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Tuesday Trivia \| Crazy Cartography: Historical Maps!	I think I'll take this opportunity to highlight what is generally considered one of the greatest infographics of all time, Charles Minard's [Flow Map of Napoleon's Campaign into Russia.](_URL_0_) Although it is in French, it should be easily decipherable to the viewer in its portrayal of the size of the army as it trav...	[ "The David Rumsey Historical Map Collection is one of the world's largest private map collections. It has over 150,000 maps and cartographic items. The collection was created by David Rumsey who, after making his fortune in real estate, focused initially on collecting 18th- and 19th century maps of North and South ...
how can people just tell which direction they're going?	Well, there are a few ways. But most importantly, road signs should tell you which direction highways go. Also, it's all about learning how to orient yourself. Use the sun as a guide. It rises in the East and sets in the West. Looking into the sun in the morning? You're headed East. Sun to your left in the evening? You...	[ "We get our sense of direction when we match up spatial maps we have stored in the hippocampus, to the pattern of firing neurons when we are trying to find our way back or trying to find our car in the parking lot.\n", "Many puzzles ask for the direction from one city to another. These directions always fall betw...
How crucial was the Army's role is the pacific campaign?	The bulk of the troops in the Pacific were actually Army, not USMC. By my count 22 Army divisions saw combat in the Pacific: Americal, Philippine, 6th, 7th, 24th, 25th, 27th, 31st, 32nd, 33rd, 37th, 38th, 40th, 41st, 43rd, 77th, 81st, 93rd, 96th, 98th, 11th Airborne, and 1st Cavalry. Several other Army divisions were a...	[ "As early as mid-1943, the United States Army had recognized that, once victory was won, bringing the troops home would be a priority. US soldiers were scattered across 55 theaters of war worldwide. Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall established committees to address the logistical problem. Eventually orga...
Why is there things like depression that make people constantly sad but no disorders that cause constant euphoria?	Academic psychiatrist here. First off, depression doesn't "make" people sad. Rather "depression" is a description of a person's experience. It is often used to describe the symptom of depression, but there are broader clinical entities such as a "major depressive episode," which have operationalized definitions. As fo...	[ "In addition there is increasing evidence that inflammation can cause depression because of the increase of cytokines, setting the brain into a \"sickness mode\". Classical symptoms of being physically sick like lethargy show a large overlap in behaviors that characterize depression. Levels of cytokines tend to inc...
During the Battle of Moscow (1941), the Soviet Union moved a big amount of units from Siberia and the Far East to fight in Moscow. Couldn't it has been a good moment to start a second front in the east by the Japanese Empire?	Absolutely not Japan was in no condition to start another war with Russia as it was already moving to strike at the US and European Pacific colonies. By the start of Battle of Moscow, Japan was planning its attack on the US and to wipe out the Pacific Fleet. Japan was by this time starved of resources, the US, UK, and ...	[ "The Soviet Army counter offensive for \"removing the immediate threat to Moscow\" started on December 5 on the North-Western Front (the area around Krasnaya Polyana and Lobnya North West of Moscow). The South-Western Front and Western Fronts began their offensives on December 6. The German forces were driven back....
Why do cast iron frying pans turn black?	It's mostly from iron oxide (FeO) forming due to reaction with oxygen in air. The oxide is normally a dark grey colour but even a tiny amount of absorbed oil will turn it dark black.	[ "Cast iron cookware is slow to heat, but once at temperature provides even heating. Cast iron can also withstand very high temperatures, making cast iron pans ideal for searing. Being a reactive material, cast iron can have chemical reactions with high acid foods such as wine or tomatoes. In addition, some foods (s...
why is it so universally accepted that dinosaurs roared? is there any way paleontologist know what kind of sounds that actually would have made?	Paleontologists can use the features, shapes, and dimensions of the nasal cavities and other parts of the skull to determine what kinds of sounds dinosaurs might be able to make. In recent decades, we have found mummified dinosaurs with enough fossilized soft tissue to help with this kind of investigation. In the case...	[ "In 2016 she speculated that based on her research she felt it was unlikely that dinosaurs roared. She proposed that it was much more likely that they made noises that were similar to those made by a modern pigeon.\n", "BULLET::::- The Dinosaur: big but not too bright—a sort of sauropod with spinal plates like a ...
Did industrialization and urbanization see an increase in mental illness?	Hi OP, while this question might get answered here, it sounds more like the domain of /r/AskSocialScience or /r/AskPsychology . You might consider x-posting to one of them.	[ "Institutionalization would continue to improve throughout the 19th and 20th century due to work of many humanitarians such as Dorethea Dix, and the mental hygiene movement which promoted the physical well-being of the mental patients. \"Dix more than any other figure in the nineteenth century, made people in Ameri...
As a segment of the population, did European nobility in the Medieval, Early Modern and Modern eras die disproportionately in war?	Yes, at least in many instances. I know that David Cannadine has demonstrated that WWI took a disproportionate human toll on the British aristocracy. I know his purpose in relating that is to make the point that even as late as 1914 the aristocracy were still committed to a warrior class ideal and that this ideal's e...	[ "Few noble houses were extinguished during the wars; in the period from 1425 to 1449, before the outbreak of the wars, there were as many extinctions of noble lines from natural causes (25) has occurred during the fighting (24) from 1450 to 1474. The most ambitious nobles died and by the later period of the wars, f...
Was Marxism So Rampant In Academia Back During Much Of The Cold War?	Note- continental European academia has different intellectual traditions and specific contexts, so will be kept out of the discussion. Assuming the OP is giving an accurate picture of the poly sci prof's position the characterization that Marxism was "rampant" in the Anglo-American academy is both inaccurate and a g...	[ "Post-Marxism dates from the late 1960s and several trends and events of that period influenced its development. The weakness of the Soviet Union paradigm became evident and Marxism faced a lack since the Second International. This happened concurrently with the occurrence internationally of the student riots of 19...
If living bodies are constantly emitting heat, are they losing minute amounts of mass?	Even if you assume that all of the energy is coming from converting matter into energy (a la E = m * c^2 ), it'd be a really, really small amount. Assuming a basal metabolic rate of 100 W, that yields 100 / (2.998 * 10^8 )^2 = 1.11265006 * 10^-15 kilograms every second. At that rate, you'd lose about 2.8 milligrams ...	[ "Based on the preceding work on electromagnetic mass, Friedrich Hasenöhrl suggested that part of the mass of a body (which he called apparent mass) can be thought of as radiation bouncing around a cavity. The \"apparent mass\" of radiation depends on the temperature (because every heated body emits radiation) and i...
Why did we evolve two kidneys?	This question is misleading because the question of "Why did we evolve X" is quite different from "What is the advantage of X"? The question of why we evolved something is answered in all cases by "because of mutation." We gain adaptive and maladaptive genotypes (which manifest as phenotypes like two kidneys) as a resu...	[ "Three different kidney systems form in the developing embryo: the pronephros, the mesonephros and the metanephros. Only the metanephros develops into the permanent kidney. All three are derived from the intermediate mesoderm.\n", "Early kidney structures include the pronephros and mesonephros, whose complexity, ...
