Split (2)

train · 226k rows

question stringlengths 3 301	answer stringlengths 9 26.1k	context list
is it feasible to build a modern computer from scratch?	No, it's not. Especially since different parts of a modern computer require many different fields of knowledge to build. Chemistry, physics, mathematics, engineering, software engineering. You'd also have to know several programming languages including C++, C#, HTML, PHP, and probably some Lua and Java.	[ "Many amateur-built computers are built primarily from used or \"spare\" parts. It's sometimes necessary to build a computer that will run an obsolete operating system or proprietary software for which updates are no longer available, and which will not run properly on a current platform. Economic reasons may also ...
why do human eyelids follow the iris when looking down but there's no eyelid to follow when looking up?	Because your eyelids aren’t the same. You have a hood and the bottom one. The hood is far more mobile. The bottom one does follow your eyes up, just not as much.	[ "The human eye is relatively rare for having an iris that is small enough for its position to be plainly visible against the sclera. This makes it easier for one individual to infer where another individual is looking, and the cooperative eye hypothesis suggests this has evolved as a method of nonverbal communicati...
how do windows registry cleaners decide what to remove?	Some basic things right off the bat are references to .dll files that are no longer there. For example if you uninstalled a program and the registry had entries pointing towards a now removed .dll file that's considered useless. Another one would be having an entry that references a filetype that the cleaner determines...	[ "Some registry cleaners make no distinction as to the severity of the errors, and many that do may erroneously categorize errors as \"critical\" with little basis to support it. Removing or changing certain registry data can prevent the system from starting, or cause application errors and crashes.\n", "Registry ...
How much more technologically advanced were 15th-century Europeans compared to the height of the Roman Empire?	The Europeans were actually quite a bit more advanced than the late Romans. The horse collar and the associated harness allowed for heavy plows and the tilling of land that had not been able to produce as much grain as previously. Farmers could plow deeper and seed the soil in a way that protected the seeds against th...	[ "The period in which technological progress was fastest and greatest was during the 2nd century and 1st century BC, which was the period in which Roman political and economic power greatly increased. By the 2nd century, Roman technology appears to have peaked.\n", "The Roman Empire was one of the most technologic...
Did the Jews try to remake a kingdom/state in between the diaspora and 1948?	First of all, modern Zionism began in the late 1800s/early 1900s, not 1948. But beyond that nitpicking, the answer is mostly no. After the series of failed revolts against the Romans, desire among Jews for political independence by-and-large faded. There were, at various times, movements of Jews to migrate to Israel...	[ "There were several proposals for a Jewish state in the course of Jewish history between the destruction of ancient Israel and the founding of the modern State of Israel. While some of those have come into existence, others were never implemented. The Jewish national homeland usually refers to the State of Israel o...
what is a band and when does a band go from being a band to being an orchestra?	Usually, a band does not have stringed instruments. A band would consist of brass instruments, like trumpets and trombones, and woodwind instruments such as flutes, saxophones and clarinets. Orchestras are primarily made up of stringed instruments, such as violin, viola and cello. Brass and woodwinds are also some...	[ "A school band is a group of student musicians who rehearse and perform instrumental music together. A concert band is usually under the direction of one or more conductors (band directors). A school band consists of woodwind instruments, brass instruments and percussion instruments, although upper level bands may ...
why do wedding dresses turn yellow after a period of time?	Many white things turn yellow over time. Generally it's the result of sunlight or oxidation. White cotton generally gets its white color from being bleached and washed with fabric whiteners. Fabric whiteners and brighteners are temporary dyes that add a slight blueish tint to the wash. Modern ones use optical brighten...	[ "The tradition of a white wedding is commonly credited to Queen Victoria's choice to wear a white wedding dress at her wedding to Prince Albert in 1840, at a time when white was associated with purity and conspicuous consumption (because it was difficult to keep clean, and thus could not be worn by servants or labo...
why is there so much room in food packaging?	To avoid crushing your food. The packaging can be squished a bit until the pressurized air can support whatever is crushing it. If your chip bag was 100% chips it would be 1/3 crumbs.	[ "Packaging protects food from damage during its transportation from farms and factories via warehouses to retailing, as well as preserving its freshness upon arrival. Although it avoids considerable food waste, packaging can compromise efforts to reduce food waste in other ways, such as by contaminating waste that ...
What were the main differences between the "Young Ottoman" and "Young Turk" movements?	Both started out as pan-Ottoman movements seeking to preserve the state through representative government involving all of its constituent peoples. But whereas the Young Ottomans came to see Islam as the basis of a core identity for the empire - uniting as it did Turks and Arabs to the south - the Young Turks increasin...	[ "As the first group to address the issue of Western modernity, future revolutionary movements such as the Young Turks drew both methods and ideology from the Young Ottomans, though they tended to focus on patriotic Ottomanism rather than their emphasis on a return to the fundamentals of Islam. Additionally, their e...
during a police interrogation, can you actually get away with not saying anything until you're provided with a lawyer?	Depends on where you live, but I assume you are talking about the United States. In the US, the sixth amendment to the constitution says the following: > In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime sha...	[ "Although police can use linguistic strategies to elicit confessions from suspects, they do not have unconditional power to intimidate suspects into providing information. A number of protections exist for suspects under interrogation, including the Fifth Amendment, Miranda Rights, and other legal mandates.\n", "...
The Maginot line	[This answer](_URL_0_) by /u/kieslowskifan explains that the French really wanted to build the line along the Belgium\german border and planned to pay for their construction. The plan was that Belgium fortifications and natural terrain would delay the Germans long enough for French forces to join up with Belgium forces...	[ "The Maginot Line (, ), named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, is a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy...
Painting a roof white vs. solar panels?	Solar panels look black because they're absorbing photons from the sun: that's how they work. A reflective (or white) solar panel wouldn't be worth making because it would bounce off the very things it needs in order to do its job. The term you want to research is "albedo", which is the reflectivity of a planet. Ice h...	[ "White thermoplastic membrane roofs (PVC and TPO), are inherently reflective, achieving some of the highest reflectance and emittance measurements of which roofing materials are capable. A roof made of white thermoplastic, for example, can reflect 80 percent or more of the sun’s rays and emit at least 70% of the so...
