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of the cam as in Saulnier's patent. Thus the force on the rod was exerted by tension rather than compression, (or in less technical language, the trigger motor worked by being "pulled" rather than "pushed") which enabled the rod to be lighter, minimising its inertia so that it could operate faster (at least in early versions of the gear, each revolution of the cam wheel produced two firing impulses instead of one). A single firing lever engaged the gear and fired the gun in one action, rather than the gear having to be "turned on" and then fired, as with some earlier gears. 2,750 examples of the Sopwith-Kauper gear were installed in service aircraft: as well as being the standard gear for the Sopwith Pup and Triplane it was fitted to many early Camels, and replaced earlier gears in 1½ Strutters and other Sopwith types. However, by November 1917, in spite of several modifications, it was becoming evident that even the Sopwith-Kauper gear suffered from the inherent limitations of mechanical gears. Camel squadrons, in particular, reported that propellers were frequently being "shot through", the gears having a tendency to "run away". Wear and tear, as well as the increased rate of fire of the Vickers gun and higher engine speeds were responsible for this decline in performance and reliability. By this time the teething problems of the hydraulic C.C. gear had been overcome and it was made standard for all British aircraft, including Sopwiths. ==== The Constantinesco synchronization gear ==== Major Colley, the Chief Experimental Officer and Artillery Adviser at the War Office Munitions Invention Department, became interested in George Constantinesco's theory of Wave Transmission, and worked with him to determine how his invention could be put to practical use, finally hitting on the notion of developing a synchronization gear
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{"page_id": 174474, "title": "Synchronization gear"}
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Ken Thomas. Steel appears as a character summon in Scribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure. === Miscellaneous === John Henry Irons appears in Superman Lives!, voiced by Leon Hebert. The DCAU incarnation of Steel appears in Justice League Unlimited #2. An alternate universe variant of Steel was originally slated to appear in the second season of Justice League: Gods and Monsters Chronicles before it was cancelled. == References == == External links == Steel (John Henry Irons) at the Comic Book DB (archived from the original) Steel at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Steel's secret origin on DC Comics.com Archived 2012-02-23 at the Wayback Machine The Official 52 Website
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{"page_id": 4407019, "title": "Steel (John Henry Irons)"}
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kHz was deemed the highest usable rate compatible with both PAL and NTSC video and requiring encoding no more than 3 samples per video line per audio channel. The sample rate is composed as follows: NTSC has 490 active lines per frame, out of 525 lines total; PAL has 588 active lines per frame, out of 625 lines total. == Related rates == 44,100 is the product of the squares of the first four prime numbers ( 2 2 ⋅ 3 2 ⋅ 5 2 ⋅ 7 2 {\displaystyle 2^{2}\cdot 3^{2}\cdot 5^{2}\cdot 7^{2}} ) and hence has many useful integer factors. Various halvings and doublings of 44.1 kHz are used – the lower rates 11.025 kHz and 22.05 kHz are found in WAV files, and are suitable for low-bandwidth applications, while the higher rates of 88.2 kHz and 176.4 kHz are used in mastering and in DVD-Audio – the higher rates are useful both for the usual reason of providing additional resolution (hence less sensitive to distortions introduced by editing), and also making the low-pass filtering easier, since a much larger transition band (between human-audible at 20 kHz and half the sampling rate) is possible. The 88.2 kHz and 176.4 kHz rates are primarily used when the ultimate target is a CD. == Other rates == Several other sampling rates were also used in early digital audio. A 50 kHz sample rate, used by Soundstream in the 1970s, following a 37 kHz prototype. In the early 1980s, a 32 kHz sampling rate was used in broadcast (esp. in UK and Japan), because this is sufficient for FM stereo broadcasts, which have 15 kHz bandwidth. Some digital audio was provided for domestic use in two incompatible EIAJ formats, corresponding to 525/59.94 (44,056 Hz sampling) and 625/50 (44.1 kHz sampling). The Digital
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{"page_id": 29350269, "title": "44,100 Hz"}
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Title: Optimal aggregation algorithms for middleware URL Source: Markdown Content: Skip to main content Skip to article Journals & Books View PDF Download full issue Outline Abstract 1. Introduction 2. Modes of access to data 3. Fagin's algorithm 4. The threshold algorithm 5. Instance optimality 6. Instance optimality of the threshold algorithm 7. Restricting sorted access 8. Minimizing random access 9. Lower bounds on the optimality ratio 10. Related work 11. Conclusions and open problems Acknowledgements References Show full outline Cited by (695) Figures (5) Tables (1) Table 1 Journal of Computer and System Sciences Volume 66, Issue 4, June 2003, Pages 614-656 Optimal aggregation algorithms for middleware☆ Author links open overlay panel Ronald Fagin a , Amnon Lotem b , Moni Naor c 1 Show more Add to Mendeley Share Cite Get rights and content Under an Elsevier user license Open archive Abstract Assume that each object in a database has m grades, or scores, one for each of m attributes. For example, an object can have a color grade, that tells how red it is, and a shape grade, that tells how round it is. For each attribute, there is a sorted list, which lists each object and its grade under that attribute, sorted by grade (highest grade first). Each object is assigned an overall grade, that is obtained by combining the attribute grades using a fixed monotone aggregation function, or combining rule, such as min or average. To determine the top k objects, that is, k objects with the highest overall grades, the naive algorithm must access every object in the database, to find its grade under each attribute. Fagin has given an algorithm (“Fagin's Algorithm”, or FA) that is much more efficient. For some monotone aggregation functions, FA is optimal with high probability in
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{"source": 1475, "title": "from dpo"}
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model) in the form required by the Kalman filter: $$\begin{aligned} \mathbf x_k &= \mathbf{Fx}_{k-1} \\ &= \begin{bmatrix} 1 & \Delta t \\ 0 & 1\end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix}x_{k-1} \\ \dot x_{k-1}\end{bmatrix} \end{aligned}$$ We can do that only because $\dot x = v$ is simplest differential equation possible. Almost all other in physical systems result in more complicated differential equation which do not yield to this approach. *State-space* methods became popular around the time of the Apollo missions, largely due to the work of Dr. Kalman. The idea is simple. Model a system with a set of $n^{th}$-order differential equations. Convert them into an equivalent set of first-order differential equations. Put them into the vector-matrix form used in the previous section: $\dot{\mathbf x} = \mathbf{Ax} + \mathbf{Bu}$. Once in this form we use of of several techniques to convert these linear differential equations into the recursive equation: $$ \mathbf x_k = \mathbf{Fx}_{k-1} + \mathbf B_k\mathbf u_k$$ Some books call the state transition matrix the *fundamental matrix*. Many use $\mathbf \Phi$ instead of $\mathbf F$. Sources based heavily on control theory tend to use these forms. These are called *state-space* methods because we are expressing the solution of the differential equations in terms of the system state. ### Forming First Order Equations from Higher Order Equations Many models of physical systems require second or higher order differential equations with control input $u$: $$a_n \frac{d^ny}{dt^n} + a_{n-1} \frac{d^{n-1}y}{dt^{n-1}} + \dots + a_2 \frac{d^2y}{dt^2} + a_1 \frac{dy}{dt} + a_0 = u$$ State-space methods require first-order equations. Any higher order system of equations can be reduced to first-order by defining extra variables for the derivatives and then solving. Let's do an example. Given the system $\ddot{x} - 6\dot x + 9x = u$ find the equivalent first order equations. I've used the dot notation for the time
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{"source": 3869, "title": "from dpo"}
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the existing Fourier analytical approach. Moreover, it is unlikely that one can extend this result beyond $k/n\leq0.5$ due to the technical hurdle of the Fourier-analytic approach. ![Image 25: Paper: Shai Halevi (in person) (paper #54) We study the notion of {\em Random-index ORAM} (RORAM), which is a weak form of ORAM where the Client is limited to asking for random elements of the $N$-items memory rather than specific ones (and, possibly, modify them). That is, whenever the client issues a request, it gets in return a pair $(r,x_r)$ where $r\in_R[N]$ is a random index and $x_r$ is the content of the $r$-th memory item. Then, the client can also modify the content to some new value $x'_r$. We first argue that for certain applications the limited functionality of RORAM still suffices. These include various applications of sampling (or sub-sampling), and in particular the very-large-scale MPC application in the setting of~ Benhamouda et al. \cite{BGG+20}. Clearly, RORAM can be implemented using any ORAM scheme (by the Client selecting the random $r$'s by himself), but the hope is that the limited functionality of RORAM can make it faster and easier to implement than ORAM. Indeed, our main contributions are several RORAM schemes (both of the hierarchical-type and the tree-type) of lighter complexity than that of ORAM. ![Image 27: eprint Chicago: 9:30-10:15 Tue Nov 8 15:30 to Tue Nov 8 16:15 ##### ABE and FE Chair: David J. Wu YouTube Shweta Agrawal Rishab Goyal Junichi Tomida IIT Madras,UW-Madison,NTT Social Informatics Laboratories Speaker(s): Junichi Tomida (online) (paper #64) Multi-input functional encryption,
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{"source": 5793, "title": "from dpo"}
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time to try this today as I have 90% of the ingredients on hand. I don’t know about other countries (I am in Australia) but psyllium husk is super easy to find here they even sell it in the local supermarkets in the healthy section. Reply ABBIE February 12, 2013 at 10:07 pm I can’t wait to make this bread. I had a question about sprouting the seeds and nuts before hand in the bread tin. I thought when a nut was soaked/sprouted that the hard to digest enzyme was released from the nut into the water. Throwing out the soaking water meant you were throwing out the unwanted enzyme. If the seeds and nuts in this bread are soaked in the water that is used in the bread, does that mean the hard to digest enzyme is still there in the bread? I hope this question makes sense! Reply EILEEN February 12, 2013 at 10:06 pm Wow–I don’t think I’ve ever seen a bread quite so packed with seeds and grains! So amazing. 🙂 Reply ASHLEY February 12, 2013 at 10:03 pm Cracked up at the part about “good poops!” 😉 I’ve heard of psyllium husks but had no idea what they were used for. This bread is stunning + I can’t even imagine the texture created by these ingredients. I’m ALL in on this one. Nicely done and always love your informative + easy to understand explanation of new ingredients. Reply CHIARA February 12, 2013 at 9:25 pm This bread is awesome! I really want to try it, but I can’t find psyllium seeds husk. I’ll keep looking for it though! Love your blog, thanks for the great information you are sharing, I learn so much reading it! Reply SARAH BRITTON February 12, 2013 at 9:39 pm Hello
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{"source": 7370, "title": "from dpo"}
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The National Center for Functional Glycomics is an organization that is focused on the development of technology development in glycosciences. They are specifically focused on glycan analysis and molecular mechanisms of glycan recognition by proteins important in human biology and disease. The center was established at Emory University in 2013 with $5.5 million funding by National Institutes of Health under the leadership of Richard D. Cummings. The center moved to Harvard University in September 2015 and is currently located at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston Massachusetts. The center is affiliated with the Consortium for Functional Glycomics. The National Center for Functional Glycomics is one of four glycomics-related biomedical technology research resource centers in the United States. These centers provide unique technology and methods in the field of glycomics research. The center is responsible for services and training for outside investigators, as well as providing access and disseminating technologies, methods and software. == Research projects == The center's projects are: Analysis of potential glycan-binding proteins on various glycan arrays (CFG glycan array, Microbial glycan array, NCFG-derived arrays) Structural analysis of glycans Production of naturally occurring glycans by isolation === Shotgun glycomics === The center researches shotgun glycomics techniques in which glycans harvested and purified from various materials such as breast milk and pig lungs. Such techniques developed by the center and other glycomics groups can further be applied to tissues to generate an overall glycome of the tissue for research into various diseases such as cancer, inflammation and autoimmune diseases. === Oxidative Release of Natural Glycans === The oxidative release of natural glycans technique was developed at the center. This process involves household bleach treatment of tissues to release glycans for glycomics. The eventual aim of this approach is to make glycomics accessible by a larger community of scientists
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{"page_id": 53959828, "title": "National Center for Functional Glycomics"}
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In representation learning, knowledge graph embedding (KGE), also called knowledge representation learning (KRL), or multi-relation learning, is a machine learning task of learning a low-dimensional representation of a knowledge graph's entities and relations while preserving their semantic meaning. Leveraging their embedded representation, knowledge graphs (KGs) can be used for various applications such as link prediction, triple classification, entity recognition, clustering, and relation extraction. == Definition == A knowledge graph G = { E , R , F } {\displaystyle {\mathcal {G}}=\{E,R,F\}} is a collection of entities E {\displaystyle E} , relations R {\displaystyle R} , and facts F {\displaystyle F} . A fact is a triple ( h , r , t ) ∈ F {\displaystyle (h,r,t)\in F} that denotes a link r ∈ R {\displaystyle r\in R} between the head h ∈ E {\displaystyle h\in E} and the tail t ∈ E {\displaystyle t\in E} of the triple. Another notation that is often used in the literature to represent a triple (or fact) is < h e a d , r e l a t i o n , t a i l > {\displaystyle <head,relation,tail>} . This notation is called resource description framework (RDF). A knowledge graph represents the knowledge related to a specific domain; leveraging this structured representation, it is possible to infer a piece of new knowledge from it after some refinement steps. However, nowadays, people have to deal with the sparsity of data and the computational inefficiency to use them in a real-world application. The embedding of a knowledge graph is a function that translates each entity and each relation into a vector of a given dimension d {\displaystyle d} , called embedding dimension. It is even possible to embed the entities and relations with different dimensions. The embedding vectors can then be used for
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{"page_id": 67944487, "title": "Knowledge graph embedding"}
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Lifesize was a video and audio telecommunications company in the United States which provided high definition videoconferencing endpoints and accessories, touchscreen conference room phones, a cloud-based video collaboration platform, and omnichannel contact center solutions under their CxEngage product line. Lifesize's headquarters was located in Austin, Texas. Its Europe, Middle East and Africa regional office were located in Munich, Germany. == History == Lifesize was founded by Craig Malloy and Michael Kenoyer in January 2003. It operated in "stealth mode" under the name KMV Technologies from 2003 to 2005. Investors in Lifesize included Redpoint Ventures, Sutter Hill Ventures, Pinnacle Ventures, Austin Ventures, Norwest Venture Partners and Tenaya Capital. The company name change to Lifesize Communications was unveiled at the Interop trade show in Las Vegas, Nevada in May 2005. This is also when Lifesize announced its first product, Lifesize Room, which was the first high definition video conferencing endpoint brought to market. Malloy was a product manager at VTEL Corporation until 1996, when he left and founded ViaVideo. ViaVideo was acquired by Polycom in 1998. Malloy was the senior vice president and general manager of the Video Communication Division of Polycom through 2002, when he left to found his own high definition video telecommunications company. In 2009, Logitech acquired Lifesize for US$405 million in cash. Lifesize then became a division of Logitech, but continued to operate as a separate division led by Malloy. Malloy served as the Lifesize CEO from 2003 – 2012, and resumed the role in February 2014. Lifesize was spun out of Logitech in early 2016 and is privately owned. In March 2020, Lifesize announced a merger with Serenova, a contact center-as-a-service (CCaaS) provider. In August 2020, Lifesize announced the acquisition of Kaptivo, a digital collaboration company based in Cambridge, UK. In February 2021, former 8x8 President, Kim
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{"page_id": 21100886, "title": "Lifesize"}
