question stringlengths 3 301 | answer stringlengths 9 26.1k | context list |
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Why does English have a mix of Latin-based words and Germanic-based words? And why is there other influence from other languages like Greek? | All languages take bits of words from other languages near them (and sometimes far-off! Shampoo, bungalow, kung fu, etc). So yes, in modern Latin languages (Spanish, French, etc) you'll find some German words, and in Germanic languages (German, Dutch, etc) you'll find some Latin words. For example, the German word Kais... | [
"Additionally, Latin had a great influence on both the grammar and the lexicon of West Germanic languages. Romance words make respectively 59%, 20% and 14% of English, German and Dutch vocabularies. Those figures can rise dramatically when only non-compound and non-derived words are included. Accordingly, Romance w... |
what does netanyahu want the usa to do with iran? | In the short run, add more sanctions. In the long run, either engage in or support military action. | [
"recently, Netanyahu suggested that President Bush had assured him Iran will be prevented from going nuclear. I take him at his word. Netanyahu seems to be the main mover in America's official adoption of the 1996 white paper \"A Clean Break\", authored by him and American fellow neocons, which aimed to aggressivel... |
"my special method developed by me about how to trade binary options"-videos - is this a scam? and how does it work? | I don't know if it's a scam or not.
Does it work?
No, not really. Options trading isn't that easy. Looking at the history of a graph visually can give you a decent clue as to what will happen, but not really good enough to make money consistently in this manner.
Here's the idea behind options trading: You're reall... | [
"Binary options are often considered a form of gambling rather than investment because of their negative cumulative payout (the brokers have an edge over the investor) and because they are advertised as requiring little or no knowledge of the markets. Gordon Pape, writing in \"Forbes\".com in 2010, called binary op... |
how do photons (moving light) relate to electricity (moving electrons), seeing that they're part of the same force? | This is a somewhat imprecise question, so I'm going to go through all the interactions you mentioned.
Electrons are simply particles. They are not "part" of the electromagnetic force, but they are affected by the electromagnetic force, because they have an electric charge (and a magnetic moment).
Photons are also par... | [
"When light is shining, an electron will occasionally move right by absorbing a photon and going from A to B to C. However, it will almost never move in the reverse direction, C to B to A, because the transition from C to B cannot be excited by photons, but instead requires an improbably large thermal fluctuation. ... |
AskScience, what are your thoughts on Atlantis? | It's balderdash. Atlantis is an allegory that Plato used to talk about government.
Atlantis is utterly fictional. | [
"Atlantis is an archaeological adventure novel by David Gibbins. First published in 2005, it is the first book in Gibbins' Jack Howard series. It has been published in 30 languages and has sold over a million copies, and is the basis for a TV miniseries currently in development.\n",
"Many of its theories are the ... |
the ellen pao and reddit free-speech controversy | I'll explain it in one sentence.
Reddit CEO filed a gender discrimination lawsuit which she lost, and is now having negative posts about her deleted. | [
"After Ellen Pao became CEO, she was initially a target of criticism by users who objected to her lawsuit. Later on June 10, 2015, Reddit shut down the 150,000-subscriber \"fatpeoplehate\" subreddit and four others citing issues related to harassment. This move was seen as very controversial; some commenters said t... |
Are there any fundamental reasons we can't continue to increase life expectancy of humans? | The surge in life expectancy over the past century is primarily because of us eradicating infectious diseases from first-world countries. To increase life-spans even more we have to now fight with diseases of our own body, like diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer and Alzheimers. This is a more difficult battle, but not s... | [
"Jennifer Couzin-Frankel examined how much mortality from various causes would have to drop in order to boost life expectancy and concluded that most of the past increases in life expectancy occurred because of improved survival rates for young people. She states that it seems unlikely that life expectancy at birth... |
Does it make a difference (to weight loss efforts) if you were to eat an extra 10,000 calories in one day, or an extra 1,000 a day for ten days? | There are diets that promote feasting and fasting, not exactly like your example, called [intermittent fasting](_URL_2_).
None of these diets rely on the body not being able to absorb all the calories on the feast day, which other people on this thread have mentioned might be a factor with your extreme +10,000 kcal da... | [
"A commonly asserted \"rule\" for weight gain or loss is based on the assumption that one pound of human fat tissue contains about 3,500 kilocalories (often simply called \"calories\" in the field of nutrition). Thus, eating 500 fewer calories than one needs per day should result in a loss of about a pound per week... |
why don't rockets have fins, and why do model rockets? | Because the rockets without fins can actually be steered by the rocket motor nozzle itself. Model rockets and even the old V2 German rockets were just fixed nozzles and needed fins to produce drag when the rocket attempted to "tip" thus keeping the bottom below the top.
Also, model rockets do not leave the atmosphere... | [
"To lower the center of pressure and add stability, fins or other stabilizers can be added which bring the center of drag further back, well behind the center of mass at all times. Stabilizers of any sort are normally placed near the back of the bottle where the center of mass is found. The increase in stability wh... |
why is there such a strong fandom for apple products? | * They have an expected level of quality
* They are so marketing savvy that apple owners believe it makes them more stylish (the products usually favor form over function).
* The higher price makes people feel like they have something more exclusive (Similar to why people would pay Dr. Dre $300 for a pair of $10 hea... | [
"From the introduction of the Macintosh in 1984, with the 1984 Super Bowl advertisement to the more modern Get a Mac adverts, Apple has been recognized for its efforts towards effective advertising and marketing for its products. However, claims made by later campaigns were criticized, particularly the 2005 Power M... |
what led to the culture of freely suing for the seemingly most insignificantly unreasonable/illogical "no duh" things, and why is it often allowed to be so successful? | Frivolous lawsuits are not nearly as successful as you would think. Maybe there are a few genuinely stupid lawsuits that worked out, but those were anomalies that were sensationalized by the media and you were made to believe they happen all the time. Lawsuits cost a ton of money, so you generally wouldn't try one unle... | [
"Frivolous lawsuits are not only damaging to the image of America, but also to American citizens that try to exercise their rights and are dismissed because of the foolish nature of others cases. Frivolous lawsuits are real, this is true, however, the idea of frivolous litigation can cause harm to other cases that ... |
Did Charles Darwin believe in God? | I've never read his journals or anything on his personal beliefs, which are in any case indeterminate--how do we genuinely verify someone's *belief*? Even the most devout question their faith at times, so our ability to definitely prove this is limited. Still, we can comment on some of the things that Darwin wrote and ... | [
"When Darwin completed his studies of theology at Christ's College, Cambridge in 1831, he read Paley's \"Natural Theology\" and believed that the work gave rational proof of the existence of God. That was because living beings showed complexity and were exquisitely fitted to their places in a happy world.\n",
"In... |
why can’t you remember a whole phone number alone but when you ask someone else to remember a few numbers you automatically remember? | Memory is highly associational: remembering something associated with a memory makes it much easier to remember the memory itself. In this case, the first few numbers helps to recall the associated further numbers. | [
"The memory system suffers from inhibition. This is why it is difficult to hold two different phone numbers in working memory at the same time. Although it may seem that inhibition impedes our memory system, it allows humans to focus on the relevant details and ignore irrelevant ones when required to make quick dec... |
how does the nfl’s concussion protocol work? | Transferring energy is a weird thing, and the way a brain rattles around inside the skull is weird too. It's likely that the other player hit in a way that deflected energy through the skull and down the spinal column away from the brain.