How similar was the technology between the Franco-Prussian war and World War I?	> However, the technologies (except for the machine gun) used at the beginning of the war appear to be fairly similar. Nothing could be further from the truth; the Franco-Prussian War was fought using muzzle and breech-loaded artillery pieces, without recoil systems. from the 1890s onwards, artillery pieces began to...	[ "In the 19th century, Britain and France exploited the rapid technical developments in artillery to serve a War of Movement. Such weapons served well in the colonial wars of that century, and served Germany very well in the Franco-Prussian War, but trench warfare was more like a siege, and called for siege guns. Th...
why can sports teams, sports channels on tv, or sporting news on the internet reveal the exact details of sports players' injuries if hipaa exists?	HIPAA only restricts certain types of organizations from revealing health information (basically healthcare providers and insurers, plus their agents). The Hospital---without a release from the patient---couldn't say much of anything about a famous person's injury or treatment, but the coach or the team can. It is al...	[ "Because of issues involved with any sport that involves rapid contact, many sports governing bodies are changing their rules to decrease the incidence of serious injury. An example of this is the NFL banning concussed players from re-entering the same game in which they were injured in order to decrease further da...
the protective qualities of charcoal	It is extremely porous and has a large capacity for adsorption, meaning substances (often organic macromolecules in the situations you describe) can stick to its surface and be bound up. Its doesnt have as high a capacity as some other materials, but is cheap and can be made with varying pore sizes to suit the substanc...	[ "Health benefits have been claimed for charcoal back to classical times, when Hippocrates and Pliny recommended it for conditions such as anthrax and vertigo. Activated charcoal adsorbs chemicals and so may bind to both toxins and vital nutrients such as vitamins. Its effects are therefore broad and indiscriminate....
Chinese laborers were used to help build the first transcontinental railroad but how did Chinese laborers get to the frontier if they were departing from Asia?	Chinese migrant labor in the US railroad industry was more or less pioneered by the Central Pacific Railroad, which was a corporation in practice based in Sacramento CA, and building one end of the transcontinental railroad heading east. Until the trans-continental railroad was complete Chinese railroad laborers were ...	[ "Chinese labor was the most vital source for constructing the railroad. Fifty Cantonese emigrant workers were hired by the Central Pacific Railroad in February 1865 on a trial basis, and soon more and more Cantonese emigrants were hired. Working conditions were harsh, and Chinese were compensated less than their wh...
what happens if you're traveling faster than the speed of sound in a jet and you try to talk?	Inside the jet? Nothing interesting. The air around you is not moving any more than it normally would. If you're outside the jet at supersonic speeds, you have bigger issues than hearing your own voice.	[ "In subsonic flight, the plane pushes the air ahead of it out of the way as it moves. When a plane is traveling faster than the speed of sound (i.e. faster than air molecules normally travel) the air ahead of it is not pushed out of the way: the air remains still until the plane has approached to within half an inc...
why is bronze never used in cook-ware?	Copper makes fine cookware, and the additional hardness offered by a bronze alloy isn't really needed for the application.	[ "The use of bronze dates from remote antiquity. This important metal is an alloy composed of copper and tin, in proportion which vary slightly, but may be normally considered as nine parts of copper to one of tin. Other ingredients which are occasionally found are more or less accidental. The result is a metal of a...
What actually pushes our feces through our large intestines?	Yes it is one big muscle. The entire tube that is your GI tract has smooth muscle around it from your esophagus all the way to your anus. Once food gets into your intestines (large or small) there is something known as peristalsis (this happens elsewhere too, but let's focus on just the intestines). Wikipedia has a gre...	[ "In the large intestine the passage of food is slower to enable fermentation by the gut flora to take place. Here water is absorbed and waste material stored as feces to be removed by defecation via the anal canal and anus.\n", "Humans expel feces with a frequency varying from a few times daily to a few times wee...
How do worker bees evolve if they aren't the ones reproducing?	This is interesting... Since the reproducing bees don'thave the life the worker bees do, the evolutionary pressue is a different one. Well I guess if the workers get a beneficial trait just by chance, the whole colony would prosper. The other way around, if the worker bees get a worse trait for their evolutionary nic...	[ "Beekeepers use the ability of the bees to produce new queens to increase their colonies in a procedure called \"splitting a colony\". To do this, they remove several brood combs from a healthy hive, taking care to leave the old queen behind. These combs must contain eggs or larvae less than three days old and be c...
Does Earth's magnetic field have 'hotspots' or areas/lines with greater magnetic fields?	You can see from this contour map where the field is strongest and weakest. _URL_0_	[ "The Earth's magnetic field was established 3.5 billion years ago. The solar wind flux was about 100 times the value of the modern Sun, so the presence of the magnetic field helped prevent the planet's atmosphere from being stripped away, which is what probably happened to the atmosphere of Mars. However, the field...
why are people who watch cartoons looked down upon for being childish?	Historically, most cartoons were made for children. Not everyone knows that there are now many animated films made for adults, so they get confused and imagine you're watching a children's show.	[ "The parents start to suspect the nonsensical cartoon is dangerous, as \"stupidity can be worse than vulgarity and violence\" and compare it to \"Battle of the Network Stars\". Sheila Broflofski suggests it is just another harmless fad. This is juxtaposed with the truth of the fad's influence, which has turned the ...
why the japanese empire invaded small islands during ww2 and didn't have a larger mainland campaign	You only hear about the island battles because that is were they fought Americans, and thus the only part of WW2 that is "important". There were many battles fought on the mainland especially in China.	[ "Japan invaded and occupied the islands in 1914, during World War I. This occupation was carried out by two naval squadrons: the Western Carolines under the squadron commanded by Rear Admiral Matsumura Tatsuo (1868–1932), and the Eastern Carolines under Vice-Admiral Yamaya Tanin (1866–1940). In 1920, after the conc...
What was the usual treatment for cardiac arrest before CPR and defibrillation?	I'm going to limit my answer is scope, so I want to be really specific about terminology because I THINK I know what you're asking. The phrase "cardiac arrest" can cause a lot of confusion, and even major media outlets mess it up a lot (for example, calling it "heart failure" which certainly sounds like it would be a s...	[ "In 1979, Cobb and UW professor Mickey Eisenberg began training fire department emergency medical technician - Basics (EMT-Bs) to perform the administration of defibrillation for patients in cardiac arrest since the EMTs were usually at the patient’s side several minutes before the paramedics. Eisenberg began train...
why don't more cell carriers enable wifi calling and texting?	They don't want to spend money that will make their telecoms towers obsolete. They'd still have to maintain them, but then having WiFi calling as well is just move investment for little benefit. What they gain in WiFi calling usage, they'd lose in cell tower usage. Essentially, what's the point?	[ "Cell phones are not used as the primary mode of communication, partly because coverage is poor or non-existent along many stretches of the tour, and partly because it was decided to be beneficial that all traffic be open. Reasoning for communications traffic being open includes benefits such as everyone involved k...