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aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS), a technique with high temporal and size resolution. In 1999 she began to work with the University of Rochester studying the health effects of ultrafine particles. She refined the detection technique so that it would precisely measure the size and composition of small particles. The ultrafine ATOFMS was able to examine exhaust particles from gasoline and diesel powered vehicles. She found that alongside the freeway, particles between 50 and 300 nm were mainly due to heavy-duty vehicles (51%) and light-duty vehicles (32%). She used the ultrafine ATOFMS to study atmospheric composition, combining it with ozone and NOx measurements. ATOFMS is now widely used in atmospheric studies around the world. In 2003, she joined the advisory board of United States Environmental Protection Agency PM2.5 Clean Air. Between 2003 and 2006 Prather studied whether ATOFMS could be used to measure the carbonaceous components of aerosols (including PAHs) and help to understand atmospheric processes, distinguishing between organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). Prather showed it was possible to distinguish EC and OC on a single particle level, and investigated their chemical associations with ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate. Her group explored ways to calibrate the ATOFMS data, making real-time apportionment of ambient particles possible. They did this by classifying particles using an artificial neural network (ART-2a). In 2008 she became the co-lead scientist in CalWater in collaboration with F. Martin Ralph; a multi-year interdisciplinary research effort focusing on how aerosols are impacting the water supply in the West Coast of the United States. Her PhD student Kerri Pratt led the Ice in Clouds Experiment - Layer Clouds (ICE-L) study. ICE-L included the first aircraft ATOFMS, named Shirley. Pratt and Prather studied ice crystals in situ on high speed aircraft flying above Wyoming, and found that the particles were mainly
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{"page_id": 59545995, "title": "Kimberly Prather"}
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The International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) is a platform for the registration of clinical trials operated by the World Health Organization. The ICTRP combines data from multiple cooperating clinical trials registries to generate a global view of clinical trials worldwide, with a search portal that allows access to the entire dataset. It requires a minimum standard set of database fields, the WHO Trial Registration Data Set, to be present for a trial to be registered. All entries are given a Universal Trial Number (UTN) that identifies them uniquely. The organization has sought to assist various national governments in establishing their own clinical trials databases. It combines data from the following primary registries and data providers: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBec) Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) Clinical Research Information Service (CRiS), Republic of Korea ClinicalTrials.gov Clinical Trials Information System (CTIS), European Medicines Agency Clinical Trials Registry - India (CTRI) Cuban Public Registry of Clinical Trials (RPCEC) EU Clinical Trials Register (EU-CTR) German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) ISRCTN (UK) International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry (ITMCTR) Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT) Japan Primary Registries Network (JPRN) Lebanese Clinical Trials Registry (LBCTR) Overview of Medical Research in the Netherlands (OMON) Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR) Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR) Peruvian Clinical Trial Registry (REPEC) Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry (SLCTR) == See also == ClinicalTrials.gov Clinical trial registration List of clinical trial registries == References == == External links == Official website
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{"page_id": 65605929, "title": "International Clinical Trials Registry Platform"}
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dot product Given two vectors of the same length, the dot product is the sum of the products of their corresponding indices. dual space The vector space of all linear forms on a given vector space. == E == elementary matrix Square matrix that differs from the identity matrix by at most one entry == H == hyperbolic unit 1. An operator (x, y) → (y, x), reflecting the plane in the 45° diagonal 2. In a linear algebra, a linear map which when composed with itself yields the identity == I == identity matrix A diagonal matrix all of the diagonal elements of which are equal to 1 {\displaystyle 1} . imaginary unit 1. An operator (x, y) → (y, –x), rotating the plane 90° counterclockwise 2. In a linear algebra, a linear map which when composed with itself produces the negative of the identity inverse matrix Of a matrix A {\displaystyle A} , another matrix B {\displaystyle B} such that A {\displaystyle A} multiplied by B {\displaystyle B} and B {\displaystyle B} multiplied by A {\displaystyle A} both equal the identity matrix. isotropic vector In a vector space with a quadratic form, a non-zero vector for which the form is zero. isotropic quadratic form A vector space with a quadratic form which has a null vector. == L == linear algebra 1. The branch of mathematics that deals with vectors, vector spaces, linear transformations and systems of linear equations. 2. A vector space that has a binary operation making it a ring. This linear algebra is also known as an algebra over a field. linear combination A sum, each of whose summands is an appropriate vector times an appropriate scalar (or ring element). linear dependence A linear dependence of a tuple of vectors v → 1 , …
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{"page_id": 70361989, "title": "Glossary of linear algebra"}
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uplink UL/DL inter eNB coordinated MIMO SONs, Self Organizing Networks methodologies Within the range of system development, LTE-Advanced and WiMAX 2 can use up to 8x8 MIMO and 128-QAM in downlink direction. Example performance: 100 MHz aggregated bandwidth, LTE-Advanced provides almost 3.3 Gbit peak download rates per sector of the base station under ideal conditions. Advanced network architectures combined with distributed and collaborative smart antenna technologies provide several years road map of commercial enhancements. The 3GPP standards Release 12 added support for 256-QAM. A summary of a study carried out in 3GPP can be found in TR36.912. == Timeframe and introduction of additional features == Original standardization work for LTE-Advanced was done as part of 3GPP Release 10, which was frozen in April 2011. Trials were based on pre-release equipment. Major vendors support software upgrades to later versions and ongoing improvements. In order to improve the quality of service for users in hotspots and on cell edges, heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are formed of a mixture of macro-, pico- and femto base stations serving corresponding-size areas. Frozen in December 2012, 3GPP Release 11 concentrates on better support of HetNet. Coordinated Multi-Point operation (CoMP) is a key feature of Release 11 in order to support such network structures. Whereas users located at a cell edge in homogenous networks suffer from decreasing signal strength compounded by neighbor cell interference, CoMP is designed to enable use of a neighboring cell to also transmit the same signal as the serving cell, enhancing quality of service on the perimeter of a serving cell. In-device Co-existence (IDC) is another topic addressed in Release 11. IDC features are designed to ameliorate disturbances within the user equipment caused between LTE/LTE-A and the various other radio subsystems such as WiFi, Bluetooth, and the GPS receiver. Further enhancements for MIMO such
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{"page_id": 19285762, "title": "LTE Advanced"}
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navigation", "embedded systems", or "mechatronics". The students also choose one of ten minors: "Entrepreneurship", "business marketing", "association management", "Research Management", "Conduct of an international project", "project personnel development", "Board and consulting", " human resource management", "cultural management", "financial management". In the fifth year, four options are available independently of the choice made in the fourth year: "Avionics", "Aeronautical Systems Design", "Space Systems Design" and "Management and Industrial Logistics". From the first year on the school offers lessons relating to aeronautics in addition to basic scientific education, and a large part of the teaching throughout the curriculum is project-based. Students also have the opportunity to attend a technical and managerial course sanctioned by an MBA in "business and international negotiation" of the Institut supérieur de gestion in addition to the diploma of the school, or to make the last year of studies in a foreign university in partnership with IPSA. Eleven months of internship are planned in the curriculum. After graduation, graduates are represented by the association AAEIPSA (IPSA Alumni association). 70% of them work in the aerospace industry, mainly in research and development (46%) and in the Île-de-France region (57%). Admission to the school is possible after a baccalauréat by succeeding at the competition "Advance" organized in partnership with EPITA and ESME-Sudria. In total, the three schools offer approximately 900 places. It is also possible to enter the school in the second, third or fourth year of studies for students coming from classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles, Bachelor or Master. Since 2017, the school also offers Bachelors in aeronautics in addition to the Master's degree program describe above. === International relations === Partnerships allowing students to obtain a Master of Science in addition to the degree of IPSA exist with Shenyang Aerospace University in China, Cranfield University in the UK,
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{"page_id": 25877945, "title": "Institut polytechnique des sciences avancées"}
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A trilemma is a difficult choice from three options, each of which is (or appears) unacceptable or unfavourable. There are two logically equivalent ways in which to express a trilemma: it can be expressed as a choice among three unfavourable options, one of which must be chosen, or as a choice among three favourable options, only two of which are possible at the same time. The term derives from the much older term dilemma, a choice between two or more difficult or unfavourable alternatives. The earliest recorded use of the term was by the British preacher Philip Henry in 1672, and later, apparently independently, by the preacher Isaac Watts in 1725. == In religion == === Epicurus' trilemma === One of the earliest uses of the trilemma formulation is that of the Greek philosopher Epicurus, rejecting the idea of an omnipotent and omnibenevolent God (as summarised by David Hume): If God is unable to prevent evil, then he is not all-powerful. If God is not willing to prevent evil, then he is not all-good. If God is both willing and able to prevent evil, then why does evil exist? Although traditionally ascribed to Epicurus and called Epicurus' trilemma, it has been suggested that it may actually be the work of an early skeptic writer, possibly Carneades. In studies of philosophy, discussions, and debates related to this trilemma are often referred to as being about the problem of evil. === Apologetic trilemma === One well-known trilemma is sometimes used by Christian apologists as a proof of the divinity of Jesus, and is most commonly known in the version by C. S. Lewis. It proceeds from the premise that Jesus claimed to be God, and that therefore one of the following must be true: Lunatic: Jesus was not God, but he mistakenly
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{"page_id": 488382, "title": "Trilemma"}
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saved and encrypted when a VM exit event (#VMEXIT) occurs. This state is decrypted and restored on a VMRUN only. Second, certain types of #VMEXIT events cause a new exception to be taken within the guest VM. This new exception (#VC, see Section 15.35.5) indicates that the guest VM performed some action which requires hypervisor involvement, an example of which would be an I/O access by the VM. The guest #VC handler is responsible for determining what register state is necessary to expose to the hypervisor for the purpose of emulating this operation. The #VC handler also inspects the returned values from the hypervisor and updates the guest state if the output is deemed acceptable. [AMD Public Use] Secure Virtual Machine 596 24593—Rev. 3.42—March 2024 AMD64 Technology Register state that needs to be exposed utilizes a new structure called the Guest-Hypervisor Communication Block (GHCB). The GHCB location is chosen by the guest who maps the page as a shared memory page, thus allowing direct hypervisor access. Only state located in the GHCB can be read by the hypervisor as all state stored in the traditional VMCB save state structure is encrypted using the guest memory encryption key and integrity protected. In the #VC handler, the guest may utilize a new instruction (Section 15.35.6) to perform a world switch and invoke the hypervisor. In response to this, the hypervisor can inspect the GHCB and determine the services requested by the guest. 15.35.4 Types of Exits When SEV-ES is enabled, all #VMEXIT events are classified as either Automatic Exits (AE) or Non-Automatic Exits (NAE). AE events are generally events that occur asynchronously with respect to the guest execution (e.g. interrupts) or events that need not involve exposing any guest register state. All other #VMEXIT events are classified as NAE events, and with
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{"source": 76, "title": "from dpo"}
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multiplied by b4b3b2b1b0 . Part (a) shows the block diagram, (b) shows the inputs to the array, and (c) expands the array to show all the adders. J-50 ■ Appendix J Computer Arithmetic (a). The picture is “twisted ” so that bits of the same significance are in the same column. In an actual implementation, the array would most likely be laid out as a square instead. The array multiplier in Figure J.27 performs the same number of additions as the design in Figure J.24, so its latency is not dramatically different from that of a single carry-save adder. However, with the hardware in Figure J.27, multiplication can be pipelined, increasing the total throughput. On the other hand, although this level of pipelining is sometimes used in array processors, it is not used in any of the single-chip, floating-point accelerators discussed in Section J.10. Pipelining is dis-cussed in general in Appendix C and by Kogge in the context of multipliers. Sometimes the space budgeted on a chip for arithmetic may not hold an array large enough to multiply two double-precision numbers. In this case, a popular design is to use a two-pass arrangement such as the one shown in Figure J.28. The first pass through the array “retires ” 5 bits of B. Then the result of this first pass is fed back into the top to be combined with the next three summands. The result of this second pass is then fed into a CPA. This design, however, loses the ability to be pipelined. If arrays require as many addition steps as the much cheaper arrangements in Figures J.2 and J.24, why are they so popular? First of all, using an array has a smaller latency than using a single adder —because the array is a combinational circuit,
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{"source": 2300, "title": "from dpo"}
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few hits Simple Boolean vs. Ranking of result set Simple Boolean retrieval returns matching documents in no particular order. Google (and most well designed Boolean engines) rank the result set – they rank good hits (according to some estimator of relevance) higher than bad hits. > Sojka, IIR Group: PV211: Boolean Retrieval 22 / 77 Introduction History Boolean model Inverted index Processing Boolean queries Query optimization Cours Unstructured data in 1650: Shakespeare Sojka, IIR Group: PV211: Boolean Retrieval 24 / 77 Introduction History Boolean model Inverted index Processing Boolean queries Query optimization Cours Unstructured data in 1650 Which plays of Shakespeare contain the words Brutus and Caesar , but not Calpurnia ? One could grep all of Shakespeare’s plays for Brutus and Caesar , then strip out lines containing Calpurnia . Why is grep not the solution? Slow (for large collections) grep is line-oriented, IR is document-oriented “not Calpurnia ” is non-trivial Other operations (e.g., find the word Romans near countryman ) not feasible Ranked retrieval (best documents to return) – focus of later lectures, but not this one > Sojka, IIR Group: PV211: Boolean Retrieval 25 / 77 Introduction History Boolean model Inverted index Processing Boolean queries Query optimization Cours Term-document incidence matrix Anthony Julius The Hamlet Othello Macbeth . . . and Caesar Tempest Cleopatra Anthony 1 1 0 0 0 1 Brutus 1 1 0 1 0 0 Caesar 1 1 0 1 1 1 Calpurnia 0 1 0 0 0 0 Cleopatra 1 0 0 0 0 0 mercy 1 0 1 1 1 1 worser 1 0 1 1 1 0. . . Entry is 1 if term occurs. Example: Calpurnia occurs in Julius Caesar .Entry is 0 if term doesn’t occur. Example: Calpurnia doesn’t occur in The tempest . > Sojka, IIR Group: PV211:
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{"source": 4920, "title": "from dpo"}
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the constants. Let Pi = Char(rJ, which has highest weight Wi' and suppose the coefficient of e(w i ) is 1. Since any weight 2 E 11' n A can be uniquely expressed in the form 2 = L miwi, for some non-negative integers m i , and the highest weight of n(PJm, is L miwi, it follows that the monomials n(Pit' in PI' ... , Pn form an additive basis for l[A]nI. This says precisely that l[P I , . .. , Pn ] = l[A]nI, and completes the proof. 0Let us work this out concretely for each of our cases sIn+! C, sPnC, S02n+1 C, and s02nC. Each lattice A contains weights we have called L" ... , Ln; in the first case we also have Ln+1 with LI + . .. + Ln+! = O. We set §23.2. Representation Rings and Characters 377 > Xj = e(LJ, (23.25) Note that in case L l , ..• , L. is a basis for A, then Z[A] = Z[x l , . . . , x., xli, ... , X,; 1] = Z[x l , ... , x., (Xl· ... · x.f l] as a subring of the field Q (x l' ... , x.). (A.) For 51.+1C, fundamental weights are L l , L1 + L2, L1 + L2 + L 3 , ..• , L1 + ... + L., corresponding to the irreducible representations V, N V, ... , N V, with V = C·+ 1 the standard representation. The character of N V is Le((X), the sum over all (X that are sums of k different LJor 1 ::;; i ::;; n + 1. So Char(N V) = A k , where Ak is the kth elementary symmetric function of Xl' ... , X.+ l .