What causes electrons to move (and also eventually slow) in a current?	At a finite temperature, free electrons are always moving due to pure thermal motion. This doesn't give rise to any current because the electrons are moving in random directions, and their net motion cancels to zero. When an electric field exists across the material, it creates regions of high and low electric potenti...	[ "By controlling the accelerating voltage, the speed of the electrons flowing down the tube is set to be similar to the speed of the RF signal running down the helix. The signal in the wire causes a magnetic field to be induced in the center of the helix, where the electrons are flowing. Depending on the phase of th...
how can something like beer, a liquid, make you more thirsty?	Just because it's a liquid doesn't mean it'll provide you with water. Drink a bottle of mercury or antifreeze...... actually don't. Beer is a solution of alcohol and water. While it initially provides you with water, the alcohol triggers your system to use it's water store to flush out the processed alcohol toxin, l...	[ "Drinking is the act of ingesting water or other liquids into the body through the mouth. Water is required for many physiological processes. Both excessive and inadequate water intake are associated with health problems.\n", "Water can often play a very important role in the way a beer tastes, as it is the main ...
Did East Berliners dig tunnels to bypass the Berlin Wall during the Cold War?	Yes, they did. Before I dive deeper let me just clarify that it was not the Soviets who were responsible for securing the border of East Germany, but the Ministry of National Defense of the GDR. In fact the so called "Grenztruppen" (border troops) were an independent branch within the military of East Germany. The Ger...	[ "Tunnel 57 was a tunnel under the Berlin Wall that on the third and fourth October 1964 was the location of a mass escape by 57 East Berlin citizens. Student and future astronaut Reinhard Furrer was among the West German escape helpers who assisted the East Berliners in escaping. During the escape, East German bord...
why does a hard boiled egg leave me feeling full much sooner than eating a srambled or fried egg?	It has a lot to do with the fact that more of the egg protein gets denatured when frying as opposed to boiling. Remember, your body has a lower tolerance for protein than fat, so will more quickly fill up on it. This is why people on high-protein diets can eat less and still feel full. The higher temps also break down ...	[ "Hard-boiled egg (Japanese: ハードボイルド) is cooked as its name refers, after boiling in hot water for more than 15 minutes it becomes a Hard-boiled egg. And its personality changed to calm and positive, always think about the better side of an event. Its face looks more like a mature adult with thick straight eyebrows....
Books on Time	A lot of questions here. Maybe you should check out "Relativity simply explained" by Martin Gardner. Einstein's original paper was just a theory of electricity for when the electrical sources are moving. It was Minkowski who made the connection with a four dimensional geometry of space+time. You can use special relat...	[ "\"Back in Time\" is a cross between a history textbook and a multimedia encyclopedia. The app presents 50 key events since the beginning of the universe until the present day covering different timescales such as the chronology of the universe, the geological history of earth, the evolutionary history of life and ...
If you were a human floating towards the sun, at what distance from the sun would you feel an Earth-like temperature?	tl;dr: If you're near Earth's orbit, you're already way too close. You'd need to drift outward quite a bit. On Earth, if you leave something lying in the sun indefinitely, it will heat up until the heat it loses to the surrounding air (and the ground) is balanced with the heat it absorbs from the sun. In space, it wo...	[ "where \"T\" is the temperature of the Sun, \"R\" the radius of the Sun, and \"a\" is the distance between the Earth and the Sun. This gives an effective temperature of 6 °C on the surface of the Earth, assuming that it perfectly absorbs all emission falling on it and has no atmosphere.\n", "or 102 °C. (Above the...
Why can't we achieve the equivalent of a quantum computer simply by creating transistors with more than two states?	There is a big difference between an object that can exist in multiple states and an object that can exist in a superposition of states. A classical bit (0 or 1) or trit (0, 1 or 2) can still only exist in 2 (or 3) states. Its in the state 0, 1 or 2. A qbit exists in a superposition a\|0 > + b\|1 > , where "a" and "b" a...	[ "In 2000 Knill, Laflamme and Milburn (KLM protocol) proved that it is possible to create universal quantum computer solely with beam splitters, phase shifters, photodetectors and single photon sources. The states that form a qubit in this protocol are the one-photon states of two modes, i.e. the states \|01\n", "I...
why is it preferable to have illegally obtained evidence thrown out of court as opposed to keeping it and prosecuting the one who obtained it?	The Supreme Court discusses this rationale in every exclusionary case. The first thing to keep in mind is that the Constitution does not require an exclusionary rule. But for the 4th Amendment to have any value it must have some remedy or mechanism of enforcement. Suing the officials for an illegal search is always...	[ "Overturning a conviction after dozens of appeals and petitions have been denied is notoriously difficult, though prisoners have some options at their disposal. They can still attain freedom if legitimate innocence can be proven. The most common method is by using DNA evidence to disprove a crime that happened befo...
Is there any scientific basis behind the concept of "detoxing"?	No. The human body is quite capable of removing most toxins itself and none of these products have been shown to have any real effect in removing "toxins."	[ "Detoxification (often shortened to detox and sometimes called body cleansing) is a type of alternative-medicine treatment which aims to rid the body of unspecified \"toxins\" – substances that proponents claim have accumulated in the body and have undesirable short-term or long-term effects on individual health. A...
When did Mexico become a majority Spanish-speaking country (as opposed to the various indigenous languages). I thought I'd read somewhere that in the 1820s, when independence was achieved, ~50% of the country still primarily spoke an Indian language	The following is sourced from Nicholas Ostler's Empires of the Word: A Language History of the World. When the Spanish conquered the territory we today (and many of its pre-conquest inhabitants) call Mexico, its people spoke a wide range of languages. Most common was Nahuatl, the Aztec language, which Ostler argues ...	[ "Mexico lost almost half of the northern territory gained from Spain in 1821 to the United States in the Mexican–American War (1846–1848). This included parts of contemporary Texas, and Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming, California, Nevada, and Utah. Although the lost territory was sparsely populated, the thou...
if someone goes to jail for something that later becomes legal, are they then released?	Nothing, they still broke the law. If the law goes into affect retroactively, which is incredibly rare, they may be freed.	[ "When a person is arrested for the commission or suspicion of a crime for which the punishment is not death or imprisonment for life, such person may apply to the Area Magistrate for releasing him on bail. If the Court thinks it fit to release him on bail, it can pass such an order. After completing requisite forma...
the community aspect of reddit	Cake day is the anniversary of the day you created your account. The developers added a feature that puts a little cake symbol next to your name on your cake day. People have started to use that as a way to encourage others to upvote an otherwise mediocre post (pet pics, often) as a way of "cashing in" their cake day. ...	[ "People, in general, are social beings and are motivated by receiving direct responses to their contributions. Most online communities enable this by allowing people to reply back to others' contributions (e.g. many Blogs allow comments from readers, one can reply back to forum posts, etc.). Granted, there is some ...
