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Vijay Raghunath Pandharipande (August 7, 1940 – January 3, 2006) was an Indian-American physicist, who played a leading role in the development of the nuclear many-body problem. == Biography == Pandharipande obtained his bachelor's and master's degree from Nagpur University in 1959 and 1961 respectively. He earned his ... | {
"page_id": 11995063,
"source": null,
"title": "Vijay Raghunath Pandharipande"
} |
Sage oils are essential oils that come in several varieties: == Dalmatian sage oil == Also called English, Garden, and True sage oil. Made by steam distillation of Salvia officinalis partially dried leaves. Yields range from 0.5 to 1.0%. A colorless to yellow liquid with a warm camphoraceous, thujone-like odor and shar... | {
"page_id": 5638081,
"source": null,
"title": "Sage oil"
} |
Theories of cloaking discusses various theories based on science and research, for producing an electromagnetic cloaking device. Theories presented employ transformation optics, event cloaking, dipolar scattering cancellation, tunneling light transmittance, sensors and active sources, and acoustic cloaking. A cloaking ... | {
"page_id": 27461561,
"source": null,
"title": "Theories of cloaking"
} |
was small or large, or whether flowers or a large advertising billboard might have been planted on it. Although both analogies given above have an implied direction (that of the water flow, or of the road orientation), cloaks are often designed so as to be isotropic, i.e. to work equally well for all orientations. Howe... | {
"page_id": 27461561,
"source": null,
"title": "Theories of cloaking"
} |
slowing the leading part and accelerating the trailing part. The distant observer only sees a continuous illumination, whilst the events that occurred during the dark period of the cloak's operation remain undetected. The concept can be related to traffic flowing along a highway: at a certain point some cars are accele... | {
"page_id": 27461561,
"source": null,
"title": "Theories of cloaking"
} |
about 10 picoseconds, but that extension into the nanosecond and microsecond regimes should be possible. An event cloaking scheme that requires a single dispersive medium (instead of two successive media with opposite dispersion) has also been proposed based on accelerating wavepackets. The idea is based on modulating ... | {
"page_id": 27461561,
"source": null,
"title": "Theories of cloaking"
} |
as opening a virtual peep hole on a wall so as to see the other side. The traffic analogy used above for the spatial cloak can be adapted (albeit imperfectly) to describe this process. Imagine that a car has broken down in the vicinity of the roundabout, and is disrupting the traffic flow, causing cars to take differen... | {
"page_id": 27461561,
"source": null,
"title": "Theories of cloaking"
} |
of metamaterial covers works with light of only one specific frequency. A new research, of Kort-Kamp et al, who won the prize “School on Nonlinear Optics and Nanophotonics” of 2013, shows that is possible to tune the metamaterial to different light frequencies. == Tunneling light transmission cloak == As implied in the... | {
"page_id": 27461561,
"source": null,
"title": "Theories of cloaking"
} |
stop a sonar-using observer from detecting the presence of an object that would normally be detectable as it reflects or scatters sound waves. Ideally, the technology would encompass a broad spectrum of vibrations on a variety of scales. The range might be from miniature electronic or mechanical components up to large ... | {
"page_id": 27461561,
"source": null,
"title": "Theories of cloaking"
} |
Vanadyl ribonucleoside is a potent transition-state analog of ribonucleic acid and potent inhibitor of many species of ribonuclease formed from a vanadium coordination complex and one ribonucleoside. Vanadium's [Ar] 3d3 4s2 electron configuration allows it to make five sigma bonds and two pi bonds with adjacent atoms. ... | {
"page_id": 66521027,
"source": null,
"title": "Vanadyl ribonucleoside"
} |
Zinin reaction or Zinin reduction involves reduction of nitro aromatic compounds to the amines using sodium sulfide. It is used to convert nitrobenzenes to anilines. The reaction selectively reduces nitro groups in the presence of other easily reduced functional groups (e.g., aryl halides and C=C bonds) are present in ... | {
"page_id": 32180168,
"source": null,
"title": "Zinin reaction"
} |
Walter Minder (August 6, 1905 – April 1, 1992) was a Swiss mineralogist and chemist. In 1931, he became professor of radiology at the Institut du Radium at the University of Bern. He together with Alice Leigh-Smith announced the discovery of element 85 (now called astatine) in 1940 and 1942. He proposed the name helvet... | {
"page_id": 24119248,
"source": null,
"title": "Walter Minder"
} |