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{"source": 6137, "title": "from dpo"}
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process, the mechanism for the transformation of the energy of the SW, attenuation of the SW, and the formation of the structure, and experiments on the analysis of the attenuation of waves in bubble screens with different acoustic properties were begun by pioneer works of Soviet scientist prof.V.F. Minin at the Institute of Hydrodynamics (Novosibirsk, Russia) in 1957–1960, who examined also the first convenient model of a screen - a sequence of alternating flat one-dimensional liquid and gas layers. In an experimental investigations of the dynamics of the form of pulsating gaseous cavities and interaction of SW with bubble clouds in 1957–1960 V.F. Minin discovered that under the action of SW a bubble collapses asymmetrically with the formation of a cumulative jet, which forms in the process of collapse and causes fragmentation of the bubble. == See also == Cavitation number – Concept in fluid mechanics Cavitation modelling – Type of computational fluid dynamic Erosion corrosion of copper water tubes – Effect of corrosion and erosion by water Rayleigh-Plesset equation – Ordinary differential equationPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Sonoluminescence – Light emissions from collapsing, sound-induced bubbles Supercavitation – Use of a cavitation bubble to reduce skin friction drag on a submerged object Supercavitating propeller – Marine propeller designed to operate with a full cavitation bubble Water hammer – Pressure surge when a fluid is forced to stop or change direction suddenlyPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Water tunnel (hydrodynamic) – Tool used to investigate the movement of water Ultrasonic cavitation device – Surgical device using ultrasound to break up tissues == References == == Further reading == For cavitation in plants, see Plant Physiology by Taiz and Zeiger. For cavitation in the engineering field, visit Cavitation corrosion Kornfelt, M. (1944). "On the destructive action of cavitation". Journal
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{"page_id": 7807, "title": "Cavitation"}
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the Oklo mine in Gabon, Africa, collectively known as the Oklo Fossil Reactors. The ore deposit is 1.7 billion years old; then, uranium-235 constituted about 3% of uranium on Earth. This is high enough to permit a sustained chain reaction, if other supporting conditions exist. The capacity of the surrounding sediment to contain the health-threatening nuclear waste products has been cited by the U.S. federal government as supporting evidence for the feasibility to store spent nuclear fuel at the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository. === Contamination and the Cold War legacy === Above-ground nuclear tests by the Soviet Union and the United States in the 1950s and early 1960s and by France into the 1970s and 1980s spread a significant amount of fallout from uranium daughter isotopes around the world. Additional fallout and pollution occurred from several nuclear accidents. Uranium miners have a higher incidence of cancer. An excess risk of lung cancer among Navajo uranium miners, for example, has been documented and linked to their occupation. The Radiation Exposure Compensation Act, a 1990 law in the US, required $100,000 in "compassion payments" to uranium miners diagnosed with cancer or other respiratory ailments. During the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, huge stockpiles of uranium were amassed and tens of thousands of nuclear weapons were created using enriched uranium and plutonium made from uranium. After the break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991, an estimated 600 short tons (540 metric tons) of highly enriched weapons grade uranium (enough to make 40,000 nuclear warheads) had been stored in often inadequately guarded facilities in the Russian Federation and several other former Soviet states. Police in Asia, Europe, and South America on at least 16 occasions from 1993 to 2005 have intercepted shipments of smuggled bomb-grade uranium or plutonium,
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{"page_id": 31743, "title": "Uranium"}
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this mechanism allows the cell to harness RNA-binding proteins, which make up one of the largest classes within the mammalian proteome, and integrate their function in transcriptional programs. Nascent long ncRNAs have been shown to increase the activity of CREB binding protein, which in turn increases the transcription of that ncRNA. A study found that a lncRNA in the antisense direction of the Apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) regulates the transcription of APOA1 through epigenetic modifications. Recent evidence has raised the possibility that transcription of genes that escape from X-inactivation might be mediated by expression of long non-coding RNA within the escaping chromosomal domains. ==== Regulating basal transcription machinery ==== NcRNAs also target general transcription factors required for the RNAP II transcription of all genes. These general factors include components of the initiation complex that assemble on promoters or involved in transcription elongation. A ncRNA transcribed from an upstream minor promoter of the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene forms a stable RNA-DNA triplex within the major promoter of DHFR to prevent the binding of the transcriptional co-factor TFIIB. This novel mechanism of regulating gene expression may represent a widespread method of controlling promoter usage, as thousands of RNA-DNA triplexes exist in eukaryotic chromosome. The U1 ncRNA can induce transcription by binding to and stimulating TFIIH to phosphorylate the C-terminal domain of RNAP II. In contrast the ncRNA 7SK is able to repress transcription elongation by, in combination with HEXIM1/2, forming an inactive complex that prevents PTEFb from phosphorylating the C-terminal domain of RNAP II, repressing global elongation under stressful conditions. These examples, which bypass specific modes of regulation at individual promoters provide a means of quickly affecting global changes in gene expression. The ability to quickly mediate global changes is also apparent in the rapid expression of non-coding repetitive sequences. The short interspersed
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{"page_id": 16770101, "title": "Long non-coding RNA"}
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11 Boötis is a giant star in the northern constellation of Boötes, located about 332 light years away from the Sun. It is near the lower limit of visibility to the naked eye, appearing as a dim, white-hued star with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.23. This body is moving closer to the Earth with a heliocentric radial velocity of −24 km/s. == Properties == It has a stellar classification of A7 III, matching an evolved A-type giant star. The star is 328 million years old with a projected rotational velocity of 123 km/s. It has 1.67 times the mass of the Sun and is radiating 64 times the Sun's luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 7,997 K. == References ==
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{"page_id": 2903747, "title": "11 Boötis"}
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The Rayner orogeny was a mountain building that thickened the early continental crust (the cratonic nucleus) of what is now East Antarctica 3.5 billion years ago. Rocks preserving the orogeny are found in the rough vicinity of the Scott Mountains between Enderby Land in the north and Kemp Land in the south. == See also == List of orogenies == References ==
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{"page_id": 62439166, "title": "Rayner orogeny"}
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The British Society for Geomorphology (BSG), incorporating the British Geomorphological Research Group (BGRG), is the professional organisation for British geomorphologists and provides a community and services for those involved in teaching or research in geomorphology, both in the UK and overseas. The society’s journal, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms is published by Wiley-Blackwell and online access is available free to members. The society is affiliated with the Royal Geographical Society as an affiliated research group and with the Geological Society of London as a specialist group. == Mission == The mission of the British Society for Geomorphology is to support scientific excellence in geomorphology through: fostering excellence and increased investment and support for geomorphology developing applied geomorphological research, having a major impact on environmental policy and practice and providing a public benefit disseminating new geomorphological research and policy agendas developing a new generation of geomorphologists equipped to address interdisciplinary challenges. == Annual General Meeting and Conference == The Annual Conference of the British Society for Geomorphology (BSG) is an international Open Conference. This Annual Meeting stimulates debate on new developments and advances in Geomorphology, and is a forum for emerging approaches to solve key challenges throughout pure and applied Geomorphology. The Annual Conference for 2025 will be held at the University of Leeds in 15-18 September. == Earth Surface Processes and Landforms == Earth Surface Processes and Landforms is the flagship international journal of the BSG, edited by Stuart Lane (Managing Editor) and five Associate Editors. The Journal publishes original research papers, Earth Surface Exchanges (shorter articles, commentaries, reviews and discussion papers) for rapid publication, technical communications and book reviews across all branches of geomorphology. In July 2017, the revised impact factor for the journal rose to 3.722 (articles published in 2017). == History == The BSG can trace its
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{"page_id": 23412639, "title": "British Society for Geomorphology"}
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2024. On August 9, 2024, Signal was blocked in Russia. Roskomnadzor claimed that this was due to "violations of the law on combating terrorism and extremism". Around the same, Signal was also blocked in Venezuela following the contested 2024 presidential election and subsequent protests. === Audience === ==== Use by activists ==== In 2020, the app was used for coordination and communication by protesters during the George Floyd protests as they relied on the app's end-to-end encryption to share information securely. In March 2021, the United Nations recommended Myanmar residents use Signal and Proton Mail to pass and preserve evidence of human rights violations committed during the 2021 coup. ==== Controversial use ==== Signal's terms of service states that the product may not be used to violate the law. According to a former employee, Signal's leadership at the time told him they would say something "if and when people start abusing Signal or doing things that we think are terrible". In January 2021, the position of Signal's leadership was to take a "hands-off approach to moderation" as the company's employees are not able to read user messages and the Signal Foundation does not "want to be a media company". In 2016, authorities in India arrested members of a suspected ISIS-affiliated terrorist cell that communicated via Signal. Radical right-wing militias and white nationalists use Signal for organizing their actions, including the Unite the Right II rally in 2018. The claim that Signal is used to fund terrorist or criminal activities is the justification for Turkey to criminalize the app for the general population, which Abdullah Bozkurt claims is a way the "government abuses its counterterrorism laws to punish critics, opponents and dissidents." ==== Use by Trump administration ==== In March 2025, it was revealed that senior members of the Trump administration—including
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{"page_id": 45210316, "title": "Signal (software)"}
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A Sparse graph code is a code which is represented by a sparse graph. Any linear code can be represented as a graph, where there are two sets of nodes - a set representing the transmitted bits and another set representing the constraints that the transmitted bits have to satisfy. The state of the art classical error-correcting codes are based on sparse graphs, achieving close to the Shannon limit. The archetypal sparse-graph codes are Gallager's low-density parity-check codes. == External links == The on-line textbook: Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms, by David J.C. MacKay, discusses sparse-graph codes in Chapters 47–50. Encyclopedia of Sparse Graph Codes Iterative Error Correction: Turbo, Low-Density Parity-Check, and Repeat-Cccumulate Codes
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{"page_id": 543288, "title": "Sparse graph code"}
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Conductive deafness-ptosis-skeletal anomalies syndrome, also known as Jackson Barr syndrome, is a rare presumably autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by conductive hearing loss associated with external auditory canal-middle ear atresia which aggravates during ear infections, ptosis, and skeletal anomalies which consist of clinodactyly of the fifth fingers, radial head dislocation and internal rotation of the hips). Additional findings include thin nose, hair growth delays, and teeth dysplasia. It has been described in two American sisters. == References ==
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{"page_id": 71504048, "title": "Conductive deafness-ptosis-skeletal anomalies syndrome"}
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In aerodynamics, the flight envelope, service envelope, or performance envelope of an aircraft or spacecraft refers to the capabilities of a design in terms of airspeed and load factor or atmospheric density, often simplified to altitude. The term is somewhat loosely applied, and can also refer to other measurements such as maneuverability. For example, when a plane is pushed, for instance by diving it at high speeds, it is said to be flown "outside the envelope", something considered rather dangerous. During vehicle test programs, flight envelope simply means that part of the aircraft or spacecraft's design capabilities that have already been successfully tested, and have therefore moved from theoretical or designed capability into a demonstrated/certified capability. Flight envelope is one of a number of related terms that are used in a similar fashion. It is perhaps the most common term because it is the oldest, first being used in the early days of test flight. It is closely related to more modern terms known as extra power and a doghouse plot which are different ways of describing the flight envelope of an aircraft. In addition, the term has been widened in scope outside the field of engineering, to refer to the strict limits in which an event will take place or more generally to the predictable behavior of a given phenomenon or situation, and hence, its "flight envelope". == Extra power == Extra power, or specific excess power, is a very basic method of determining an aircraft's flight envelope. It is easily calculated but as a downside does not tell very much about the actual performance of the aircraft at different altitudes. Choosing any particular set of parameters will generate the needed power for a particular aircraft for those conditions. For instance a Cessna 150 at 2,500-foot (760 m) altitude
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{"page_id": 2336592, "title": "Flight envelope"}
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ܿሻ ൌ 2 1 2 2 ൌ 34ܲ ݅݁݅ܽܶሺ | ܿሻ ൌܲ ݎܿܽܯሺ | ܿሻ ൌܲ ݄݄݅ܽ݃݊ܽܵሺ | ܿሻ ൌ 1 1 2 2 ൌ 12ܲ݊ܽܽܬሺ ݎܽܵሺ ൌ ሻ ܿ| | ܿሻ ൌܲ ܽ݇ܽݏܱሺ | ܿሻ ൌ 0 1 2 2 ൌ 14ܲ ሺܿ̅ ሻ ൌ 12ܲ݊ܽݓ݅ܽܶሺ |ܿ̅ ሻ ൌܲ ݊ܽܽܬሺ |ܿ̅ ሻ ൌܲ ܽ݇ܽݏܱሺ |ܿ̅ ሻ ൌ 1 1 2 2 ൌ 12ܲ ݎܽܵሺ |ܿ̅ ሻ ൌ 2 1 2 2 ൌ 34ܲ ݅݁݅ܽܶሺ |ܿ̅ ሻ ൌܲ ݎܿܽܯሺ |ܿ̅ ሻ ൌܲ ݄݄݅ܽ݃݊ܽܵሺ |ܿ̅ ሻ ൌ 0 1 2 2 ൌ 14 ሺivሻ ܲሺ5݀| ܿ ሻ ܿ|݊ܽݓ݅ܽܶሺሻ ܿሺ∝ ܿ|ݎܽܵሺሻ ܿ|ݎܿܽܯሺെ ሻ൫1 ܿ|݄݄݅ܽ݃݊ܽܵሺെ ሻ൯൫1 ሻ൯ ܿ|݅݁݅ܽܶሺെ ൫1 ܿ|݊ܽܽܬሺെ ሻ൯൫1 ܿ|ܽݐ݇ݏܱሺെ ሻ൯൫1 ሻ൯ ൌ 12 ∙ 34 ∙ 14 ∙ ሺ1 െ 12ሻ ∙ ൬1 െ 12൰ ∙ ൬1 െ 12൰ ∙ ൬1 െ 14൰ ∙ ൬1 െ 14൰ ൎ 0.0066 ܲሺܿ̅ |5݀ ሻ ݊ܽݓ݅ܽܶሺሻ ܿሺ∝ ݎܽܵሺሻ ̅ܿ| ̅ܿ|ݎܿܽܯሺെ ̅ ሻ൫1ܿ| ̅ܿ|݄݄݅ܽ݃݊ܽܵሺെ ሻ൯൫1 ሻ൯ ̅ܿ|݅݁݅ܽܶሺെ ൫1 ݊ܽܽܬሺെ ሻ൯൫1 ܽ݇ܽݏܱሺെ ̅ ሻ൯൫1ܿ| |ܿ̅ ሻ൯ ൌ 12 ∙ 12 ∙ 34 ∙ ሺ1 െ 14ሻ ∙ ሺ1 െ 14ሻ ∙ ሺ1 െ 14ሻ ∙ ሺ1 െ 12ሻ ∙ ሺ1 െ 12ሻ ൎ 0.0198 So document 5 is not in Class China. Exercise 14.2 (0.5’) Show that Rocchio classification can assign a label to a document that is different from its training set label. Solution: BAC Take the above picture as an example. There are 2 classes in the plane, with the left one being much bigger than the right one. Then a large part of the left circle will be misclassified like the point C. C is a document belonging to the A class in the training set, but it is closer to B than A. So it will be labeled as
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{"source": 2680, "title": "from dpo"}
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≤ 𝑝 . Note that both 𝑈 and 𝑉 are in 𝐹 1 ( 𝑘 ) and 𝐹 2 ( 𝑘 ) . Thus, the same argument used in the proof of Theorem 6.2 implies that 𝑚 ( 𝜖 , 𝛩 ) ≥ 𝜖 . For banded covariance matrices, we can use a construction from the proof of Theorem 3 in Cai et al. to obtain a lower bound on 𝑀 ( 0 ) . For given positive integers 𝑘 and 𝑚 with 2 𝑘 0 to be specified later, we define the following collection of 2 𝑘 covariance matrices: 𝐹 11 = { 𝛴 ( 𝜃 ) : 𝛴 ( 𝜃 ) = 𝐼 𝑝 + 𝛾 ∑ 𝑚 = 1 𝑘 𝜃 𝑚 𝐵 ( 𝑚 , 𝑘 ) , 𝜃 = ( 𝜃 𝑚 ) ∈ { 0 , 1 } 𝑘 } . Assouad’s lemma can be used to obtain a minimax lower bound over this parameter space. Let 𝑋 𝑖 ∼ 𝑖 . 𝑖 . 𝑑 . 𝑁 ( 0 , 𝛴 ( 𝜃 ) ) with 𝛴 ( 𝜃 ) ∈ 𝐹 11 . By Assouad’s lemma, we obtain a lower bound of the form min 𝐻 ( 𝜃 , 𝜃 ′ ) ≥ 1 ‖ 𝛴 ( 𝜃 ) − 𝛴 ( 𝜃 ′ ) ‖ 2 2 𝐻 (
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{"source": 2808, "title": "from dpo"}
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4-H club made care packages for departing servicemen and hosted a community discussion entitled “What Can We Do to Win the War?” The Moton school office put war stamps on sale, each purchase a small offset against the gargantuan cost of the military production. The community held going-away parties and prepared feasts for the young men heading off to the front. Dorothy updated her classes with a unit called Wartime Mathematics, teaching students to apply arithmetic operations to household budgeting and wartime ration books and updating classic word problems with airplanes instead of cars. Sometimes, it seemed as if Dorothy had never been without Farmville or Farmville without her. The town had embraced her with the warmth accorded a native daughter; she had called it home longer than any other place she’d lived in in her thirty-two years. Her life, however, was a model of America’s great love affair with mobility, in every sense. In moments of deepest reflection, as she waited for a response to her application for the job in Hampton, Dorothy might have detected the quickening of something beyond the pragmatic hope for economic advancement, the reigniting of restless embers long quiet in the twelve years since she had come to Farmville. Paper resolve was one thing, the messiness of real life another. She was no longer a single student with an itinerant soul but a wife and mother of four children. The job at Langley was a full-time position and required a six-day workweek at an office too far away to come home on weekends, as she had done during the summer at Camp Pickett. And yet, when the half-forgotten, hoped-for letter finally arrived, she had already made up her mind. Once Dorothy made up her mind, no one—not her husband, not her in-laws, not the
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{"source": 5205, "title": "from dpo"}