How much dietary iron could a person eat before setting off a metal detector?	No amount of dietary iron will set off a metal detector. Metal detectors operate through induction, and respond to electrically conductive materials. Dietary iron is ionic, and has completely different properties. You could wheel a few cases of iron pills through a metal detector and it wouldn't go off because they'...	[ "An American Dietetic Association study found that cast-iron cookware can leach significant amounts of dietary iron into food. The amounts of iron absorbed varied greatly depending on the food, its acidity, its water content, how long it was cooked, and how old the cookware is. The iron in spaghetti sauce increased...
Why is the speed of light expressed as 'c'?	It was once a common letter to use for the speed or velocity of various things, from Latin celeritas, "speed". Enough of the founding papers on relativity used it for the invariant speed that it's become rare to see it used in any other sense.	[ "where \"c\" is the speed of light, with some authors preferring to multiply the right hand side by an overall constant formula_2, where \"ε\" is the permittivity of free space. It is analogous to the electromagnetic tensor \"F\", a 2-vector used in the covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism.\n", "\"...
how are the stars always in the same spot in the sky?	First, stars are really, really far away. So from our perspective it looks like they're in the same place every night... But that's not true. Over thousands of years, stars do change position even from our perspective. They have in the past and will in the future. It's just that these time scales are vastly longer...	[ "A star's spherical coordinates are often expressed as a pair, right ascension and declination, without a distance coordinate. The direction of sufficiently distant objects is the same for all observers, and it is convenient to specify this direction with the same coordinates for all. In contrast, in the horizontal...
i would love to learn about the most common (say 5-10) logical argument fallacies, but most explanations are too difficult	Straw man - Claiming the other person has said (or means) something they didn't, and then arguing against that thing and claiming the other person is wrong because you've just shown how stupid the thing they never said is "I think wood is the best building material" "You claim to be thinking, but maybe you're just...	[ "Formal fallacies do not take into account the soundness of an argument, but rather its validity. Premises in formal logic are commonly represented by letters (most commonly p and q). A fallacy occurs when the structure of the argument is incorrect, despite the truth of the premises.\n", "\"Fallacious arguments u...
Why is lithium the best element to use for batteries?	This may be a shorter answer than you wanted but in summary: you want a very light, highly reactive metal. The Most reactive metals are at the very left of the periodic table. The lightest ones are at the very top. Lithium is the top-left-most metal. The only lighter elements are hydrogen and helium. And the only more ...	[ "Lithium is the metal with lowest density and with the greatest electrochemical potential and energy-to-weight ratio. The low atomic weight and small size of its ions also speeds its diffusion, suggesting that it would make an ideal material for batteries. Experimentation with lithium batteries began in 1912 under ...
Was Champagne or Beer historically carbonated ? If you went back in time, what would these taste like ?	Carbon dioxide production is a byproduct of the yeast that ferments sugar to alcohol. Soft drinks are carbonated by adding CO2 under pressure, but for an alcoholic drink it's enough that it's fermented in a closed container. The in-bottle fermentation that gives champagne its carbonation is what set it apart from other...	[ "In April 2015, nearly five years after the bottles were first found, researchers led by Philippe Jeandet, a professor of food biochemistry, released the findings of their chemical analyses of the Champagne, and particularly noted the fact that, although the chemical composition of the 170-year-old Champagne was ve...
why do advertisers & marketing people believe it's a good strategy to make ads that are deliberately annoying, and to run them several times in a row during a commercial break?	We are all familiar with those ads on television that just scream at us to switch them off. They are just so excruciating that you can’t bear to watch them. Afterwards you ask, why did a company make such a downright irritating ad? What possible benefit can accrue to them from actively irritating their potential custom...	[ "Targeting advertising is not a process performed overnight, it takes time and effort to analyse the behavior of consumers. This results in more expenses than the traditional advertising processes. As targeted advertising is seen more effective this is not always a disadvantage but there are cases where advertisers...
Did America have any POW Camps in the continental US during the Second World War (besides Japanese Internment Camps)? If so, what were conditions like? What did prisoners think of them? Are there any surviving diary entries or interviews from former inmates?	Yes. The United States housed several hundred thousand POWs in the US during the war, which I've written about [here](_URL_0_). Happy to help with any follow-ups you might have, and I'd also highly recommend We Were Each Other's Prisoners by Lewis H. Carlson, which I mentioned in one of the follow-ups, as it is an or...	[ "The prisoner of war camps and internment in New Mexico were among the largest in the United States during World War II. Most of the prisoners were Germans that had been captured during the North Africa Campaign, although there were also some Italian soldiers. Camp Roswell, located next to Walker Army Airfield, was...
Is there a book that retells U.S. History in an unbiased, completely truthful way?	I don't think that you will be able to get what you're looking for in less than 300 pages. That book would fall into pitfalls similar to the pitfalls of textbooks; they can't cover everything or give in depth coverage to the most important parts without cutting some peoples, places, and events.	[ "These Truths: A History of the United States is a book of American history by historian Jill Lepore. It traces histories of American politics, law, society, and technology from the Age of Discovery through the present day. \"These Truths\" was published by W. W. Norton in September 2018.\n", "A History of the Bo...
Why were taxes in America so high in the 40s/50s/60s?	First, taxes do not equal communism. One can support all sorts of left-wing ideas and not be a communist; in fact, you can be virulently anti-communist. There is no transitive property in public policy, as useful a propaganda tool as that idea may be. There are many examples of groups within the post-war American lib...	[ "During the Great Depression in the early 1930s, Americans throughout the United States formed thousands of taxpayers' leagues to protest high property taxes. In some cases, these groups illegally withheld taxes through tax strikes and other forms of resistance. The largest tax strike was in Chicago and led by the ...
the difference between a dual-core 1400 mhz and a quad-core 1400 mhz mobile phone processor.	I think what your asking what's the purpose of multicore processors. The 1400 MHz is clock speed which is the max frequency at which transitors can switch. The higher the frequency, the faster the processing for a single core. The purpose of cores is to split up tasks. With most applications on a phone or tablet, they...	[ "The processor line has models running at clock speeds from 1.0 GHz to 2.26 GHz . The models with lower frequencies were either low voltage or ultra-low voltage CPUs designed for improved battery life and reduced heat output. The 718 (1.3 GHz), 738 (1.4 GHz), and 758 (1.5 GHz) models are low-voltage (1.116 V) with ...
Need help finding a word	I think you mean "Anschluss", which was the annexation of Austria on 12 of march 1938 by Nazi Germany	[ "Word searches each have a certain category (i.e. \"animals\") that determine what kind of words the player will be searching for. Like a normal word search the word may appear forwards, backwards, or diagonally. The player touches the starting letter of the word, and drags the stylus to the ending letter of the wo...