The ionones, from greek ἴον ion "violet", are a series of closely related chemical substances that are part of a group of compounds known as rose ketones, which also includes damascones and damascenones. Ionones are aroma compounds found in a variety of essential oils, including rose oil. β-Ionone is a significant cont... | {
"page_id": 1771473,
"source": null,
"title": "Ionone"
} |
carotenoid content increased from the first to the second day, whereas the volatile release decreased, and the OfCCD1 transcript levels displayed steady-state oscillations, suggesting that the substrate availability in the cellular compartments is changing or other regulatory factors are involved in volatile norisopren... | {
"page_id": 1771473,
"source": null,
"title": "Ionone"
} |
A complete list of introduced species for even quite small areas of the world would be dauntingly long. Humans have introduced more different species to new environments than any single document can record. This list is generally for established species with truly wild populations— not kept domestically, that have been... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
tree sparrow) Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl) Phasianus colchicus (common pheasant) Pycnonotus jocosus (red-whiskered bulbul) Spilopelia chinensis (spotted dove) Spilopelia senegalensis (laughing dove) Struthio camelus (ostrich) Sturnus vulgaris (common starling) Gang-gang cockatoo in Kangaroo Island Trichoglossus molu... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Wasmannia auropunctata (electric ant) Xanthogaleruca luteola (elm-leaf beetle) Xyleborinus saxesenii (fruit-tree pinhole borer) === Molluscs === Asian trampsnail Cernuella virgata Cochlicella acuta Cochlicella barbara Cornu aspersum Maoricolpus roseus Theba pisana Deroceras invadens (tramp slug) Deroceras laeve (marsh ... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
urogallus (western capercaillie) - reintroduced into Scotland Tetrao tetrix (black grouse) - reintroduced into parts of England Lagopus scotica (red grouse) - reintroduced into southern England (Dartmoor) Red-legged partridge Golden pheasant from Asia (now died out) Common pheasant Anser anser (greylag goose) - reintro... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Dreyfusia nordmannianae (silver fir adelges) Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila) Mediterranean Islands Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) Gilpinia hercyniae (European spruce sawfly) Hypogeococcus pungens (cactus mealybug) Corsica Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) Thaumastocoris peregrinus... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
spruce (established from forestry plantations) Scots pine (native in Scotland, and very locally in Ireland and northern England; reintroduced in southern England and Wales) European black pine (established from forestry plantations) Lawson's cypress (established escapes from garden planting) Western Redcedar (establish... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
muskox - Norway, Sweden (reintroduced, from Greenland) European bison - mainland Europe (reintroduced) European beaver - Finland (reintroduced) North American beaver - Finland, Russia Gray squirrel - Italy, Scotland, England, Ireland (from North America) Finlayson's squirrel Pallas's squirrel Siberian chipmunk - France... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
leiothrix) Ploceus cucullatus (village weaver) Ploceus melanocephalus (black-headed weaver) Euplectes afer (yellow-crowned bishop) Estrilda troglodytes (black-rumped waxbill) Euodice cantans (African silverbill) Common waxbill - Portugal (from Africa) Red avadavat - Spain, Po Delta (from India) Greater rhea - Germany (... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
lucioperca (Sander lucioperca) Tridentiger trigonocephalus (chameleon goby) - (from East Asia) === Crustaceans === Balanus improvisus (Bay barnacle) Cercopagis pengoi (fishhook waterflea) Chelicorophium curvispinum (Caspian mud shrimp) Elminius modestus (Australasian barnacle) Hemigrapsus takanoi (brush-clawed shore cr... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
radiata (Atlantic pearl-oyster) Rapana venosa (Veined rapa whelk) Sinanodonta woodiana (Chinese pond mussel) === Other Animals === Anguillicoloides crassus (swim bladder worm) Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (Asian tapeworm) Bugula neritina (brown bryozoan) Cordylophora caspia (euryhaline hydroid) Ficopomatus enigmaticus... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
- reintroduced onto some islands Anas platyrhynchos (mallard) – vagrant but also introduced Anas wyvilliana (Hawaiian duck) - reintroduced onto some islands Black swan Mute swan Cattle egret Wild turkey California quail Gambel's quail Chukar Black francolin Grey francolin Erckel's francolin Japanese quail Red junglefow... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