_URL_0_
From the article:
"...there are eight “observable” signs: loss of cons... | [
"Similarly, in 2011, the NHL adopted a new league-wide concussion protocol which would remove players from the bench, who may have possibly sustained head or neck trauma, and bring them back to an undisclosed quiet room. Players would be held there for a minimum of 15 minutes while completing tests similar of those... |
if the unemployment level is defined by how many people want to work, but cannot find a job, how can we calculate this number? | In short, statistics and estimations. We take a random sample that is representative of the population, and apply the numbers we get from that to the whole.
I.e. political polls don't ask every eligible voter, they just take (usually) representative random samples, and use the numbers from that. This does include som... | [
"The amount of unemployment in an economy is measured by the unemployment rate, i.e. the percentage of workers without jobs in the labor force. The unemployment rate in the labor force only includes workers actively looking for jobs. People who are retired, pursuing education, or discouraged from seeking work by a ... |
What is a nervous tic? | Ah-hah! This is my favorite area of study and I am a researcher of Tourette syndrome (TS). TS is a diagnosis given to individuals who have multiple physical and vocal tics for a significant period of time, so I'll use the term TS when writing in this post. If a person has just one tic, they may qualify for chronic tic ... | [
"The nervous system is defined by the presence of a special type of cell—the neuron (sometimes called \"neurone\" or \"nerve cell\"). Neurons can be distinguished from other cells in a number of ways, but their most fundamental property is that they communicate with other cells via synapses, which are membrane-to-m... |
Why does matter collapse in a black hole instead of just getting compressed but at a nonzero volume? | Because if you are below the event horizon it is **impossible** not to fall in. To stay still at a fixed radius would require you to go faster than light. Thus no amount of pressure can stop the collapse of any matter that has crossed an EH.
In some more pictorial terms, the radial spatial dimension and the time dimen... | [
"A black hole is an object with a gravitational field that is sufficiently powerful that it can prevent light from escaping. When they are formed from the collapse of a rotating mass, they retain all of the angular momentum that is not shed in the form of ejected gas. This rotation causes the space within an oblate... |
charley horses, and why do they commonly occur at night? | Why do Americans use the name Charley horse, where does it come from? | [
"At dawn, dusk, and moonlit nights, deer are seen browsing on the roadside. Wooded areas with forests on both sides of the road and open, grassy areas, i.e. golf courses, attract deer. Caution when driving is prudent because often as one deer crosses, another one or two follow.\n",
"Although strikes can happen at... |
do 2 sound waves bounce off of each other? | No, they [pass through each other](_URL_0_), just like waves in water. | [
"Interference is the addition of two or more waves that results in a new wave pattern. Interference of sound waves can be observed when two loudspeakers transmit the same signal. At certain locations constructive interference occurs, doubling the local sound pressure. And at other locations destructive interference... |
today, it's in the news that the worlds stocks are plummeting.... what does that mean when ''they all plummet at once" and what does that mean for regular people? | Imagine you owned a really popular toy. You aren't really interested in playing with that toy, but you know that it's popular, so you're hoping to be able to sell it in a few years and make lots of money.
But then you hear that there's a newer toy, and suddenly people don't want to buy your toy, at least not for as mu... | [
"The Great Trade Collapse is a consequence of the 2008 financial crisis and happened between the third quarter of 2008 and the second quarter of 2009. While the world GDP has dropped by 1%, the world trade has dropped by 10%. This global trade collapse is very uncommon as the drop was synchronized over almost all t... |
when you wake up with a sore throat, why does it reduce in pain after brushing your teeth? | Are you sure it is brushing your teeth that is taking the pain away?
I have noticed, anecdotally, that my own throat may be sore first thing, but will get better in the first hour or so of being awake, regardless of what I am doing. Most notably though, having a cup of tea helps. This had led me to believe that it is ... | [
"Soreness of teeth when chewing, or when the teeth touch, is typical. Adults usually feel the soreness 12 to 24 hours later, but younger patients tend to react sooner, (e.g., 2 to 6 hours). Adults are sometimes prescribed headgear but this is less frequent. The headgear is one of the most useful appliances availabl... |
Why do people have long term health issues if every cell in our body dies in 5 years? | The cells that die **make** the new cells.
So, if a cell has a problem and makes a new cell, that new cell will likely also have the problem.
Also, your cells, don't die off at once, so if there is something bad in part of your body, once a new cell is made by the old (and now dead) cells, it will be exposed to the b... | [
"In general, physicians slightly overestimate the survival time of terminally ill cancer patients, so that, for example, a person who is expected to live for about six weeks would likely die around four weeks.\n",
"Predicting short- or long-term survival depends on many factors. The most important are the cancer ... |
Copy of an Egyptian hieroglyph on papyrus | While Ask Historians is not here to do homework for people, I think it's probably ok if I point you in the right direction to find more information on that item (the mods obviously will correct me if I'm wrong!)
The scene on that souvenir there is taken from the wall of the tomb of Horemheb, a pharaoh of the 18th dyna... | [
"The Egyptian hieroglyphic text Hieroglyphs Without Mystery: An Introduction to Ancient Egyptian Writing, is one of the modern primers on the Egyptian language hieroglyphs, from the late 20th to early 21st century. The text is a German text authored by Karl-Theodor Zauzich, c. 1992, and translated into English by A... |
How dense is Lava/Magma? | Same as igneous rock. Anywhere between about 2.5 to 6 kg /dm^3 | [
"Dense-rock equivalent is a volcanologic calculation used to estimate volcanic eruption volume. One of the widely accepted measures of the size of a historic or prehistoric eruption is the volume of magma ejected as pumice and volcanic ash, known as tephra during an explosive phase of the eruption, or the volume of... |
How do surgeons place back organs like intestines? | While some movies show the intestines as a totally untethered tube that could spill out, they're actually loosely attached by mesentery, a sort of fatty sheet with intestine running along the free edge. You can't completely pull them out; it's actually fairly tricky at times to work around them in place. (As a medical ... | [
"A surgeon may operate through the abdomen to secure part of the large intestine or rectum to the inside of the abdominal cavity (rectopexy). Sometimes the surgeon removes the affected part of the intestine.\n",
"Once suitable donor organs are present, the surgeon makes an incision starting above and finishing be... |
why smoking marijuana makes people feel good, makes music sound better, makes things more funny, etc. | In your brain there are lots and lots of chemicals. Some of them make you feel happy and some of them make you feel sad. When your brain, which is like a giant computer, wants to tell you that you should feel happy it releases those chemicals and you feel happy! Soemtimes, the things we do can trick our brain into maki... | [
"As the psychoactive effects of cannabis include increased appreciation of the arts, including and especially music, as well as increased creativity its influence and usefulness can be found in a variety of works of art. Many popular musicians, not constrained to any drug-culture specific genre, are known to have t... |
Elizabeth II is still the Queen of Canada, Australia and New Zealand among others. Does this mean that these countries are still a part of the Queen's 'rule'? How does this system work and how exactly were these countries given independence? | It means that officially, she is the Head of State. Being Head of State means you're the official representative of the country in public affairs. This is different from being Head of Government, which means you're in charge of running the country: in the Commonwealth countries, the HoG is the Prime Minister.
