYTHING is possible in regards to evolution. We evolved from single-cell creatures. No reason to think we can't evolve to not need rest.	[ "Under some hypotheses, humans and their recent evolutionary ancestors may have needed to be able to run long distances in order to survive, and therefore natural selection would have favored traits that improve humans ability to run for long periods of time. \n", "Few studies have compared the effects of acute t...
how does mdma make people feel happy and magical? was the happiness already inside the mind in the first place?	> Was the happiness already inside the mind in the first place? Yes. MDMA releases all of your serotonin in your brain. That's what creates the feel good feeling. Of course, you can squeeze all that out at once at the cost of never feeling good about anything the next couple of days until your body can resupply.	[ "MDMA is unpredictable and produces different responses in different people. The drug causes neurotransmitter activation across the main neural pathways (including serotonin and dopamine, noradrenaline) that can result in large mood swings and changes. The memories that emerge under the influence of MDMA can evoke ...
how do massive companies like thomas cook airlines go bust?	By having expenses that are even greater than the amount of money they bring in. For example an airline has to lease incredibly expensive planes, and pay for vast amounts of fuel and labor.	[ "The airline filed for bankruptcy in May 2002, but the bankruptcy was declared invalid in July later that year; however the airline did not resume operations due to the lack of investments, personnel and infrastructure. Aeromexico attempted to buy and rescue the airline in April 2003, but soon abandoned this plan.\...
Why are some alloys better for some musical instruments than others?	Different metals behave differently when forces are applied to them (be it by percussive nature, or by the air itself). One measure of this is the Young's Modulus. Simply stated, the higher the modulus, the stiffer a material is. You can see [here](_URL_0_) that brass/bronze are similar, whilst steel is much stiffer -...	[ "The high malleability and workability, relatively good resistance to corrosion, and traditionally attributed acoustic properties of brass, have made it the usual metal of choice for construction of musical instruments whose acoustic resonators consist of long, relatively narrow tubing, often folded or coiled for c...
If natural or artificial flavorings are supposed to taste like fruit, why does sugar need to be added to soda?	Naturally sweet things have sugar too. Fruit, fructose, notice the entomology there? Its on purpose. Fruit can have an enormous amount of free sugars	[ "Many kinds of fruit have a natural acid content which would be too high to produce a savory and pleasant fruit wine in undiluted form; this can be particularly true, among others, for strawberries, cherries, pineapples, and raspberries. Therefore, much as to regulate sugar content, the fruit mash is generally topp...
Did historical army recruits go through basic training?	There is quite a lot of information out there on the subject of Roman army recruits, and a lot of it can be found in Vegetius' [De Re Militari](_URL_0_) which I strongly recommend anyone interested in this topic to check out. I could really go on for ages about this, but I'll try to keep it short and the points salie...	[ "When first enlisted, a fresh Roman recruit (\"tiro\") was not given real weapons to train with. Instead, he was given wooden swords and shields designed to be twice the weight of their counterparts in battle. This allowed the recruit to develop strength as he trains with these wooden weapons. Alongside battle trai...
what is an operating system kernal and what does it do exactly?	The kernel has 4 essential jobs in a system: - Divide memory over running programs and make sure they don't access each other's memory. This also includes things like swapping things out when too much memory is used. - Provide proper access to all the peripherals of the system. - Schedule the many threads that are ru...	[ "OS-9's notion of processes and I/O paths is quite similar to that of Unix in nearly all respects, but there are some significant differences. Firstly, the file system is not a single tree, but instead is a forest with each tree corresponding to a device. Second, OS-9 does not have a Unix-style fork() system call—i...
how much power does the computer need to fully emulate human's brain?	since we don't have anywhere near enough knowledge of how the human brain works to be able to make a computer emulate one, the correct answer is: No one has a clue.	[ "It is difficult to directly compare silicon-based hardware with neurons. But notes that computer speech recognition is approaching human capabilities, and that this capability seems to require 0.01% of the volume of the brain. This analogy suggests that modern computer hardware is within a few orders of magnitude ...
What's the earliest book we know that teaches (actual) history? As in, do we know the oldest history textbook?	Herodotus is known as "the father of history". He wrote The Histories, which is about the history Greek world and the ethnography and culture of the region. It isn't exactly accurate, but he attempts to tell a somewhat fact based story, rather than relying on the oral tradition like Homer. He includes myths and uses...	[ "The oldest written records in the collection include eight books printed before 1501 (incunables) and 85 printed in Mexico in the 16th century. The oldest printed book is a History of Venice (in Latin) published in 1490 and the oldest manuscript dates to 1452. The eight incunables are \"History of Florence\" (1476...
Did anyone make a fortune from the 1929 stock market crash and the depression that followed? How did he/she/they do it?	(edit: not a historian, just have a passion for all things about financial history :D) Benjamin Graham is a pretty notable example of somebody who made money during the depression years because he modernized the academics around investing. After losing most of his wealth in the crash, he decided to look for a differ...	[ "Despite the dangers of speculation, it was widely believed that the stock market would continue to rise forever. On March 25, 1929, after the Federal Reserve warned of excessive speculation, a small crash occurred as investors started to sell stocks at a rapid pace, exposing the market's shaky foundation. Two days...
are there any differences between prison labor and slave labor and should we worry about the future of privately owned prisons? i know slavery is not entirely illegal according to the 13th amendment. so it's kinda scary to imagine what could happen, am i worrying for no reason?	> ... should we worry about the future of privately owned prisons? I don't think you need to worry about the future, privately owned prisons are a concern today. Instead of working solely to rehabilitate inmates, the prison industrial complex is very involved in lobbying government to influence laws to the benef...	[ "The prison industry also includes private businesses that benefit from the exploitation of the prison labor. Some scholars, using the term prison-industrial complex, have argued that the trend of \"hiring out prisoners\" is a continuation of the slavery tradition, pointing out that the Thirteenth Amendment to the ...