ocellatus (oscar) Carassius auratus (goldfish) Cephalopholis argus (roi) Channa maculata (blotched snakehead) Cichla ocellaris (butterfly peacock bass) Cichlasoma spilurum (blue-eyed cichlid) Clarias fuscus (whitespotted clarias) Corydoras aeneus (bronze corydoras) Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) Cyprinus carpio (... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
house mosquito) Darna pallivitta (nettle caterpillar) Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila) Elatobium abietinum (green spruce aphid) Epiphyas postvittana (light brown apple moth) Euwallacea fornicatus (tea shot-hole borer) Exomala orientalis (oriental beetle) Frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips) Gl... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
brushtail possum from Australia Cat from Europe Deer: Red deer from Europe Elk Sika deer from Asia Rusa deer from Asia White-tailed deer from North America Fallow deer Sambar deer Donkeys: the Ponui donkey from Europe Cattle from Europe Goat from Europe Sheep European hare from Europe Horse from Europe European hedgeho... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Europe Honey bee from Europe Polistes chinensis (Asian paper wasp) Polistes humilis (common paper wasp) Vespula germanica (European wasp) Vespula vulgaris (common wasp) === Arachnids === Varroa destructor (Varroa mite) Redback spider (from Australia) === Other Animals === Didemnum vexillum (carpet sea squirt) === Plant... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
pygerythrus (vervet monkey) from Africa (in Florida) Macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque) from Asia (in Florida and South Carolina) Saimiri sciureus (common squirrel monkey) from South America (in Florida) Cricetomys gambianus (Gambian pouched rat) from Africa Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (capybara) from South America (in Flor... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Mitred parakeet from South America (in California) Nanday parakeet from South America Yellow-chevroned parakeet Red-masked parakeet Red-crowned amazon Lilac-crowned amazon in California Red-lored amazon in California Yellow-headed amazon Turquoise-fronted amazon Monk parakeet from South America Rose-ringed parakeet fro... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Florida Puerto Rican crested anole in Florida Largehead anole in Florida Bark anole in Florida Knight anole in Florida Cuban green anole in Florida Jamaican giant anole in Florida Green iguana Brown basilisk in Florida Mexican spiny-tailed iguana Black spiny-tailed iguana in Florida Common agama Oriental garden lizard ... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
this list is Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database unless otherwise stated. Acanthogobius flavimanus (Oriental goby) from Japan (in California and Florida) Alosa pseudoharengus (Alewife) (in Great Lakes) Amatitlania nigrofasciata (convict cichlid) from Central America Ameiurus nebulosus (brown bullhead) into western N... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Monopterus albus (Asian swamp eel) from Asia Morone americana (white perch) - from eastern US into non-native areas Morone chrysops (white bass) from Oklahoma (in California) Mylopharyngodon piceus (black carp) from Asia Neogobius melanostomus (round goby) from Eurasia Oreochromis aureus (blue tilapia) from Africa Oreo... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
to North America, but now widespread outside its normal habitat Pacifastacus leniusculus (signal crayfish) into California from elsewhere in North America Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crawfish) now widespread in North America, from its native range in the Gulf of Mexico basin Spiny waterflea from northern Europe and ... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
(grey field slug) Limax maximus (leopard slug) from Europe Lissachatina fulica (giant African snail) Theba pisana (white garden snail) from Europe Zachrysia provisoria (Cuban brown snail) Xerolenta obvia (Heath Snail) === Worms === Medicinal leech Ficopomatus enigmaticus - Australian tubeworm Dendrodrilus rubidus - tro... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Coccus pseudomagnoliarum (citricola scale) Aulacaspis yasumatsui (cycad aulacaspis scale) Icerya purchasi (cottony cushion scale) Neolecanium cornuparvum (magnolia scale) Paratachardina pseudolobata (lobate lac scale) Diaphorina citri Glycaspis brimblecombei Ctenarytaina eucalypti (blue gum psyllid) Shivaphis celti Tox... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Thrips palmi (melon thrips) Forficula auricularia (common earwig) === Arachnids === Lesser brown scorpion from Asia European false widow spider from Europe Latrodectus geometricus Varroa mite from Asia Oligonychus perseae Acarapis woodi (honey bee tracheal mite) Aculops fuchsiae (fuchsia gall mite) Raoiella indica (red... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