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here (only the sole author or co-authors explicitly mentioned on the proposal will receive credit): Have you joined the Uniswap Gov Workshop Before? If so, when? (If you joined several times, you can just note as period like “From January 2024 to July 2024”): Have you joined the Uniswap Community Call Before? If so, when? (If you joined several times, you can just note as period like “From January 2024 to July 2024”): 41 posts - 25 participants Read full topic blockchain into its platform. As many of you are aware, TON is a rapidly growing blockchain that was originally developed by the Telegram team and has since evolved into a highly scalable and efficient network with a vibrant ecosystem. Why TON? **Expanding the Uniswap Ecosystem**: By supporting TON, Uniswap could tap into a new and growing user base that is already active on the TON network. This could lead to increased liquidity, more diverse trading pairs, and greater overall utility for Uniswap. This could greatly benefit Uniswap users, especially as DeFi continues to grow in popularity and transaction volumes increase. **Community Synergy**: The TON community is known for its strong developer base and active participation. By supporting TON, Uniswap could foster new collaborations and innovations within the DeFi space. I would like to hear the your thoughts on this proposal. 3 posts - 3 participants [Read full topic]( Delegation Pitch Argonaut Delegate Platform * * * * * * []( Delegate Platform ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **Delegate Name:** Argonaut **Forum:** Argonaut **Delegate Address:** 0x21b3B193B71680E2fAfe40768C03a0Fd305EFa75 **Twitter Profile: [Argonaut]( **Languages:** English, Spanish **Our Voting History:**[Boardroom]( []( Us:** ------------------------------------------------------------ Argonaut is
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{"source": 6413, "title": "from dpo"}
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The Algiers Observatory was built in the late 19th century in the Algiers suburb of Bouzaréah, Algeria, North Africa. It participated in the Astrographic Catalogue project, taking the zone between -2 and +4 degrees to expose 1,260 plates between the years 1891 and 1911. At the tail end of that time, the director of the installation was François Gonnessiat. It is now known as the Centre de Recherche en Astronomie Astrophysique et Géophysique (CRAAG), where it combines astronomy with work in astrophysics, and geophysical research, including the monitoring of earthquakes. == Astronomers == Astronomers who worked at the observatory include: Alfred Schmitt Benjamin Jekhowsky Frédéric Sy Guy Reiss Joanny-Philippe Lagrula Louis Boyer Odette Bancilhon == See also == List of astronomical observatories List of astronomical societies Lists of telescopes == References == == External links == CRAAG official website (in French)
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{"page_id": 18431966, "title": "Center of Research in Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Geophysics"}
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tumor suppressor genes by demethylating densely hypermethylated CpG-enriched DNA. For human liver cancer cells, procaine is capable of reducing tumor volume by suppressing the cell viability of HLE, HuH7, and HuH6 cells, and it has shown effective inhibition of S/G2/M transition in HLE cells. == See also == DNA methylation DNA demethylation == References ==
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{"page_id": 16818152, "title": "Demethylating agent"}
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described as an early mechanical analog computer by British physicist, information scientist, and historian of science Derek J. de Solla Price. It was discovered in 1901, in the Antikythera wreck off the Greek island of Antikythera, between Kythera and Crete, and has been dated to c. 150~100 BC, during the Hellenistic period. Devices of a level of complexity comparable to that of the Antikythera mechanism would not reappear until a thousand years later. Many mechanical aids to calculation and measurement were constructed for astronomical and navigation use. The planisphere was first described by Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD. The astrolabe was invented in the Hellenistic world in either the 1st or 2nd centuries BC and is often attributed to Hipparchus. A combination of the planisphere and dioptra, the astrolabe was effectively an analog computer capable of working out several different kinds of problems in spherical astronomy. The sector, a calculating instrument used for solving problems in proportion, trigonometry, multiplication and division, and for various functions, such as squares and cube roots, was developed in the late 16th century and found application in gunnery, surveying and navigation. The planimeter was a manual instrument to calculate the area of a closed figure by tracing over it with a mechanical linkage. The slide rule was invented around 1620–1630, shortly after the publication of the concept of the logarithm. It is a hand-operated analog computer for doing multiplication and division. As slide rule development progressed, added scales provided reciprocals, squares and square roots, cubes and cube roots, as well as transcendental functions such as logarithms and exponentials, circular and hyperbolic trigonometry and other functions. Aviation is one of the few fields where slide rules are still in widespread use, particularly for solving time–distance problems in light aircraft. In 1831–1835, mathematician and engineer Giovanni
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{"page_id": 2428, "title": "Analog computer"}
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and differentiate into myotubules that form muscle fibers. Mutations in homeobox genes such as Alx4, that direct the formation of body structures during early embryonic development cause exomphalos in mice. Mutations in the Insulin like growth factor-2 gene (IGF2) and its associated receptor gene IGF2R cause high levels of IGF-2 protein in humans which leads to exomphalos in the associated disease Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). IFG2R is responsible for degradation of excess IGF-2 protein. BWS disease is caused by a mutation in chromosome 11 at the locus where the IGF2 gene resides. Observance of the inheritance patterns of the associated anomalies through pedigrees show that exomphalos can be the result of autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked inheritance. === Environmental factors === It is not well known if actions of the mother could predispose or cause the disease. Alcohol use during the first trimester, heavy smoking, use of certain medications like the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and methimazole (anti-thyroid drug) during pregnancy, maternal febrile illness, IVF, parental consanguinity and obesity elevate the risk of a woman giving birth to a baby with exomphalos. Preventive methods that could be utilised by mothers include ingestion of a preconception multivitamin and supplementation with folic acid. Termination of pregnancy may be considered if a large exomphalos with associated congenital abnormalities is confirmed during prenatal diagnosis. == Diagnosis == === Related conditions === Gastroschisis is a similar birth defect, but in gastroschisis the umbilical cord is not involved and the intestinal protrusion is usually to the right of the midline. Parts of organs may be free in the amniotic fluid and not enclosed in a membranous (peritoneal) sac. Gastroschisis is less frequently associated with other defects than omphalocele. Omphaloceles occurs more frequently with increased maternal age. Other related syndromes are Shprintzen Goldberg, pentalogy of Cantrell, Beckwith–Wiedemann
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{"page_id": 815783, "title": "Omphalocele"}
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the foster home. Frank goes to the foster home and reconciles with Mary. He informs Evelyn that Diane had completed the Navier–Stokes problem, but left instructions for Frank not to publish the equation until after Evelyn's death, revealing Diane's deep resentment towards her mother. Frank offers Evelyn the opportunity to publish Diane's work if she drops her custody case, to which she reluctantly agrees. Mary is placed back in Frank's custody, living a normal public-school childhood while taking college-level courses in her spare time. == Cast == == Production == In December 2014, Tom Flynn's screenplay was one of the 70 to make that year's Black List. In August 2015, it was announced Chris Evans had been cast in the film, with Marc Webb directing. In September 2015, Mckenna Grace, Octavia Spencer, Lindsay Duncan and Jenny Slate joined the cast, and in November 2015, Julie Ann Emery was also added. Filming began in October 2015 in Savannah, Georgia, as well as in Tybee Island, Georgia, and finished in November 2015. Specific locations included May Howard Elementary School in Wilmington Island, Georgia and Emory University in Atlanta. Although the film is set in St. Petersburg, Florida, screenwriter Tom Flynn was unable to convince the producers to film in Florida, because the state was no longer providing financial incentives to movie makers; that made Georgia a more financially viable option. Mathematician Jordan Ellenberg, who was himself a child prodigy, was a mathematics consultant for the film; Webb contacted him after reading his article in The Wall Street Journal and asked him to share his experiences. Ellenberg also cameos as a professor lecturing on the partition function and Ramanujan's congruences. == Release == The film was scheduled to be released on April 12, 2017, but was pushed up to April 7, 2017. ==
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{"page_id": 47769616, "title": "Gifted (2017 film)"}
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be used as metal ion/plasma source for Ion implantation and Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition (PIII&D). == See also == Ion beam deposition Physical vapor deposition == References == SVC "51st Annual Technical Conference Proceedings" (2008) Society of Vacuum Coaters, ISSN 0737-5921 (previous proceedings available on CD from SVC Publications) A. Anders, "Cathodic Arcs: From Fractal Spots to Energetic Condensation" (2008) Springer, New York. R. L. Boxman, D. M. Sanders, and P. J. Martin (editors) "Handbook of Vacuum Arc Science and Technology"(1995) Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, N.J. Brown, I.G., Annu. Rev. Mat. Sci. 28, 243 (1998). Sablev et al., US Patent #3,783,231, 01 Jan. 1974 Sablev et al., US Patent #3,793,179, 19 Feb. 1974 D. A. Karpov, "Cathodic arc sources and macroparticle filtering", Surface and Coatings technology 96 (1997) 22-23 S. Surinphong, "Basic Knowledge about PVD Systems and Coatings for Tools Coating" (1998), in Thai language A. I. Morozov, Reports of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 163 (1965) 1363, in Russian language I. I. Aksenov, V. A. Belous, V. G. Padalka, V. M. Khoroshikh, "Transport of plasma streams in a curvilinear plasma-optics system", Soviet Journal of Plasma Physics, 4 (1978) 425 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273004395_Arc_source_designs https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234202890_Transport_of_plasma_streams_in_a_curvilinear_plasma-optics_system
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{"page_id": 2978332, "title": "Cathodic arc deposition"}
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to hold down F2 and record a message for a maximum of 15 seconds and send it to the recipient. The window for conversations was changed slightly with an added video button. This version also introduced the Windows Installer for its auto-update feature. === Windows Live Messenger 8.0–8.5 (2005–2009) === As part of Microsoft's Windows Live effort, which rebranded many existing MSN services and programs, MSN Messenger was renamed "Windows Live Messenger" beginning with version 8.0. The first beta of the newly renamed Windows Live Messenger, Beta 1, was released on December 13, 2005. Major changes and additions included offline messaging, an option to change the color theme of the windows, separated send and search boxes, a word wheel search box in the main window, and additional details for contacts when hovering over their names in the contact list window. The second beta of version 8.0, Beta 2, was released on February 26, 2006. The overall theme of this version was improved, fixing and improving several smaller places in the program. Major changes and additions included the introduction of Windows Live Contacts, the reintroduction of single file transfer, improvements to the "Add a Contact" dialog box, improved color themes, minor changes in the conversation window, and revert of the "Busy" status icon back to the normal dash icon and a redesign of the log in page. The final beta version, Beta 3, was released on May 2, 2006. Major changes and additions included new icons for the program, PC-to-phone calling, an updated look for the Windows Live Call window, a new default display picture, the Windows Live Today window, improvements to the grouping of sequential messages from each contact, Rhapsody integration in the US, and an option for sounds to be edited and/or turned off and another redesign of the
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{"page_id": 19011063, "title": "MSN Messenger"}
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seawater can be used to drive the cooling process, without contaminating the food. This is useful in arid locations near the ocean where drinkable water is a limited commodity, and can be accomplished by using a pot that has waterproof glaze or cement applied to the inner wall where the food is stored. Extended operation is possible if the pots are able to draw water from a storage container, such as an inverted airtight jar, or if the pots are placed in a shallow pool of water. A strap can be used to tie the inner pot down instead of using sand to prevent it from floating. == Operating conditions == Several key considerations are important for determining if an evaporative cooling device will provide effective cooling and storage. ECCs (evaporative cooling chambers) and clay pot coolers provide the most benefits when they are used in low humidity climates (less than 40% relative humidity), the temperature is relatively high (maximum daily temperature higher than 25 °C), water is available to add to the device between one and three times per day, and the device can be located in a shady and well-ventilated area. If any of these key criteria cannot be met at the time when improved vegetable storage is needed, then ECCs or clay pot coolers may not provide sufficient benefits to justify their use. == Effectiveness == The effectiveness of evaporative cooling varies with the temperature, humidity and airflow. Given a constant flow of cool dry air, evaporative cooling can achieve temperatures as low as the wet-bulb temperature, the 100% humidity condition at the given temperature. Documented tables show the minimum temperature that can be achieved at different starting temperatures and percent humidities. To determine the effectiveness of evaporative cooling chambers for specific uses it is helpful to
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{"page_id": 4168346, "title": "Pot-in-pot refrigerator"}
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analysis of digital modulation schemes. The two quotients are related to each other according to the following: E s N 0 = E b N 0 log 2 ( M ) {\displaystyle {\frac {E_{\text{s}}}{N_{0}}}={\frac {E_{\text{b}}}{N_{0}}}\log _{2}(M)} where M is the number of alternative modulation symbols, e.g. M = 4 {\displaystyle M=4} for QPSK and M = 8 {\displaystyle M=8} for 8PSK. This is the energy per bit, not the energy per information bit. E s / N 0 {\displaystyle E_{s}/N_{0}} can further be expressed as: E s N 0 = C N B f s {\displaystyle {\frac {E_{\text{s}}}{N_{0}}}={\frac {C}{N}}{\frac {B}{f_{\text{s}}}}} where C N {\displaystyle {\frac {C}{N}}} is the carrier-to-noise ratio or signal-to-noise ratio, B is the channel bandwidth in hertz, and f s {\displaystyle f_{s}} is the symbol rate in baud or symbols per second. == Shannon limit == The Shannon–Hartley theorem says that the limit of reliable information rate (data rate exclusive of error-correcting codes) of a channel depends on bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio according to: I < B log 2 ( 1 + S N ) {\displaystyle I<B\log _{2}\left(1+{\frac {S}{N}}\right)} where I is the information rate in bits per second excluding error-correcting codes, B is the bandwidth of the channel in hertz, S is the total signal power (equivalent to the carrier power C), and N is the total noise power in the bandwidth. This equation can be used to establish a bound on E b / N 0 {\displaystyle E_{b}/N_{0}} for any system that achieves reliable communication, by considering a gross bit rate R equal to the net bit rate I and therefore an average energy per bit of E b = S / R {\displaystyle E_{b}=S/R} , with noise spectral density of N 0 = N / B {\displaystyle N_{0}=N/B} . For this calculation,
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{"page_id": 1786306, "title": "Eb/N0"}
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adj ( A ) d A ) . ◻ {\displaystyle d(\det(A))=\sum _{i}\sum _{j}\operatorname {adj} ^{\rm {T}}(A)_{ij}\,dA_{ij}=\sum _{j}\sum _{i}\operatorname {adj} (A)_{ji}\,dA_{ij}=\sum _{j}(\operatorname {adj} (A)\,dA)_{jj}=\operatorname {tr} (\operatorname {adj} (A)\,dA).\ \square } === Via chain rule === Lemma 1. det ′ ( I ) = t r {\displaystyle \det '(I)=\mathrm {tr} } , where det ′ {\displaystyle \det '} is the differential of det {\displaystyle \det } . This equation means that the differential of det {\displaystyle \det } , evaluated at the identity matrix, is equal to the trace. The differential det ′ ( I ) {\displaystyle \det '(I)} is a linear operator that maps an n × n matrix to a real number. Proof. Using the definition of a directional derivative together with one of its basic properties for differentiable functions, we have det ′ ( I ) ( T ) = ∇ T det ( I ) = lim ε → 0 det ( I + ε T ) − det I ε {\displaystyle \det '(I)(T)=\nabla _{T}\det(I)=\lim _{\varepsilon \to 0}{\frac {\det(I+\varepsilon T)-\det I}{\varepsilon }}} det ( I + ε T ) {\displaystyle \det(I+\varepsilon T)} is a polynomial in ε {\displaystyle \varepsilon } of order n. It is closely related to the characteristic polynomial of T {\displaystyle T} . The constant term in that polynomial (the term with ε = 0 {\displaystyle \varepsilon =0} ) is 1, while the linear term in ε {\displaystyle \varepsilon } is t r T {\displaystyle \mathrm {tr} \ T} . Lemma 2. For an invertible matrix A, we have: det ′ ( A ) ( T ) = det A t r ( A − 1 T ) {\displaystyle \det '(A)(T)=\det A\;\mathrm {tr} (A^{-1}T)} . Proof. Consider the following function of X: det X = det ( A A − 1 X ) =
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{"page_id": 2350347, "title": "Jacobi's formula"}
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(D) of the esophagus should occur after initial stabilization, ideally within 24 h. Esophagectomy (A) is reserved for extreme cases with large perforation or wherein primary repair will cause stricture. ##### 15. Answer B EUS is performed as it assists with TNM staging. EUS has been proven to provide more accurate assessment of tumor size, depth, and locoregional lymph node involvement compared to radiographic imaging. The next step is to perform a CT scan of the abdomen to look for distant metastasis and confirm that the patient is a surgical candidate. CT scanning will rule out liver metastasis as well as distant suspicious lymph nodes that were missed on EUS, either of which would preclude a curative resection. Though not the standard of care, PET scan (C) is emerging as an accurate modality for detecting small metastases and lymph node involvement. The management of gastric adenocarcinoma is dependent on the staging of the tumor. Surgery with gastric resection (A) is the only curative therapy to date for gastric cancer. Laparoscopy (D) is sometimes utilized to look for peritoneal or omental metastasis which would preclude curative gastrectomy. Gastric cancer that is more advanced than stage IB should be considered for a multi-therapeutic approach with chemotherapy (E). ##### 16. Answer B Eradication may be confirmed by a urea breath test, fecal antigen test (D), or upper endoscopy performed 4 weeks or more after completion of therapy. Typically, noninvasive methods should be performed except in cases when a follow-up endoscopy is indicated (e.g., gastric cancer, preneoplastic lesions, MALT lymphoma). Blood antibody test (C) is unable to confirm eradication as IgG levels will remain elevated after the acute infection is resolved. Clinical resolution (E) of symptoms is inappropriate in confirming eradication of _H. pylori_, particularly in the setting of gastric cancer. ### Urology [Areg
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{"source": 1498, "title": "from dpo"}