Why didn't Reagan uphold the Monroe Doctrine during the Falkland Islands War?	_URL_0_ This thread from a couple of years ago seems to have the most in-depth answer that I found, by /u/tayaravaknin	[ "Courting further controversy, during the Falklands War of 1982, during which the United Kingdom battled Argentina for control of the Falkland Islands, Livingstone stated his belief that the islands rightfully belonged to the Argentinian people, but not the military junta then ruling the country. Upon British victo...
Is there any relation between the gravity field and the higgs field?	This is a very common misconception. People see "things with lots of mass strongly interact with gravity" and "the higgs field give the fundamental particles mass" and associate mass with mass and assume they are related. The higgs has very little to do with gravity. Of the 4 forces: gravity, electromagnetism, weak-nu...	[ "In the standard model, the Higgs field is an SU(2) doublet (i.e. the standard representation with two complex components called isospin), which is a scalar under Lorentz transformations. Its electric charge is zero; its weak isospin is ; its weak hypercharge (the charge for the U(1) gauge group) is 1 . Under U(1) ...
Why can't we recycle artificial light energy using a strategy similar to solar panel technology?	We can, but the efficiency is terrible. Solar powered calculators used to be a common thing, and they were being powered by the overhead fluorescents. Unfortunately that's about the limit of the energy you can extract in that way: something tiny and very low powered, largely because the light source itself is relative...	[ "Nevertheless, it is hoped that arrays of optical rectennas could eventually be an efficient means of converting sunlight into electric power, producing solar power more efficiently than conventional solar cells. The idea was first proposed by Robert L. Bailey in 1972. As of 2012, only a few optical rectenna device...
why doesnt food caught in your teeth for days make you sick from bacteria?	It can, especially people with heart disease. Son who had heart surgery has to take penicillin before going to the dentist every time.	[ "Bacteria are responsible for the spoilage of food. When bacteria breaks down the food, acids and other waste products are created in the process. While the bacteria itself may or may not be harmful, the waste products may be unpleasant to taste or may even be harmful to one's health.\n", "In the foregoing, there...
How much influence, if any, did car companies have on the conception, planning, and construction of U.S. interstates?	I've never heard of any involvement at all by auto companies. What source suggested there was? Superhighways were the response of the highway engineering profession to the problems of growing auto traffic and the appalling crash rate when autos were used on the streets and roads laid out in previous centuries. The c...	[ "The introduction of the Interstate Highway System and the suburbanization of America made automobiles more necessary and helped change the landscape and culture in the United States. Individuals began to see the automobile as an extension of themselves.\n", "From the late 1940s and into the early 1960s the dispe...
What is different about the human digestive system that makes us need to cook meat?	We don't need to. People can and do eat raw meat. But cooking food generally makes it easier to digest (true for animals as well as people!) and we are also more inclined to avoid possible diseases much more than animals are.	[ "The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The proce...
Are humans alone in getting sick while pregnant? Why do we get sick if other animals don't?	Not enough research has been done into other animals experiencing morning sickness, but it's possible that they can. Morning sickness in human beings is potentially a mechanism to protect the mother and embryo, expelling toxins consumed in foods humans eat. _URL_0_ So in theory, if an animal was on the same diet as ...	[ "Because animals are the main transporters of \"Salmonella\", crops can become infected. This generally occurs because of the use of manure-based fertilizers on farms. Some animals do not appear sick (especially infected poultry); however, they carry the \"Salmonella\" in their intestines and when they defecate, th...
if the different human races only interbreed with themselves, is it possible to make new species of humans?	No, for the simple reason we are one species. What you might get is evolution and eventual speciation due to gene mutation, but that's as likely to happen in any sub-population.	[ "However, if the separating factor is removed before this happens (e.g. a road is cut through the forest), and the individuals are allowed to move about freely, the individual populations will still be able to interbreed. As the species's populations interbreed over time, they become more genetically uniform, funct...
The French invaded England before and after the War of Roses, why did they not take advantage of the tumultuous period during the WotR and invade England?	[This answer covers some of the main themes pretty well!](_URL_0_)	[ "Following defeat in the Hundred Years' War, English landowners complained vociferously about the financial losses resulting from the loss of their continental holdings; this is often considered a contributory cause of the Wars of the Roses. The wars were fought largely by the landed aristocracy and armies of feuda...
why the fuck does my printer never do what i want it to? why doesn't my computer communicate with my printer as well as my other external devices?	Drivers are problematic. Companies often abandon support sooner than customers would want, which often means you're trying to print with a print driver that was written for an OS older than your own. Try getting a 15 year old device to print from Windows 7 64-bit, for example. Printing subsystems are notoriously fin...	[ "for interfacing with the printer family programatically. Generally, when connecting the printer via RS-232 or RS-485, the commands are sent in binary along with the text. It is therefor possible to use the printers in different applications.\n", "Some host systems or print servers may use a strobe signal with a ...
Were there any exceptions to the fact that ancient cities were usually built on or near a water source?	Depends a bit on what you mean by a water source. Ancient settlements in Yemen were able to support themselves based on the collection of monsoon rains in mountain valley dams, cisterns, and underground aqueduct systems. The Marib dam is one such example and is thousands of years old. It's my understanding that these a...	[ "The Ancient Romans built an extensive system of aqueducts from mountain rivers and lakes to provide water for the fountains and baths of Rome. The Roman engineers used lead pipes instead of bronze to distribute the water throughout the city. The excavations at Pompeii, which revealed the city as it was when it was...
Why do they have different types of mountains in Asia?	They are made of limestone. I think the mountains you speak of are part of the group of geological features known as Karst Topography. There are other places in the world with Karst landscapes, but the areas you are talking about are Older/subjected to far more moisture and subsequently look a bit different than simila...	[ "High-mountain Asia (HMA) extends from the Himalayas in the south and east to the Hindu Kush in the west and Tien Shan in the north. Karakoram, Pamir-Alay, and the Kunlun Mountains are further important mountain ranges in this region.\n", "The Mountains of Central Asia are a biodiversity hot spot designated by Co...
how the weather in california just flipped flop from scorching heat last week to cool? and why are so many people getting sick by this?	Weather dynamics, a heat front or cold front (generally high pressure low pressure areas) flow. In some days the air (generally from the south) is pushed up higher, making more warm air in the area, if the low pressure front (colder area) is more present, it will be cold. Generally a constant temperature change is pre...	[ "This anomalous atmospheric feature disrupted the North Pacific storm track during the winters of 2012/13, 2013/14, 2014/15, resulting in extremely dry and warm conditions in California and along much of the West Coast. The Ridge comprised the western half of a well-defined atmospheric ridge-trough sequence associa...