- Persian silk tree Acacia nilotica - Gum Arabic tree Acacia auriculiformis - Northern black wattle Acacia crassicarpa - Northern wattle Acacia saligna - Port Jackson wattle Acacia melanoxylon - Australian blackwood Samanea saman - Rain tree Lonicera japonica – Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera maackii – amur honeysuckle L... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
has since been an unpublicised eradication program by the Puerto Rican government, which may have been successful, which would limit the population to research establishments. Patas monkey from Africa (in Puerto Rico) Small Asian mongoose from Asia (in Caribbean islands) Dog Cat European rabbit - population on Clarion ... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Anolis wattsi (Watts' anole) Trachemys scripta elegans (red-eared slider) === Amphibians === Common coquí - U.S. Virgin Islands, Dominican Republic Greenhouse frog - Jamaica, Bahamas Cuban tree frog Scinax ruber - Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles Cane toad American bullfrog === Fish === Mozambique tilapia Gambusia holbrook... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Argentina, Chile, Uruguay and Brazil European rabbit Small Asian mongoose from Asia to Venezuela, Guyana and Suriname American mink Dog Cat Chital from Asia to Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Chile Elk from North America Red deer from Europe Blackbuck from Asia to Argentina and Uruguay Himalayan tahr from New Zealand (o... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Penaeus monodon (Asian tiger shrimp) Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crawfish) === Mollusks === Achatina fulica (Giant African snail) Deroceras invadens (tramp slug) Deroceras laeve (marsh slug) Cornu aspersum (Garden snail) Melanoides tuberculata (red-rimmed melania) == Asia excluding Japan == === Mammals === Macaca fa... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Pond slider Brown anole into Taiwan Brahminy blind snake into non-native areas Burmese python into Singapore === Amphibians === Cane toad American bullfrog === Fish === Arapaima gigas from South America Abbottina rivularis (Chinese false gudgeon) into non-native areas Amatitlania nigrofasciata (convict cichlid) Atracto... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
wasp) Wasmannia auropunctata (electric ant) Xyleborus volvulus === Other arthropods === Latrodectus geometricus (brown widow) Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crawfish) Amphibalanus amphitrite (striped barnacle) Amphibalanus improvisus (bay barnacle) === Molluscs === Ambigolimax valentianus (threeband gardenslug) Brachid... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
(see also Ōkunoshima, also known as Japanese rabbit island) Bos taurus (cattle) Capra aegagrus (feral goat) Muntiacus reevesi (Reeves's muntjac) Sus scrofa (wild boar) === Birds === Acridotheres cristatellus (crested myna) Acridotheres tristis (common myna) Amandava amandava (red avadavat) Bambusicola thoracicus (Chine... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
(zenitanago) Amatitlania nigrofasciata (convict cichlid) Channa argus (northern snakehead) into Japan Channa asiatica (small snakehead) Clarias batrachus (walking catfish) into at least Okinawa Island from mainland Asia Clarias fuscus (whitespotted clarias) Channa maculata (blotched snakehead) Coptodon zillii (redbelly... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
solenopsis (cotton mealybug) Protaetia orientalis Quadrastichus erythrinae (Erythrina gall wasp) Rhabdoscelus obscurus (sugarcane weevil borer) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil) Sericinus montela (sericin swallow-tail butterfly) Solenopsis geminata (fire ant) Thrips palmi (melon thrips) Trialeurodes vaporario... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Coypu - Kenya Fallow deer Himalayan tahr (largely eradicated) Rusa deer Red deer - South Africa Feral horse - see Namib Desert Horse Feral donkey Feral cat Feral dog House mouse Brown rat Black rat Gray squirrel (restricted to the extreme southwestern corner of the continent) Crab-eating macaque - Mauritius Small Asian... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
softshell turtle Emys orbicularis (European pond turtle) Gehyra mutilata (stump-tailed gecko) Hemidactylus frenatus (common house gecko) Lepidodactylus lugubris (mourning gecko) Tarentola mauritanica (Moorish wall gecko) Trachemys scripta ssp. elegans (red-eared slider) Alligator snapping turtle - South Africa === Amph... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