So, say a blind person develops a heightened auditory sense. What would happen to this heightened sense if their vision was restored?	First of all, blind people do not really "develop" heightened senses. They learn to use their existing senses in ways that could be learned by sighted people if they were pressured to do so. By and large, these increased learned capabilities would be intact if vision were returned, and would gradually fade away, just ...	[ "New studies have adapted this hypothesis to explain cross modal plasticity which seems to occur in blind people. This is the fact that other senses in blind people seem to be heightened as a result of the loss of vision. Since blind patients are not exposed to the novel function of visual reading, the cortical are...
why do we study limits in calculus?	Calculus, both integral and differential calculus, is based upon limits. We don't actually reach our answers but we get infinitely close to it. You can't calculate instantaneous rate of change (the value of the derivative) without using two infinitely close points. Well, you do, but not without using limits to der...	[ "Despite these attempts calculus continued to be developed using non-rigorous methods until around 1830 when Augustin Cauchy, and later Bernhard Riemann and Karl Weierstrass, redefined the derivative and integral using a rigorous definition of the concept of limit. The concept of using limits as a foundation for ca...
why is it that normal pencils will rub off with an eraser, but color pencils won't?	Color pencil pigment is carried by wax, which only smears around when it's written on something and then erased. You're essentially writing with a form of grease that carries a coloring agent, and like rubbing your finger across a greasy frying pan, doesn't remove it that well without some other form of chemical help (...	[ "An ink eraser is an instrument used to remove ink from a writing surface, more difficult than removing pencil markings. Older types are a metal scraper, which scrapes the ink off the surface, and an eraser similar to a rubber pencil eraser, but with additional abrasives, such as sand, incorporated. Fibreglass eras...
why i dont have to pay sales tax on most things i buy online	You do. You just have to pay it yourself come tax time. You can only be charged sales tax online if you live in the same state as the site you're buying from. If you don't, you're supposed to, as part of your state taxes, calculate how much you spent on online purchases, then pay the state sales tax on that. The amoun...	[ "In the United States, an advantage of this type of shopping is that the merchant is typically not required by law to add sales tax to the price of the goods, unless they have a physical presence in the customer's state. Instead, most states require the resident purchaser to pay applicable taxes. There has been per...
why after i take a photo of my computer monitor on my phone, if i open the photo and zoom in and out, the lines change almost like they're animated?	This is called moiré. It is caused by two grid-like patterns not quite lining up. Your screen has pixels with dark boundaries, and the phone screen also has pixels with dark boundaries. As these partially line up and the stop lining up as you zoom in and out, changing patterns happen. Moiré patterns are really inter...	[ "A screenshot can be taken on iOS by simultaneously pressing the Home button and the Lock button, however on the new iPhone X it is achieved by pressing the Volume up and Lock button. The screen will flash and the picture will be stored in PNG format in the \"Camera Roll\" if the device has a camera, or in \"Saved ...
how come in america when a bill is passed through the senate, it can have its title and contents completely changed?	So, in order for a bill to become law, it has to be passed by both houses. A bill will start in one house, they'll study it in committee, make changes, vote on it, make more changes, vote on the changes, etc, and then they will eventually reach a consensus. Once the bill is passed by the first house, it goes to the...	[ "Once passed by the Senate, a bill is sent to the House of Delegates for consideration. If the House also approves the bill without amendment, it is sent to the Governor. If there is amendment, however, the Senate may either reconsider the bill with amendments or ask for the establishment of a conference committee ...
does the movie studio pay the movie theater to show their movie? or does the movie theater pay the movie studio to bring in customers by letting them show their movie?	The movie studios and the theaters split the income depending on when people buy tickets to the movie, basically, each side gets a percent of ticket sales For example: Weeks 1 & 2: 90% studio / 10% theater Weeks 3 & 4: 70% studio / 30% theater Weeks 5+: 50% / 50% This can and will vary depending on specifics a...	[ "The manager of the defendant theater owners sent a letter to each of the distributor defendants, in which he demanded as a condition of continued dealing in the distributor's films that the distributor (1) require that second-run theaters never exhibit such films at any time or in any theater at a smaller admissio...
what really happens when i stall my manual car?	You stall because your car is heavy and takes energy to get it moving. Without enough fuel to burn to provide enough energy to move, your car is basically sitting still with the engine turning. This is literally impossible, and since it can't make the car move since it doesn't have enough fuel, the engine stops turning...	[ "With a manual-gearbox car, engine shutdown typically comes with braking to a complete stop, gearbox in neutral and clutch release. Cars with automatic transmissions shut down upon braking to a full stop - the shut down is activated by the footbrake pedal being in use when the car comes to a halt. If the car is slo...
what are the practical uses of logarithms in real life ?	A logarithm is just the inverse of an exponent. Aside from solving equations with exponents in them ( like parabolic trajectories in ballistics for example) they show up in nature a lot). The natural log, which is the inverse of e, I was able to use to model human vision. Ever try dimming your light bulbs (especially...	[ "Logarithms were introduced by John Napier in 1614 as a means to simplify calculations. They were rapidly adopted by navigators, scientists, engineers, surveyors and others to perform high-accuracy computations more easily. Using logarithm tables, tedious multi-digit multiplication steps can be replaced by table lo...