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Cocoa-Chocolate Supply Chain Educational Board Game Design Impacts of land-atmosphere interactions on regional convection and rainfall Linear complexity direct finite element element solvers for general electromagnetic forward analysis and inverse design Overcoming fundamental barriers in photovoltaic and terahertz generation Optical nano-apertures for near and far field applications Native chromatin extraction and its structure analysis Effect of strontium in soldering resistance Probing the Mechanism of Bacillus subtilis Oxalate Decarboxylase Parallel hybrid sparse linear system solvers with applications Dynamic textures Dissertations & Theses from 2014 -------------------------------- **Aagard, Hans Peter** (2014) The effects of a humorous instructional video on motivation and learning Writing, politics, and agnotology: Maintaining the institutional viability of composition studies in an age of reform Precipitation of poorly soluble pharmaceutical compounds in the human gastrointestinal tract Dissecting the function of Ack family kinases in Drosophila through understanding their interactions with Dock and Cdc42 Maximizing communication performance via automatic optimization of thread mapping and communication routing Landscape genetics, phylogeography, and demographic history of a pollinator longhorn beetle (Typocerus v. velutinus) Motion style retargeting Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on skeletal and cognitive phenotypes in a Down Syndrome mouse model Is maternal touch used referentially? Susceptibility of parkinson's disease following mild blast traumatic brain injury [The impact of internalized stigma, patient activation, autonomy preference, and illness self-management on intensive service use among individuals with schizophrenia]( **Adams, Thomas
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{"source": 3879, "title": "from dpo"}
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output of running the concurrent code Figure 3.1. The problem with non-determinism Figure 3.1(c) shows the output of running Figure 3.1(b) through Harmony. Underneath the line, there is a summary of what happened in one of its executions. First, the initialization thread (T0) runs and sets the global variable x to True. Then, the thread running g() runs to completion, setting x to False. Finally, the thread running f() runs, and the assertion fails. Figure 3.2 presents Harmony programs that illustrates non-atomicity. Again, the program on the left is sequential and the program on the right is concurrent. The Harmony finally statement is similar to an assert statement, except that the predicate is checked after all threads have terminated. Method f() increments variable x, which is initialized to 0. This time non-determinism does not play a role. Since f() is invoked twice, one might expect that x = 2 at the end of the execution of both programs. However, running the concurrent program through Harmony shows that this is not necessarily the case. x = 0 def f(): x += 1 f() f() finally x == 2 Copy x = 0 def f(): x += 1 spawn f() spawn f() finally x == 2 Copy (a) [code/prog3.hny] Sequential (b) [code/prog4.hny] Concurrent Summary: something went wrong in an execution Here is a summary of an execution that exhibits the issue: Schedule thread T0: init() Line 1: Initialize x to 0 Thread terminated Schedule thread T1: f() Preempted in f() about to store 1 into x in line 3 Schedule thread T2: f() Line 3: Set x to 1 (was 0) Thread terminated Schedule thread T1: f() Line 3: Set x to 1 (unchanged) Thread terminated Schedule thread T3: finally() Line 8: Harmony assertion failed (c) The output of running the concurrent
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{"source": 5812, "title": "from dpo"}
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Tryptic soy-serum-bacitracin-vancomycin (TSBV) is a type of agar plate medium used in microbiological testing to select for Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. a.). It was described by Jørgen Slots in 1982, who also discovered the role of A.a. in periodontitis. Per litre, TSBV contains: 40 g tryptic soy agar 1 g yeast extract 100 mL horse serum 75 mg bacitracin 5 mg vancomycin == References ==
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{"page_id": 26214730, "title": "Tryptic soy-serum-bacitracin-vancomycin"}
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him to the latest developments in time technology, which would have guided him in his thoughts towards understanding the relativity of simultaneity.: 243–263 However, all of the above is supposition. In later recollections, when Einstein was asked about what inspired him to develop special relativity, he would mention his riding a light beam and his magnet and conductor thought experiments. He would also mention the importance of the Fizeau experiment and the observation of stellar aberration. "They were enough", he said. He never mentioned thought experiments about clocks and their synchronization. The routine analyses of the Fizeau experiment and of stellar aberration, that treat light as Newtonian corpuscles, do not require relativity. But problems arise if one considers light as waves traveling through an aether, which are resolved by applying the relativity of simultaneity. It is entirely possible, therefore, that Einstein arrived at special relativity through a different path than that commonly assumed, through Einstein's examination of Fizeau's experiment and stellar aberration. We therefore do not know just how important clock synchronization and the train and embankment thought experiment were to Einstein's development of the concept of the relativity of simultaneity. We do know, however, that the train and embankment thought experiment was the preferred means whereby he chose to teach this concept to the general public.: 29–31 === Relativistic center-of-mass theorem === Einstein proposed the equivalence of mass and energy in his final Annus Mirabilis paper. Over the next several decades, the understanding of energy and its relationship with momentum were further developed by Einstein and other physicists including Max Planck, Gilbert N. Lewis, Richard C. Tolman, Max von Laue (who in 1911 gave a comprehensive proof of M0 = E0/c2 from the stress–energy tensor), and Paul Dirac (whose investigations of negative solutions in his 1928 formulation of the
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{"page_id": 57264039, "title": "Einstein's thought experiments"}
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MoFEM (Mesh Orientated Finite Element Method) is an open source finite element analysis code developed and maintained at the University of Glasgow. MoFEM is tailored for the solution of multi-physics problems with arbitrary levels of approximation, different levels of mesh refinement and optimised for high-performance computing. MoFEM is the blend of the Boost (C++ libraries) MultiIndex containers, MOAB (Mesh Oriented Database) and PETSc (Portable, Extensible Toolkit for Scientific Computation). MoFEM is developed in C++ and it is open-source software under the GNU Lesser General Public License (GPL). == Motivation == Building a scientific simulation environment for finite element methods is a complicated task. The longest part of finite element code development is in dealing with technical problems related to software implementation, rather than resolving the underlying physics that the code is intended to tackle. The demand for accurate solutions of increasingly complicated real-world problems means that the underlying data structures also become increasingly complicated. This is particularly evident with multi-physics, hp-adaptivity, and/or evolving geometries (e.g. crack propagation). Established commercial software is often limited in this respect, or can be relatively slow to adopt new innovations. Working around these problems has been the main motivation for the development of MoFEM, recognising that it is increasingly necessary for engineers, scientists and mathematicians to carry out calculations using several mesh refinements, different approximation orders, multiple degrees of freedom and/or different scales. == History == MoFEM evolved from YAFEMS (2008), a general and open source finite element code developed at the University of Glasgow. In 2013 YAFEMS was re-written from scratch and named MoFEM. MoFEM was initiated by two projects. EPSRC founded a project for Providing Confidence in Durable Composites (DURACOMP) in a consortium of three institutions: University of Warwick, University of Glasgow, Newcastle University and several industrial partners. The second project was funded
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{"page_id": 41337449, "title": "MoFEM JosePH"}
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A production system (or production rule system) is a computer program typically used to provide some form of artificial intelligence, which consists primarily of a set of rules about behavior, but also includes the mechanism necessary to follow those rules as the system responds to states of the world. Those rules, termed productions, are a basic knowledge representation found useful in automated planning and scheduling, expert systems, and action selection. Productions consist of two parts: a sensory precondition (or "IF" statement) and an action ("THEN"). If a production's precondition matches the current state of the world, then the production is said to be triggered. If a production's action is executed, it has fired. A production system also contains a database, sometimes called working memory, which maintains data about the current state or knowledge, and a rule interpreter. The rule interpreter must provide a mechanism for prioritizing productions when more than one is triggered. == Basic operation == Rule interpreters generally execute a forward chaining algorithm for selecting productions to execute to meet current goals, which can include updating the system's data or beliefs. The condition portion of each rule (left-hand side or LHS) is tested against the current state of the working memory. In idealized or data-oriented production systems, there is an assumption that any triggered conditions should be executed: the consequent actions (right-hand side or RHS) will update the agent's knowledge, removing or adding data to the working memory. The system stops processing either when the user interrupts the forward chaining loop; when a given number of cycles have been performed; when a "halt" RHS is executed, or when no rules have LHSs that are true. Real-time and expert systems, in contrast, often have to choose between mutually exclusive productions—since actions take time, only one action can be taken,
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{"page_id": 3157457, "title": "Production system (computer science)"}
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area of the thalamus that is treated can be adjusted before ablation. Favorable responses have so far been reported in PD patients and essential tremor patients. === Complications === Some of the patients in Cuban studies developed complications from the surgery, including severe involuntary movements, but the symptoms abated (to the point where patients could tolerate them) after three to six months. Most common complications include a risk of stroke, confusion, and speech and/or visual problems. Although risks exist with unilateral subthalamotomy, they are greatly increased with bilateral subthalamotomy. === Studies === One study followed 89 patients with PD who were treated with unilateral subthalamotomy. Sixty-eight patients were available for evaluations after 12 months, 36 after 24 months, and 25 after 36 months. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor scores improved significantly and levodopa daily doses were significantly reduced by 45, 36, and 28% at 12, 24 and 36 months after surgery. Unilateral subthalamotomy was associated with significant motor benefit contralateral to the lesion. Further work is needed to ascertain what factors led to severe, persistent chorea-ballism in a subset of patients. In an earlier study, 18 advanced PD patients received staged or simultaneous bilateral one or more subthalamotomy. One patient subsequently developed multiple system atrophy signs and was excluded from further analysis. Motor improvements compared to baseline were 58% in the off state and 63% in the on state. Daily levodopa dose was reduced by a mean of 72%, with five patients receiving none. Three patients developed severe chorea postoperatively, which improved spontaneously at 3–6 months. In a third study, microelectrode mapping (guided stereotactic surgery on the subthalamic nucleus) was performed in eight patients with PD, and the findings indicated that subthalamotomy can ameliorate the cardinal symptoms of PD, reduce the dosage of levodopa, diminish complications of the
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{"page_id": 1874888, "title": "Thalamotomy"}
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was released by TouchVision Systems, Inc. in the mid-1990s and worked with the Action Media II board. These other companies caused tremendous downward market pressure on Avid. Avid was forced to continually offer lower-priced systems to compete with the Media 100 and other systems. Inspired by the success of Media 100, members of the Premiere development team left Adobe to start a project called "Keygrip" for Macromedia. Difficulty raising support and money for development led the team to take their non-linear editor to the NAB Show. After various companies made offers, Keygrip was purchased by Apple as Steve Jobs wanted a product to compete with Adobe Premiere in the desktop video market. At around the same time, Avid—now with Windows versions of its editing software—was considering abandoning the Macintosh platform. Apple released Final Cut Pro in 1999, and despite not being taken seriously at first by professionals, it has evolved into a serious competitor to entry-level Avid systems. === DV === Another leap came in the late 1990s with the launch of DV-based video formats for consumer and professional use. With DV came IEEE 1394 (FireWire/iLink), a simple and inexpensive way of getting video into and out of computers. Users no longer had to convert video from analog to digital—it was recorded as digital to start with—and FireWire offered a straightforward way to transfer video data without additional hardware. With this innovation, editing became a more realistic proposition for software running on standard computers. It enabled desktop editing, producing high-quality results at a fraction of the cost of earlier systems. === HD === In early 2000, the introduction of highly compressed HD formats such as HDV has continued this trend, making it possible to edit HD material on a standard computer running a software-only editing system. Avid is an industry
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{"page_id": 70729, "title": "Non-linear editing"}
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of existing energy-efficient solutions and products NOW. BAMB 2020: Buildings as Material Banks, an EU funded project bringing together 16 European parties (universities, building, it companies, consultants, policy makers). Partners: Brussels Environment, EPEA Nederland, Vrije UNiversiteit Brussel, BRE, ZUYD Hogeschool, IBM, SundaHus, Ronneby Kommun, Technical University of Munich, Universiteit Twente, Universidade do Minho, Sarajevo Green Design Foundation, Drees & Sommer, VITO, BAM Construct UK, Aurubis. Battery Passport proof-of-concept pilots, launched at the World Economic Forum (2023), and by the Global Battery Alliance (GBA): material traceability via a "digital twin" to an Electric Vehicle's physical battery at point of sale, providing Environmental, Social and Governance data across the value chain. The GBA is legally incorporated in Belgium, its incorporation dating from 2022. COFA Nederland: Initiative of FBBasic and A. van Liempd demolition contractors to develop a more circular way of demolition and re-use of materials. Concept House Village (RDM) DCMP: Digital Construction Material Passport, an open, XML based, data format for material passports for the construction industry. Stems from the Danish industry initiative Sustainable Build and also builds on learnings from BAMB 2020. EPEA (also partner of BAMB): An internationally active scientific research and consultancy institute that works with actors and companies from economy, politics and science and support them for the introduction of circular processes, using the cradle-to-cradle design approach. Maersk Line (sea-vessels): The world's largest container shipping company. They focus on vessel recycling and re-use. Turntoo: consultancy firm established by Thomas Rau, that offers services and concepts optimizing the continuity of life on earth. The development of material passports as a product is one of them. Thomas Rau's system is called MADASTER. == See also == Digital Product Passport == External links == BAMB2020 Material passports == References ==
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{"page_id": 50702025, "title": "Material passport"}
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NGC 4236 (also known as Caldwell 3) is a barred Magellanic spiral galaxy located in the constellation Draco. The galaxy is a member of the M81 Group, a group of galaxies located at a distance of approximately 11.7 Mly (3.6 Mpc) from Earth. The group also contains the spiral galaxy Messier 81 and the starburst galaxy Messier 82. NGC 4236 is located away from the central part of the M81 group at a distance of 14.5 Mly (4.45 Mpc) from Earth. == See also == NGC 55 - a similar galaxy == References == == External links == Media related to NGC 4236 at Wikimedia Commons NGC 4236 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
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{"page_id": 10373670, "title": "NGC 4236"}
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a decrease in perfusion of the visual pathways or visual control centers of the brain may be responsible for the syndrome. For example, one study used single photon emission computed tomography to demonstrate reduced cerebral perfusion in the temporal lobe in people with Alice in Wonderland syndrome. Other theories suggest the syndrome is a result of non-specific cortical dysfunction (e.g. from encephalitis, epilepsy, decreased cerebral blood flow), or reduced blood flow to other areas of the brain. Other theories suggest that distorted body image perceptions stem from within the parietal lobe. This has been demonstrated by the production of body image disturbances through electrical stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex. Other researchers suggest that metamorphopsias, or visual distortions, may be a result of reduced perfusion of the non-dominant posterior parietal lobe during migraine episodes. Throughout all the neuroimaging studies, several cortical regions (including the temporoparietal junction within the parietal lobe, and the visual pathway, specifically the occipital lobe) are associated with the development of Alice in Wonderland syndrome symptoms.[1] === Migraines === 1 in 10 people who experience migraines have symptoms of Alice in Wonderland syndrome. The role of migraines in Alice in Wonderland syndrome is still not understood, but both vascular and electrical theories have been suggested. For example, visual distortions may be a result of transient, localized ischemia in areas of the visual pathway during migraine attacks. In addition, a spreading wave of depolarization of cells (particularly glial cells) in the cerebral cortex during migraine attacks can eventually activate the trigeminal nerve's regulation of the vascular system. The intense cranial pain during migraines is due to the connection of the trigeminal nerve with the thalamus and thalamic projections onto the sensory cortex. Alice in Wonderland syndrome symptoms can precede, accompany, or replace the typical migraine symptoms. Typical migraines
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{"page_id": 188521, "title": "Alice in Wonderland syndrome"}
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{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\mathbb {R} ^{\mathbb {N} }&\simeq (E\times Z)^{\mathbb {N} }\\&\simeq E^{\mathbb {N} }\times Z^{\mathbb {N} }\\&\simeq E\times E^{\mathbb {N} }\times Z^{\mathbb {N} }\\&\simeq E\times \mathbb {R} ^{\mathbb {N} }\\&\simeq Y\times \mathbb {R} ^{\mathbb {N} }\times \mathbb {R} ^{\mathbb {N} }\\&\simeq Y\times \mathbb {R} ^{\mathbb {N} }\\&\simeq E\end{aligned}}} == See also == Metrizable topological vector space – A topological vector space whose topology can be defined by a metric == Notes == == References == Bessaga, C.; Pełczyński, A. (1975), Selected Topics in Infinite-Dimensional Topology, Monografie Matematyczne, Warszawa: Panstwowe wyd. naukowe. Torunczyk, H. (1981), Characterizing Hilbert Space Topology, Fundamenta Mathematicae, pp. 247–262.