pine engraver) Phenacoccus manihoti (cassava mealybug) Phenacoccus solenopsis (cotton mealybug) Pineus pini (pine woolly aphid) Polistes dominula (European paper wasp) Prostephanus truncatus (larger grain borer) Pseudococcus calceolariae (Citrophilus mealybug) Sirex noctilio (Sirex woodwasp) Spodoptera frugiperda (fall... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Acridotheres tristis (common myna) Alectoris chukar (chukar partridge) - Saint Helena Amandava amandava (red avadavat) Anas acuta (northern pintail) - Île Amsterdam Anas platyrhynchos (mallard) - arrived naturally at Macquarie Island from introduced populations in New Zealand and Australia Bubulcus ibis (cattle egret) ... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Iguana iguana (green iguana) – Fiji Trachemys scripta (red-eared slider) === Amphibians === Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Asian common toad) - New Guinea Eleutherodactylus planirostris (greenhouse frog) - Guam Rhinella marina (cane toad) Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) - Ascension Island === Insects === Adoretus sin... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
borer) Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Asian ambrosia beetle) Xylosandrus morigerus (brown twig beetle) === Molluscs === Cornu aspersum (garden snail) Deroceras invadens (tramp slug) Deroceras laeve (marsh slug) Euglandina rosea (rosy wolfsnail) Gonaxis kibweziensis (kibwezi gonaxis) Limax maximus (great grey slug) - Saint ... | {
"page_id": 395218,
"source": null,
"title": "List of introduced species"
} |
Bioactive glasses have been synthesized through methods such as conventional melting, quenching, the sol–gel process, flame synthesis, and microwave irradiation. The synthesis of bioglass has been reviewed by various groups, with sol-gel synthesis being one of the most frequently used methods for producing bioglass com... | {
"page_id": 39585748,
"source": null,
"title": "Synthesis of bioglass"
} |
The sol–gel process has a long history in the synthesis of silicate systems and other oxides and has become a widely researched field with significant technological relevance. This process is used for the fabrication of thin films, coatings, nanoparticles, and fibers. Sol-gel processing technology at low temperatures, ... | {
"page_id": 39585748,
"source": null,
"title": "Synthesis of bioglass"
} |
higher silver concentrations, resulting in structural densification. It was also observed that quartz and metallic silver crystallization increased with higher silver content, while hydroxyapatite crystallization decreased. The sol–gel technique is widely regarded for its versatility in synthesizing inorganic materials... | {
"page_id": 39585748,
"source": null,
"title": "Synthesis of bioglass"
} |
Since the first printing of Carl Linnaeus's Species Plantarum in 1753, plants have been assigned one epithet or name for their species and one name for their genus, a grouping of related species. Many of these plants are listed in Stearn's Dictionary of Plant Names for Gardeners. William Stearn (1911–2001) was one of t... | {
"page_id": 65800149,
"source": null,
"title": "List of plant genus names with etymologies (D–K)"
} |
Citations == == References == Bayton, Ross (2020). The Gardener's Botanical: An Encyclopedia of Latin Plant Names. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-20017-0. Burkhardt, Lotte (2018). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen – Erweiterte Edition [Index of Eponymic Plant Names – Extended Edi... | {
"page_id": 65800149,
"source": null,
"title": "List of plant genus names with etymologies (D–K)"
} |
In statistical physics, the Bogoliubov–Born–Green–Kirkwood–Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy (sometimes called Bogoliubov hierarchy) is a set of equations describing the dynamics of a system of a large number of interacting particles. The equation for an s-particle distribution function (probability density function) in the BBGKY... | {
"page_id": 5703638,
"source": null,
"title": "BBGKY hierarchy"
} |
q j ) {\displaystyle \Phi _{ij}(\mathbf {q} _{i},\mathbf {q} _{j})} is the pair potential for interaction between particles, and Φ ext ( q i ) {\displaystyle \Phi ^{\text{ext}}(\mathbf {q} _{i})} is the external-field potential. By integration over part of the variables, the Liouville equation can be transformed into a... | {
"page_id": 5703638,
"source": null,
"title": "BBGKY hierarchy"
} |
{q} _{i}}}-\sum _{i=1}^{s}\left(\sum _{j=1\neq i}^{s}{\frac {\partial \Phi _{ij}}{\partial \mathbf {q} _{i}}}+{\frac {\partial \Phi _{i}^{ext}}{\partial \mathbf {q} _{i}}}\right){\frac {\partial f_{s}}{\partial \mathbf {p} _{i}}}=(N-s)\sum _{i=1}^{s}\int {\frac {\partial \Phi _{i\,s+1}}{\partial \mathbf {q} _{i}}}{\fra... | {
"page_id": 5703638,
"source": null,
"title": "BBGKY hierarchy"
} |
an incompressible flow of the probability density in phase space. We then define the reduced distribution functions incrementally by integrating out another particle's degrees of freedom f s ∼ ∫ f s + 1 {\textstyle f_{s}\sim \int f_{s+1}} . An equation in the BBGKY hierarchy tells us that the time evolution for such a ... | {