Theore... | [
"The proclamations of Elizabeth II's accession to the throne in February 1952 differed between Canada and the United Kingdom; in the latter, the new queen was referred to unconventionally as \"Queen Elizabeth II by the Grace of God, Queen of this Realm, and of Her other Realms and Territories\", while the Canadian ... |
what exactly happens between the director of a movie finishing filming, and the movie coming to the cinema? it seems like a long time. | One thing they do is post production. It's when they put all the scenes together, add sound effects, and special effects.
This is where they also add the final touches before distributing the film. | [
"\"I never know how each film will end,\" Téchiné explains. \"When I'm filming, I shoot each scene as if it were a short film. It's only when I edit that I worry about the narrative. My objective is to tell a story, but that's the final thing I do.\"\n",
"When shooting is finished, the director can then turn his ... |
Do we actually know were the center of the universe is located? Do we know where we are in the entire universe? | In at least one sense, there is no center of the universe. Everywhere we look, galaxies are moving away from each other. One analogy involves a balloon...take an un-inflated balloon and draw some dots all over it with a sharpie...those are galaxies. Our universe exists *only* on the surface of the balloon. Now slowly i... | [
"Historically, different people have suggested various locations as the center of the Universe. Many mythological cosmologies included an \"axis mundi\", the central axis of a flat Earth that connects the Earth, heavens, and other realms together. In the 4th century BCE Greece, philosophers developed the geocentric... |
If we can build Nuclear-powered submarines, why don't we have Nuclear-powered space ships? | We do.
However, they are not used for propulsion. In space, propulsion is achieved via changes in momentum. You propel something out of the rocket rearward to make you go forward. Nuclear is not particularly useful for that.
On earth, with gravity, you can apply a torque to the ground for propulsion, making... | [
"Nuclear power is now used in all large submarines, but due to the high cost and large size of nuclear reactors, smaller submarines still use diesel-electric propulsion. The ratio of larger to smaller submarines depends on strategic needs. The US Navy, French Navy, and the British Royal Navy operate only nuclear su... |
how come color from marker/paint eventually comes off of my skin without it being washed off? | The layer of your skin with the dye on it isn't permanent. You lose those layers all the time, and if you rub them you lose them faster. | [
"Photographs that have not been properly fixed and washed can shift color over time through oxidation and acid migration. As with any photographic print, mordançage prints are degraded by exposure to light, humidity, and high temperatures. The mordançage solution is acidic, so these prints can contaminate other mat... |
How do military historians justify the study of war? | Why, specifically, do military historians have to justify their field? War is not a joke, but neither are most subjects historians study. The Holocaust, slavery, colonialism, and violence against women are all incredibly grim topics that have been studied a great deal of attention by historians as well as scholars in o... | [
"Military history has a number of facets. One main facet is to learn from past accomplishments and mistakes, so as to more effectively wage war in the future. Another is to create a sense of military tradition, which is used to create cohesive military forces. Still, another may be to learn to prevent wars more eff... |
netflix original shows/films? | It's literally exactly the same way that every other TV show is made, except instead of the channel getting the money from advertising revenue, it comes from subscription fees. | [
"Netflix is an American global on-demand Internet streaming media provider, that has distributed a number of original programs, including original series, specials (including stand-up comedy specials), miniseries, documentaries, and films. Netflix's original films also include content that was first screened in oth... |
when originally formed, why didn't fda gain control over vitamins and other supplements? | I believe its because they can't patent plants. Someone correct me if im wrong. I don't think I am. Its the answer I was given when I asked my super smart daddy. | [
"BULLET::::- Vitamin-Mineral Amendment (\"Proxmire Amendment\") (April 22, 1976) prohibited the FDA from establishing standards to limit the potency of vitamins and minerals in food supplements or regulating them as drugs based solely on their potency.\n",
"The Proxmire Vitamin Bill of 1976 that kept the FDA from... |
How accurate are our measurements about the size of the universe, the distance to the sun, etc? | A lot of measuring of far off objects comes from finding standard candles and then basing measurements of adjacent objects off of that standard measurement. Typically, as long as the initial measurement of the standard candle does not have any unforeseen variables (such as a giant cloud of gas in the way that was other... | [
"He attempted to measure the distance and size of the Sun. In about 90 BCE, Posidonius estimated the distance from the Earth to the Sun (see astronomical unit) to be 9,893 times the Earth's radius. This was still too small by half. In measuring the size of the Sun, however, he reached a figure larger and more accur... |
why are laser pointers usually red or green? can you have a white laser? | By their nature, a laser is a single wavelength of light. It can therefore theoretically be any colour of the rainbow, but not white light, which is how we perceive a broad spread of wavelengths. | [
"Green laser pointers appeared on the market around 2000 and are the most common type of DPSS lasers (also called \"diode-pumped solid-state frequency-doubled\", DPSSFD). They are more complicated than standard red laser pointers, because laser diodes are not commonly available in this wavelength range. The green l... |
How did energy form quark–gluon plasma and elementary particles during the Big Bang? | > From my understanding, "pure" energy isn't a thing, and energy has to be in some form another.
Yep, you got it. Energy is a property of things/systems, not a thing in and of itself.
> The Wikipedia article for the Big Bang says, "After the initial expansion, the Universe cooled sufficiently to allow energy to be... | [
"During the quark epoch the universe was filled with a dense, hot quark–gluon plasma, containing quarks, leptons and their antiparticles. Collisions between particles were too energetic to allow quarks to combine into mesons or baryons.\n",
"In the immediate aftermath of the Big Bang, the expanding matter was so ... |
whats better a 10 year old car with very few miles or a 5-year old car with a lot of miles | Depends on the car, and what kind of driving you'll be doing. Need more info. | [
"In the year 2001, the National Automobile Dealers Association conducted a study revealing the average age of vehicles in operation in the US. The study found that of vehicles in operation in the US, 38.3% were older than ten years, 22.3% were between seven and ten years old, 25.8% were between three and six years ... |
How did sailor avoid hypothermia in the 18th century? | In addition to bundling up when possible, there were three things that would keep a sailor warm enough not to die of hypothermia, though certainly not comfortable.