what are "logistics" companies i see in industrial areas?	They are typically for goods distribution. I'm guessing you see a lot of Eastern European companies that handle import/export work.	[ "The term \"logistics\" applies to activities within one company or organization involving product distribution, whereas \"supply chain\" additionally encompasses manufacturing and procurement, and therefore has a much broader focus as it involves multiple enterprises (including suppliers, manufacturers, and retail...
if weight gain/loss is just a matter of calories in and out, why is it so hard to keep weight off?	When you lose weight, the amount of energy your body needs also decreases, as you have a smaller body. A person weighing 300lb/150kg needs more energy to maintain basic body functions than a person weighing 150lb/75kg. So you have to adjust your basic caloric intake to your smaller energy need.	[ "A commonly asserted \"rule\" for weight gain or loss is based on the assumption that one pound of human fat tissue contains about 3,500 kilocalories (often simply called \"calories\" in the field of nutrition). Thus, eating 500 fewer calories than one needs per day should result in a loss of about a pound per week...
I just saw in NatGeo that if you touch a 500 kV wire you would desintegrate from the electrical shock. Is this true?	Usually, you die from a steam explosion, and often your head pops off like a cork because the water in your 'guts' nearly instantly vaporizes. Idiots try to steal wire from high tension lines fairly regularly, especially in Eastern Europe.	[ "Electrical transmission and distribution lines for electric power typically use voltages between tens and hundreds of kilovolts, so contact with or close approach to the line conductors presents a danger of electrocution. Contact with overhead wires is a frequent cause of injury or death. Metal ladders, farm equip...
how come trix stopped making the shape cereal? why is it only circles???	Well, young 'un, back in the day, way back in the day, in the dark ages before the 1990s, Trix were round. So, really, what they are now is what they should look like, not your hippity hop fruit shapes. Now get off my damn lawn, you punk kids, or I'll turn the hose on ya ag'in.	[ "Trix is a brand of breakfast cereal made by General Mills in Minneapolis, Minnesota, for the North American market and by Cereal Partners (using the Nestlé brand) elsewhere in the world. The cereal consists of fruit-flavored, sweetened, ground-corn pieces.\n", "On September 21, 2017, General Mills announced that...
the origin of college spring break?	Back when the US was more religious, Easter was a pretty big holiday & people would get time off to travel & see family. For schools on a quarter system instead of a semester system, spring break is the period between winter & spring terms.	[ "Spring break is a vacation period in early spring at universities and schools which started during the 1930s in the United States and is now observed in many other countries as well. Spring break is frequently associated with extensive gatherings and riotous partying in warm climate locations such as Daytona Beach...
At what point in human history did we start drawing dicks?	I'm sorry, but we don't allow 'First'/'Last' questions on /r/AskHistorians, and so we have removed this submission. It's not that the question is bad; it is simply that, given the rules of this subreddit, these types of questions are ill-suited to its format. We've found that they tend to get responses along the lines ...	[ "This is consistent with the tradition of cave painting originating in the Proto-Aurignacian, with the first arrival of anatomically modern humans in Europe. A 2013 study of finger length ratios in Upper Paleolithic hand stencils found in France and Spain determined that the majority were of female hands, overturni...
why has there been, seemingly all of a sudden, a big push to block pornography on the internet?	It's the thin end of the censorship wedge; once censorship of porn "for the safety of children" is accepted as the norm, it will be so much easier to bring in more censorship of other types of speech/expression that someone wants to suppress. Porn was chosen as a type of literiture that enough people disapprove of to...	[ "BULLET::::- While there is no sustained government policy or strategy to block access to Internet content on a large scale, measures for removing certain content from the web, sometimes for fear they could incite violence, have become more common.\n", "BULLET::::- While there is no sustained government policy or...
why is it safe to eat salmon raw as sushi but not safe to eat it rare when you eat a salmon filet? why is tuna different?	None of those statements are true. It is safe to eat salmon raw as sushi and it is also safe to eat salmon rare .. in a trusted restaurant or setting. It is also safe to eat tuna rare for the same reason - most fish are not susceptible to botulism or salmonella the way other meats are. But it all depends on the han...	[ "Per Food and Drug Administration regulations, raw fish served in the United States must be frozen prior to serving in order to kill parasites. Because of this and the relative difficulty of acquiring fresh seafood compared to Japan, raw seafood (e.g., sashimi) is not as prevalent a component in American-style sush...
Multiple questions about Gamma-Ray Bursts. How dangerous are they to Earth?	> 1\. Would we be able to detect a Gamma-Ray burst heading towards Earth before it hit Earth? No, but with a pretty big catch. They don't come from nowhere. It would be impossible to detect something coming at us at the speed of light, but we'd know it was coming thousands of years in advance from observing nearby ...	[ "Because their energy is strongly focused, the gamma rays emitted by most bursts are expected to miss the Earth and never be detected. When a gamma-ray burst is pointed towards Earth, the focusing of its energy along a relatively narrow beam causes the burst to appear much brighter than it would have been were its ...
how do islands float?	The thing in the video is basically a boat, not an island. Islands are connected to the ground under the water.	[ "A floating island is a mass of floating aquatic plants, mud, and peat ranging in thickness from several centimetres to a few metres. Floating islands are a common natural phenomenon that are found in many parts of the world. They exist less commonly as an artificial phenomenon. Floating islands are generally found...