Why was Jesus of Nazareth crucified?	Echoing the answer provided by /u/brojangles, most scholars agree that the most likely charge was that he was being hailed as "King of the Jews." Interestingly, in his most recent book, [How Jesus Became God: The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee](_URL_0_), New Testament Scholar Bart Ehrman sheds a little m...	[ "According to all four gospels, Jesus was brought to the \"Place of a Skull\" and crucified with two thieves, with the charge of claiming to be \"King of the Jews\", and the soldiers divided his clothes before he bowed his head and died. Following his death, Joseph of Arimathea requested the body from Pilate, which...
When you lose fat in your body, are you breathing out the carbons or are do you urinate the carbons?	You breathe out the carbons. Fat breaks down into ketone bodies like actylacetate and beta-hydroxybutarate, which is transported to our cells and made into acetyl-CoA, which then enters the TCA cycle, producing CO2, which is then transported to your lungs. Nitrogen waste products (urea) from protein catabolism is ex...	[ "Carbon dioxide (CO) is produced by the metabolism in the human body and can cause carbon dioxide poisoning. When breathing gas is recycled in a rebreather or life support system, the carbon dioxide is removed by scrubbers before the gas is re-used.\n", "Prolonged skin contact with the liquid can result in the re...
I read that the reason alcohol became popular in Europe was because they didn't have clean water. But alcohol dehydrates you. How would this have helped?	it's badhistory. _URL_1_ we will see if this causes /u/eternkerri to hulk smash and here is the wiki section which debunks this _URL_0_	[ "At times and places of poor public sanitation (such as Medieval Europe), the consumption of alcoholic drinks was a way of avoiding water-borne diseases such as cholera. Small beer and faux wine in particular, were used for this purpose. Although alcohol kills bacteria, its low concentration in these beverages woul...
the physical characteristics of the planets in our solar system	In order from the sun: * Mercury - The smallest planet, no atmosphere, made of rock, very hot days, very cold nights. * [Venus](_URL_1_) - Slightly smaller than Earth, made of rock, has an acidic and thick atmosphere, hot because the greenhouse gases trap the heat. * [Earth](_URL_4_) - Largest rock plan...	[ "All terrestrial planets in the Solar System have the same basic type of structure, such as a central metallic core, mostly iron, with a surrounding silicate mantle. The Moon is similar, but has a much smaller iron core. Io and Europa are also satellites that have internal structures similar to that of terrestrial ...
How much of impact did the Knights actually had?	I'm really not sure what you're asking about. Could you explain a bit? What knights, where, and when?	[ "With the knights' exploits growing in fame and wealth, the European states became more complacent about the Order, and more unwilling to grant money to an institution that was perceived to be earning a healthy sum on the high seas. Thus a vicious cycle occurred, increasing the raids and reducing the grants receive...
Did Cold War politics ever play a role in the Northern Irish conflict?	The Cold War was really just a side point to the Troubles(As the Irish call it). The only time there was any real direct involvement was when the Soviet Union supplied arms to the Official IRA through the KGB starting in 1972 - a KGB operation known as Operation SPLASH. The Communist Party of Ireland, which was Marxist...	[ "From the 1960s The Troubles afflicted Northern Ireland, as British Unionist and Irish Republican paramilitaries conducted campaigns of violence in support of their political goals. The conflict at times spilled into Ireland and England and continental Europe. Paramilitaries such as the IRA (Irish Republican Army) ...
how come child prodigies usually have adhd?	I'm willing to bet that most of these child prodigies don't actually have legit adhd, its just that they get bored with simplistic shit more quickly than most kids. But God help everyone nearby when they find something that they actually find interesting, like quantum physics or something.	[ "Children suspected of having ADHD are subject to a postcode lottery. In some areas diagnosis is prompt. In more areas there is a wait of months or even up to two years while children's school performance and life chances suffer.\n", "Twin studies indicate that the disorder is often inherited from one's parents w...
Being Columbus day, this article detailing how awful Christopher Columbus was has been making the rounds on social media. How accurate is it?	[There is a very popular thread](_URL_0_) from a year back on this very topic which I am sure you will find interesting.	[ "Columbus's letter on the first voyage is the first known document announcing the results of the first voyage of Christopher Columbus that set out in 1492 and reached the Americas. The letter was ostensibly written by Columbus himself, on February 15, 1493, aboard the caravel \"Niña\", while still at sea, on the re...
if the sentinelese people have been isolated for the past 60k years is it possible that they have become their own sub species or have their own unique evolutionary adaptations?	They could very well be slightly adapted, but 60,000 years is not enough for major physical changes. definitely very distinct culture and religion, but probably very similar in a physical sense.	[ "The Sentinelese have been widely described as a Stone Age tribe, with some reports claiming they have lived in isolation for over 60,000 years. But Pandya speculates that the Sentinelese arose either from a deliberate, more recent migration or from drifting off the Little Andaman.\n", "The Sentinelese, also know...
how much does fitness potential decrease with age?	Medically I read somewhere it declines by 10% each decade. Most people are never actually fit, or if they ever were they stop putting in the same work the older they get. Also, they don't eat a proper diet to sustain. Proper diet is a huge part of the body being healthy.	[ "Young/prime adulthood can be considered the healthiest time of life and young adults are generally in good health, subject neither to disease nor the problems of senescence. Strength and physical performance reach their peak from 18–39 years of age. Flexibility may decrease with age throughout adulthood.\n", "In...
It is possible to charge iPhones with either 1 amp or 2 amp chargers. They come with 1 amp chargers. Will using a 2 amp charger damage battery life?	It's fine, but also causes issues. USB has a standard of 5 Watts, 5 Volts at 1 Amps. A 2 Amp Charger is non-standard and in a lot of cases will void your warranty if you admitted to using one that is. With iPhone and iPad it may be different with their policy on the matter. To find out why people have these polcies...	[ "Apple designed the charger so that the batteries draw less energy from the national power grid than other comparable chargers; as a result, energy efficiency is improved. According to Apple, at 30 mW, the standard power usage of the charger is ten times better than the industry average.\n", "The iPhone features ...
What does brain activity look like for people with ADHD?	Around a year ago, there was a research done about this. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rfMRI),researchers have uncovered disrupted connections between different brain areas in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The team found that the boys with ADHD had ...	[ "Several neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and glutamate may be both involved in ADHD and working memory. Both are associated with the frontal brain, self-direction and self-regulation, but cause–effect have not been confirmed, so it is unclear whether working memory dysfunction leads to ADHD, or ADHD distractibi...
What else do electrons interact with besides protons?	Well technically, the electrons don't interact with the protons directly. Electrons interact with photons (electromagnetism) that then interact with protons. Electrons also interact with W^+/- and Z^0 bosons in particle decays. While it seems like a bit of pedantry, it's really the key to your question. Because whate...	[ "However recent evidence indicates that quantum coherence of electrons and protons does indeed occur in some (maybe all) enzyme reactions in living cells, such as those involved in photosynthesis and may even be responsible for the huge catalytic enhancement of reaction rates provided by enzymes.\n", "Interaction...