First, men on a sailing ship move around a great deal. They are hauling rope, climbing into the masts, rolling sails, and otherwise constantly running arou... | [
"During the 18th century, disease killed more British sailors than enemy action. It was mainly by scurvy that George Anson, in his celebrated voyage of 1740–1744, lost nearly two-thirds of his crew (1,300 out of 2,000) within the first 10 months of the voyage.\n",
"Disease (malaria or yellow fever) was the most c... |
why is it always night time in space? | The sky is blue during the day because the atmosphere scatters short wavelengths of light more than long wavelengths. So the blue light from the sun is scattered, and appears to shine from the entire sky rather than just from the sun.
I space, there's no atmosphere, and thus no scattering of light. So the only light ... | [
"Space Night (full title: \"space night - All-tag nachts\") is the name of a German television program in the early night/morning hours each day. It is a mixture of chill-out-music and images of the earth as seen from space interspersed with informative broadcasts. It was started by the Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR) in... |
why do the effects in older movies (some not even 10 years old yet) seem so cheesy now yet back when the movie was released it seem so real! | When we haven't experienced something that much, we pay less attention to the details.
If we ate bacon for the first time, we'd get blown away by the taste no matter how it was cooked or where it's from - it's unique, delicious and memorable. After eating it every day for a month, we might develop a preference for how... | [
"Singer stated that he had to tone down the special effects to keep the film age-appropriate for children. He said, \"This movie probably has a bigger on-screen body count than any movie I've done before. It's done in a way that's fun, but it was a challenge to get away with that without it becoming upsetting to pe... |
what purpose does depression play in nature? why would the brain tell the body to kill it self? | Something doesn't have to "have a purpose" to exist.
Depression is, inherently, a flaw in the brain, it has no reason for existing just like cancer doesn't have a reason to exist.
Secondly, if something is not bad enough to prevent you from reproducing, it will still exist even though it's bad, which is why genetic d... | [
"Humanistic psychologists argued that depression resulted from an incongruity between society and the individual's innate drive to self-actualize, or to realize one's full potential. American humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow theorized that depression is especially likely to arise when the world precludes a se... |
why do toddlers have seemingly infinite energy? how come they don't enjoy just sitting down for a half hour or so? | Their brains are hard-wired at that stage in development to try to soak up as much information as possible. Running around doing stupid shit is annoying to us, but they're learning about how the world works when they do stuff like dump all the cleaning supplies on the floor and roll around in bleach (something I did as... | [
"Young children squat instinctively as a continuous movement from standing up whenever they want to lower themselves to ground level. One- and two-year-olds can commonly be seen playing in a stable squatting position, with feet wide apart and bottom not quite touching the floor, although at first they need to hold ... |
If I receive an organ from my identical twin brother, would I need to be on organ anti-rejection drugs afterwards? | I'm going to sort of throw AnatomyGuy under the bus on this, and hope he is ok with it.
It's rare for this to occur to start with, but [good](_URL_0_) recent studies show we may not need to keep them on the drugs. The survival rate, and necessity of drugs for rejection is seriously under scrutiny. The course of drug... | [
"In ischiopagic conjoined twins, a healthy leg was transplanted from a dying conjoined twin to her sister. There is no need for immunosuppression because of the identical genetic make-up of the donor and recipient.\n",
"The first successful organ transplant, performed in 1954 by Joseph Murray, involved identical ... |
How historically accurate is that Anne Boleyn slept with her brother ( George Boleyn) or was it used to have her arrested for treason? | This is one of those things that we can really never know for certain. But, the incestuous nature of George and Anne's relationship was believed by many at the time and was an easy way out for Henry VIII.
As you know, Henry went through a LOT of trouble to put aside Katherine in favor of the younger (and hopefully mor... | [
"Four of the accused men were tried in Westminster on 12 May 1536. Weston, Brereton, and Norris publicly maintained their innocence and only the tortured Smeaton supported the Crown by pleading guilty. Three days later, Anne and George Boleyn were tried separately in the Tower of London, before a jury of 27 peers. ... |
How common was marriage between Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the past and were there any societies where they held equal status? | Medieval Iberia is an absolutely fascinating case study of interfaith tensions and diplomacy which was often informed by sex, gender, and interfaith marriages.
The first thing you should know is the myth behind the Umayyad conquest of the Iberian peninsula in 711. According to legend, there was a Christian count in N... | [
"Marriage between Christians and Muslim rulers, although uncommon, was not unprecedented. Speros Vryonis provides several examples from the Sultanate of the Seljuk Turks, beginning with Kilij Arslan II. A later example is Michael VIII Palaiologos marrying off his illegitimate daughters Euphrosyne and Maria to Nogai... |
bible "book of revelation" | The Book of Revelation is the last book of the New Testament in Christianity. The Christian Bible consists of the Old Testament and New Testament. What Christians call the Old Testament is the entirety of holy scripture for Jews, who simply know the Old Testament as "the Bible" or "the Hebrew Bible."
The Book of Revel... | [
"Revelation 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John the Apostle, but the precise identity of the author remains a point of academic debate. This chapter contains the prologue of the book, fol... |
why does reverse esear work better for wall to wall medium rare on a steak or roast vs traditionally searing then finishing? | It's mostly about temperature control. When you cook meat in an oven, you're doing it for a known amount of time at a known temperature, everything is cooking evenly, and you can use a meat thermometer to get that internal temperature just right to your desired level of doneness.
After you have it **almost** **perfec... | [
"In reverse searing, the order of cooking is inverted. First the item to be cooked, typically a steak, is cooked at low heat until the center reaches desired temperature; then the outside is cooked with high temperature to achieve caramelization. This technique is typically recommended for thicker pieces of meat, 1... |
who decides what trailers get placed before each movie | Former movie theater projectionist here: We would get a list of what trailers to put before each movie when receiving the films, and compliance with that list would be checked via "Mystery Watchers" or those type of people.
Once a movie was released, we would go and remove those trailers from whatever movies they ... | [
"There are dozens of companies that specialize in the creation of film trailers in Los Angeles and New York. The trailer may be created at agencies (such as The Cimarron Group, MOJO, The Ant Farm, Ben Cain, Aspect Ratio, Flyer Entertainment, Trailer Park, Buddha Jones) while the film itself is being cut together at... |
why is cigarette smoke easy to inhale when most fumes are not? | Its not a fume, its smoke, and its not easy!!! You have to train your body to take it, because people are to stupid to listen to their lungs and throats. Eventually your body realizes your going to be stupid anyway so no bother continuing to tell you how stupid your being by sending the pain and discomfort signals to y... | [
"Sidestream tobacco smoke, or exhaled mainstream smoke, is particularly harmful. Because exhaled smoke exists at lower temperatures than inhaled smoke, chemical compounds undergo changes which can cause them to become more dangerous. As well, smoke undergoes changes as it ages, which causes the transformation of th... |
Why didn't Napoleon use archers? Who were the last archers in western armies? | I was half way through a reply then I realised you got some [answers to this](_URL_0_) a few months ago which cover my own opinions. Especially /u/Tiako 's top comment and I notice you have posted a brace of Shogun 2 : Total War pictures, firstly don't use a game as any kind of basis for historical fact, and secondly s... | [
"During the Napoleonic Wars, the Russian Imperial Army deployed Cossack, Bashkir, and Kalmyk horse archers against Napoleon's forces. Baron de Marbot writes that on the eve of the Battle of Leipzig, his forces encountered mounted archers: \n",
"Archers are shown preparing to fight French forces whom have double t... |
Why did the American revolutionaries bitch out King George III when by that time power had been firmly cemented in Parliament? | It's a little more complicated, but here's the simple answer.