"page_id": 5703638,
"source": null,
"title": "BBGKY hierarchy"
} |
in classical statistical mechanics by J. Yvon in 1935. The BBGKY hierarchy of equations for s-particle distribution functions was written out and applied to the derivation of kinetic equations by Bogoliubov in the article received in July 1945 and published in 1946 in Russian and in English. The kinetic transport theor... | {
"page_id": 5703638,
"source": null,
"title": "BBGKY hierarchy"
} |
Sucrose:1,6-, 1,3-α-D-glucan 3-α- and 6-α-D-glucosyltransferase may refer to:- Sucrose—1,6-alpha-glucan 3(6)-alpha-glucosyltransferase, an enzyme Alternansucrase, an enzyme | {
"page_id": 38799320,
"source": null,
"title": "Sucrose:1,6-, 1,3-α-D-glucan 3-α- and 6-α-D-glucosyltransferase"
} |
Palatability (or palatableness) is the hedonic reward (which is pleasure of taste in this case) provided by foods or drinks that are agreeable to the "palate", which often varies relative to the homeostatic satisfaction of nutritional and/or water needs. The palatability of a dish or beverage, unlike its flavor or tast... | {
"page_id": 12126172,
"source": null,
"title": "Palatability"
} |
indirect evidence suggests it may reside within the motivationally rich circuits linking hypothalamic and brainstem viscerogenic structures such as the parabrachial nucleus. It has also been suggested that hedonic hunger can be driven both in regard to "wanting" and "liking" and that a palatability subtype of neuron ma... | {
"page_id": 12126172,
"source": null,
"title": "Palatability"
} |
Ferrous lactate, or iron(II) lactate, are coordination complexes of iron(II) with one or more lactate ligands. One example is Fe(lactate)2(H2O)2(H2O) where lactate is CH3CH(OH)CO−2. It is a colorless solid. == Production == Iron(II) lactate can be produced through several reactions, among which are calcium lactate with... | {
"page_id": 15665118,
"source": null,
"title": "Iron(II) lactate"
} |
In machine learning and computer vision, M-theory is a learning framework inspired by feed-forward processing in the ventral stream of visual cortex and originally developed for recognition and classification of objects in visual scenes. M-theory was later applied to other areas, such as speech recognition. On certain ... | {
"page_id": 44632031,
"source": null,
"title": "M-theory (learning framework)"
} |
while performance of the first classifier was close to random guess even after seeing 20 examples. Invariant representations has been incorporated into several learning architectures, such as neocognitrons. Most of these architectures, however, provided invariance through custom-designed features or properties of archi... | {
"page_id": 44632031,
"source": null,
"title": "M-theory (learning framework)"
} |
\qquad (1)} In other words, the dot product of transformed image and a template is equal to the dot product of original image and inversely transformed template. For instance, for image rotated by 90 degrees, the inversely transformed template would be rotated by −90 degrees. Consider the set of dot products of an imag... | {
"page_id": 44632031,
"source": null,
"title": "M-theory (learning framework)"
} |
= { ⟨ I , g ′ ′ t ⟩ ∣ g ′ ′ ∈ G } {\displaystyle \lbrace \langle I,g^{-1}g^{\prime }t\rangle \mid g^{\prime }\in G\rbrace =\lbrace \langle I,g^{\prime \prime }t\rangle \mid g^{\prime \prime }\in G\rbrace } . One can see that the set of dot products remains the same despite that a transformation was applied to the image... | {
"page_id": 44632031,
"source": null,
"title": "M-theory (learning framework)"
} |
g I {\displaystyle gI} generated from a single image I {\displaystyle I} under the action of the group G , ∀ g ∈ G {\displaystyle G,\forall g\in G} . In other words, images of an object and of its transformations correspond to an orbit O I {\displaystyle O_{I}} . If two orbits have a point in common they are identical ... | {
"page_id": 44632031,
"source": null,
"title": "M-theory (learning framework)"
} |
≥ 2 c ε 2 log n δ {\displaystyle K\geq {\frac {2}{c\varepsilon ^{2}}}\log {\frac {n}{\delta }}} , where c {\displaystyle c} is a universal constant. Then | d ( P I , P I ′ ) − d K ( P I , P I ′ ) | ≤ ε , {\displaystyle |d(P_{I},P_{I}^{\prime })-dK(P_{I},P_{I}^{\prime })|\leq \varepsilon ,} with probability 1 − δ 2 {\... | {
"page_id": 44632031,
"source": null,
"title": "M-theory (learning framework)"
} |
G | η n ( ⟨ I , g i t k ⟩ ) {\displaystyle \mu _{n}^{k}(I)=1/\left|G\right|\sum _{i=1}^{\left|G\right|}\eta _{n}(\langle I,g_{i}t^{k}\rangle )} , where η n , n = 1 , … , N {\displaystyle \eta _{n},n=1,\ldots ,N} is a set of nonlinear functions. These 1-D probability distributions can be characterized with N-bin histogr... | {
"page_id": 44632031,
"source": null,
"title": "M-theory (learning framework)"
} |