Did the Chinese Communists introduce simplified Chinese characters as a way to eradicate traditional Chinese culture and make it impossible to read older literature?	For most of China's history in the 20th century, its literacy rate was ridiculously low, [and hovered around 20% in 1950.](_URL_6_) In addition, many Chinese intellectuals at the time blamed the complexity of traditional Chinese for holding the country's progress back. As a result, numerous proposals were were written ...	[ "In the Philippines, the use of simplified characters is getting more and more popular. Before the 1970s, Chinese schools in the Philippines were under the supervision of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China. Hence, most books were using the Traditional Characters. Traditional Characters remained prev...
A Reading List for the History of Iraq(excluding the last 30 years if possible)	"Kingmakers: The Invention of the Modern Middle East" by Karl Meyer looks at how the French and British reorganized the Middle East after the demise of the Ottoman Empire. "Desert Queen: The Extraordinary Life of Gertrude Bell" by Janet Wallach looks more closely at Iraq th...	[ "Four Centuries of Modern Iraq is a historic book authored by Stephen Hemsley Longrigg published first time in United Kingdom on 1925. It covers events in Iraq between early 16th century to early 20th century when Iraq was a neglected part of the Ottoman Empire. Few books have been written about Iraq in that period...
Does history as a discipline have goals? Does it "make progress" (e.g., as in physics, medicine)?	This is a pretty subjective question, so keep that in mind. I would say a great many historians see a certain progress in history as a discipline. Historical methodology has made great strides in the last 200 years. We have a greater appreciation for how to properly critique sources; history is no longer (in the Wes...	[ "The organization &HPS (Integrated History and Philosophy of Science) has set forth a program for a unified discipline: \"Good history and philosophy of science is not just history of science into which some philosophy of science may enter, or philosophy of science into which some history of science may enter. It i...
How are HIV positive individuals "reinfected" by other positive individuals?	One of the hallmarks of HIV is an extremely high mutation rate; even if you have one strain, it's very easy to get a second strain which may be more drug-resistant, more fast-acting, or otherwise worse than the strain you currently have.	[ "The People With AIDS (PWA) Self-Empowerment Movement is a social movement by those diagnosed with HIV/AIDS which grew out of San Francisco in the early 1980s. The PWA Self-Empowerment Movement believes that those diagnosed as having AIDS should \"take charge of their own life, illness, and care, and to minimize de...
why are scams so common as ads on webpages?	Well my common sense says money, i.e Ads provide money if you can advertise anything then why not and small websites will have more scams. These scammer's make enough money to pay the little amounts of fee to advertise and the people who rent servers out to smaller websites don't care where money is coming from as long...	[ "Scam baiting emerged in response to e-mail based frauds such as the common Nigerian 419 scam. Many websites publish transcripts of correspondences between baiters and scammers, and also publish their \"trophies\" online, which include videos and images scam baiters have obtained from scammers.\n", "Many scams in...
why do successful transplants fail	> Why? Because the body is very effective at identifying and attacking foreign objects, organisms, viral agents and other intruders. The only reason transplants are successful in the first place is the discovery of powerful immunosuppressive pharmaceuticals, drugs that cause the immune system to stop working. Howeve...	[ "Ovary transplantation, giving rise to successful pregnancies, will result in children who will have the genetic inheritance of the organ donor and not the recipient; it has so far only been carried out on identical twins. Use of an ovarian transplant from a genetically identical donor prevents rejection of the don...
Were King David or other Biblical characters real, historical, verifiable people, or were they mostly legendary figures?	Somewhere in-between. In most ancient civilizations (Egypt, China, etc), as time goes forward we have more and more confidence that people were real. The earliest characters are allegorical/legendary, and later people were recorded in their own time. Ancient Israelite civilization is the same way. It's interesting ...	[ "In this inscription, which dates to around 800 BCE, Biran believe that a king from the House of David is mentioned as being struck down in the battle with the Arameans. This is the only extra-Biblical source ever found to date that mentions the existence of the Davidic dynasty and it indeed is an extra-Biblical so...
Question about nuclear missiles and asteroids	Breaking up asteroids is not the best idea, since it's unpredictable. And could still lead to most of the mass of the asteroid impacting the Earth anyway. Rather, if you don't have enough time to use a more subtle method of diverting an asteroid (decades) then you can use nukes as a means of propulsion. The trick is y...	[ "Analysis of the uncertainty involved in nuclear deflection shows that the ability to protect the planet does not imply the ability to target the planet. A nuclear explosion that changes an asteroid's velocity by 10 meters/second (plus or minus 20%) would be adequate to push it out of an Earth-impacting orbit. Howe...
Was Richard III a disliked king during his reign or is his repuptation mostly fabricated by Tudor writers?	The Tudors definitely smeared him. But at the same time in the 20th century there has been a little too much in the other way. I thoroughly approve of the reevaluation of him. But sometimes people are a little too quick to credit him. Things like deposing his own nephew are excused as realpolitik today but that was abs...	[ "The \"History of King Richard III\" was written and published in both English and Latin, each written separately, and with information deleted from the Latin edition to suit a European readership. It greatly influenced William Shakespeare's play \"Richard III\". Contemporary historians attribute the unflattering p...
if we pointed a radio telescope at earth from space, what would we see?	It depends on what frequency you choose. Unless you stay in the [Water Hole](_URL_0_ ) you only see an opaque ball. There is also a narrow optical band where you can sometimes see some of the surface, but that's not a radio telescope. In the Water Hole (between 1.42 and 1.67 GHz), you don't see much unless something...	[ "The radio telescope would consist of a lander vehicle that would deploy dipoles across a 300-400 m area. The dipoles, which receive the cosmic radio signals, would be deployed either by a dispenser or by a team of small mobile robots. The South Polar location would ensure permanent sunlight and direct communicatio...
Japan historians: What would Japanese soldiers have on their person in WWII?	THey would have wore in flight the following : a flight helmet either a Type 2 soft or type 3 with hard earphones flight googles clear made of glass later anti fog and heated were experimented with. A muffler and flight suite A float vest Gloves some were even heated yes they did wear parachutes with harness...	[ "The practice within the Imperial Japanese Army during World War 2 was described by an anonymous American soldier, who had been forced to work as a truck driver while held as a prisoner of war, and who came into daily close contact with Japanese soldiers.\n", "In Japan, a variety of new evidence was published, in...
doesn't my "right to refuse service for any reason" make bills like indiana's "religious protection act" redundant or unnecessary?	Much like a plaque that says "we have the right to shoot you in the face for any reason" those don't really carry any legal weight. Also, race, gender, and in some states sexuality, are considered protected classes which means "for any reason" doesn't apply so even though as a business owner you have the right to for ...	[ "Indiana Senate Bill 101, titled the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA), is a law in the U.S. state of Indiana, which allows individuals and companies to assert as a defense in legal proceedings that their exercise of religion has been, or is likely to be, substantially burdened.\n", "Several law professors...