Why did sails go from square in the ancient era to mostly lateen in the medieval then back to multiple square sails in the age of sail?	Well, first off, I would say that this isn't an entirely clear-cut process; there were ships using square sails when lateens were prevalent, and vice versa, and the "classic" full sail rig we think of developing around the time of the Napoleonic wars incorporated fore-and-aft sails. HMS Victory was launched in 1765 a...	[ "Panokseons were propelled by both sails and oars. Of the two basic types of sail, square and lateen, the square gives a strong performance downwind but struggles windward, whereas the fore-and-aft lateen excels against the wind, though requiring a large crew to handle it. In the West, square sails were used in the...
does a popcorn kernel have the same nutrients as a piece of popcorn?	I would assume the nutrition to be similar. I know that when vegetables are boiled, fried, or baked they lose nutritional value because the heat alters the chemical composition. The same nutrients are still present, but not in the same quantity. Since popcorn is a starch, I assume some changes occur under heat, but not...	[ "Each kernel of popcorn contains a certain amount of moisture and oil. Unlike most other grains, the outer hull of the popcorn kernel is both strong and impervious to moisture and the starch inside consists almost entirely of a hard type.\n", "In the popcorn industry, a popped kernel of corn is known as a \"flake...
Was the creation of the modern state of Israel a one-of-a-kind event in modern history?	The creation of Pakistan from India. Heavy migration of Muslims from all over India to the western part of the subcontinent. To the extent that many of the local rulers (nawwabs) lost their riches and power in favor of the new state. The whole process, from inception to actual independence is about 7 years, I think.	[ "Modern Israel came into existence on 14 May 1948 as the homeland for the Jewish people. It was also defined in its declaration of independence as a \"Jewish state,\" a term that appeared in the United Nations partition decision of 1947 as well. The related term \"Jewish and democratic state\" dates from 1992 legis...
Do lisps exist outside of English?	Well, [Castilian Spanish](_URL_0_) is the most exceptional example of lisp. So, yes indeed.	[ "Lisp is the second oldest family of programming languages in use today, and as such has of dialects and implementations at a wide range of difficulties. Lisp was originally created as a practical mathematical notation for computer programs, based on lambda calculus, which makes it particularly well suited for teac...
How did the introduction of guns affect Japanese (samurai) culture? Were firearms accepted or shunned?	Hello there! A little Japan firearm background: Firearms were brought over from China as early as the 13th century but the application and use of these weapons in armies were scarce at best. The 15th and 16th century saw the arrival of European firearms which were much more advanced than their earlier Chinese counterp...	[ "The arrival in Japan of the United States Navy led by Commodore Perry in 1854 started a period of re-armament. The \"tanegashima\" was an antiquated weapon by the 1800s and various samurai factions acquired advanced firearms including the minié rifle, breech-loading and repeating rifles. The samurai era ended in 1...
what would happen if i ate nothing but nuts?	You wouldn't live very well. The body needs a balanced diet. You'd have very little to no calcium, protein, iron or some required vitamins. You wouldn't die in a week or anything but your health would get worse over time.	[ "The nuts are eaten by humans and animals. Slightly toxic to humans if eaten in large quantities due to the tannins and alkaloids they contain, the nuts were nonetheless pressed to obtain an oil in 19th-century England that was used for cooking and in lamps. They were also ground to make flour, which could be eaten...
How bad was Britain's situation in 1940 when Churchill took over?	If we assume a time period approximate to June 18th, 'Britain's finest hour', then certainly, Britain's position was not an enviable one, but defeat was not a foregone conclusion. In the eyes of the world at least, especially the US, Britain's survival seemed dependent on its ability to resist the inexorable German inv...	[ "Churchill appeared to accept this theory in his memoirs, although he is extremely critical of the poor German intelligence that led to the disaster. He wrote, \"The brutality of the Germans was only matched by the stupidity of their agents. It is difficult to understand how anyone could imagine that with all the r...
Question regarding recent earthquake in Japan and how energy from quakes spread	Ground motion is controlled by earthquake magnitude, distance, and site effects. Site effects include local geology (soft sediments shake more than hard rock), topography (hills can experience seismic resonance, amplifying ground motion), and subsurface structure (a sharp boundary between hard and soft material can al...	[ "Estimates of the Tōhoku earthquake's magnitude make it the most powerful known earthquake to hit Japan, and one of the five most powerful earthquakes in the world overall since modern record-keeping began in 1900. Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan said that the crisis was the country's \"toughest and most difficul...
how if most insects die during winter, how can their populations not be hurt when spring comes?	insects reproduce in huge amounts. one female usually capable of laying hundreds of eggs. when one of those eggs produces a female and it matures, it can do the same thing. so their populations start small, but after hitting a certain point they just explode. A good example is bed bugs, because ive just been dealing w...	[ "Insects range in their size, structure, and general appearance but most use hibernacula. All insects are primarily exothermic. For this reason, extremely cold temperatures, such as those experienced in the winter season, outside of tropical locations, cause their metabolic systems to shut down; long exposure may l...
why have asian-americans flourished, while african-americans remain under-educated & impoverished? both were slaves here at one point, and both were heavily discriminated against throughout us history.	i'd like to point out, not all asian americans flourished. the ones you are seeing in the top of the sciences and engineering sectors are the ones that immigrated out of China on highly competed positions to be foreign exchange students and workers. the ones you are seeing as flourishing are the new generation of a...	[ "When Asian Americans were largely excluded from labor markets in the 19th century, they started their own businesses. They have started convenience and grocery stores, professional offices such as medical and law practices, laundries, restaurants, beauty-related ventures, hi-tech companies, and many other kinds of...
how are cuttlefish so good at camouflage?	Cuttlefish have special cells in their skin that contain little sacs of dark pigments. They can squeeze these sacs down very small, so you can't see them and the cuttlefish appears white, or they can spread these sacs out flat, so the cuttlefish appears dark. What's really cool about cuttlefish is they can control, a...	[ "Cuttlefish are also able to change the texture of their skin. The skin contains bands of circular muscle which as they contract, push fluid up. These can be seen as little spikes, bumps, or flat blades. This can help with camouflage when the cuttlefish becomes texturally as well as chromatically similar to objects...
British Naval Forces in the 19-20th C	The size of the fleet fluctuated, rising significantly during war time and shrinking during peace. It also varied significantly over the time period because of the change in technology. The standard policy just before WWI was to maintain a fleet the size of the next 2 fleets combined. That started to become impractic...	[ "The British Royal Navy was a well-led, professional force, considered the world's most powerful navy. However, America was a secondary concern as long as the war continued with France. In 1813, France had 80 ships-of-the-line and was building another 35, and containing the French fleet had to be the main British n...