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{"page_id": 58422881, "title": "Anderson–Kadec theorem"}
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4. Building sump Hi-Hi Level Alarm (LAHH) Emergency Stop. P-3 will stop for the following conditions: 1. Air stripper 1 sump Hi-Hi Level Alarm (LAHH) 2. Air Stripper 1 or 2 differential air Hi Pressure Alarm (PAH) 3. Building sump Hi-Hi Level Alarm (LAHH) 4. Secondary containment Hi-Hi Level Alarm (LAHH) Emergency Stop: P-4 will stop if one of the following occurs: 1. Air stripper 1 or 2 sump Hi-Hi Level Alarm (LAHH) 2. Air Flow Switch Low (FSL) 3. Building sump Hi-Hi Level Alarm (LAHH) Emergency Stop: P-5 will stop if one of the following occurs: 1. Air stripper 1or 2 sump Hi-Hi Level Alarm (LAHH) 2. Air Flow Switch Low (FSL) 3. Building sump Hi-Hi Level Alarm (LA E R M , Inc. 3-1 1 NYSDEC172704.02.1760-April-02 The pumps will operate automatically after the emergency stop condition is corrected when in the "Auto" mode. Auto-Dialer A Sensaphone Express auto-dialer is present on-site and will notify BWE personnel of conditions that could develop that may interfere with the daily operation of the system. The conditions listed below will activate the call out function by the auto-dialer: Loss of power Low air flow in the stripper towers High pressure in RW-1 or RW-2 High water level in ST-1 or ST-2 High pressure in P-1 or P-2 Low flow in RW-1 and RW-2 Currently the autodialer is set to call Mark Solomon((516) 315-3467) and Charlie Ferrito ((516)523-6706) from BWE. The auto-dialer will need to be reprogrammed in the event a new operator is chosen for the site. > ERM, Inc. MONITORING, TESTING AND RECORDS Treatment system operating records are the recorded results of observation, tests and measurements performed in the operating and maintenance of the remediation system. Data to be recorded and maintained should be the data necessary to control the system
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{"source": 957, "title": "from dpo"}
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operand comes from the second register file output (Read data 2). The second ALU operand is the sign-extended, lower 16 bits of the instruction. PCSrc The PC is replaced by the output of the adder that computes the value of PC + 4. The PC is replaced by the output of the adder that computes the branch target. MemRead None. Data memory contents designated by the address input are put on the Read data output. MemWrite None. Data memory contents designated by the address input are replaced by the value on the Write data input. MemtoReg The value fed to the register Write data input comes from the ALU. The value fed to the register Write data input comes from the data memory. FIGURE 4.48 A copy of Figure 4.16. The function of each of seven control signals is defined. The ALU control lines (ALUOp) are defined in the second column of Figure 4.47. When a 1-bit control to a 2-way multiplexor is asserted, the multiplexor selects the input corresponding to 1. Otherwise, if the control is deasserted, the multiplexor selects the 0 input. Note that PCSrc is controlled by an AND gate in Figure 4.46. If the Branch signal and the ALU Zero signal are both set, then PCSrc is 1; otherwise, it is 0. Control sets the Branch signal only during a beq instruction; otherwise, PCSrc is set to 0. Instruction Execution/address calculation stage control lines Memory access stage control lines Write-back stage control lines RegDst ALUOp1 ALUOp0 ALUSrc Branch Mem-Read Mem-Write Reg-Write Memto-Reg R-format 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 lw 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 sw X 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 X beq X 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 X FIGURE 4.49 The values
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{"source": 2304, "title": "from dpo"}
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of corruption, creating ample opportunity for self-serving deals. To some total equality is the ideal, but to others the measures taken to achieve that equality would be repression. Utopias such as the one depicted in Corbette’s New Amazonia would not be a utopia to everyone. 16 This highlights a similarity between utopias and dystopias. In any real society or form of government, there are beneficent people and malevolent people. Some people respect order, obey the law, are kind and peaceful. Others break laws, serve themselves, lie, and manipulate the system to their advantage. What utopian and dystopian works have in common is that they both unbalance reality, making everything starkly black and white, taking away one aspect and leaving the other. In this way, utopian and dystopian novels are very much alike. They both exaggerate things for dramatic effect, capture our imaginations, and make us feel the stark power of what might be. # 2.2 Making Observations • What details in the essay stand out to you? • What similarities between utopias and dystopias surprise you? A typical element in dystopian works is oppression. In The Hunger Games , characters deal with oppression and totalitarianism from a powerful government system. In turn, citizens, such as Katniss Everdeen (played by actress Jennifer Lawrence), must fight to survive. beneficent: good-intentioned malevolent: evil-intentioned My Notes Unit 2 • The Challenge of Utopia 127 © 2021 College Board. All rights reserved. SAMPLE Evaluating Details to Determine Key Ideas 4. Examining details in a text can help readers understand the key ideas the author wants to convey. Look back at your color-coded underlining of the similarities and differences between utopian and dystopian societies. Use those details you underlined to create a Venn diagram in your Reader/Writer Notebook. Evaluate the details you organized into the Venn
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{"source": 4933, "title": "from dpo"}
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1)) j,k j [j = f(k)][ g(g(n − 1)) j,k j [j = f(k)][ g(n − 1) j j (g(j) − g(j − 1))[ g(n − 1) j jf (j) [g(n−1) j j [g(n−1) < j g(n)] . Colin Mallows observes that the sequence can also be de ned by the recurrence f(1) = 1 ; f(n + 1) = 1 + f(n + 1 − f(f(n)) ) , for n 0. 2.37 (RLG thinks they probably won't t; DEK thinks they probably will; OP is not committing himself.) 3.1 m = blg nc; l = n − 2m = n − 2blg nc. 3.2 (a) bx + .5 c. (b) dx − .5 e. 3.3 This is bmn − fmα gn/α c = mn − 1, since 0 < fmα g < 1 . 3.4 Something where no proof is required, only a lucky guess (I guess). 3.5 We have bnx c = ⌊nbxc + nfxg⌋ = nbxc + ⌊nfxg⌋ by ( 3.8) and ( 3.6). Therefore bnx c = nbxc ⇐⇒ ⌊nfxg⌋ = 0 ⇐⇒ 0 nfxg < 1 ⇐⇒ fxg < 1/n ,assuming that n is a positive integer. (Notice that nbxc bnx c for all x in this case.) 3.6 bf(x)c = bf(dxe)c. 3.7 bn/m c + n mod m. 3.8 If all boxes contain < dn/m e objects, then n (dn/m e − 1)m, so n/m + 1 dn/m e, contradicting ( 3.5). The other proof is similar. A ANSWERS TO EXERCISES 507 3.9 We have m/n −1/q = ( n
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{"source": 6137, "title": "from dpo"}
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The Cactaceae is a monograph on plants of the cactus family written by the American botanists Nathaniel Lord Britton and Joseph Nelson Rose and published in multiple volumes between 1919 and 1923. It was landmark study that extensively reorganized cactus taxonomy and is still considered a cornerstone of the field. It was illustrated with drawings and color plates principally by the British botanical artist Mary Emily Eaton as well as with black-and-white photographs. == History == Nathaniel Lord Britton was a Columbia University geology and biology professor who left the university in 1895 to become the founding director of the New York Botanical Garden. Much of his own field work was done in the Caribbean. Joseph Nelson Rose was an authority on several plant families, including parsley (Apiaceae) and cacti (Cactaceae). He had been a plant curator at the Smithsonian since 1896, and while working there he made several field trips to Mexico, collecting specimens for the Smithsonian and for Britton's newly founded New York Botanical Garden. Together, Britton and Rose published many articles on the stonecrop family (Crassulaceae) before embarking in 1904 on research leading towards The Cactaceae. With the support of Daniel T. MacDougal, director of the Carnegie Institution for Science's Desert Botanical Laboratory, the Carnegie Institution agreed to fund the project. Rose took a leave of absence from the Smithsonian to pursue it, and both Rose and Britton were named Carnegie Institution Research Associates in 1912, when more focused work on the project began. Between 1912 and 1916 Rose and Britton did extensive field work, collecting specimens and touring the botanical gardens and notable collections of Europe, the Caribbean, and North, Central, and South America. In this period, cactus taxonomy was in a disorganized state with only a few very large and heterogeneous genera. Britton and Rose
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{"page_id": 47128725, "title": "The Cactaceae"}
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(t)} from point A {\displaystyle A} , where r ( t = t 0 ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} (t=t_{0})} , to point B {\displaystyle B} , where r ( t = t 1 ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} (t=t_{1})} . It is possible that the particle moves from A {\displaystyle A} to B {\displaystyle B} along a nearby path described by r ( t ) + δ r ( t ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} (t)+\delta \mathbf {r} (t)} , where δ r ( t ) {\displaystyle \delta \mathbf {r} (t)} is called the variation of r ( t ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {r} (t)} . The variation δ r ( t ) {\displaystyle \delta \mathbf {r} (t)} satisfies the requirement δ r ( t 0 ) = δ r ( t 1 ) = 0 {\displaystyle \delta \mathbf {r} (t_{0})=\delta \mathbf {r} (t_{1})=0} . The scalar components of the variation δ r 1 ( t ) {\displaystyle \delta r_{1}(t)} , δ r 2 ( t ) {\displaystyle \delta r_{2}(t)} and δ r 3 ( t ) {\displaystyle \delta r_{3}(t)} are called virtual displacements. This can be generalized to an arbitrary mechanical system defined by the generalized coordinates q i {\displaystyle q_{i}} , i = 1 , 2 , . . . , n {\displaystyle i=1,2,...,n} . In which case, the variation of the trajectory q i ( t ) {\displaystyle q_{i}(t)} is defined by the virtual displacements δ q i {\displaystyle \delta q_{i}} , i = 1 , 2 , . . . , n {\displaystyle i=1,2,...,n} . Virtual work is the total work done by the applied forces and the inertial forces of a mechanical system as it moves through a set of virtual displacements. When considering forces applied to a body in static equilibrium, the principle of least action requires
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{"page_id": 1211986, "title": "Virtual work"}
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is no longer recognized by the immune system as part of the body. Various trees and wood products such as paper, cardboard, MDF etc. can also cause mild to severe allergy symptoms through touch or inhalation of sawdust such as asthma and skin rash. An allergic reaction can be caused by any form of direct contact with the allergen—consuming food or drink one is sensitive to (ingestion), breathing in pollen, perfume or pet dander (inhalation), or brushing a body part against an allergy-causing plant (direct contact). Other common causes of serious allergy are wasp, fire ant and bee stings, penicillin, and latex. An extremely serious form of an allergic reaction is called anaphylaxis. One form of treatment is the administration of sterile epinephrine to the person experiencing anaphylaxis, which suppresses the body's overreaction to the allergen, and allows for the patient to be transported to a medical facility. == Common == == Seasonal == Seasonal allergy symptoms are commonly experienced during specific parts of the year, usually during spring, summer or fall when certain trees or grasses pollinate. This depends on the kind of tree or grass. For instance, some trees such as oak, elm, and maple pollinate in the spring, while grasses such as Bermuda, timothy and orchard pollinate in the summer. Grass allergy is generally linked to hay fever because their symptoms and causes are somehow similar to each other. Symptoms include rhinitis, which causes sneezing and a runny nose, as well as allergic conjunctivitis, which includes watering and itchy eyes. Also an initial tickle on the roof of the mouth or in the back of the throat may be experienced. Also, depending on the season, the symptoms may be more severe and people may experience coughing, wheezing, and irritability. A few people even become depressed, lose their
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{"page_id": 58859, "title": "Allergen"}
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limiting portion below 650 kCal or over 650 kcal menu under 50%, and dish or bowl size must not be over certain area or volume. Primary school students, secondary school students, and adults plate size are no more than 20, 25, and 30 cm diameter. N07 Nutrition Education, providing nutritional knowledge by cooking demonstration or dietary education learning by nutritionist or gardening workshop receives 1 point. N08 Mindful Eating provides 2 points by dedicating eating space within 200 meters walking distance of the boundary of the project that contains tables and chairs to 25% of users at peak, protects from outdoor climate hazard, provides variety of seating options from small to large group of people, and if there is employees or students then they would provides daily 30 minutes break for meal. N09 Special Diets, alternative food providing to food allergen person, total 2 points. For part 1, 1 point, providing food at least does not include peanut and tree nuts or gluten and wheat or soy or sesame or animal products including seafood, dairy, and eggs. For part 2, 1 point, clearly labeling on packaging, menus, signage that the food contains peanut, fish, shellfish, soy, milk, egg, wheat, tree nuts, sesame, gluten. N10 Food Preparation, providing space for user's meal such as cold storage, countertop, sink for dish and hand washing, microwave or toaster, reusable plates, garbage bin receives 1 point. N11 Responsible Food Sourcing, sourcing 50% foods that are certified organic and 25% animal product lines that are certified organic by Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI) or Seafood Certification Scheme by labeling for sustainable receives 1 point. N12 Food Production receives 2 points by providing garden or greenhouse with food-bearing plants or edible landscape or hydroponic or aeroponic farming which is accessible to users in regular hours and
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{"page_id": 74469613, "title": "WELL Building Standard"}
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NGC 42 is a lenticular galaxy in the Pegasus constellation. It was discovered on October 30, 1864, by the German astronomer Albert Marth. It may be gravitationally interacting with the nearby NGC 41. == References == == External links == Media related to NGC 42 at Wikimedia Commons
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{"page_id": 32293166, "title": "NGC 42"}
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to Telegram's security. In April 2016, the accounts of several Russian opposition members were hijacked by intercepting the SMS messages used for login authorization. In response, Telegram recommended using the optional two-factor authentication feature. In May 2016, the Committee to Protect Journalists and Nate Cardozo, senior staff attorney at Electronic Frontier Foundation, recommended against using Telegram because of "its lack of end-to-end encryption [by default] and its use of non-standard MTProto encryption protocol, which has been publicly criticized by cryptography researchers, including Matthew Green". On 2 August 2016, Reuters reported that Iranian hackers compromised more than a dozen Telegram accounts and identified the phone numbers of 15 million Iranian users, as well as the associated user IDs. Researchers said the hackers belonged to a group known as Rocket Kitten. Rocket Kitten's attacks were similar to ones attributed to Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps. The attackers took advantage of a programming interface built into Telegram. According to Telegram, these mass checks are no longer possible because of limitations introduced into its API earlier in 2016. Login SMS messages are known to have been intercepted in Iran, Russia and Germany, possibly in coordination with phone or telecom companies. Pavel Durov has said that Telegram users in "troubled countries" should enable two-factor authentication by creating passwords in order to prevent this. In June 2017, Pavel Durov in an interview said that U.S. intelligence agencies tried to bribe the company's developers to weaken Telegram's encryption or install a backdoor during their visit to the U.S. in 2016. In 2018, Telegram sent a message to all Iranian users stating that the Telegram Talai and Hotgram unofficial clients are not secure. In March 2014, Telegram promised that "all code will be released eventually", including all the various client applications (Android, iOS, desktop, etc.) and the server-side
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{"page_id": 41501305, "title": "Telegram (software)"}
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Environment Online (ENO) is a global school network and web community for sustainable development, established 2000 in Finland Environmental themes are studied throughout the school year, with campaigns arranged simultaneously around the world. Over 10,000 schools from 150 countries have taken part since the network began. The ENO program is coordinated and maintained by the ENO Programme Association, based in the city of Joensuu. Schools have made concrete pledges for helping the environment, such as having planted five million trees to date. ENO has won several international citations and prizes. == References ==
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{"page_id": 25812385, "title": "Environment Online"}
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than most of the other planets in Aquarius, detected by the radial velocity method in 1998. The star it orbits resembles the Sun beyond their similar spectral class; it has a radius of 1.1 solar radii and a mass of 1.09 solar masses. HD 212771 b, a larger planet at 2.3 Jupiter masses, orbits host star HD 212771 at a distance of 1.22 AU. The star itself, barely below the threshold of naked-eye visibility at magnitude 7.6, is a G8IV (yellow subgiant) star located 131 parsecs from Earth. Though it has a similar mass to the Sun—1.15 solar masses—it is significantly less dense with its radius of 5 solar radii. Its lone planet was discovered in 2010 by the radial velocity method, like several other exoplanets in the constellation. As of 2013, there were only two known multiple-planet systems within the bounds of Aquarius: the Gliese 876 and HD 215152 systems. The former is quite prominent; the latter has only two planets and has a host star farther away at 21.5 parsecs. The HD 215152 system consists of the planets HD 215152 b and HD 215152 c orbiting their K0-type, magnitude 8.13 sun. Both discovered in 2011 by the radial velocity method, the two tiny planets orbit very close to their host star. HD 215152 c is the larger at 0.0097 Jupiter masses (still significantly larger than the Earth, which weighs in at 0.00315 Jupiter masses); its smaller sibling is barely smaller at 0.0087 Jupiter masses. The error in the mass measurements (0.0032 and 0.0049 MJ respectively) is large enough to make this discrepancy statistically insignificant. HD 215152 c also orbits further from the star than HD 215152 b, 0.0852 AU compared to 0.0652. On 23 February 2017, NASA announced that ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1 in Aquarius has seven Earth-like
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{"page_id": 799, "title": "Aquarius (constellation)"}
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is not expected to take place in answering factual questions that can be retrieved directly from memory ("What is your birthday?") or about current experience ("Do you feel thirsty now?). An associated attribute is highly accessible.This might be because it is evaluated automatically in normal perception or because it has been primed. For example, someone who has been thinking about their love life and is then asked how happy they are might substitute how happy they are with their love life rather than other areas. The substitution is not detected and corrected by the reflective system.For example, when asked "A bat and a ball together cost $1.10. The bat costs $1 more than the ball. How much does the ball cost?" many subjects incorrectly answer $0.10. An explanation in terms of attribute substitution is that, rather than work out the sum, subjects parse the sum of $1.10 into a large amount and a small amount, which is easy to do. Whether they feel that is the right answer will depend on whether they check the calculation with their reflective system. Kahneman gives an example where some Americans were offered insurance against their own death in a terrorist attack while on a trip to Europe, while another group were offered insurance that would cover death of any kind on the trip. Even though "death of any kind" includes "death in a terrorist attack", the former group were willing to pay more than the latter. Kahneman suggests that the attribute of fear is being substituted for a calculation of the total risks of travel. Fear of terrorism for these subjects was stronger than a general fear of dying on a foreign trip. === Fast and frugal === Gerd Gigerenzer and colleagues have argued that heuristics can be used to make judgments that
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{"page_id": 27988760, "title": "Heuristic (psychology)"}
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new frequencies and were one step ahead of them at all times. In any event, the Germans soon abandoned the use of this frequency. Another attempt to avoid ABC jamming was made by using the now-useless HF bands to transmit Morse code instead of voice. Morse code's stronger signals made it easier to hear over the noise. This required the fighter's radio operator to decode the messages, making it useful only for larger multi-place aircraft where someone could be dedicated to this role. This was almost instantly countered through a new system known as "Drumstick", first used on the night of 21/22 January 1944. After the signal was picked up at the Cheadle Y station, Drumstick sent out random dots and dashes while increasing and decreasing the signal rate to match any potential keying rate from the original operator. === Later use === Although ABC was effective throughout the war, it made use of German-speaking crewmembers who were in high demand for other roles. Worse, it put them very much in harm's way, and as most were Jewish, the personal risks in case of capture were extremely high. As a result, ABC was eventually replaced by a new version of the Jostle VHF jammer. Instead of attempting to identify and jam the specific frequencies being used, Jostle produced 2,000 W of power which it broadcast across the entire ground-to-air band. This required no "operation", it simply had to be turned on when needed. Jostle-equipped aircraft would broadcast on a random time slot to avoid allowing German night fighters to use the broadcasts as a homing source. Those ABC units still operational were removed from No. 101 and moved to the Handley Page Halifaxes of No. 462 Squadron RAAF. They began operations in March 1945. ABC remained in use in the
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{"page_id": 64771675, "title": "Airborne Cigar"}
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(53) and the putative geometries of their AGRs in (54): (53) a. t-aktub-na 'you (f, pl) write' 2-write-pl fb. t-aktub-aanl 'they (f, du) write' f-write-dual (54) a. AGR b. AGR 2 pl > II ## pl dual f fIn (53a) the prefix expresses person while the suffix expresses number and gender. If the prefix t- is limited to being the principal exponent of some subtree of (54a), then it should -47-be the principal exponent not merely of 2 but also of all the features which 2 dominates. Yet this is clearly false, since the suffix -na expresses f pl separately. Similarly in (53b), f, although dominated by dual, is realized as a separate affix. On the basis of such examples, we must assume either that subtrees are not the natural classes of features which affixes may realize or that the putative geometries are incorrect. 11 As for the second consequence-- that only subtrees may be copied in concord relations -- this remains to be investigated and is more promising. For example, agreement with adjectives (in Arabic) copies only the subtree dominated by number, bringing any gender with it. I leave this topic open. 12 The idea that the tree should express contrastiveness is ultimately linked to the idea that some phonological features are articulator-bound and therefore contrastive only when dependent upon that articulator. No obvious analogy with morphosyntax exists and complications arise immediately when this analogy is forced. For example, the hierarchy I > 2 predicts that Ist person inclusives merge with Ist person exclusives whenever there is a systematic ambiguity of these categories. 13 Nevertheless, if the same dependency relation is held to express contrastiveness, then 2 should appear only when dependent on 1, or, put another way, 2 cannot appear without 1. Therefore, a simple 2nd person category