How do astronomers know the trajectory of very far away objects?	I'm not sure what you're referring to. We can measure the radial velocities (those towards or away from us) of galaxies due to redshift, but tangential velocities (those tangential to our line of sight) we can't. At least not that I'm aware of (never discount an astronomer's ability to find some clever way to estimate ...	[ "The path of a small planet, comet, or long-range spacecraft can often be accurately modeled starting from the 2-body elliptical orbit around the sun, and adding small corrections from the gravitational attraction of the larger planets in their known orbits.\n", "In order to determine the unknown orbit of a body,...
How do traditional filament lightbulbs fail?	The tungsten evaporates from the filament. You can tell a new filament from a well worn one by looking at it under a microscope. As it ages, it develops more resistance at the thinnest spot. Eventually, the filament breaks. Old bulbs can have a dark coating of tungsten on the inside of the glass bulb. Halogen bulbs get...	[ "The filaments can burn out (fail) at the end of the lamp's lifetime, opening the circuit and losing the capability to heat up. Both filaments lose function as they are connected in series, with just a simple switch start circuit a broken filament will render the lamp completely useless. Filaments rarely burn out o...
how does spotify work?	> with unlimited access to their music for free? Firstly, it's not free. Either you subscribe and straight up pay them money or you get ads which means the companies buying the ad space are paying spotify in the hope that you'll buy their product. As far as convincing bands it's not about convincing bands, it's pay...	[ "Spotify allows users to add local audio files for music not in its catalogue into the user's library through Spotify's desktop application, and then allows users to synchronise those music files to Spotify's mobile apps or other computers over the same Wi-Fi network as the primary computer by creating a Spotify pl...
How does both internet and cable data travel through a coaxial cable?	Different TV channels are separated into different frequencies using [frequency division multiplexing](_URL_3_). They are all transmitted at the same time, and internet data is transmitted/received at the same time as well, in separate frequency bands. There is a great explanation in the "how it works" part of that art...	[ "Cable Internet provides access using a cable modem on hybrid fiber coaxial wiring originally developed to carry television signals. Either fiber-optic or coaxial copper cable may connect a node to a customer's location at a connection known as a cable drop. In a cable modem termination system, all nodes for cable ...
what is diarrhea? what causes it to happen? the cramps, the sounds, the smell, the result.	The final stages of digestion happen in the large intestine. The last bits of nutrients are absorbed, but most importantly, the large intestine absorbs most of the water back out of the digestive waste. Food, as it's digested, is mixed with a whole lot of water and basically turns into a soupy mess. But you don't wa...	[ "Exudative diarrhea occurs with the presence of blood and pus in the stool. This occurs with inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, and other severe infections such as \"E. coli\" or other forms of food poisoning.\n", "Chronic diarrhea can be the part of the presentations of a...
- surrealism	The doctors say I have insufficient mactelinium in my diet. But mactelinium is a fictitious substance and I've never seen a doctor in my life, and I am a doctor. What should the government do? It's important, because we can't have people like you running around and performing abortions on plants.	[ "Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early 1920s, and is best known for the artistic and literary production of those affiliated with the Surrealist Movement. Surrealist artworks feature the element of surprise, the uncanny, the unconscious, unexpected juxtapositions and non sequitur; however, many ...
why do banana slices split so easily into thirds?	Banana the fruit is made of 3 wedge shaped strips.	[ "Bananas are peeled and then sliced horizontally into thin slices and added to a bowl of custard, the custard is then heated until it is piping hot. The hot custard and banana slices are then served. Some versions are served with chilled custard. \n", "When the tip of a banana is pinched with two fingers, it will...
why does the human body store extra food (energy) as fat, while allowing extra vitamins and minerals to be passed through your body within hours?	It's not that your body requires them to pass through your system, it's just that some vitamins are fat soluble (which means they can be stored in your body tissues) and others are water soluble (your body absorbs what it can and the rest is urinated out). Your body stores energy because without a constant source of e...	[ "The body has a natural store of fat (also called \"adipose tissue\") that stores reserve energy. One can still stay alive while the body breaks down the fatty tissue (hence people wasting away from starvation).\n", "When the body is expending more energy than it is consuming (e.g. when exercising), the body's ce...
How far away are asteroids from each other?	It depends entirely on what kind of sizes you want to talk about, as there are far more light asteroids than heavy asteroids, but in general the answer is "really really far away". Note that the total mass of the asteroid belt is only 4% of the mass of the Moon ([1](_URL_1_)), while being spread out over an insanely l...	[ "On 8 January 2003, the asteroid approached the Earth from in front to a distance of , its closest approach for nearly a century. Since that date, it has been hurrying ahead (with a semi-major axis less than 1 AU), and will continue to do so until it has reached its closest approach from behind on 11 July 2097 at a...
The British people, who were "Protestant Christians", were the ones who colonized India. How come most Indians are "Roman Catholic" instead of protestant?	Most Indians under British rule didn't change their religion, they are still mostly Hindu, only 2.3% are Christians. The tiny state of Goa in western India on the other hand was under Portuguese rule for centuries and long before the British were there. In fact it didn't join the rest of India until 1961. As you may kn...	[ "Indians also entered Australia in the first half of the 20th century when both Australia and India were still British colonies. Indian Sikhs came to work on the banana plantations in Southern Queensland. Today a large number of them live in the town of Woolgoolga (a town lying roughly halfway between Sydney and Br...