[Medicine] What prevents limbs from always being re-attached?	Lots of factors weigh in when considering replantation. It might be too late. Tissue/organs are viable only for a certain period after their blood supply is cut off. It might be too damaged during injury for reattachment. Damage - even though it looks minimal - might have occurred to anatomically important regi...	[ "By definition, a nonunion will not heal if left alone. Therefore the patient's symptoms will not be improved and the function of the limb will remain impaired. It will be painful to bear weight on it and it may be deformed or unstable. The prognosis of nonunion if treated depends on many factors including the age ...
the concept of having multiple massive non-profits gunning for the same cause. what do they have against consolidating all their resources and possibly doing more together than they ever could separately?	competition can make both sides work faster, and ideally they are taking different approaches to the problem.	[ "In an unregulated global economy, the companies soon compete by less than honest means. After enough mergers, bargains, and buy-outs, however, the remaining PMCs decide to put their weapons to full use. The original attacks follow a simple plan: neutralize a competitor's soldiers, lowering supply to cause them to ...
how can people be put under anesthesia for emergency surgery but for general surgery they say you will aspirate and die if you eat anything 24 hours prior to being put under?	Aspiration is relatively rare, but given the damage it can cause, and that the only downside is that you miss a meal, people are warned not to eat before surgery. But if you need emergency surgery, well, you need emergency surgery. In that case, the benefits outweigh the increased risk of aspiration.	[ "Anesthesia is administered to prevent pain from an incision, tissue manipulation and suturing. Based on the procedure, anesthesia may be provided locally or as general anesthesia. Spinal anesthesia may be used when the surgical site is too large or deep for a local block, but general anesthesia may not be desirabl...
The 12 apostles. Are the names we have for them their real names?	What do you mean by "real names"? Peter's name in Aramaic is rendered as כֵּיפָא (Kepha), in Greek as Πέτρος (Petros), in Latin as Petrus, etc (all having the rough meaning of "rock" or perhaps "jewel"). Ignoring translation, his original name was said to have been Simon/Simeon, until Jesus gave him the name Peter (Mar...	[ "Now the names of the twelve apostles are these: The first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James the son of Alphaeus, and Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus; Simon the Canaanite, and Ju...
Is there a strong case for arguing that Mallory and Irvine might have summited Mt. Everest in 1924?	There is indeed a fairly strong case. Mallory's body was found a few years ago in a position and in a condition which people have suggested shows that he was on his descent. The last time that they were seen alive, they were very close to the summit and there's certainly no reason to think that they didn't reach it. Th...	[ "The goal of the Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition of 1999 was to discover evidence of whether George Mallory and Andrew Irvine had been the first to summit Mount Everest in their attempt of 8–9 June 1924. The expedition was organised by regular Everest expedition leader Eric Simonson and advised by researcher...
If air is denser at colder temperatures, does that mean that fire burns better at lower temperatures?	It would depend on the specifics of the flame, because there are two different factors at play. Denser air would provide more oxygen to the fuel, enabling the fuel to burn more quickly, but colder air would lower the temperature of the flame, reducing the average energy of collisions. There are definitely instances in ...	[ "An air-only torch will burn at around 1,995 °C (3,623 °F), less if heat loss to the surroundings is taken into account. Even glass bead-making torches, which are essentially Bunsen burners with an added air pump, can only achieve actual operating temperatures of . Oxygen-fed torches can be much hotter at up to 2,8...
Does headphone use have an adverse affect on one's ability to hear?	Hearing damage comes from exposure to loud sounds; the louder the sound, the less exposure is needed to cause damage. But that's not the whole story. The problem with headphones is that they don't give you the 'bodily experience' that live music or even full-range loudspeakers provide: only your ears get the soundwave...	[ "Supra-aural headphones or on-ear headphones have pads that press against the ears, rather than around them. They were commonly bundled with personal stereos during the 1980s. This type of headphone generally tends to be smaller and lighter than circumaural headphones, resulting in less attenuation of outside noise...
For how much longer will the North star be well aligned with Earth's rotational axis?	Actually, a much more major effect than the motions of stars is the [Earth's axial precession](_URL_0_), which causes the rotational axis to change over time - the article quotes a period of 26,000 years. As for the proper motion of Polaris, it is currently 3/4 of a degree away from the pole. At its current rate of mo...	[ "The rotation axis of the Earth describes, over a period of 25,700 years, a small circle (blue) among the stars, centered on the ecliptic north pole (the blue \"E\") and with an angular radius of about 23.4°, an angle known as the obliquity of the ecliptic. The direction of precession is opposite to the daily rotat...
Do you get the same neurological benefits from listening as you do from reading?	What exactly are these neurological benefits that you're talking about?	[ "Brain-reading has also been proposed as a method of improving human-machine interfaces, by the use of EEG to detect relevant brain states of a human. In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in patents for technology involved in reading brainwaves, rising from fewer than 400 from 2009–2012 to 1600 in 2014....
why are male beauty pageants significantly less famous than women's such as miss universe?	Across the human species, men are more visual in their attraction to mates than women are. Staring at a bunch of female hotties is something that appeals more strongly to a bunch of males than the other way around.	[ "Critics of beauty pageants argue that such contests reinforce the idea that girls and women should be valued primarily for their physical appearance, and that this puts tremendous pressure on women to conform to conventional beauty standards by spending time and money on fashion, cosmetics, hair styling, and even ...
why do we need to tightly regulate blood ph. what are the physiological consequences of a low/high hydrogen ion concentration?	pH is tightly regulated due to its effect on denaturing proteins..... It's consequences are broad ranging from affecting the haem oxygen dissociation curve, the carriage of co2, the generation of super oxides in neutrophils etc. The exact relationship between pH and concentration of h, however, is widely debated. You...	[ "Acid–base imbalances that overcome the buffer system can be compensated in the short term by changing the rate of ventilation. This alters the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood, shifting the above reaction according to Le Chatelier's principle, which in turn alters the pH. For instance, if the blood pH ...
how did this guy only get convicted on 9 of 11 charges when they found all the bodies in his house?	he was convicted of 82 of the 84 total counts against him. he was convicted of all 11 counts of murder.	[ "At Cooke's grandmother's house on 12 March 1949, police finally caught up with the young vandal, finding evidence at his house. His fingerprints were then matched to those found in other open cases. At the age of 18, on 24 May 1949, Cooke was sentenced to three years in prison after being arrested for arson and va...
why is an ipad cheaper than an iphone?	the smaller and lighter hardware in the phones is more expensive. battery is a good example	[ "The iPad received mixed reviews. It was significantly praised for performance, with reviewers asserting that the model is noticeably faster than older iPad models, and it also received positive reviews for its price and battery life. It was criticized, however, for lacking a laminated and anti-reflective screen, a...
what does nicotine do to your body to make you feel the way it does	So nerves in your body are activates by chemicals binding to certain proteins called "receptors". There is an entire class of receptors called "nicotinic" receptors, named so because nicotine binds to these receptors. That is not to say that nicotine is used in your body to "activate" these receptors, it's just that ni...	[ "At first, nicotine acts as a stimulant, boosting the production or availability of chemicals such as acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, beta-endorphin and serotonin in the brain and other parts of the body. After sustained use, though, the body's ability to maintain heightened levels of these chemicals is te...