What was the siege of Vicksburg like for the civilian population of the city?	As might be expected, life for civilians was not particularly pleasant. Some lived in caves along the bluffs to escape the constant, terrifying, shells. However, the bombardment did little damage to property and few civilians were killed or wounded. The bombardment certainly took its toll on morale, but slowly in conj...	[ "The siege of Vicksburg (May 18 – July 4, 1863) was the final major military action in the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War. In a series of maneuvers, Union Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and his Army of the Tennessee crossed the Mississippi River and drove the Confederate Army of Mississippi, led by Lt. Ge...
why does sound changes pitch when moving away?	Doppler effect. Think of sound as being invisible waves emitting from the source. Imagine an engine sitting still 100 yards away. It emits 1 wave per second. This is the "normal" sound. When the engine is traveling towards you, it is still emitting 1 wave per second, but between each emitted wave it is getting closer...	[ "Pitch shifting is a sound recording technique in which the original pitch of a sound is raised or lowered. Effects units that raise or lower pitch by a pre-designated musical interval (transposition) are called \"pitch shifters\" or \"pitch benders\".\n", "A special type of pitch often occurs in free nature when...
Why was there only one abiogensis on Earth and why isn't it happening today?	Who says it isn't?	[ "It is unlikely that habitable planets exist around 40 Eridani B because they would have been sterilized by its evolution into a white dwarf. As for 40 Eridani C, it is prone to flares, which cause large momentary increases in the emission of X-rays as well as visible light. This would be lethal to Earth-type life ...
what's the point of having nerve endings in our teeth, when all it can do is hurt for the rest of your life, as they won't heal themselves or grow back if they get a cavity	To let you know if a living thing is living inside of your tooth eating away at your flesh under the tooth.	[ "Any peripheral nerve or nerve root can be damaged, called a mononeuropathy. Such injuries can be because of injury or trauma, or compression. Compression of nerves can occur because of a tumour mass or injury. Alternatively, if a nerve is in an area with a fixed size it may be trapped if the other components incre...
How many people can one tree sufficiently make oxygen for?	The exact number will depend of course on the location, size, species, and maturity of the trees, etc. However, I found one study^(1) where researchers estimated the number of trees needed to offset the average oxygen consumption of a single person in various North American cities. [Here is the full table](_URL_2_), wh...	[ "On an average, a single tree emits 260 pounds of oxygen annually. Similarly, a fully-grown tree is sufficient for 18 human beings in one acre of land in one year stressing the importance of tree plantation for mankind. Aniruddha’s Academy of Disaster Management (Mumbai, India) carries out numerous projects to plan...
how do carats for diamonds work?	Carats are a unit of mass equal to 200mg. Carat comes from carob, a seed used to determine diamond mass.	[ "In the wholesale trade of gem diamonds, carat is often used in denominating lots of diamonds for sale. For example, a buyer may place an order for of , D–F, VS2-SI1, excellent cut diamonds, indicating a wish to purchase 200 diamonds ( total mass) of those approximate characteristics. Because of this, diamond price...
how are laws passed in the us?	[Here you go.](_URL_0_) This is how actual 5-year-olds learn this stuff!	[ "At the federal level of government in the United States, laws are made almost exclusively by legislation. Such legislation originates as an Act of Congress passed by the United States Congress; such acts were either signed into law by the President or passed by Congress after a presidential veto.\n", "At the fed...
Why do we call the United States "The Union" when referring to the Civil War?	> Why do we call the United States "The Union" when referring to the Civil War? The "Union" was a reference to the "more perfect union" referred to in the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution. This phrase was itself a reference back to the less-than-perfect union under the Articles of Confederation, which explicitly de...	[ "In the context of the American Civil War, the Union is sometimes referred to as \"the North\", both then and now, as opposed to the Confederacy, which was \"the South\". The Union never recognized the legitimacy of the Confederacy's secession and maintained at all times that it remained entirely a part of the Unit...
how do suppositories work?	Word of warning in case anyone reads this and is stupid enough to try it: don't try and get ba-dunk-a-drunk with bum rum/a brown-eye mai tai/anal colada/mint poolep or any other type of drink in the stink, because you have a good chance of getting alchohole poisoning.	[ "A suppository is a solid dosage form that is inserted into the rectum (rectal suppository), vagina (vaginal suppository), or urethra (urethral suppository), where it dissolves or melts and exerts local or systemic effects. Suppositories are used to deliver medications that act both systemically and locally.\n", ...
when you turn down or up the volume on devices with either a wheel or button, what actually happens that allows it to sound quieter or louder?	A volume knob or wheel is an example of a device called a potentiometer, which is a device that adjusts the voltage going down a wire by increasing or decreasing the electrical resistance. If the resistance increases (if you turn the volume knob down), then less voltage makes it to the speaker, the cone vibrates les...	[ "Volume is adjusted by a wheel on the unit's right side, using a digital mechanism (it can be turned indefinitely). It also is possible to click or push the wheel, which pauses playback and turns the unit off after about one minute. When the unit is powered off and the wheel is pressed for a few seconds, playback r...
I've heard that the current value of diamonds is due to a marketing campaign in the 40s, but when looking at jewelry from the 1800s, diamonds seems incredibly popular. Does this mean that diamond jewelry was considered cheaper and less impressive than pieces with other stones in those days?	In antiquity, diamonds were extremely rare and extremely valuable. In Pliny the Elder's Natural History, book 37, he refers to them in this way: > The substance that possesses the greatest value, not only among the precious stones, but of all human possessions, is adamas; a mineral which, for a long time, was known...	[ "The value of diamonds as an investment is of significant interest to the general public, because they are expensive gemstones, often purchased in engagement rings, due in part to a successful 20th century marketing campaign by De Beers. The difficulty of properly assessing the value of an individual gem-quality di...
1917-18, the Germans had 'won' in the East and transferred millions of men west, and they hadn't lost any (or only a little) actual German territory. Considering this, why did they agree to such harsh peace terms? How desperate was the situation for Germany prior to Versailles?	*This is my first time commenting on this subreddit, sorry if it doesn't meet all the requirements* Very desperate indeed. The men from the Eastern front had been used in the Michael Offensive in early 1918. This offensive had been very successful tactically, but failed to capture any strategic objectives and cost...	[ "This offensive on the Western Front failed to achieve a decisive breakthrough, and the arrival of more and more American units in Europe was sufficient to offset the German advantage. Even after the Russian collapse, about a million German soldiers remained tied up in the east until the end of the war, attempting ...
why can you use any amount of water to cook pasta but you need a certain amount for grains?	The reason being is pasta is processed and just needs to soften with little absorption. Grains on the other hand need to absorb liquid to become soft, but the can only take in so much liquid. This is why it must be precise with grains and not pasta.	[ "Pasta provides carbohydrates, along with some protein, iron, dietary fiber, potassium and B vitamins. Pasta prepared with whole wheat grain provides more dietary fiber than that prepared with degermed flour.\n", "Dried pasta can also be defined as factory-made pasta because it is usually produced in large amount...