why does it seem sometimes to require more physical and mental effort to stay still than to move/ jig/ sway?	Making yourself sit still requires some form of mind/body focus, which can require immense amounts of mental energy. Also, evolutionarily speaking, human beings naturally aren't used to maintaining a still posture for hours on end.	[ "While walking back and forth, practitioners should be aware of the feeling or the feet. It is not necessary to say to themselves, \"right foot moves\", \"left foot moves\". Practitioners should not walk too fast or too slow, they have to walk naturally.\n", "Physical movement stimulates long-term memory and reca...
japanese-korean relations, and why korea is constantly asking for compensations and apologies when they were given.	> Why is Korea asking for apologies when Europeans aren't asking Germany for apologies? They probably would be asking for apologies from Germany, if political and government officials there kept visiting a shrine to those executed after the Nuremberg trials every year and making statements to the effect that various...	[ "Although diplomatic relations were established by treaty in 1965, South Korea continues to request an apology and compensation for Korea under Japanese rule. The Japanese government has not apologized officially and many Japanese cabinet members have also not made apologies. In 2012, The South Korean government an...
How did the Catholic Church respond to the theory of Evolution?	There have been few papal statements on the issue of evolution. In general, the Church has declared that this subject is outside of its purview. Many overstate the assertions made by Pius XII in 1950, found in [Humani Generis](_URL_0_), sections 36 and 37. > (36) For these reasons the Teaching Authority of the Ch...	[ "Catholic concern about evolution has always been very largely concerned with the implications of evolutionary theory for the origin of the human species; even by 1859, a literal reading of the \"Book of Genesis\" had long been undermined by developments in geology and other fields. No high-level Church pronounceme...
movies and film from past decades still look fairly decent. why do live sports from the same eras look so bad? even highlights from just 10 years ago look greatly inferior to nowadays.	The type of recording media being used. Film looked (and still looks) awesome, but it's really expensive and time consuming to work with. It also takes extra steps to take something shot on film and broadcast it on TV. So for sports, it just wasn't an option. Recording to magnetic tape systems was much less expensive...	[ "This compilation of films covers all sports activities. Sports films have been made since the era of silent films, such as the 1915 film \"The Champion\" starring Charlie Chaplin. Films in this genre can range from serious (\"Raging Bull\") to silly (\"Horse Feathers\"). A classic theme for sports films is the tri...
why is it that we’re always told to stay away from power lines as they could kill us, but birds and squirrels have no issue running/sitting on them?	Earthing. Lots of birds and small animals do get killed by powerlines when they touch both the live wire and an earthing path. If you only touch the one wire and nothing else, in theory, you'll be ok.	[ "Squirrels have been the cause of many power outages in Pennsylvania. Cris Thomas has said that in the United States there have been six deaths associated with squirrel attacks on infrastructure, such as downed power lines (and two with other animals).\n", "Ground squirrels may carry fleas that transmit diseases ...
how reddit makes money, please.	Just like any other sites pushing content, Reddit makes money off reddit gold(almost like subscription fees), ads, reddit store and reddit gifts. There's also redditTV and RedditRadio which they get paid for through a contract for linking. I would imagine imgur is financially linked with reddit as well.	[ "Forbes.com uses a \"contributor model\" in which a wide network of \"contributors\" writes and publishes articles directly on the website. Contributors are paid based on traffic to their respective Forbes.com pages; the site has received contributions from over 2,500 individuals, and some contributors have earned ...
what's a neocon?	So, starting in the 1960's a lot of democrats at the time rejected the leftward shift the party had started to take, and made a transition to the GOP. In modern US politics, neoconservative is probably a fitting label for most "mainstream" U.S. Republicans -- Reagan, George Bush (Jr and Sr), Romney, and Paul Ryan for ...	[ "Neoism is a parodistic -ism. It refers both to a specific subcultural network of artistic performance and media experimentalists, and more generally to a practical underground philosophy. It operates with collectively shared pseudonyms and identities, pranks, paradoxes, plagiarism and fakes, and has created multip...
how come former british colonies do not have nobility?	The British Empire did not grant Lordships to those who ruled or owned land in their colonies and by the time those countries gained independence they had developed cultures without nobility.	[ "All of Europe's monarchies, except Norway, recognise nobility and hereditary titles. Their royal and princely courts also allow their use as courtesy titles by persons entitled to them under former monarchical regimes, unless they are accredited (e.g., to the Court of St. James's) in a diplomatic capacity without ...
What's at the center of Jupiter?	That's hard to answer because current models are bas on estimations and computer calculations. The best model suggests, that jupiter has a inner solid core made of iron and therefore siderophile metals aswell and sillicate rock. It is surrounded by by an also solid layer of hot ice. These are the main ingredients. Ho...	[ "Jupiter is the northernmost town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. According to a 2017 Census Bureau estimate, the town had a population of 64,976. It is 87 miles north of Miami, and the northernmost community in the Miami metropolitan area, home to 6,012,331 people in a 2015 Census Bureau estimate. Ju...
why can a capacitor let through alternating current and not direct current?	Electric current can be likened to a system of pipes full of water. The capacitor, in a water system, would be a rubber film blocking the flow of water. When you induce a flow in one direction, the water can stretch the rubber, but the elastic film will not let the water through. When the pump is turned off, the flow m...	[ "Alternating current is different from direct current in that the current can flow through what would ordinarily seem to be a physical barrier. In a series circuit, a capacitor blocks direct current but passes alternating current.\n", "BULLET::::- Since alternating current (AC) flows very well through the capacit...