Can the Reconquista be described as a genocide?	The modern ethnic and religious makeup of Spain (and Portugal) has little to do with the Reconquista but rather with the events that happened once it was over. Those Jews who would not convert were expelled from Spain in 1492 and the Muslims were forced to convert in the early 1500s. For more details you may want to st...	[ "The Plan de Sánchez massacre took place in the Guatemalan village of Plan de Sánchez, Baja Verapaz department, on 18 July 1982. Over 250 people (mostly women and children, and almost exclusively ethnic Achi Maya) were abused and murdered by members of the armed forces and their paramilitary allies.\n", "The Goli...
why do lots of places only accept a passport or a driving license as identification when some adults don't have either?	Generally, the legal risk of selling to the wrong person is much higher than the risk of alienating the few customers that don't have either of these things. For example, alcohol. Serving to someone that's under age in Texas can get you thousands of dollars in fines, and can get the business tens of thousands in fine...	[ "Only workers in certain high-security professions, such as airport workers, were required to have an identity card in 2009, and this general lack of compulsory ID remains the case today. Therefore, driving licences, particularly the photocard driving licence introduced in 1998, along with passports, are now the mo...
is it bad for me if i crack my neck by snapping it backwards?	Any kind of fast, jerking/wrenching motion has the potential to cause pain and/or damage. Slow neck rotations are far safer.	[ "A neck crank (sometimes also referred to as a neck lock, and technically known as a cervical lock) is a spinal lock applied to the cervical spine causing hyperextension, hyperflexion, lateral hyperflexion, hyperrotation or extension-distraction. This happens either through bending, twisting or elongating. A neck c...
why don’t animals break bones as easily as humans	They break bones just as easily. It's just that they will just die because they are now disabled (so they become prey and can't feed themselves) instead of getting it attended by doctor which pusts cast on it and carrying on like human would.	[ "The term \"bones\" can include animal bones as well as manufactured bones such as Nylabones and dental bones. Animal bones offer a lot of chewing potential but the true nutritional benefits are derived from the soft tissues attached to the bone such as meat, cartilage, fat and connective tissue ... not from the bo...
why does vinegar + aluminum foil clean stainless steel?	Here's how I look at it, considering that this reddit tells me to explain it like you're five. Let's start with your stainless steel pan. Stainless steel is an alloy - basically a mishmash of metals and other substances, the end material having characteristics superior to individual components. This being considered, ...	[ "Aluminium foil is widely sold into the consumer market, often in rolls of width and several metres in length. It is used for wrapping food in order to preserve it, for example, when storing leftover food in a refrigerator (where it serves the additional purpose of preventing odour exchange), when taking sandwiches...
why cant our brains correct/adapt to poor eyesight without the use of glasses?	Your brain can't process unfocused images that it receives into focused images, it can only interpret them. So your brain won't adjust to poor eyesight by figuring out how to sharpen your vision, it'll adapt by making it easier for you to understand what you're seeing, even if it's blurry. This won't overcome things l...	[ "Glasses are beneficial to those who have severe nearsightedness, whereas individuals with retinal degeneration need training for the visually impaired, which is usually more beneficial when this is addressed at a young age. Younger patients start out having unimpaired vision, but it starts to deteriorate at a youn...
what would happen if you were going the same exact speed as a shock wave from a large explosion would you hear the explosion the whole time while traveling with the wave?	No, because noise is changes in pressure. If you were going exactly the same speed as the wave, you'd be in a consistent high- or low-pressure area.	[ "Blast waves cause damage by a combination of the significant compression of the air in front of the wave (forming a shock front) and the subsequent wind that follows. A blast wave travels faster than the speed of sound and the passage of the shock wave usually lasts only a few milliseconds. Like other types of exp...
Why does a full water cooler dispense water slower than one with only a little bit of water in it?	After an amount of water has left the water cooler, there is a pressure difference between atmosphere and the head of the container causing favourable air bubble formation at the tap. For a given surface tension (T), bubble pressure (Pb) and pressure at the bottom of the dispenser (ρgh), a stable bubble radius (r) can ...	[ "The delivery of water in a water cooler comes in two main forms, namely bottled variants, or plumbed directly from the main water supply. The water is normally pumped into a water tank to be heated or chilled, depending on the model of the water Modern versions include hybrid models that are able to utilize both m...
Is the four-leaf clover basically a random mutation (like albinism), or is it a species on it's own?	It is debated whether the fourth leaflet is caused genetically or environmentally. Its relative rarity (1 in 10,000 clovers) suggests a possible recessive gene appearing at a low frequency. Alternatively, four-leaf clovers could be caused by somatic mutation or a developmental error of environmental causes. They could ...	[ "It is debated whether the fourth leaf is caused genetically or environmentally. Its relative rarity (1 in 5,000 clovers) suggests a possible recessive gene appearing at a low frequency. Alternatively, four-leaf clovers could be caused by somatic mutation or a developmental error of environmental causes. They could...
Can some one explain to me some of the factors that are hindering increasing the storage capacity of modern batteries?	The limiting factors are the usual limiting factors in any technological space (i.e. Why don't we have flying cars?) Right now lithium-ion batteries are the commercially dominant energy storage technology. Here are the requirements a battery needs to have to establish dominance. The materials and processes must be ...	[ "Batteries have a finite number of charging cycles, as well as a shelf-life, therefore using vehicles as grid storage can impact battery longevity. Studies that cycle batteries two or more times per day have shown large decreases in capacity and greatly shortened life. However, battery capacity is a complex functio...
what gives art its value?	We give art its value. Its primary value is in what the art says. In 1917, an art museum was running a promotion in which they advertised that they would accept any form of art in their museum. Duchamp challenged this notion by submitting a urinal, signing it, and submitting it as a piece. The museum tried to protest...	[ "Components of a work of art, like raw stone, tubes of paint or unpainted canvas, in general have a value much lower than the finished products, such as a sculpture or a finished painting. Also, the amount of labour needed to produce an item does not explain the big price differences between works of art. It seems ...
why are mouthguards for top teeth not bottom?	In terms of mouthguards for sport it's because the top teeth are in most people in front of the bottom teeth, so they're the ones likely to be hit.	[ "A mouth prop (also bite block) is a wedge-shaped implement used in dentistry for dentists working with children and other patients who have difficulty keeping their mouths open wide and steady during a procedure, or during procedures where the patient is sedated. It has a rubber-like texture and is typically made ...
why do people in war zones, poor areas, extreme oppressing countries do make babies knowing there is no healthy future for their families?	In poor regions, much of the population usually works in agriculture. Having a child, since ancient times, has been a way to get help on the farm and around the house without actually having to pay anybody. They also may not have access to contraception, or education on how it works. Also, poor people still want...	[ "The economic crisis the country is going through has caused many parents to abandon their children because they do not have the money to feed them. Parents know that the only chance their children have of surviving this political and economic crisis is to give them up to local orphanages. Many of these children ar...