American politicians were the American aristocracy. When the British government started getting involved in American politics, it eroded some of the power that the colonists traditionally held. American politicians said, "that's fine, but we're the aristocr... | [
"George III is often accused of obstinately trying to keep Great Britain at war with the revolutionaries in America, despite the opinions of his own ministers. In the words of the Victorian author George Trevelyan, the King was determined \"never to acknowledge the independence of the Americans, and to punish their... |
what was so great about the "miracle on ice"? | NHL players were not allowed to play in 1980. The victory was a group of American "Davids" vs. USSR State sponsored "Goliaths." And, Ronald Reagan, nationalism, and mullets. | [
"The \"Miracle on Ice\" was a medal-round game during the men's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York, played between the hosting United States and the four-time defending gold medalists, the Soviet Union.\n",
"Miracle on Ice is a 1981 American television sports docudrama for ... |
if planet earth's orbit around the sun is elliptic, and earth itself isn't a perfect sphere, why doesn't it just drift into the sun ? | Having an elliptic orbit is only important insofar as that's the only orbit that's actually an orbit. Hyperbolic orbits eject the orbiting body out of orbit; parabolic orbits lead to the object crashing into what it's orbiting; and circular orbits are just special cases of elliptical orbits that are essentially impossi... | [
"BULLET::::- Explanation : Within the Sun–Earth system, the point exists on the opposite side of the Sun, a little outside Earth's orbit and slightly further from the Sun than Earth is. This placement occurs because the Sun is also affected by Earth's gravity and so orbits around the two bodies' barycenter, which i... |
why can't you just hook up an alternator to the drive shaft or something of an electric car and charge it while you're driving? | Because the alternator would make it harder for the drive shaft to turn. You lose more energy making the alternator turn than you would get from the charge the alternator produces. | [
"Like other electric vehicles with use of the motor for regeneration of battery power, the Active E had a different driving experience from a car powered by an internal combustion engine: taking pressure off of the accelerator pedal results in deceleration as the motor brakes and regenerates electricity. Many drive... |
Could Alexander the Great actually have wept because there were no more worlds to conquer (i.e. did he conquer the entire known world?) | It is true, there were many more lands for Alexander to conquer even after 15 years of campaigning. However, the soldiers were compelled to turn around because of the ancient geography since they just crossed a dangerous river, saw a large jungle in front of them, and saw the Himalayans to their left. This map should b... | [
"... said Alexander 'Truly, then, all the inhabited world is mine. West, north, east, south, there is nothing more for me to conquer.' Then he sat down and wept because there were not other worlds for him to conquer.\n",
"On June 10, 323 BCE Alexander the Great died leaving behind a huge empire streching from Gre... |
how does a router decide what inbound packets should be routed to which machine? | By port number. When the router rewrites the source IP address, it also assigns a random port number (and remembers it). When the packets come back, they're addressed to the the port the router assigned so the router can then look up which device on its network it used that port for. | [
"A router is connected to two or more data lines from different networks. When a data packet comes in on one of the lines, the router reads the network address information in the packet to determine the ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to th... |
Why are the French and German pronunciations so close to each other? | > In French, the "u" is the same as the German "ü".
This is not exclusive to French and German. It is also present in Romansch and many Gallo-Italic (ie. most Italian dialects from north of the La Spezia-Rimini line) dialects, as well as pretty much every Continental Germanic language I can think of.
> The "r" i... | [
"The linguistic boundary between French and German is known as ' (lit. \"\"rösti\" ditch\", adopted in Swiss French as '). The term is humorous in origin and refers both to the geographic division and to perceived cultural differences between the Romandy and the German-speaking Swiss majority. The term can be trace... |
What is the circle that sometimes forms when rubbing your eyes through your eyelids? | These are called phosophenes. This happens when you touch or rub your closed eyes, or even squeeze them tightly closed, because the pressure stimulates your retina and makes your brain perceive light. Your retina has tiny cells in it that are used to collect light. When it takes in a light stimulus, the sensation cross... | [
"The most common phosphenes are pressure phosphenes, caused by rubbing or applying pressure on or near the closed eyes. They have been known since antiquity, and described by the Greeks. The pressure mechanically stimulates the cells of the retina. Experiences include a darkening of the visual field that moves agai... |
Did NorthAmerican natives actually cast copper? | The short answer is no. Native North Americans north of Mexico for the most part cold-hammered copper. Recent publications (see below) document heating and hammering of copper at Cahokia during the Mississippian Period. [This] (_URL_1_)
post from our FAQs provides a lot of good information as does [this one] (_URL_0_... | [
"The one area in Mesoamerica which had developed copper work before the arrival of the Spanish was in west Mexico in what are now the states of Jalisco and Michoacán, mostly in the Purépecha Empire. Most pre Hispanic copper work occurred in what are now the municipalities of Churumuco, La Huacana, Nuevo Urecho, Tac... |
Are there chemical elements that no longer exist? Could we continue to create man-made elements past what we've already made? | The big bang created almost nothing besides Hydrogen and Helium. The reasons for this are complicated, but basically boil down to all the fusion pathways from Helium to heavier elements take a long time, and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis was only occurring for a few *minutes*.
Every element found in nature that is heavier ... | [
"The remaining 24 heavier elements, not found today either on Earth or in astronomical spectra, have been produced artificially: these are all radioactive, with very short half-lives; if any atoms of these elements were present at the formation of Earth, they are extremely likely, to the point of certainty, to have... |
What happened in the western portion of the Pacific theater during WWII? | In China fighting continued in one form or another until the Japanese surrender. But after Pearl Harbor the Japanese focused their efforts elsewhere. The Chinese however weren't in any position to take advantage of this. Most of their population and industrial base was under Japanese occupation. And the Allied supplies... | [
"The South West Pacific theatre, during World War II, was a major theatre of the war between the Allies and the Axis. It included the Philippines, the Dutch East Indies (except for Sumatra), Borneo, Australia and its mandate Territory of New Guinea (including the Bismarck Archipelago) and the western part of the So... |
- why did we used to have/use mercury thermometers? | Mercury, while poisonous, has good thermal expansion properties. It expands a lot when you heat it. For that reason, you can use it to make small, easy to read thermometers. | [
"Most thermometers now use pigmented alcohol instead of mercury, and galinstan alloy thermometers are also an option. Mercury thermometers are still occasionally used in the medical field because they are more accurate than alcohol thermometers, though both are commonly being replaced by electronic thermometers and... |
Can somebody explain to me the Dirac sea? | The Dirac sea is not our modern theory of antiparticles. It was Dirac's attempt to make sense of negative energy states in relativistic quantum mechanics, but it's totally superseded by quantum field theory (a more complete version of relativistic QM) which reinterprets the negative energy states in Dirac's equation as... | [
"The Dirac sea is a theoretical model of the vacuum as an infinite sea of particles with negative energy. It was first postulated by the British physicist Paul Dirac in 1930 to explain the anomalous negative-energy quantum states predicted by the Dirac equation for relativistic electrons. The positron, the antimatt... |
What would have been the implications to Britain if the Sykes-Picot were public instead of private. | Unfortunately, AskHistorians only deals with what did happen, not what might have happened and I've therefore had to remove your post. However, your question would be perfect for /r/HistoricalWhatIf, should you wish to cross-post.