Why didn't the Republic of Srpska merge with Serbia during the Bosnian Wars?	Because such an act, at least if done unilaterally, would have been flagrantly illegal and would likely have brought about international intervention and huge retribution on Serbia. For a start, Republika Srpska never really had any clearly defined territory until the Dayton Agreement, just territory that it controlle...	[ "After the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was invaded by the Axis powers during World War II, all of Bosnia was ceded to the newly created Independent State of Croatia. Axis rule in Bosnia led to widespread persecution and mass-killings of native undesirables and anti-fascists. Many Serbs themselves took up arms and joined ...
How does a blastocyst determine which end will become the "front" or "back" of the organism?	grad student working with flies here, I may be wrong with the other animals... For most animals (because insects ARE most animals), the front and back axis (anterior posterior axis) is already laid out before the egg is fertilized. In Drosophila, the mother would make RNA molecules and puts these molecules into one s...	[ "Following ingression, a blastopore develops where the cells have ingressed, in one side of the embryo and it deepens to become the archenteron, the first formative stage of the gut. As in all deuterostomes, the blastopore becomes the anus whilst the gut tunnels through the embryo to the other side where the openin...
How far back would we have to go before educated people know more than we do about the history of Rome?	Archeology isn't that great when it comes to information about singular events, its strength really lies in uncovering the everyday life. Yes, occasionally archeologists discover inscriptions or battle sites that cast a new light on our perception of events but often very significant events (whose historicity we have n...	[ "The single most important source on early Roman history is the Roman historian Titus Livius (59 BC – 17 AD), usually called Livy in English literature, who wrote a history known as \"Ab Urbe Condita\" (\"From the Foundation of the City\") covering the entirety of Rome's history from her mythical origins up to his ...
How did Baroque, Classical and early Romantic composers become famous without the use of recording?	Bach wasn't very famous in his lifetime, actually, his reputation grew over time, partly because his music was used to teach theory (as it still is today), and partly because he was rediscovered and people appreciated him more the second time around. That's part of a different discussion though. As far as fame goes, th...	[ "The tradition of the Baroque was more lasting in church/sacral music, which was the musical form that was systematically nurtured in numerous monasteries (especially Franciscan ones) as well as in parish and cathedral churches. The preservation of music manuscripts and prints became a widespread practice in the mi...
What is the term for when the sea inundates a drainage basin?	The word you're looking for is transgression. The opposite is regression. Deposits left behind by these would be termed transgressive/regressive sequences.	[ "A drainage basin is an extent of land where water from rain and melting snow or ice drains downhill into a body of water, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea or ocean. The drainage basin includes both the streams and rivers that convey the water as well as the land surfaces from which water dra...
is sweden a capitalist or socialist country?	Sweden is a fundamentally capitalist country. There are, generally, private property rights and the economy is oriented around private individuals making investments with the goal of turning a profit. Only about a quarter of Swedish economic activity is comprised of the public (state) sector.	[ "Sweden is a competitive mixed economy featuring a generous universal welfare state financed through relatively high income taxes that ensures that income is distributed across the entire society, a model sometimes called the Nordic model. In 2014 the percent of national wealth owned by the government was 24.1%.\n"...
Hitler killed himself on April 30th. The Red Army didn't get to his bunker until May 2nd. Was it possible for him to successfully flee if he tried?	Mabye there would have been enough time to attempt to flee Berlin but there certainly wasn't a good chance to be sucessfull. Since we will never know for sure what Hitler thought there is not much sense in speculating about it. [u/commiespaceinvader](_URL_0_) wrote an excellent op-ed about questions in the manner of "...	[ "After Hitler's death, a briefing conference was held where prior orders were implemented that those who could do so were to break out from the Soviet Red Army ring. The plan was to escape from Berlin to surrender to the Western Allies on the Elbe or join the German Army to the North. Schädle did not join any of th...
how sweating equals losing weight?	It doesn't. Your body sweats as a temperature regulation mechanism. Basically, when you exercise your muscles work hard, which makes them heat up. To maintain a good level of body temperature, your body starts to secrete sweat to cool yourself down.	[ "Sweating causes a decrease in core temperature through evaporative cooling at the skin surface. As high energy molecules evaporate from the skin, releasing energy absorbed from the body, the skin and superficial vessels decrease in temperature. Cooled venous blood then returns to the body's core and counteracts ri...
What are the origins of US county boundaries?	There are currently ~3100 counties and parishes in the US, any sort of comprehensive answer on how they got their boundaries would not just be book length but series length. For your chances of getting better answers is there perhaps a particular state or group of counties that caused you to ask the question?	[ "Counties were among the earliest units of local government established in the Thirteen Colonies that would become the United States. Virginia created the first counties in order to ease the administrative workload in Jamestown. The House of Burgesses divided the colony first into four \"incorporations\" in 1617 an...
Is there estimated upper limit for mass of a star before becoming a black hole? Is mass the only determining factor for if a star becomes a black hole or not, or what are the other factors?	When discussing whether or not a star will become a black hole the only thing considered in most discussions is the mass of the black hole. In fact, the initial mass of a star pretty much determines that star's entire lifetime of evolution. However, there is one major assumption that we use in these discussions: when t...	[ "The star must be one and a half times the mass of the Sun or larger to turn into a black hole. This number is called the \"Chandrasekhar limit\". If the mass of a star is less than the Chandrasekhar limit, it will not turn into a black hole; instead, it will turn into a different, smaller type of star. The boundar...
How do objects (or atoms) transfer their temperature to each other?	You could probably answer this question in a few ways, so here is my go. I like to think of temperature in the frame of statistical mechanics. When you tell me a temperature that means something to me. To me, a temperature is a measure of the average amount of random motion that a collection of particles has. It is th...	[ "An object's or space's temperature increases when heat energy moves into it, increasing the average kinetic energy of its atoms, e.g., of things and air in a room. Heat energy leaving an object or space lowers its temperature. Heat flows from one place to another (always from a higher temperature to a lower one) b...
When did we learn that sperm was the cause of our lives?	People understood the importance of ejaculate for thousands of years. Of course, people wondered how this amazing stuff worked, and ejaculate was among the first things intensely studied by [Anton Van Leeuwenhoek](_URL_1_), who is credited with inventing the first microscope. This led to the discovery of sperm, and a ...	[ "During the 18th century, Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) discovered \"animalcules\" in the sperm of humans and other animals. Some scientists speculated they saw a \"little man\" (homunculus) inside each sperm. These scientists formed a school of thought known as the \"spermists\". They cont...
Diluted red wine changes color at a certain concentration. What's happening here?	You wouldn't be comparing against phenolphthalein - rather, you should be comparing it to [litmus](_URL_0_) - which belongs to the same class of chemicals found in your wine, known as anthrocyanins - which is red in acidic solution and blue in basic solutions. The main concept behind a dye as a pH indicator relies on ...	[ "As red wine ages, the harsh tannins of its youth gradually give way to a softer mouthfeel. An inky dark color will eventually lose its depth of color and begin to appear orange at the edges, and eventually turn brown. These changes occur due to the complex chemical reactions of the phenolic compounds of the wine. ...