Why is it that occasionally, when my sinuses are congested from allergies, they'll magically clear up for a minute or two, and then go back to being congested again?	Airflow through your nostrils is asymmetric. You body regulates the airflow through them by changing the size of nasal venous sinusoids. In simpler terms, you only breathe through one nostril at a time. It switches about every 2 hours or so. It may be difficult to notice. There's about a 20% difference in resistance b...	[ "A sinus infection can have a number of causes. Untreated allergies are one of the main contributing factors to the development of sinus infections. A person with a sinus infection often has nasal congestion with thick nasal secretions, fever, and cough (WebMD). Patients can be treated by “reducing the swelling or ...
why does steve jobs get so much more love than bill gates?	Bill Gates built up a reputation as a vicious businessman in the 90s. It wasn't until stepping down from MSFT that the philanthropy became a serious thing for him. Since he wasn't really in the spotlight at the time, people just remember Evil Bill. Jobs is remembered for his positive public persona, turning AAPL fro...	[ "In a Hindustan Times interview, Purohit said Steve Jobs inspires him because of Jobs' \"ability to use technology to change lives for the better. \" His favorite books are The Bhagavad Gita, The Innovator's Dilemma and Future Shock. \n", "\"Steve Jobs\" premiered at the 2015 Telluride Film Festival on September ...
What threat does glacial melting pose to the gulf stream?	The Gulf Stream primarily exists because of the action of winds blowing across the subtropical Atlantic. A good (but small) map of the surface currents is [here](_URL_0_). Unfortunately, many people are taught this [image](_URL_1_) of ocean circulation which both dramatically simplifies the Thermohaline Circulation ...	[ "Glacial melt will affect low-lying coastal wetlands via sea level rise, change key drivers of fresh-water ecosystems, shift the timing of snow packs, and alter the unique character of associated fresh water streams off of snow pack. It has also been stated that the sea level will rise 28–43 cm by 2100; if all the ...
why do medicines that are supposed to be taken every x hours not effective if it is taken too early or too late?	If you take them too early you still have the earlier dose in higher concentration in your system and can potentially reach an overdose level for the drug (particularly if you are at max safe dosages to begin with). If you take them too early you can have the levels in your system drop below useful levels and that dip ...	[ "This is the reason why organizations like \"Worst Pill, Best Pill\" recommend not to use/prescribe new medications before being in the market for at least ten years (except in the case of important new drugs that treat previously unsolved problems).\n", "In clinical practice, this means that it takes 4 to 5 time...
My dad and I found these amazing mushrooms near my house. Can anyone identify them?	I agree with Wingfinger. I would also suggest that you give some information about where you are (at elast what country/region). Unfortunately, without a picture of gills (the underside of the cap), a definitive identification may be difficult if not impossible. From the top it looks like a field mushroom. There's se...	[ "The mushrooms appear from July to September, in humus in mixed woodlands under North American beech (\"Fagus grandifolia\"), oak (\"Quercus\"), hickory (\"Carya\"), red maple (\"Acer rubrum\"), American tulip tree (\"Liriodendron tulipifera\") and shortleaf pine (\"Pinus echinata\"). It is only known from seven si...
why do cars look so much bigger from the inside?	The farther away things are, the smaller they appear. The car is around you, so it appears much bigger than the road, which is farther away. It isn't a huge difference, but enough to mess with your perspective.	[ "Compounding the size issue were the designs themselves, which did not translate well from their full-size origins to what amounted to intermediate size. The proposed curved side glass was deleted in favor of flat glass, which did not match the curve of the body sides. They also reduced the total glass area, which ...
Immediately after World War Two, when the USA was the only atomic power, did any American officials consider a preemptive war on the USSR to prevent them from acquiring the bomb?	Nobody prominent that I know of. Why not? Several reasons: * The US nuclear arsenal was not very large during the period of American monopoly. The USAF thought the US would need on the order of 500 nuclear weapons to take out the entire USSR with nukes along. The US didn't have that number until 1950 or so. So without...	[ "The United States and the Soviet Union put an end to the war by attacking the Japanese with a new weapon (on the United States' part) and an incursion into Manchuria (on the Soviet Union's part). On August 6, 1945, an American B-29 bomber, the \"Enola Gay\", dropped the first atomic bomb used in combat on Hiroshim...
why can i go a whole weekend day barely eating, but on any given workday (i sit at a desk) i have extreme cravings to snack all day?	While at work I interpret most feelings as hungry. Bored? Have a banana. Stumped? Crackers. Cold? Ooh, is that cake?!?	[ "Relief from boredom is an obvious and adaptive function of daydreaming. When people are doing boring tasks, daydreaming allows their thoughts to detach from current external tasks to relieve boredom. At the same time, this temporary detachment will not stop external activities completely when these activities are ...
Is it possible to "overdose" from salt or sugar?	Anything you can take into your body has some dosage that will be lethal. For some substances, like arsenic or morphine, that dosage is relatively small. For other substances, like water, the dosage is relatively large compared with human body mass--but recently, you can read about sadly regular occurrences of athlet...	[ "Salt poisoning typically results in a feeling of confusion and jitteriness; more severe degrees of intoxication can cause seizures and coma. Death can result if medical intervention is not forthcoming. These symptoms are generally a consequence of hypernatremia—an abnormally high sodium level in the blood. (There ...
how can a choke hold knock you out in 5 seconds when most people can hold their breath for at least 30 seconds?	I’m sure there’s a more educated answer coming, but my understanding is being in a chokehold is also cutting off blood circulation, not just restricting oxygen.	[ "Chokes are common forms of submission. In BJJ, the chokes that are used put pressure on the carotid arteries, and may also apply pressure to the nerve baroreceptors in the neck. This kind of choke is very fast acting (if done properly) with victims typically losing consciousness in around 3–5 seconds. In contrast,...