of transformations for which invariance is guaranteed to hold. One can see that the smaller is supp ( ⟨ I , g − 1 t k ⟩ ) {\displaystyle \operatorname {supp} (\langle I,g^{-1}t_{k}\rangle )} , the larger is the range of transformations for which invariance is guaranteed to hold. It means that for a group that is only... | {
"page_id": 44632031,
"source": null,
"title": "M-theory (learning framework)"
} |
and transformation can be locally linearized. As it was said in the previous section, for specific case of translations and scaling, localization condition can be satisfied by use of generic Gabor templates. However, for general case (non-group) transformation, localization condition can be satisfied only for specific ... | {
"page_id": 44632031,
"source": null,
"title": "M-theory (learning framework)"
} |
is in front of a non-uniform background, which functions as a distractor for the visual task. Hierarchical architecture provides signatures for parts of target objects, which do not include parts of background and are not affected by background variations. In hierarchical architectures, one layer is not necessarily inv... | {
"page_id": 44632031,
"source": null,
"title": "M-theory (learning framework)"
} |
that usually require a lot of data in order to recognize objects. Prior to the use of visual neuroscience in computer vision has been limited to early vision for deriving stereo algorithms (e.g.,) and to justify the use of DoG (derivative-of-Gaussian) filters and more recently of Gabor filters. No real attention has be... | {
"page_id": 44632031,
"source": null,
"title": "M-theory (learning framework)"
} |
i=1,\ldots ,|G|} ( | G | {\displaystyle |G|} is a number of simple cells). Complex cells are responsible for pooling and computing empirical histograms or statistical moments of it. The following formula for constructing histogram can be computed by neurons: 1 | G | ∑ i = 1 | G | σ ( ⟨ I , g i t k ⟩ + n Δ ) , {\display... | {
"page_id": 44632031,
"source": null,
"title": "M-theory (learning framework)"
} |
of recognition tasks: from invariant single object recognition in clutter to multiclass categorization problems on publicly available data sets (CalTech5, CalTech101, MIT-CBCL) and complex (street) scene understanding tasks that requires the recognition of both shape-based as well as texture-based objects (on StreetSce... | {
"page_id": 44632031,
"source": null,
"title": "M-theory (learning framework)"
} |
Purification in a chemical context is the physical separation of a chemical substance of interest from foreign or contaminating substances. Pure results of a successful purification process are termed isolate. The following list of chemical purification methods should not be considered exhaustive. Affinity purification... | {
"page_id": 10684384,
"source": null,
"title": "List of purification methods in chemistry"
} |
the surface of a solid material, such as activated carbon, that forms strong non-covalent chemical bonds with the impurity. Chromatography employs continuous adsorption and desorption on a packed bed of a solid to purify multiple components of a single feed stream. In a laboratory setting, mixture of dissolved material... | {
"page_id": 10684384,
"source": null,
"title": "List of purification methods in chemistry"
} |
gas to a solid) without passing through liquid phase. In terms of purification - material is heated, often under vacuum, and the vapors of the material are then condensed back to a solid on a cooler surface. The process thus in its essence is similar to distillation, however the material which is condensed on the coole... | {
"page_id": 10684384,
"source": null,
"title": "List of purification methods in chemistry"
} |
Brinelling is the permanent indentation of a hard surface. It is named after the Brinell scale of hardness, in which a small ball is pushed against a hard surface at a preset level of force, and the depth and diameter of the mark indicates the Brinell hardness of the surface. Brinelling is permanent plastic deformation... | {
"page_id": 19531744,
"source": null,
"title": "Brinelling"
} |
casters when the ball bearings within the swivel head produce grooves in the hard cap, thus degrading performance by increasing the required swivel force. == Avoiding brinelling damage == Engineers can use the Brinell hardness of materials in their calculations to avoid this mode of failure. A rolling element bearing's... | {
"page_id": 19531744,
"source": null,
"title": "Brinelling"
} |
into the workpiece. == False brinelling == A similar-looking kind of damage is called false brinelling and is caused by fretting wear. Fretting wear occurs when localized wear-marks develop in evenly spaced patterns, with raised or unworn portions in between, like frets on a guitar. False brinelling occurs in two types... | {
"page_id": 19531744,
"source": null,
"title": "Brinelling"
} |
elements, and therefore this type of wear can be differentiated from true brinelling. == References == | {
"page_id": 19531744,