Are there any historical instances of spies or agents being turned due to acceptance of "enemy" ideology?	Well we don't actually know much about his original motivation (i.e, if he meant to turn from the beginning or not) but [Agent Zigzag](_URL_0_) aka Eddie Chapman is a fairly famous WW2 example. A criminal in jail in Jersey, picked up by the Germans when they invaded and offered to spy for them, was trained to the highe...	[ "Some people become spies because of their beliefs. These can include political opinions, national allegiances, and cultural or religious beliefs. This was particularly true during the Cold War, when many spies were motivated by their support for the ideologies of either the Western world or the Communist bloc. Exa...
What happens if you add a catalyst to a chemical reaction that reacts with one of the reactants?	How can a catalyst promote a reaction if it does not react with one of the reactants? The role of the catalyst is to interact with your reagents. The key to promoting catalytic reactions is being able to regenerate your active catalyst. A simple example is the Pd(0)-- > Pd(II) cycle, as shown in [Heck type coupling](_U...	[ "Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process regenerating the catalyst. The following is a typical reaction scheme, where C represents the catalyst, X and Y are reactants, and Z is the product of the reaction of X and Y...
what does kombucha do for the body exactly and what makes good bacteria different?	Nothing that any other fizzy sweet drink doesn't do. Kombucha has no real health benefits. It's all hype.	[ "She used a combination of biochemical experiments, bacterial genetics, and electron microscopy to investigate how bacteria transport lipopolysaccharides from the cellular interior where they are produced to the outer membrane where they reside. This work required the development of a new technique to separate the ...
At what point in European history were black powder weapons introduced? At what point did they become very common artillery weapons on the battlefield?	I happen to be doing a bit of research on this at the moment, looking at gunpowder weapons in 14th century London. I can't really comment on explosives, because England doesn't seem to have bothered with them, but I can talk a lot about cannons. Short Answer Simple gunpowder weapons emerged in Europe in the 1320...	[ "In the early thirteenth century the Chinese turned black-powder–propelled objects, formerly only used for entertainment, into weapons of war. The Chinese ‘arrows of fire’ were fired from a sort of catapult launcher. The black powder was packed in a closed tube that had a hole in one end for escaping hot gases, and...
i've always heard that lightning won't strike my car because the tires are rubber. so, 1) what about rubber repels electricity, and 2) how does lightning know my car has rubber tires?	Lightning strikes cars all the time. Nothing about your tires or anything will prevent that. What people generally say is that tires prevent the electricity from traveling to the passenger compartment and killing you... That too is wrong. When lighting strikes a car the electricity takes the path of least resistance wh...	[ "BULLET::::- Possible increased particulate matter emissions from tires. This is sometimes caused by the fact that most electric cars have a heavy battery, which means the car's tires are subjected to more wear. The brake pads, however, can be used less frequently than in non-electric cars, if regenerative braking ...
why does google maps use computer-generated "imagery" instead of actual satellite imagery in the high arctic?	the satellites probably aren't able to get good images of the extreme poles because their orbit doesn't take them far enough north/south	[ "Some of the sources of collected imagery information for GEOINT are imagery satellites, cameras on airplanes, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and drones, handheld cameras, maps, or GPS coordinates. Recently the NGA and IC have increased the use of commercial satellite imagery for intelligence support, such as the u...
details & ramifications of the new socialist french presidency	Point of clarification: Hollande's not a "socialist", that's just the name of his party. He's more of a center-left social democrat. This gets confusing to Americans because we're sort of unique in the negativity we ascribe to the term.	[ "On May 10, 1981, François Mitterrand became the first socialist leader of the Fifth Republic, defeating Giscard with 51.8 percent of the vote. The socialists and communists also swept the elections for the National Assembly in June in what became known as the \"Rose Vague\" or \"Pink wave\". He promised to \"Chang...
Why does smoking marijuana seem to eliminate many symptoms of a hangover?	We could speculate, but since we don't know precisely what causes hangover (current research suggests it is a complex interplay of an immune response, acetaldehyde toxicity, hypoglycemia, and dehydration), we couldn't tell you exactly why any "cures" do or do not work. With cannabis, there is known research that sugge...	[ "The spins are often reported when alcohol is mixed with cannabis, since both may cause dizziness and magnify each other's effects. Smoking after drinking especially intensifies the effects of the alcohol, often resulting in nausea.\n", "There has been a limited amount of studies that have looked at the effects o...
How is a drug "born"?	There are several avenues that can lead to the discovery or creation of a drug. * Serendipitous discoveries wherein, by coincidence, a researcher finds that some compound has beneficial properties against a condition. After such a discovery, time is usually spent isolating the exact chemical structure of the active ag...	[ "\"A Star Is Born\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Jay-Z from his eleventh studio album \"The Blueprint 3\" (2009). The song, produced by Kanye West, Kenoe and No I.D., features a verse from American rapper J. Cole, Jay-Z's protege and the first artist to be signed to his Roc Nation label. In the so...
Were any of the pre-Colonial societies north of Mesoamerica imperialistic?	One of the most warlike and military active Native American tribes in North Eastern North America was the Iroquois. They fought a series of wars of conquest (basically Iroquois against all) for about 130 years, from 1540? until the Great Peace of Montreal in 1701. These wars are sometimes called “The Beaver Wars”. T...	[ "In the Pre-Columbian era, the northern areas of the relaxing Central America were inhabited by the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica. Most notable among these were the Maya peoples, who had built numerous cities throughout the region, and the Aztecs, who had created a vast empire. The pre-Columbian cultures of eas...