What is the current consensus on the Nixon administration's involvement in the Pinochet coup?	I researched this extensively during my time at university using the declassified documents and came to the conclusion that while the United States desired the removal of Allende and actively worked against his administration, the United States was not directly responsible for the coup that saw Pinochet come to power. ...	[ "In 1973, the CIA was notified by contacts of the impending Pinochet coup two days in advance, but contends it \"played no direct role\" in the coup. After Pinochet assumed power, U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger told Nixon that the United States \"didn't do it\" (referring to the coup itself) but had \"crea...
What's the difference between a legless lizard and a snake?	There are a bunch of differences between the two (skeletal differences, etc.). But one of the most obvious one is the legless lizard can blink (they have "eye lids"), while snakes can't (they have a modified scale that covers their eye all the time and have no "eye lids"). EDIT: This is just a general rule, there m...	[ "Legless lizard may refer to any of several groups of lizards that have independently lost limbs or reduced them to the point of being of no use in locomotion. It is the common name for the family Pygopodidae, but often refers to other groups, such as limbless anguids, depending on the region of the world. These li...
what is the process used to make powdered eggs?	Spray drying is the name of the [process](_URL_0_) Basically, you splay the liquid (mixed egg in this case) into a fine mist. the mist enters a very hot chamber, causing the moisture to evaporate very quickly, but it doesn't stay long enough to actually cook the material you want to dry. this powder/gas mixture is pus...	[ "Only eggs are necessary to make scrambled eggs, but salt and pepper are often used, and other ingredients such as water, milk, butter, chives, cream or in some cases crème fraîche or grated cheese may be added. The eggs are cracked into a bowl with some salt and pepper, and the mixture is stirred or whisked: alter...
why do i feel extremely sick when looking at a cell phone or screen while in the car driving on the road?	Your eyes are telling your brain that you are staying still because you are looking at a stationary object. The part of your body that keeps track of balance and motion is telling your brain that you are moving because you are in a car. These mixed signals cause some people to feel dizzy and nauseous. _URL_0_ EDIT...	[ "A prevalent example of this inattention to detail due to multitasking is apparent when people talk on cell phones while driving. One study found that having an accident is four times more likely when using a cell phone while driving. Another study compared reaction times for experienced drivers during a number of ...
things 'randomly' falling over	There are different forms of stability. Something like a pencil lying on it's side is stable, there is no lower energy state it can fall to. Metastability would be like a pencil standing on end. It's stable in a local sense in that minute disturbances just make it wobble a bit and settle back. Tip it a bit further a...	[ "A fall, including rockfall and debris fall, occurs where regolith cascades down a slope, but is not of sufficient volume or viscosity to behave as a flow. Falls are promoted in rocks which are characterized by the presence of vertical cracks. Falls can also result from undercutting by running water as well as by w...
why does the water in a glass seem to rise above the edge?	The 'surface' above water (or any other liquid) is called a meniscus. Water sticks to things, and to itself. When you see water in a cup "climb" the edge slightly, that is due to the water 'sticking' to the edge, and bringing more water with it. In many liquids, their sticking together force (cohesion) is stronger than...	[ "If a sheet of glass is placed in the tank, the depth of water in the tank will be shallower over the glass than elsewhere. The speed of a wave in water depends on the depth, so the ripples slow down as they pass over the glass. This causes the wavelength to decrease. If the junction between the deep and shallow wa...
what are the most important coding languages, why were they created, how do they work	A few of the most important programming languages today: * assembly/machine language - the language the computer speaks internally, all other languages get translated into this at some level...difficult to program in directly * C/C++ - a low level, efficient language that most large applications and operating systems ...	[ "One reason for coding is to enable communication in places where ordinary plain language, spoken or written, is difficult or impossible. For example, semaphore, where the configuration of flags held by a signaler or the arms of a semaphore tower encodes parts of the message, typically individual letters and number...
Was anyone else working to describe a theory of gravity at the same time as Newton?	Goethe disagreed with Newton	[ "BULLET::::- Isaac Newton (1643–1727) built upon the work of Kepler, Galileo and Huygens. He showed that an inverse square law for gravity explained the elliptical orbits of the planets, and advanced the law of universal gravitation. His development of infinitesimal calculus (along with Leibniz) opened up new appli...
most phones these days become slow, laggy and battery inefficient in a short while as compared to older phones. why aren't long-term issues worked upon?	Even today, you can still buy brand new "feature phones" that only do basic cell phone stuff, and they'll have a pretty amazing battery life. However, it would seem that a lot of consumers don't value this over the additional features that a smartphone can offer. Phones getting slow and laggy is almost always a softwa...	[ "older phones tend to draw more battery in the vicinity of iBeacons, while the newer phones can be more efficient in the same environment. In addition to the time spent by the phone scanning, number of scans and number of beacons in the vicinity are also significant factors for battery drain, as pointed out by the ...
why can't I see the edge of my eye sight?	The only area in your field of vision that you actually can't see anything is where the optic nerve exits the eye as there are no photo receptors at this point [here's the wikipedia article](_URL_0_). Your peripheral vision mainly consists of [rods](_URL_2_) (a photo receptor) that are more sensitive than [cones](_URL...	[ "A larger exit pupil makes it easier to put the eye where it can receive the light: anywhere in the large exit pupil cone of light will do. This ease of placement helps avoid, especially in large field of view binoculars, vignetting, which brings to an image with the borders darkened because the light from them is ...
carnivorous plants	Most carnivorous plants evolved their adaptations as way of gaining more nitrogen or phosphorus than what the soil would provide. They often occur in wetland areas where the water will constantly wash away any nutrition that would normally be in the soil. Nepenthes (Tropical Pitcher Plants) do not prefer to eat small m...	[ "Carnivorous plants are plants that derive some or most of their nutrients (but not energy) from trapping and consuming animals or protozoans, typically insects and other arthropods. Carnivorous plants have adapted to grow in places where the soil is thin or poor in nutrients, especially nitrogen, such as acidic bo...
why does appetite for food seem to lessen with old age?	Your taste buds reduce and shrink with age. Therefore as you age, food will lose its flavor. If you have to eat, you would want to eat less volume of bland things if you have the option. Also, seniors would have a lifetime of accumulated dental issues. If they have missing teeth or ill-fitting dentures, eating can be ...	[ "These physical changes can explain why someone of an older age might not be getting the nutrition they need. As taste buds change with age, certain foods might not be seen as appetizing. For example, a study done by Dr. Phyllis B. Grzegorcyzk says that as we age, our sense for tasting salty foods goes away slowly....
why have most consumer products come down in price against inflation?	Assuming you live in the US, the recent strength of the dollar has made importing products cheaper. Retailers then reduce the price in stores to drive up sales.	[ "Price skimming occurs for example in the luxury car and consumer electronics markets. In consumer electronics, there is a confounding factor that there is typically high price deflation due to continual reductions in manufacturing cost and improvements in product quality - for example, a printer priced at $200 tod...

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