"source": null,
"title": "Brinelling"
} |
Proteins are a class of macromolecular organic compounds that are essential to life. They consist of a long polypeptide chain that usually adopts a single stable three-dimensional structure. They fulfill a wide variety of functions including providing structural stability to cells, catalyzing chemical reactions that pr... | {
"page_id": 2361314,
"source": null,
"title": "List of proteins"
} |
enzyme catalyzes, not the protein per se. However each EC number has been mapped to one or more specific proteins. List of enzymes EC 1: Oxidoreductases EC 2: Transferases EC 3: Hydrolases EC 4: Lyases EC 5: Isomerases EC 6: Ligases EC 7: Translocases === Transport === Transport protein Ion channel Solute carrier famil... | {
"page_id": 2361314,
"source": null,
"title": "List of proteins"
} |
Glutamate-1-semialdehyde is a molecule formed from by the reduction of tRNA bound glutamate, catalyzed by glutamyl-tRNA reductase. It is isomerized by glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase to give aminolevulinic acid in the biosynthesis of porphyrins, including heme and chlorophyll. == See also == Glutamate-5-semial... | {
"page_id": 11405282,
"source": null,
"title": "Glutamate-1-semialdehyde"
} |
The Kiln Site in Yucheon-ri, Buan (Korean: 부안 유천리 요지; Hanja: 扶安柳川里窯址) refers to a Goryeo-era archaeological site in Yucheon-ri, Buan County, North Jeolla Province, South Korea. In the site are the remains of 40 kilns used to produce Goryeo ware. On January 21, 1963, the site was made a Historic Site of South Korea. The... | {
"page_id": 79235043,
"source": null,
"title": "Kiln Site in Yucheon-ri, Buan"
} |
Genetic matchmaking is the idea of matching couples for romantic relationships based on their biological compatibility. The initial idea was conceptualized by Claus Wedekind through his "sweaty t-shirt" experiment. Males were asked to wear T-shirts for two consecutive nights, and then females were asked to smell the T-... | {
"page_id": 26544101,
"source": null,
"title": "Genetic matchmaking"
} |
has not found a consistent relationship between marital partners and genes related to the immune system. == Reasons for biological compatibility == There are several biological reasons why women would be attracted to and mate with men with dissimilar HLA alleles: Their offspring would have a greater assortment of HLA a... | {
"page_id": 26544101,
"source": null,
"title": "Genetic matchmaking"
} |
A copiotroph is an organism found in environments rich in nutrients, particularly carbon. They are the opposite to oligotrophs, which survive in much lower carbon concentrations. Copiotrophic organisms tend to grow in high organic substrate conditions. For example, copiotrophic organisms grow in Sewage lagoons. They gr... | {
"page_id": 9504741,
"source": null,
"title": "Copiotroph"
} |
can outcompete copiotrophs in low-nutrient environments. This causes low-nutrient conditions to continue for extended periods of time, making it difficult for copiotrophs to sustain life. Copiotrophs are larger than oligotrophs and need more energy, requiring larger concentrations of substrate for survival. Copiotrophs... | {
"page_id": 9504741,
"source": null,
"title": "Copiotroph"
} |
responsible for expression of genes in clusters. The larger amount of ribosomal content allows for more rapid growth. Oligotrophs have one ribosomal RNA operon while copiotrophs can contain up to fifteen operons. Copiotrophs tend to have a lower carbon use efficiency than oligotrophs. This is the ratio of carbon used f... | {
"page_id": 9504741,
"source": null,
"title": "Copiotroph"
} |
The Wannier equation describes a quantum mechanical eigenvalue problem in solids where an electron in a conduction band and an electronic vacancy (i.e. hole) within a valence band attract each other via the Coulomb interaction. For one electron and one hole, this problem is analogous to the Schrödinger equation of the ... | {
"page_id": 39454695,
"source": null,
"title": "Wannier equation"
} |
r {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{r}} is the relative permittivity, and ε 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{0}} is the vacuum permittivity. The solutions of the hydrogen atom are described by eigenfunction ϕ λ ( r ) {\displaystyle \phi _{\lambda }(\mathbf {r} )} and eigenenergy E λ {\displaystyle E_{\lambda }} where λ {\disp... | {
"page_id": 39454695,
"source": null,
"title": "Wannier equation"
} |
the k {\displaystyle \mathbf {k} } -representation is useful when introducing the generalized Wannier equation. == Generalized Wannier equation == The Wannier equation can be generalized by including the presence of many electrons and holes in the excited system. One can start from the general theory of either optical ... | {
"page_id": 39454695,
"source": null,
"title": "Wannier equation"
} |
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