A good map for Gaul and the surrounding in The Gallic Wars	The excellent site _URL_3_ has these (small) maps: [The Provence](http://www._URL_3_/site/assets/files/21076/caesar_map_6.gif), [Northern Gaul](_URL_2_), [Gaul](_URL_0_) and [Alesia](http://www._URL_3_/pictures/a/maps/map-of-the-siege-of-alesia/). You could also use this [larger map](_URL_1_) which comes from a site ...	[ "According to the Roman ethnography and Julius Caesar in his narrative Commentaries on the Gallic War, Gaul was divided into three main regions: Belgica, Aquitania and Celtica. The inhabitants of Belgica were called Belgae, those of Aquitania were called Aquitani. The inhabitants of the Celtica region called themse...
Would a man and woman who 'excelled' at today's standards of beauty be judged "most beautiful" at points in the past?	A shapely bosom always went down well in 18th century France. Louis XV's first words to the Duc de Choiseul about the arrival of the new Dauphine Marie-Antoinette were famously 'How is her bosom?' to which the Duke replied 'I did not look at the Archduchess' bosom,' to which the King in turn replied 'It would have been...	[ "Theoretical physicist Thomas Fink defines beauty in \"The Man's Book\" both in terms of ships launched and in terms of the number of women, on average, than whom one woman will be more beautiful. He defines one \"helen\" (H) as the quantity of beauty to be more beautiful than 50 million women, the number of women ...
how does a game on pc get poorly optimized?	Yes, either game code being more complicated than it needs to be, wasting clock cycles and RAM. Or, on the driver side of things, which someone more knowledgeable can explain	[ "This type of problem is difficult to predict and compensate for. Apart from enforcing minimum hardware requirements and attempting to optimize the game for better performance, there are no feasible ways to deal with it.\n", "Because of the possibilities to edit the performance of the car, or to make other aspect...
Historical Method Question	The greatest shift I remember experiencing between undergrad and grad work was that I had to re-learn how to read a book. We had to read so many, it was not physically possible to read through them all as one did as an undergrad. Instead, we took the book apart: read the intro, read the conclusion, read the first and l...	[ "\"In history, the term historical method was first introduced in a systematic way in the sixteenth century by Jean Bodin in his treatise of source criticism, \"Methodus ad facilem historiarium cognitionem\" (1566). Characteristically, Bodin's treatise intended to establish the ways by which reliable knowledge of t...
What did regular western Europeans understand by the word "socialism" in the late 19th century?	Can you narrow down who you're talking about? A French peasant and a worker in a Manchester factory would have quite different understandings.	[ "The term \"socialism\", used from the 1830s onwards in France and the United Kingdom, was directly related to what was called the social question. In essence, early socialists contended that the emergence of competitive market societies did not create \"liberty, equality and fraternity\" for all citizens, requirin...
if you would go into space, and go out of space 12 hours later, would you be on the other side of the earth?	No. Maybe. Depends. This really depends on how you go about going to space. If you just shoot up straight (more or less) that it takes 12 hours to come down again then yes you will approximately be on the opposite side but still on the same hemisphere (so not quite the opposite point). If you add some north/south...	[ "We will never get a man into space. This earth is man's sphere and it was never intended that he should get away from it. The moon is a superior planet to the earth and it was never intended that man should go there. You can write it down in your books that this will never happen.\n", "For example, suppose that ...
Ottoman sultans - fratricide and infertility	The murder of brothers was allowed, yes; but not every prince committed the act. Sometimes, when an heir claimed throne, there was already a brother or uncle in the picture no one really cared about. Mustafa I, Murad IV and Ibrahim the Deranged are the first ones that come to mind. Another thing is, Ottomans weren't r...	[ "Hafsa Sultan (‎; died March 1534) was the wife of Selim I and the first valide sultan of the Ottoman Empire as the mother of Suleiman the Magnificent. During the period between her son's enthronement in 1520 and her death in 1534, she was one of the most influential persons in the Ottoman Empire.\n", "Şah Sultan...
Could a donor organ live forever if constantly donated before each persons death?	_URL_2_ _URL_0_ _URL_1_ Summary: A kidney can be reused, but scar tissue will build up as it is integrated into the new person making reuse each time more difficult. A kidney will only last a decade or two with current anti-rejection medications. Transplant patients regularly die of other conditions that can dama...	[ "If the donor is living then he may not donate an organ where this will risk his death, even if this is to save the life of another. However, where there will be no appreciable detriment to his health, he may do so, and some even argue he is obligated.\n", "Organ donation is possible after cardiac death in some s...
how come you need to "re-login" websites, especially when both the username and password is remembered by the browser?	In most cases, it's the website that determines whether you're "logged in". The browser is where your username/password are saved. The website doesn't know that you've saved your username/password. For a more technical explanation - persistent logins to websites are usually done with 'cookies' - these little data fi...	[ "The password manager in Firefox 3 asks the user if they would like it to remember the password after the login attempt rather than before. By doing this users are able to avoid storing an incorrect password in the password manager after a bad login attempt.\n", "Every page with a password form gives the user the...
why is the jump from 240p to 360p so extreme, but 360p to 480p is so minor?	Part of this could be that if YouTube defaults a video to 240p, it's because the video was already recorded with a potato (great wording, by the way. I'm stealing that phrase). If you record something in 240p, even if you scale it up to 1080p it's still going to look terrible. However, the gains you get from adding pi...	[ "A 720p60 (720p at 59.94 Hz) video has advantage over 480i and 1080i60 (29.97/30 frame/s, 59.94/60 Hz) in that it comparably reduces the number of 3:2 artifacts introduced during transfer from 24 frame/s film. However, 576i and 1080i50 (25 frame/s, 50 Hz), which are common in Europe, generally do not suffer from pu...