Thank you. | [
"In a further sign of British discontent with Sykes-Picot, in August, Sykes penned a \"Memorandum on the Asia Minor Agreement\" that was tantamount to advocating its renegotiation else that it be made clear to the French that they \"make good – that is to say that if they cannot make a military effort compatible wi... |
if s. korea has twice as many people as n. korea, and has vastly superior technology and economic power - why are they threatened to the point of needing us assistance? | There is an ancient Chinese saying that goes like this:
The smart man with everything to lose is afraid of the dumb man with nothing to lose, but everybody is afraid of that crazy motherfucker next door who periodically throws rocks at your house and takes a shit on your doorstep every Thursday. | [
"[The U.S. and S. Korea] have a long history of military and security cooperation. I don't think this or any other individual issues are going to change the fundamental relations (between the two countries).\n",
"Unresolved tension with North Korea has prompted South Korea to allocate 2.6% of its GDP and 15% of a... |
Is there a conclusive relationship between income level and crime rate? | It's a very difficult thing to study because crime data are incomplete and strongly influenced by societal attitudes, policing (as /u/newshoeforyou points out) and right through the criminal justice system. And because there are a very large number of factors which likely contribute and disentangling these is difficult... | [
"Somewhat inconsistent evidence indicates a positive relationship between low income levels, the percentage of population under the poverty line, low education levels, and high income inequality in an area with more crime in said area. A 2013 study from Sweden argued that there was little effect of neighbourhood de... |
How did the French adapt to English longbow tactics? In ‘The King’ they just keep charging blindly - is that accurate? | The French get a bad rap in a lot of older scholarship and, as a result, also in pop-history and movies. The near-constant defeat of the French has been taken as evidence that the French, in their arrogance, preferred to keep their "chivalric" tactics and rely solely on the massed cavalry charge and individual prowess ... | [
"The English longbow was greatly responsible for making England a major military power in the late medieval period, the English had introduced this deadly longbow during the Battle of Crecy. King Edward III was ravaging the countryside during the invasion of France, King Philip VI of France intercepted the English ... |
the british mortgage system | It's pretty staright forward. First of all, you go to the bank and you say "I earn X amount of money per year and I have X amount of money to put down as a deposit". The bank manager will then either say "Well done my good man, we are happy to extend you a mortgage to the limit of £XXX" or "Be gone, vagabond! And take ... | [
"The UK mortgage market is one of the most innovative and competitive in the world. Most borrowing is funded by either mutual organisations (building societies and credit unions) or proprietary lenders (typically banks). For a number of years the market operated with minimal state intervention, although this change... |
Why do Jet airplanes leave behind contrails that sometimes stay across the whole sky and slowly spread out, other times it is a faint line that only follows closely behind the jet, and sometimes no contrails are present? | It depends on the atmospheric conditions where the airplane is flying.
See _URL_0_
Basically, if a plane flies though a patch of sky where the humidity is not close to saturation, then the exhaust will not condense and will thusly not form contrails. If the humidity is close to saturation where a plane flies, a cont... | [
"Where an aircraft passes through a cloud, it can disperse the cloud in its path. This is known as a distrail (short for \"dissipation trail\"). The plane's warm engine exhaust and enhanced vertical mixing in the aircraft's wake can cause existing cloud droplets to evaporate. If the cloud is sufficiently thin, such... |
[also engineering] How do roller coasters maintain the same speeds with so many different loads of people? | Largely because acceleration due to gravity is independent of mass. This was first shown in 1590 and has been confirmed countless times including on the moon;
_URL_0_
Roller coaster track friction and air resistance will affect this but not by much. | [
"BULLET::::- Maximum Velocity: The first and only ride of its kind in the world, this unique coaster allows guests to race in tandem tubes down two side-by-side slide tracks. Double Riders must be at least 48\" to ride while single riders must be at least 60\" to ride.\n",
"Ranked by height, speed, length, invers... |
if we die because our cells get old and useless, then why are old people able to create babies who have entirely "new" cells? | To understand this, you have to know what a telomere is. Humans have these things in their DNA called telomeres. They are long repeated sequences repeated over and over found at the ends of our chromosomes. Big endcap buffers of repeated genetic code. The human telomere sequence is TTAGGG.
As our cells divide and our ... | [
"Some of the cells in our bodies cannot be replaced, or can be only replaced very slowly—more slowly than they die. This decrease in cell number affects some of the most important tissues of the body. Muscle cells are lost in skeletal muscles and the heart, causing them to become frailer with age. Loss of neurons i... |
How did the Highland people of Scotland end up speaking a Celtic language (Scottish Gaelic), while the Lowland people of Scotland ended up speaking a Germanic language (Scots)? | Before I answer your main question, I want to give an advance apology for not going into as much detail as I possibly could, nor for providing any sources. I am currently typing this in my phone with a busted hand, so if you or the mods ask for further details or sources, I will be glad to eventually do so when I have ... | [
"Thus, from the end of the 14th century, and certainly by the end of the 15th century, Scotland began to show a split into two cultural areasthe mainly English or Scots Lowlands, and the mainly Gaelic-speaking Highlands (which then could be thought to include Galloway and Carrick; see Galwegian Gaelic). This caused... |
Are our brain's wrinkles unique to each individual like fingerprints or are they mostly the same shape with few variations? | They are generally the same in a gross manner. For example most people (~70%) have a [lateral occipital sulcus](_URL_0_) but not everyone does.
You may find people completely lacking a sulcus (groove) or gyrus (ridge) where others may have one more than a "regular" brain.