how do pcs/consoles read disks/cds?	The reflective surface of a cd is basically a clear flat coating over a series of seriously tiny bumps and divots. There's a tiny laser in the computer that shines on the disk, right through the clear protective layer, and reads whether it's over a bump or divot. The computer rotates the disk and moves the laser inwar...	[ "CD-ROM discs are read using CD-ROM drives. A CD-ROM drive may be connected to the computer via an IDE (ATA), SCSI, SATA, FireWire, or USB interface or a proprietary interface, such as the Panasonic CD interface, LMSI/Philips, Sony and Mitsumi standards. Virtually all modern CD-ROM drives can also play audio CDs (a...
how the windows .exe file works	What are you asking exactly? .exe files are binary files, they contain instructions that can directly be understood by your CPU. When you click on one, windows load it into memory and then your CPU start executing each instructions one by one.	[ ".exe is a common filename extension denoting an executable file (the main execution point of a computer program) for DOS, OpenVMS, Microsoft Windows, Symbian or OS/2. Besides the executable program, many .exe files contain other components called resources, such as bitmap graphics and icons which the executable pr...
how is it possible to withdraw money from any atm using any bank card?	Pretty much the same way you can ask me this question even though I'm probably thousands of miles away from you: They just ask the bank over a network. Or in the case of mobile offline ATMs they just assume you are good to take out < 100 dollars and then when the thing syncs up when they bring the atm to the central o...	[ "Many credit cards can also be used in an ATM to withdraw money against the credit limit extended to the card, but many card issuers charge interest on cash advances before they do so on purchases. The interest on cash advances is commonly charged from the date the withdrawal is made, rather than the monthly billin...
why can’t we stop a receding hairline?	Actually, you can fairly effectively stop a receding hairline by taking something that blocks testosterone from being converted to dht, or blocking dht from being used in the body, suck as as finasteride. If you are genetically predisposed to it, dht will take your hair, and its a natural byproduct of Test. Not only th...	[ "Reducing or eliminating the causes will usually prevent split ends. Trimming the ends of the hair at least every 6– 10 weeks may prevent split ends. Also, hair at the highest risk for splitting can be removed.\n", "Hair will not regrow once the follicle is destroyed. However, it may be possible to treat the infl...
why do bugs fly into glasses of water where they immediately die?	Well, insects aren't that bright and rely almost exclusively on evolution for their survival as a species. A large majority of insects don't land in water because nature likely selected against those that did - the ones that fell in water and never got out died and likely didn't reproduce as much as those that managed ...	[ "The live bugs with their now empty stink glands are then boiled in water. Further sorting is done afterwards. Dead bugs which died before they could release all their chemicals can be distinguished from the 'clean' bugs by their blackened abdomens after boiling. These are also rejected. The remaining bugs are then...
how do music players and game systems pick thinks at random?	They pretty much are preprogrammed. _URL_0_	[ "Some applications which appear at first sight to be suitable for randomization are in fact not quite so simple. For instance, a system that \"randomly\" selects music tracks for a background music system must only \"appear\" random, and may even have ways to control the selection of music: a true random system wou...
"Italians" through the Middle Ages and Renaissance	_URL_0_ try this thread.	[ "The Italian Renaissance originates in 14th-century Tuscany, centered in the cities of Florence and Siena. It later had a great impact in Venice, where the remains of ancient Greek culture were brought together, providing humanist scholars with new texts. The Renaissance later had a significant effect on Rome, whic...
How accurate are Bill O'Reilly's "Killing ____" books?	I have not read the books, but I have read reviews of the Killing Lincoln and Killing Kennedy books. The basic gist of the reviews were, this is just warmed over versions of the standard stories, probably mostly written by ghost writers. E.g. nothing controversial, or interesting, about them, just an attempt to sell so...	[ "The \"New York Post\" in a February 2012 review called Phelps' book \"Never See Them Again\", about Texas killer Christine Paolilla, a \"riveting new book\" that \"examines one of the most horrific murders in recent American history.\" \"Kirkus Reviews\" called it a \"thorough account of a quadruple murder in a Ho...
How exactly did ancient warfare work on the battlefield?	It depends a bit of course on the place, the sides involved, the size of the armies and the time. Different sides used different tactics and styles of warfare developed out of their wealth, social system, access to metals, horses and craftsmen and the terrain. The general rule is that most casualties happened once on...	[ "Ancient warfare is war as conducted from the beginnings of recorded history to the end of the ancient period. In Europe and the Near East, the end of antiquity is often equated with the Fall of Rome in 476 AD, the wars of the Eastern Roman Empire on its Southwestern Asian and North African borders, and the beginni...
why do old light gun video game accessories (like the nes zapper) not work on modern tvs?	CRTs would turn off the pixels and then light them up again each frame, lighting them up one by one in sequence. By timing when the light gun "sees" the pixel light up, it can deduce where the gun was pointing. Plasma/LCD/LED screens are permanently on, they just adjust the pixels each refresh. There is no "off" state...	[ "Light guns are very popular in arcade games, but had not caught on as well in the home video game console market until after the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), Sega Master System (SMS), Mega Drive/Genesis, Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) systems and Atari XEGS. Many home 'Pong' systems of the 1970...
mormonism and christianity	Mormonism is based on Christianity, but it has an additional set of gospels that detail Jesus's adventures in the New World. There are a variety of ritualistic and mythological differences between Mormons and more mainstream Christians, but there aren't all that many doctrinal differences. If a Mormon thinks it's a s...	[ "Mormonism arose in the 1820s during a period of radical reform and experimentation within American Protestantism, and Mormonism is integrally connected to that religious environment. As a form of Christian primitivism, the new faith was one among several contemporary religious movements that claimed to restore Chr...
why can somebody post a picture/video of anyone online without their consent but sometimes you are asked to sign a consent form?	People can post anything online it doesnt mean it's all legal & law enforcement have devisions dedicated to incarcerate & prosecute those illegally posting content.	[ "If a person sends an explicit image of themselves to a partner, then it can be against the law to re-transmit a copy of that image to another person without the consent of the originator. Some countries have revenge porn laws that prevent the publication of sexual images without consent of parties in the image. Wh...
why can some insects survive high radiation levels they wouldn't encounter on earth and others don't?	They do not have specific adaptations for surviving radiation, but they are pretty tough little bugs that can survive injuries, starvation, etc. Insect biology just handles radiation damage better than mammals and things, mainly because they're much simpler than vertebrates. There are arthropods that can survive the ...	[ "The damage to other living organism as a result to nuclear fallout depends on the species. Mammals particularly are extremely sensitive to nuclear radiation, followed by birds, plants, fish, reptiles, crustaceans, insects, moss, lichen, algae, bacteria, mollusks, and viruses.\n", "If there is a slight discrepanc...

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