How much closer would a human have to travel (Mi./Km) towards the Sun to feel a noticeable rise in temperature? Vice verse for traveling away from the sun?	Are we in space or on earth? The sun transmits heat via radiation (vs convection or conduction). The amount of energy transmitted follows an inverse square law (1/x^2) so if you are twice as close to the sun, you experience 4 times the energy transfer. You have a LOT of variables to consider if you are in space. What...	[ "Most people say, \"A few degrees? So what? If I change my thermostat a few degrees, I'll live fine.\" ... [The] point is that one or two degrees is about the experience that we have had in the last 10,000 years, the era of human civilization. There haven't been—globally averaged, we're talking—fluctuations of more...
Does Germany have any fund/program in place to aid the families of Holocaust victims?	Yes. Germany began an (extremely controversial) reparations system in the 50s. It compensated Israel for absorbing refugees, as well as property and labor confiscated from people who were killed (those figures were all approximations, of course). There are also reparations programs to compensate individuals who lost ...	[ "In addition, funds from restitution programs were used to finance social welfare programs for needy Nazi victims, as well as finance projects for Holocaust remembrance and education and the strengthening of Jewish identity through cultural programs.\n", "Following annual negotiations between the Claims Conferenc...
how are meals like ramen or sichuan (which are largely based on fatty meats and lots of oil) more healthy than a meal like a burger?	It's not, necessarily. It depends on size and ingredients. Also, "Sichuan" is an entire region (and an entire genre of cuisine), not a particular dish. All in all, ramen has similar macronutrients to a burger. Plenty of fat in the broth and meat, some protein in the meat, and lots of carbs in the noodles. Comp...	[ "Xuzhou's cuisine tends to be high in fat and salt. Restaurants use a lot of oil and salt in their cooking, including vegetable dishes and soups. Meat is often very fatty, and it tends to be chopped up with the bones still in it.\n", "Anfu ham () is an ancient dry-cured ham from Anfu, Jiangxi, China. It is eaten ...
/ what is color?	The atom is the smallest part of matter that still retains its physical properties (such as color). So yeah, if you get any fixed amount of gold atoms only, it will always be golden; the same golden. Since most objects are not made of single kinds of atoms, but substances, we have to think about the color of the molecu...	[ "First, \"color\" refers to the human brain's subjective interpretation of combinations of a narrow band of wavelengths of light. For this reason, the definition of \"color\" is not based on a strict set of physical phenomena. Therefore, even basic concepts like \"primary colors\" are not clearly defined. For examp...
how exactly do non-red blood cells get oxygen from the red blood cells?	> How exactly do non-red blood cells get oxygen from the red blood cells? Non-red blood cells produce CO2 by reacting sugars or fatty acids with oxygen. CO2 combines with water in the blood to form small amounts of carbonic acid. Carbonic acid lowers the pH of the red blood cell. Oxygen is released as the abili...	[ "Vertebrate red blood cells consist mainly of hemoglobin, a complex metalloprotein containing heme groups whose iron atoms temporarily bind to oxygen molecules (O) in the lungs or gills and release them throughout the body. Oxygen can easily diffuse through the red blood cell's cell membrane. Hemoglobin in the red ...
most 3d renders (like blender) can render via gpu or cpu? why not both at the same time for maximum efficiency?	It takes a lot longer to send information from the CPU to the GPU and back than you would think. Processors are fast, but transfer speeds between parts on your computer slow compared to that, so it would take longer to have both the CPU and GPU working on it at the same time than it would for just one of them to do it....	[ "Some renderers execute on the GPU instead of the CPU (e.g. FurryBall, Redshift, Octane). The parallelized nature of GPUs can be used for shorter render times. However, GPU renderers are constrained by the amount of video memory available.\n", "When performing basic 3D-rendering with only texture mapping and no o...
Why did Ottoman Sultans take so many consorts from the Caucasus?	By the 18th and 19th centuries Circassians were just known for their beauty. It's not uncommon even today to have regions where the women are reputed to be particularly beautiful. In modern Turkey, it's Izmir (which perhaps not coincidentally is known for the large number of Circassians and other Caucasus Muslim refuge...	[ "The marriages of Ottoman sultans and their sons in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries tended to be with members of the ruling dynasties of neighbouring powers. With little regard for religion, the sultans contracted marriages with both Christians and Muslims; the purpose of these royal intermarriages were pure...
Can I get some reliable sources on the percentage of equipment used by the UK and USSR that came from Lend-Lease or was otherwise manufactured in the United States during WWII?	I googled a little bit and found for example [this chart](_URL_0_) on [this page](_URL_1_). That's only for China, but imagine that other chapters might have similar charts?	[ "During World War II, Engineering Plant № 74 served as the main firearm manufacturer for the Soviet Armed Forces. Since Operation Barbarossa left the Soviet Union in a very desperate position, the plant produced as many firearms as it was physically capable of, more firearms than its lifespan for 92 years prior. Fr...
what causes the light pain in joints/injuries before a storm?	Please remember to search before posting, as this question has already been asked, but I will answer anyways. What's happening is that part of your is more susceptible to changes in barometric pressure. (Fairly sure it's due to excess fluid, don't quote me, I'm not a doctor, I only play one on Reddit). It's the same ...	[ "Just as heat can cause expanding air in the lungs, the explosive shock wave created by lightning (the cause of thunder) can cause concussive and auditory injury at extremely close range. Other physical injury can be caused by objects damaged or thrown by the lightning strike. For example, lightning striking a near...

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.