Anatomical textbooks generally show a "perfec... | [
"The brain is abnormally smooth, with fewer folds and grooves. The face, especially in children, has distinct characteristics including a short nose with upturned nares, thickened upper lip with a thin vermilion upper border, frontal bossing, small jaw, low-set posteriorily rotated ears, sunken appearance in the mi... |
What causes the initial signal from our brains to be fired when we decide to move a limb? | There's a lot of really cool research still going on in this field, and though it may be surprising we still don't know everything about what generates the commands for voluntary ('somatic') motor control! While we do have quite a complete anatomical understanding of the descending pathways from the brain to the muscle... | [
"Using an fMRI, Roger B. H. Tootel \"et al.\" were able to identify the area of the brain that is active when experiencing illusory motion. Tootel and his colleagues had participants view a set of concentric rings that appeared to move inward and outward. Participants would experience a motion aftereffect after vie... |
Why do antibiotics become less effective while vaccines seem to maintain their potency? | Discovering new types of antibiotics is pretty hard, and the chemical makeup can't really be changed. Since the makeup of antibiotics doesn't really change, organisms become resistant over time. Vaccines are much different in that they use either the actual organism in a state that makes the human body produce its ow... | [
"Microorganisms do not develop resistance to vaccines because a vaccine enhances the body's immune system, whereas an antibiotic operates separately from the body's normal defenses. Furthermore, if the use of vaccines increases, there is evidence that antibiotic resistant strains of pathogens will decrease; the nee... |
What stops certain diseases from spreading throughout your body? | The 10,000 ft view answer of your question is anatomy and the immune system. But here goes.
The body has 2 main methods of fighting infection: barriers and chemicals. Barriers include the skin, fascial layers, organ linings, and even cell membranes. The immune system is comprised of chemical signals called chemokines,... | [
"Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have... |
This isn't a question about history but a question to historians. For those who have a degree in history why did you want to study that? Also what jobs can you get with a history degree? | [Here](_URL_0_) are links to several posts about careers for history graduates and postgraduate study. | [
"Research and teaching history in the United States has, of course, included the history of Europe and the rest of the world as well. So many topics are covered that is possible only to list some of the outstanding scholars.\n",
"Public history continues to develop and define itself. There are currently many grad... |
how do you learn to keep a beat? | I don't know right off the top of my head if there's a scientific way to learn to keep beat but as somebody who's been doing music related stuff for the past decade, this is my two cents.
Find a 4/4 beat on YouTube or a song in 4/4, and work on tapping your foot or snapping a finger to the beat. 4/4 is very common in... | [
"Lawrence Chandler of Bowery Electric told \"Alternative Press\" \"\"Beat\" is the beginning of us learning our way around a proper sampler and software which allows us to work with samples on the computer. We can sample ourselves, manipulate sounds, create our own beats and basically work with fewer restrictions.\... |
why does pressure on the lower back help alleviate period cramps? | Period cramps are basically uterine muscles seizing up and hurting. Steady pressure on seized muscles helps them relax. Heat also helps them relax, which is why heating pads are a godsend. | [
"BULLET::::- The cause of cramping is unknown, but may be related to elevated lactate, increased calcium signaling across the sarcoplasmic reticulum caused by membrane instability from reduced levels of ATP, or increased levels of free adenosine.\n",
"The nerve may become painful over a period of time as weight g... |
what is the difference between a psychopath, a narcissist, a sociopath, and a sadist? | Psychopath and sociopath are coloquial terms for what is currently the same diagnosis: antisocial personality disorder. This is most notably characterized by an extreme lack of empathy and manipulative behaviors.
Narcissism is an inflated sense of self-worth and self-importance.
Sadism is taking pleasure in causing p... | [
"Psychopathic individuals are best known for their flagrant disregard for social and moral norms. Psychopaths have dysfunctional personal relationships, characterized by violence, exploitation, and philandering. Emotionally, they are incapable of feeling guilt or empathy, they respond abnormally to fear and pain, a... |
shitredditsays | Boy, if you can detect any consistent trend there other than annoying whinging and thinly-veiled misandry, you're a better man than I. (Or woman.)
But then, I lack the stomach to peruse there for long. Life is too short for that shit. | [
"Whonamedit? is an English-language dictionary of medical eponyms and the people associated with their identification. Though it is a dictionary, many eponyms and persons are presented in extensive articles with comprehensive bibliographies. The dictionary is hosted in Norway and maintained by medical historian Ole... |
What’s the science behind why inhaling Ozone (O3) is harmful, when it only has an extra Oxygen atom? | Ozone is less stable than O2, which basically means the extra oxygen atom "wants" to pop off and react with stuff. For example, Carbon-Carbon double bonds (and a bunch of other organic stuff). So in your body, it goes around ripping into the organic molecules that make up your cells and breaking them up into chunks ... | [
"Ozone () is generated by passing oxygen () through a high voltage potential resulting in a third oxygen atom becoming attached and forming . Ozone is very unstable and reactive and oxidizes most organic material it comes in contact with, thereby destroying many pathogenic microorganisms. Ozone is considered to be ... |
Was premarital sex really punishable by death during the Middle Ages in Europe? | To put it simply, punishments for the sin of fornication in the medieval world depended upon the marital status of both parties. Premarital intercourse between two young people who were both unmarried but intended to one another carried less of a penalty than adultery involving one or both parties. For Ivo of Chartres ... | [
"Sexual offenses were punished in a variety of ways during the Middle Ages. There were numerous prosecutions for adultery, fornication, and other sexual offenses, but fornication was the most frequently prosecuted. Fornication was seen as a serious sin and a canonical crime and those convicted were required to “pay... |
why is the us concentrated on eliminating isis when there's drug cartels right in their back yard (mexico) that kill more americans annually than isis? | I'm going to say that ISIS's stated intent is to destroy America. Mexican drug cartels are really just interested in making money. Americans are their customers. The murders are more like collateral damage, or a cost of doing business, not a deliberate effort to kill Americans for the sake of killing Americans.
In oth... | [
"Research has shown that many weapons and arms trafficked into Mexico are from gun dealers in the United States via straw purchasers. In response to a 2009 GAO report, the DHS pointed out that the \"majority\" were 3,480 U.S. origin guns of 4,000 successfully traceable by ATF. These were the arms investigated out a... |
why do trucks that carry liquids have cylindrical tankers? wouldn't you be able to carry more volume in a rectangular container? | A cylinder doesn't create weak points, like corners or like the middle of flat sides (which can bulge).
A cylinder uses less surface material to enclose the same volume, compared to a rectangle. (To help understand this intuitively: rounding off the corners saves a lot of material with only a small loss in volume.) | [
"Smaller tankers, ranging from well under to Panamax vessels, generally carry refined petroleum products, and are known as product tankers. The smallest tankers, with capacities under generally work near-coastal and inland waterways. Although they were in the past, ships of the smaller Aframax and Suezmax classes a... |
How can dogs learn to associate human words with actions/ objects? | Positive reinforcement is one of the main ways animals learn to perform tasks.
There must have been a time when it was rewarded to get the paper then it keeps doing it expecting to get the reward.