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{"source": 1025, "title": "from dpo"}
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comprehensive overview and comparative analysis on deep learning models: Cnn, rnn, lstm, gru. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.17473 (2023).") such as GRU and LSTM can alleviate gradient vanishing, their fixed state update method causes the model to tend to focus on recent information and ignore long-distance dependencies. Especially in an environment with a large time span and uneven data, it is difficult for the model to stably capture key historical information, thus affecting the prediction performance. For example, when predicting the diplomatic relations between the United States and Iran in 2025 in the ICEWS14 dataset, the model should not only consider recent events, such as the economic sanctions in 2023, but more importantly, distant historical events, such as the nuclear agreement in 2014. These distant events may have a more profound impact on future relations. However, traditional gate models tend to focus on recent information, making it difficult to effectively identify and retain key long-distance dependencies, reducing the accuracy of reasoning. To effectively address the above challenges, we proposed a multi-dimensional gated update module, which introduces a dual-gate mechanism consisting of a selection gate and an update gate in the horizontal and vertical dimensions to enhance the modeling capability of long-distance dependencies in sparse environments. The selection gate models the long-distance dependencies of entities and the evolutionary patterns of relationships through row and column slices, dynamically calculates the relevance of historical events to the current prediction task, accurately screens key events, and suppresses short-term noise interference. For example, when predicting US-Iran relations in 2025, the selection gate can dynamically give a higher weight to the 2014 nuclear agreement while reducing the impact of short-term economic sanctions in 2023. On this basis, the update gate further integrates the filtered long-distance historical information with the current embedding state to ensure that key long-distance information
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{"source": 2830, "title": "from dpo"}
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fsv narva forksville jandakot voskopoje managed lecht eldest castelar manager superredtan claret leche eamon girlschool dubris dingolfing providence optatus jankauskas ludvik hurtin mackintosh buzzer powicke trubner smartphone llewellyn densmore aarseth obturator ogof wigfall ogon dvorak gerevich cantilupe balocco teres atyrau democrat konyshev huntscott galva miserey zelnik eldersburg hagberg bodzentyn qena domaradz piter ksani zebedee bracchi litzman wadenswil ohurougu xabier kazzer jincheon casorezzo keaau uzere naracoorte ninohe nello elstrup nella sawpit ilfeld thruxton sankardeva darcis kommissar boylston dzukele polychelida accompagnee zielina ociepka cantabs frostproof chrzachow eirikr schooldays cawsand radomina hbo battling hbf badodekar mackall berthed windhof wendeburg bocholtz hamming hbw hbv cotonou solstice easyjet ihmiseksi australiaat scaramuzza aidan taunton kayak matcze bobbejaan kayah kayao kayan kayal wolanow elidir yandamoori baer taroczy northwoods baez shocklach urate republicin pervez urata bael bandello philadelphonic yoghurt lessened baek murail nicolaitanshaer meyersdale tagsatzung thunderhawk okonek whithorn cheribon equipped doillon aghora archaeologists orator robe francisquito juneteenth shraddha roxborough riina macalester montfaucon stockholmimage weathersfield strehlitz nildeson exora lords palmpilot balanidae celanese barasat subregion battered lorde pinder lordi villaverla ryuha ethnographical shumushu lubbock louvin damjanich ganassi magyars maestra hottarum cuddalore bugiem maestri berrima panvel rydeback mikhael wenyuan lantoy kawabe elagabal rzhev sustainability niemand swampoodle sasyk oddibe destructive journals gamson khalifah artbhutanese sahashi sadsbury yassir zernica kamienski selnecker comeng yassin appelate bossa gabilondo tbilisi risnjak eotvos radoszyce schweinfurt huddur hoopes schuylkill lyric lucidity nabeul gats fcmm iiii ingela tahr sciencedirect dogan undermined malvina kostheim traigh ingels chijindu llanbedrog anzaas azinger clydach eurylaema arowana amadis blackford laurium limeridge necrotizing pronzini dioica iiic corann dysphoria dunantul markdorf sanmartinian mehenni adret citrullus minamitsugaru sprigg vernetti zurich castington tadj vernetta kristofer dibaba jedlina tadg canada quett krutch negash flossmoor dendrocopos ellbogensee duritz sitagliptin poco blitzkrieg dasarathi balve griebling cetus hynerpeton lynes taiyou dasaratha poca transmigration asymptote wizajny telegraphy tamworth chiles telegraphs attagasam gisburn thameslink
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{"source": 5213, "title": "from dpo"}
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grant or a new program, once a DAO votes something in, we forget about it. Our goal with PGov is to both continue to check in on these decisions as well as ensure that there are proper channels set up to ensure accountability. **Public Acceptance:** We are committed to the code of conduct, mission, and respective values **Disclosures:** We are delegates across other Defi protocols. Team members hold a combined ~$50k work of LDO. 2 posts - 2 participants Read full topic ecosystem in Ukraine. Many of you may know me from my regular Node Operators Community Call recaps. Thanks for considering my application! Below, you can find out more about my motivation, values, and decision-making approach. If any questions, I will be happy to answer them. ### []( Information * X / Twitter: [@eth_everstake]( * Discord: irina_everstake *
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{"source": 6413, "title": "from dpo"}
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The q-exponential distribution is a probability distribution arising from the maximization of the Tsallis entropy under appropriate constraints, including constraining the domain to be positive. It is one example of a Tsallis distribution. The q-exponential is a generalization of the exponential distribution in the same way that Tsallis entropy is a generalization of standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy or Shannon entropy. The exponential distribution is recovered as q → 1. {\displaystyle q\rightarrow 1.} Originally proposed by the statisticians George Box and David Cox in 1964, and known as the reverse Box–Cox transformation for q = 1 − λ , {\displaystyle q=1-\lambda ,} a particular case of power transform in statistics. == Characterization == === Probability density function === The q-exponential distribution has the probability density function ( 2 − q ) λ e q ( − λ x ) {\displaystyle (2-q)\lambda e_{q}(-\lambda x)} where e q ( x ) = [ 1 + ( 1 − q ) x ] 1 / ( 1 − q ) {\displaystyle e_{q}(x)=[1+(1-q)x]^{1/(1-q)}} is the q-exponential if q ≠ 1. When q = 1, eq(x) is just exp(x). == Derivation == In a similar procedure to how the exponential distribution can be derived (using the standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy or Shannon entropy and constraining the domain of the variable to be positive), the q-exponential distribution can be derived from a maximization of the Tsallis Entropy subject to the appropriate constraints. == Relationship to other distributions == The q-exponential is a special case of the generalized Pareto distribution where μ = 0 , ξ = q − 1 2 − q , σ = 1 λ ( 2 − q ) . {\displaystyle \mu =0,\quad \xi ={\frac {q-1}{2-q}},\quad \sigma ={\frac {1}{\lambda (2-q)}}.} The q-exponential is the generalization of the Lomax distribution (Pareto Type II), as it extends this
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{"page_id": 32195081, "title": "Q-exponential distribution"}
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Parasitic chromosomes are "selfish" chromosomes that propagate throughout cell divisions, even if they confer no benefit to the overall organism's survival. Parasitic chromosomes can persist even if slightly detrimental to survival, as is characteristic of some selfish genetic elements. Parasitic chromosomes are often B chromosomes, such that they are not necessarily present in the majority of the species population and are not needed for basic life functions, in contrast to A chromosomes. Parasitic chromosomes are classified as selfish genetic elements. Parasitic chromosomes, if detrimental to an organism's survival, often are selected against by natural selection over time, but if the chromosome is able to act like a selfish DNA element, it can spread throughout a population. An example of a parasitic chromosome is the b24 chromosome in grasshoppers. == References ==
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{"page_id": 53584324, "title": "Parasitic chromosome"}
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mental chronometry represents a true natural science of mental ability, which is in contrast to IQ, which merely represents an interval (ranking) scale and thus possesses no true ratio scale properties. Joseph Glicksohn wrote in a 2007 review for Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology that "The book should be perused with care in order to ensure the further profitable use of [reaction time] in both experimental and differential lines of research." Douglas Detterman reviewed it in 2008 for Intelligence, writing that "the book would make a good introduction to the field of the measurement of individual differences in cognitive tasks for beginning graduate students." Eric-Jan Wagenmakers and Han van der Maas, also writing for Intelligence in 2018, faulted the book for omitting the work by mathematical psychologists, advocating standardization of chronometric methods (which the authors consider problematic because it can hide method variance), and because it does not discuss topics such as the mutualism model of the g-factor and the Flynn effect. They describe the book's breadth as useful, despite its simplistic approach. Jensen was on the editorial board of Intelligence when these reviews were published. == Awards == In 2003, Jensen was awarded the Kistler Prize for original contributions to the understanding of the connection between the human genome and human society. In 2006, the International Society for Intelligence Research awarded Jensen its Lifetime Achievement Award. == See also == Heritability of IQ Race and intelligence History of the race and intelligence controversy Jensen box == References == == Further reading == === Interviews === "Profiles in Research. Arthur Jensen. Interview by Daniel H. Robinson and Howard Wainer." Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics Fall 2006, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 327–352 Intelligence, Race, and Genetics: Conversations with Arthur R. Jensen. (2002) Frank Miele (of Skeptic Magazine). Westview Press.
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{"page_id": 3029, "title": "Arthur Jensen"}
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substituting a porous medium in place of physical coil representations, and navier-stokes for fluid behavior. However, new predictive models are being developed as computational power increases, including algorithms for simulations of coil behavior in-vivo. == References ==
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{"page_id": 33891456, "title": "Endovascular coiling"}
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Verlag Louis Nebert. ---. 1892. Uber Sinn und Bedeutung. Zeitschrift fur Philosophie und philoso-phische Kritik 100. Also in Frege !962. English translation in Geach and Black 1960. ---. 1893. Grundgesetze der Arithmetik, vol. !. Jena: Verlag H. Pohle. ---. 1962. Funktion, Begriff, Bedeutung: Fiinf logische Studien, ed. G. Patzig. Gottingen: Vanden Hoeck. Gabbay, D., and F. Guenthner, eds. 1983-88. Handbook of Philosophical Logic. Dordrccht: Reidel. Gazdar, G. I979a. A Solution to the Projection Problem. In Oh and Dinneen 1979. ---. 1979b. Pragmatics. New York: Academic Press. Gazdar, G., and G. Pullum. 1987. Computationally Relevant Properties of Natural Languages and their Grammars. In W. Savitch et al., cds., The Formal Complexity of Natural Language. Dordrecht: Reidel. Geach, P., and M. Black, eds. 1960. Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege. Oxford: Blackwell. Godel, K. 1930. Die Vollstandigkeit dcr Axiome des logischen Funktionen-Kalkuls. In Monatshefte fur Mathematik und Physik 37. English translation in Van Heije-noort 1967. Godel, K. 1931. Uber formal unentscheidbare Satze der Principia Mathcmatica und verwandter Systeme I. Monatshefte fiir Mathematik und Physik 38. English transla-tion in Van Heijenoort 1967. Grice, H. P. !975. Logic and Conversation. In·Cole andMorgan 1975. ---. 1978. Further Notes on Logic and Conversatio~. In Cole 1978. ---. 1981. Presupposition and Conversational Implicature. In Cole 1981. Groenendijk, J., D. de Jongh, and M. Stokhof, eds. 1986. Foundations of Pragmatics and Lexical Semantics. Dordrecht: Foris. Groenendijk, J., and M. Stokhof. 1980. A Pragmatic Analysis of Specificity. In Heny 1980. Haack, S. I 978. Philosophy of Logics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Heidegger, M. 1929. Was ist Metaphysik. Frankfurt: Vittorio Klosterman. Hempel, C. !950. Problems and Changes in the Empiricist Criterion of Meaning. Re-vue International de Philosophic 4. Also in Aycr 1959 and in Linsky 1952. Henkin, L. !949. The Completeness of the First-Order Functional Calculus. In Jour-nal
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{"source": 6818, "title": "from dpo"}
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A consistent pricing process (CPP) is any representation of (frictionless) "prices" of assets in a market. It is a stochastic process in a filtered probability space ( Ω , F , { F t } t = 0 T , P ) {\displaystyle (\Omega ,{\mathcal {F}},\{{\mathcal {F}}_{t}\}_{t=0}^{T},P)} such that at time t {\displaystyle t} the i t h {\displaystyle i^{th}} component can be thought of as a price for the i t h {\displaystyle i^{th}} asset. Mathematically, a CPP Z = ( Z t ) t = 0 T {\displaystyle Z=(Z_{t})_{t=0}^{T}} in a market with d-assets is an adapted process in R d {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{d}} if Z is a martingale with respect to the physical probability measure P {\displaystyle P} , and if Z t ∈ K t + ∖ { 0 } {\displaystyle Z_{t}\in K_{t}^{+}\backslash \{0\}} at all times t {\displaystyle t} such that K t {\displaystyle K_{t}} is the solvency cone for the market at time t {\displaystyle t} . The CPP plays the role of an equivalent martingale measure in markets with transaction costs. In particular, there exists a 1-to-1 correspondence between the CPP Z {\displaystyle Z} and the EMM Q {\displaystyle Q} . == References ==
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{"page_id": 28931489, "title": "Consistent pricing process"}
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Aline Fiona Miller (born 1975) is a Professor of Biomolecular Engineering at the University of Manchester. She specialises in the characterisation of polymer, biopolymer and peptides, using neutron and x-ray scattering, as well as the development of functionalised nanostructures for regenerative medicine and toxicology testing. == Early life and education == Miller studied Chemistry at the University of Strathclyde and graduated in 1997. She was an undergraduate exchange student at Franklin & Marshall College. Miller joined Durham University as a post graduate student, earning a PhD in 2000 under the supervision of Randal Richards. Miller worked on graft copolymers, which included polynorbornene and polyethylene oxide, and studied their organisation at air-water interfaces. After completing her doctorate, Miller moved to New Hall, Cambridge, where she was appointed a Junior Research Fellow and worked with Athene Donald on cellulose. She was inspired to have a career in research during this fellowship. == Research and career == Miller joined the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) in 2002. She was made a full Professor in 2014. She currently works in CEAS - Academic & Research Department of Chemical Engineering & Analytical Science at the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology. She investigates the behaviour of molecules at different interfaces, including the air-liquid and liquid-liquid interface. Surfactants and polymers can be used to promote or inhibit the crystallisation of small molecules, for example the use of hydroxyl based polymers in the crystallisation of ice cream. To mimic how fish use macromolecules to stop their blood freezing, Miller combines antifreeze proteins with ice crystals. In 2004 Miller established the University of Manchester Polymers & Peptides Research Group. Here she works on the characterisation of polymer, biopolymer and peptides, using neutron and x-ray scattering. The in-depth characterisation of these materials allows Miller to tailor them
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{"page_id": 60430591, "title": "Aline Miller"}
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The Commission de régulation de l'énergie (CRE, [kʁø] or French Energy Regulatory Commission under its official English title) is an independent body that regulates the French electricity and gas markets. It is a member of the European Union organisation ACER and the all-European CEER (Council of European Energy Regulators). == History == The commission was established by the laws of February 10, 2000, related to the modernization and development of the public electricity service, originally named "Commission de régulation de l'électricité" (Electricity Regulatory Commission), and by the law of January 3, 2003, concerning the gas and electricity markets and the public energy service. These laws transposed into French legislation the European directives of December 19, 1996, and June 22, 1998. The second law opened the gas market and extended to this sector the powers that the (CRE) already had over the electricity market. These directives, making up the "energy package," organize the liberalization of the energy market at the European Community level by ensuring: the free choice of supplier for consumers; the freedom of establishment for producers; and the right of access to the distribution and transport networks under objective, transparent, and non-discriminatory conditions for all users. To ensure transparency and non-discrimination in access to public electricity networks, the commission decided on April 7, 2004, to set up a technical reference framework for the managers of public electricity networks. == Functions == According to the law of December 7, 2006, "the Energy Regulatory Commission contributes, for the benefit of final consumers, to the proper functioning of the electricity and natural gas markets. It ensures, in particular, that the conditions of access to electricity and natural gas transport and distribution networks do not hinder the development of competition. It monitors, for electricity and natural gas, the transactions carried out between suppliers,
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{"page_id": 70168481, "title": "Commission de régulation de l'énergie"}
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In user interface design, a mode is a distinct setting within a computer program or any physical machine interface, in which the same user input will produce perceived results different from those that it would in other settings. Modal interface components include the Caps lock and Insert keys on the standard computer keyboard, both of which typically put the user's typing into a different mode after being pressed, then return it to the regular mode after being re-pressed. An interface that uses no modes is known as a modeless interface. Modeless interfaces avoid mode errors, in which the user performs an action appropriate to one mode while in another mode, by making it impossible for the user to commit them. == Definition == In his book The Humane Interface, Jef Raskin defines modality as follows: "An human-machine interface is modal with respect to a given gesture when (1) the current state of the interface is not the user's locus of attention and (2) the interface will execute one among several different responses to the gesture, depending on the system's current state." (Page 42). In Raskin's sense and according to his definition, an interface is not modal as long as the user is fully aware of its current state. Raskin refers to this as "locus of attention" (from the Latin word locus meaning "place" or "location"). Typically a user is aware of a system state if the state change was purposefully initiated by the user, or if the system gives some strong signals to notify the user of the state change in the place where interaction occurs. If the user's locus of attention changes to a different area, the state of the interface may then represent a mode since the user is no longer aware of it. Larry Tesler defined modes
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{"page_id": 2311336, "title": "Mode (user interface)"}
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The screen-door effect (SDE) is a visual artifact of displays, where the fine lines separating pixels (or subpixels) become visible in the displayed image. This effect can be seen in digital projector images and regular displays under magnification or at close range, but the increases in display resolutions have made this much less significant. More recently, the screen-door effect has been an issue with virtual reality headsets and other head-mounted displays, because these are viewed at a much closer distance, and stretch a single display across a much wider field of view. == SDE in projectors == In LCD and DLP projectors, SDE can be seen because projector optics typically have significantly lower pixel density than the size of the image they project, enlarging these fine lines, which are much smaller than the pixels themselves, to be seen. This results in an image that appears as if viewed through a fine screen or mesh such as those used on anti-insect screen doors. The screen-door effect was noticed on the first digital projector: an LCD projector made in 1984 by Gene Dolgoff. To eliminate this artifact, Dolgoff invented de-pixelization, which used various optical methods to eliminate the visibility of the spaces between the pixels. The dominant method made use of a microlens array, wherein each micro-lens caused a slightly magnified image of the pixel behind it, filling in the previously-visible spaces between pixels. In addition, when making a projector with a single, full-color LCD panel, an additional appearance of pixelation was visible due to the noticeability of green pixels (appearing bright) adjacent to red and blue pixels (appearing dark), forming a noticeable repeating light and dark pattern. Use of a micro-lens array at a slightly greater distance created new pixel images, with each "new" pixel being a summation of six neighboring
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{"page_id": 1612997, "title": "Screen-door effect"}
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joint sealant. 41-5.02C Asphalt Rubber Joint Sealant Asphalt rubber joint sealant must: 1. Be asphalt binder mixed with not less than 10 percent ground rubber by weight. Ground rubber must be vulcanized or a combination of vulcanized and devulcanized materials that pass a no. 8 sieve. 2. Comply with ASTM D6690 for Type II. 3. Be capable of melting at a temperature below 400 degrees F and applied to cracks and joints. 4. Be delivered in containers complying with ASTM D6690. 41-5.02D Backer Rods Backer rods must: 1. Comply with ASTM D5249: SECTION 41 EXISTING CONCRETE PAVEMENT 589 1.1. Type 1 for asphalt rubber joint sealant 1.2. Type 1 or Type 3 for silicone joint sealant 2. Be expanded, closed-cell polyethylene foam 3. Have a diameter at least 25 percent greater than the saw cut joint width 41-5.02E Preformed Compression Joint Seals Preformed compression joint seals must: 1. Comply with ASTM D2628 2. Have 5 or 6 cells, except seals 1/2 inch wide or less may have 4 cells Lubricant adhesive used to install seals must comply with ASTM D2835. 41-5.02F–41-5.02K Reserved 41-5.03 CONSTRUCTION 41-5.03A General If joint seals are shown for new concrete pavement, seal new concrete pavement joints at least 7 days after the concrete pavement is placed. Before sealing joints, complete pavement repairs and grinding and grooving. Remove existing pavement and joint material by sawing, rectangular plowing, cutting, or manual labor. Saw cut the reservoir as shown before cleaning the joint. Use a power-driven saw with a diamond blade. 41-5.03B Joint Cleaning 41-5.03B(1) General Clean the joint after removing existing pavement and before installing joint seal material. Cleaning must be completed no more than 4 hours before installing backer rods, liquid joint seal, or preformed compression seals using the following sequence: 1. Removing debris 2. Drying 3.