Animals learn to associate voice inflections to behavior/emotion, that's why you can say the most nasty things to your d... | [
"Dogs can infer the name of an object and have been shown to learn the names of over 1,000 objects. Dogs can follow the human pointing gesture; even nine-week-old puppies can follow a basic human pointing gesture without being taught. New Guinea singing dogs, a half-wild proto-dog endemic to the remote alpine regio... |
how do holidays such as father's day and mother's day get designated to such days? | Because Hallmark says it's a holiday/celebration. Average $6 a greeting card. Talk about a great racket. | [
"Mother's Day is a celebration honoring the mother of the family, as well as motherhood, maternal bonds, and the influence of mothers in society. It is celebrated on various days in many parts of the world, most commonly in the months of March or May. It complements similar celebrations honoring family members, suc... |
what happens when a magnet is too close to a hard drive and ruins it? does this also apply to solid state drives? | A magnetic field is like waves hitting the beach. A normal hard drive is like drawing your data into the sand. The data is washed away by the waves, because they move the sand. A solid state drive is like drawing your data with little stones. They aren't moved by the waves, so they wont be affected by the waves. | [
"When an external magnetic field is applied to a ferromagnetic material such as iron, the atomic domains align themselves with it. Even when the field is removed, part of the alignment will be retained: the material has become \"magnetized\". Once magnetized, the magnet will stay magnetized indefinitely. To demagne... |
why do many insects love to fly into bright objects? | They don't. Rather, they evolved to use the sun and/or moon (depending on whether or not they're nocturnal) to aid in navigation. The sun and moon are far enough away that, if you keep them at a specific angle (say, 30 degrees ahead and to the right) you will travel in a straight line. However, humans invented artif... | [
"The reason insects and especially particular families of insect (e.g. moths), are attracted to light is uncertain . The most accepted theory is that moth migrate using the moon and stars as navigational aids and that the placement of a closer than the moon light causes subtended angles of light at the insects eye ... |
How and why do blood clots traveling to the lungs cause death? | Blood travels through the venous system into the right heart. They'll reach the vena cava, then the right atrium, then the right ventricle, then the pulmonary artery into the lungs. Since the clots are usually small-ish, there shouldn't have much trouble traveling through the relatively large veins and heart chambers. ... | [
"Passage of a clot (thrombus) from a systemic vein to a systemic artery. When clots in systemic veins break off (embolize), they travel first to the right side of the heart and, normally, then to the lungs where they lodge, causing pulmonary embolism. On the other hand, when there is a hole at the septum, either up... |
how do police scanners work? | The term has a number of meanings.
One meaning of 'police scanner' is just a radio that is tuned to the radio channels that the police use. You can hear their conversations.
Another is a 'radar scanner', that listens for the signals given out by radar speed measurement devices. A similar device could be made that det... | [
"A scanner (also referred to a police scanner, police scanner radio or radio scanner) is a radio receiver that can automatically tune, or \"scan\", two or more discrete frequencies, stopping when it finds a signal on one of them and then continuing to scan other frequencies when the initial transmission ceases.\n",... |
when a judge asks the jury in a court of law to "disregard" a previous comment made, what exactly does this do? they can't erase it from their memories, doesn't what is said stay in their minds and still affect their overall verdict? | They are supposed to do their best. It's like how they are supposed to do their best to not assume guilt when someone pleads the fifth. It can also give grounds for a retrial. | [
"The Court then noted that an objection to this logic might be that a jury might find it \"natural and irresistible\" to infer the guilt of a defendant who refused to testify while possessing facts about the evidence against him, and so a judge's commenting upon the refusal did not \"magnify that inference into a p... |
How did the Warsaw Pact military stack up against NATO? Could it defend itself, or would it have fallen apart quickly? | There were huge differences between countries, as their goals and interests varied greatly. For instance in Hungary, in the fifties the military was of outmost priority, there was no amount of money too much if it was meant for defense. They bough fairly up-to date soviet weaponry and had the means (adequate training, ... | [
"The Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO; there was no direct military confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis and in proxy wars. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the r... |
why is the brain "wrinkly"? how does a larger surface area of the brain give us more of an advantage over volume? | because the cores of your neurons are only located at the surface of your brain, the interiour consistd of their connections if im not mistaken. a larger surface volume leaves you with more neurons in total | [
"Cortex abnormalities may also be present. For example, frontal regions of the brain tend to be thicker than expected, while posterior and parietal regions are thinner. Thinner sections of the brain are also associated with increased cortical folding. Neurons within the cortex may also be displaced.\n",
"The stud... |
To what extent was the Ottoman administration inherited from the Byzantines? | The transition from Byzantine to Ottoman rule was a kind of synthesis between the two. Mehmed II had a Greek mother according to the chronicles we have, so he saw himself as the heir to Greco-Roman civilization in some way. Starting in the fourteenth century, the Ottomans already incorporated Balkan Christian nobility ... | [
"The conquest of the Byzantine capital of Constantinople in 1453 enabled the Ottomans to consolidate their empire in Anatolia and Thrace. The Ottomans later revived the title of caliph during the reign of Sultan Selim. Despite the absence of a formal institutional structure, Sunni religious functionaries played an ... |
Are we rotating around the sun or just being dragged through space by the sun in an elliptical-type motion? | The earth is absolutely rotating around the sun. When we talk about the solar system we usually imagine a reference frame where the sun is at rest. The earth will not end up trailing behind the sun linearly as it has nowhere to lose all it's angular momentum to. Rather than trailing behind it the earth would fall in to... | [
"Perhaps the most commonly encountered rotating reference frame is the Earth. Moving objects on the surface of the Earth experience a Coriolis force, and appear to veer to the right in the northern hemisphere, and to the left in the southern. Movements of air in the atmosphere and water in the ocean are notable exa... |
how are some government systems so efficient while others are not? what makes them inefficient? | Some systems reward inefficiency. You are given a budget, and if you are frugal and use less than your given budget, those in charge of budgeting will see it and assume you don't need as much money, giving some of your budget to another area that is overrunning theirs to make up the difference. Sounds reasonable in som... | [
"An effective system is not necessarily an economical (efficient) system. For example, the postal service may keep on schedule with mail deliveries but only by hiring a large number of additional workers. In this case, the efficiency of the postal system would be reduced. In another example, inventories may be cont... |
why don't people just not use or purchase copyrighted material? | That would severely limit your choice. Very little is in the public domain. Most people are not going to be sufficiently entertained by reading old novels and Shakespeare plays. There are very few movies, TV shows and games in the public domain, and even less that has been made in the last few decades. | [
"There are uses of copyrighted material that may involve copying that do not invoke copyright law, these are deemed fair uses. Fair use law denies the owner any exclusive right over such fair uses for public policy. The internet shifts the use of digital creative property, to one that is now regulated under copyrig... |
the subatomic particles | Quarks are things called elementary particles, meaning they are not known to be made up of any smaller particles. They are what make up protons & neutrons, which are made up of 3 quarks each. Particles made of quarks are called hadrons. Quarks come in six "flavours" (up, down, top, bottom, strange, charm), each havin... | [
"In the physical sciences, subatomic particles are particles much smaller than atoms. The two types of subatomic particles are: elementary particles, which according to current theories are not made of other particles; and \"composite\" particles. Particle physics and nuclear physics study these particles and how t... |
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