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{"source": 1498, "title": "from dpo"}
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Densities with optimal smoothness in moment problems An investigation of the relationship between student cognitive characteristics and the use of hypermedia science tutorials Effects of dietary fiber on serum cholesterol, gastrointestinal function and fecal steroid excretion The rhetoric of electronic communities Detection and identification of pathogens by use of the polymerase chain reaction A study of positron-electron going to positive muon muon and positron-electron going to positive tau lepton tau lepton reactions at TRISTAN A comparative study of women who have had mastectomies and reconstructive surgery with women who have had mastectomies without reconstructive surgery relative to body image and sexuality Structural aspects of the oxidative coupling of methane over europium oxide catalysts Effects of animation and manipulation on adult learning of mathematical concepts Pseudofunctors on modules with 0-dimensional support Organophosphine ligands: Design and synthesis for organometallic applications Measuring the inclusive central muon cross-section in proton-antiproton collisions at 1.8 TeV Characterization of the protein-tyrosine kinase PTK72 and its association with immune recognition receptors on lymphocytes Measurement and prediction of sound propagation over an absorbing plane Sequential estimation for the proportional hazards model in the presence of nuisance parameters Determinant attribute analysis and market segments for multiple source pharmaceuticals Measurements of soot formation and hydroxyl concentration in near-critical equivalence ratio premixed ethylene flames Relational dynamics of families with drug abusing adolescents: A qualitative analysis of conversations [Asian-American university students' expectations and attitudes toward psychotherapy:
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{"source": 3879, "title": "from dpo"}
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EFR European fast reactor EFS emergency feedwater system EFS ENERCON Federal Services (USA) EFSA European Food Safety Authority EFT electronic funds transfer EFTA European Free Trade Association EFTS electronic fund transfer system EFTTRA Experimental Feasibility of Targets for Transmutation (France, Germany, Netherlands) EFW emergency feedwater EFWS emergency feedwater system e.g. for example [The acronym comes from the Latin exempli gratia .] EGF epidermal growth factor EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor EGNRS Expert Group on Nuclear and Radiation Safety (Council of the Baltic Sea States) EGP graphite–steam power reactor [The acronym is a transliteration of the Russian acronym.] (Russian Federation) EGRAP Ethiopian Groundwater Resource Assessment Programme EGRC Expert Group on Resource Classification (UNECE) EGU European Geosciences Union Eh oxidation potential or redox potential EH-41 Office of Environmental Policy and Guidance (USA) This Glossary has not been updated since 2015-03-24. ## Please check IAEAterm ( or email the Terminology and Reference – Contact Point (TaRCP@iaea.org) for up-to-date information. - 125 - EHC electrohydraulic control EHF Ebola haemorrhagic fever EHF extremely high frequency EHIP Hrvoje Požar Energy Institute Energetski institut Hrvoje Požar (Croatia) EHMA European Health Management Association EHNRI Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute EHRO-N European Human Resources Observatory for the Nuclear Energy Sector (European Commission) EHSG European Helicobacter Study Group EHV extremely high voltage EI Energy Institute (United Kingdom) EIA Energy Information Administration (USA) EIA environmental impact assessment EIA enzyme immunoassay EIA equine infectious anaemia EIA Convention Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context [This is also known as the Espoo Convention.] (United Nations) EIB European Investment Bank (EU) EIER Rural Equipment Engineering School École d'ingénieurs de l'équipement rural (Africa) EIG economic interest grouping EIPPCB European Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Bureau (European Union) EIS electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EISMV Inter-State School of Veterinary Sciences and Medicine École inter-États des
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{"source": 5831, "title": "from dpo"}
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leading to tetrasomic inheritance (four chromosomes pairing at meiosis), intergenomic recombination, and reduced fertility. == Gametology == Gametology denotes the relationship between homologous genes on non-recombining, opposite sex chromosomes. The term was coined by García-Moreno and Mindell. 2000. Gametologs result from the origination of genetic sex determination and barriers to recombination between sex chromosomes. Examples of gametologs include CHDW and CHDZ in birds. == See also == Deep homology EggNOG (database) Neofunctionalization OrthoDB Orthologous MAtrix (OMA) PhEVER Protein family Protein superfamily TreeFam Syntelog == References ==
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{"page_id": 1442624, "title": "Sequence homology"}
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on its surroundings, respectively. According to the second law of thermodynamics we have for a reversible process: d S = δ Q T {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} S={\frac {\delta Q}{T}}\,} Hence: δ Q = T d S {\displaystyle \delta Q=T\,\mathrm {d} S\,} By substituting this into the first law, we have: d U = T d S − δ W {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} U=T\,\mathrm {d} S-\delta W\,} Letting δ W {\displaystyle \delta W} be reversible pressure-volume work done by the system on its surroundings, δ W = P d V {\displaystyle \delta W\ =P\mathrm {d} V\,} we have: d U = T d S − P d V {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} U=T\,\mathrm {d} S-P\,\mathrm {d} V\,} This equation has been derived in the case of reversible changes. However, since U, S, and V are thermodynamic state functions that depend on only the initial and final states of a thermodynamic process, the above relation holds also for non-reversible changes. If the composition, i.e. the amounts n i {\displaystyle n_{i}} of the chemical components, in a system of uniform temperature and pressure can also change, e.g. due to a chemical reaction, the fundamental thermodynamic relation generalizes to: d U = T d S − P d V + ∑ i μ i d n i {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} U=T\,\mathrm {d} S-P\,\mathrm {d} V\ +\sum _{i}\mu _{i}\,\mathrm {d} n_{i}\,} The μ i {\displaystyle \mu _{i}} are the chemical potentials corresponding to particles of type i {\displaystyle i} . If the system has more external parameters than just the volume that can change, the fundamental thermodynamic relation generalizes to d U = T d S + ∑ j X j d x j + ∑ i μ i d n i {\displaystyle \mathrm {d} U=T\,\mathrm {d} S+\sum _{j}X_{j}\,\mathrm {d} x_{j}+\sum _{i}\mu _{i}\,\mathrm {d} n_{i}\,} Here
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{"page_id": 5529757, "title": "Fundamental thermodynamic relation"}
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to the MinPts parameter, the so-called single-link effect (different clusters being connected by a thin line of points) is reduced. DBSCAN has a notion of noise, and is robust to outliers. DBSCAN requires just two parameters and is mostly insensitive to the ordering of the points in the database. (However, points sitting on the edge of two different clusters might swap cluster membership if the ordering of the points is changed, and the cluster assignment is unique only up to isomorphism.) DBSCAN is designed for use with databases that can accelerate region queries, e.g. using an R* tree. The parameters minPts and ε can be set by a domain expert, if the data is well understood. == Disadvantages == DBSCAN is not entirely deterministic: border points that are reachable from more than one cluster can be part of either cluster, depending on the order the data are processed. For most data sets and domains, this situation does not arise often and has little impact on the clustering result: both on core points and noise points, DBSCAN is deterministic. DBSCAN* is a variation that treats border points as noise, and this way achieves a fully deterministic result as well as a more consistent statistical interpretation of density-connected components. The quality of DBSCAN depends on the distance measure used in the function regionQuery(P,ε). The most common distance metric used is Euclidean distance. Especially for high-dimensional data, this metric can be rendered almost useless due to the so-called "Curse of dimensionality", making it difficult to find an appropriate value for ε. This effect, however, is also present in any other algorithm based on Euclidean distance. DBSCAN cannot cluster data sets well with large differences in densities, since the minPts-ε combination cannot then be chosen appropriately for all clusters. If the data and scale
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{"page_id": 13747309, "title": "DBSCAN"}
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the physical uniqueness of decomposition and represents a major improvement over the EMD method. == Comparison with other transforms == == See also == Hilbert transform Hilbert spectral analysis Hilbert spectrum Instantaneous frequency Multidimensional empirical mode decomposition Nonlinear Wavelet transform Fourier transform Signal envelope == References == == Further reading == Ditommaso, R.; Mucciarelli, M.; Parolai, S.; Picozzi, M. (2012). "Monitoring the Structural Dynamic Response of a Masonry Tower: Comparing Classical and Time-Frequency Analyses" (PDF). Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 10 (4): 1221–1235. doi:10.1007/s10518-012-9347-x. S2CID 51816660. Boudraa, A.O.; Cexus, J.C. (2007). "EMD-Based Signal Filtering" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement. 56 (6): 2196–2202. Bibcode:2007ITIM...56.2196B. doi:10.1109/TIM.2007.907967. S2CID 30086370. Huang, N. E.; Shen, Z.; Long, S. R.; Wu, M. C.; Shih, H. H.; Zheng, Q.; Yen, N. C.; Tung, C. C.; Liu, H. H. (1998). "The Empirical Mode Decomposition and the Hilbert Spectrum for Nonlinear and Nonstationary Time Series Analysis" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A. 454 (1971): 903–995. Bibcode:1998RSPSA.454..903H. doi:10.1098/rspa.1998.0193. S2CID 1262186. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-09-06. Huang, N. E.; Wu Z. (2008). "A review on Hilbert-Huang transform: Method and its applications to geophysical studies". Rev. Geophys. 46 (2): RG2006. Bibcode:2008RvGeo..46.2006H. doi:10.1029/2007RG000228. Huang, N. E.; Attoh-Okine, N. O. (2005). The Hilbert-Huang Transform in Engineering. CRC Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0849334221. Huang, N. E.; Shen, S. S. P. (2005). Hilbert-Huang Transform and its Applications. London: World Scientific. ISBN 978-9812563767. Schmitt, Francois G; Huang, Yongxiang (2016). Stochastic Analysis of Scaling Time Series: From Turbulence Theory to Applications. Combridge University Press. ISBN 9781107067615. Huang, N. E.; Long, S. R.; Shen, Z. (1996). "The Mechanism for Frequency Downshift in Nonlinear Wave Evolution". Advances in Applied Mechanics. 32: 59–111. doi:10.1016/S0065-2156(08)70076-0. ISBN 9780120020324. Huang, N. E.; Shen, Z.; Long, R. S. (1999). "A New View of Nonlinear Water Waves — The Hilbert
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{"page_id": 14430199, "title": "Hilbert–Huang transform"}
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value of the unknown resistance or capacitance can be determined using the capacitor charging equation: V capacitor ( t ) = V supply ( 1 − e − t R C ) {\displaystyle V_{\text{capacitor}}(t)=V_{\text{supply}}\left(1-e^{-{\frac {t}{RC}}}\right)} and solving for the unknown resistance or capacitance using those starting and ending datapoints. This is similar but contrasts to the Wilkinson ADC which measures an unknown voltage with a known resistance and capacitance, by instead measuring an unknown resistance or capacitance with a known voltage. For example, the positive (and/or negative) pulse width from a 555 Timer IC in monostable or astable mode represents the time it takes to charge (and/or discharge) its capacitor from 1⁄3 Vsupply to 2⁄3 Vsupply. By sending this pulse into a microcontroller with an accurate clock, the duration of the pulse can be measured and converted using the capacitor charging equation to produce the value of the unknown resistance or capacitance. Larger resistances and capacitances will take a longer time to measure than smaller one. And the accuracy is limited by the accuracy of the microcontroller clock and the amount of time available to measure the value, which potentially might even change during measurement or be affected by external parasitics. === Flash ADC === A flash ADC, also known as a parallel ADC, employs a bank of voltage comparators sampling the input signal in parallel, each with a different voltage threshold. The circuit consists of a resistive divider network, a set of voltage comparators and a priority encoder. Each node of the resistive divider provides a voltage threshold for one comparator. The comparator outputs are applied to a priority encoder, which generates a binary number proportional to the input voltage. Flash ADCs have a large die size and high power dissipation. They are used in a variety of applications,
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{"page_id": 40367, "title": "Analog-to-digital converter"}
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New Brunswick, Canada. Britt, R. R. (2006) Huge Crater Found in Egypt. Space.com Brügge, N. (2012) Remarks to the origin of the craters around Gilf Kebir and Djebel Uweinat (Egypt)and the supposed impact craters of Libya, Geology of the Libyan Desert. Jastive, K. (2006) Largest Crater in the Sahara Discovered by Boston university Scientists (News Release), Media Relations, Boston University.
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{"page_id": 4265718, "title": "Kebira Crater"}
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the early development stage of IGBT, all the researchers tried to increase the latch-up current itself in order to suppress the latch-up of the parasitic thyristor. However, all these efforts failed because IGBT could conduct enormously large current. Successful suppression of the latch-up was made possible by limiting the maximal collector current, which IGBT could conduct, below the latch-up current by controlling/reducing the saturation current of the inherent MOSFET. This was the concept of non-latch-up IGBT. "Becke’s device" was made possible by the non-latch-up IGBT. The IGBT is characterized by its ability to simultaneously handle a high voltage and a large current. The product of the voltage and the current density that the IGBT can handle reached more than 5×105 W/cm2, which far exceeded the value, 2×105 W/cm2, of existing power devices such as bipolar transistors and power MOSFETs. This is a consequence of the large safe operating area of the IGBT. The IGBT is the most rugged and the strongest power device yet developed, affording ease of use and so displacing bipolar transistors and even gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs). This excellent feature of the IGBT had suddenly emerged when the non-latch-up IGBT was established in 1984 by solving the problem of so-called "latch-up", which is the main cause of device destruction or device failure. Before that, the developed devices were very weak and were easily destroyed by "latch-up". === Practical devices === Practical devices capable of operating over an extended current range were first reported by B. Jayant Baliga et al. in 1982. The first experimental demonstration of a practical discrete vertical IGBT device was reported by Baliga at the IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) that year. General Electric commercialized Baliga's IGBT device the same year. Baliga was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame for the
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{"page_id": 109053, "title": "Insulated-gate bipolar transistor"}
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Verena Winifred Holmes (23 June 1889 – 20 February 1964) was an English mechanical engineer and multi-field inventor, the first woman member elected to the Institution of Mechanical Engineers (1924) and the Institution of Locomotive Engineers (1931), and was a strong supporter of women in engineering. She was one of the early members of the Women's Engineering Society, and its president in 1931. She was the first practising engineer to serve as president of the society. == Early life == She was born at Highworth, Ashford, Kent to Florence Mary Holmes (née Syme) (d. 1927), and Edmond Gore Alexander Holmes, chief inspector of elementary schools for England. She was one of three children, her brother Maurice Gerald Holmes (1885–1964) became a leading British civil servant. Her sister Flora or Florence Ruth Holmes, known as Ruth, (1881-1969) was a writer. Holmes was educated at Oxford High School for Girls, and after leaving school worked briefly as a photographer before the outbreak of the First World War enabled her to start working at the Integral Propeller Company, Hendon, on the manufacture of wooden propellers. While working, Holmes attended night classes at Shoreditch Technical Institute. She then moved to Lincoln to work for the industrial engine manufacturer Ruston and Hornsby, where she started as a supervisor for 1,500 women employees. Due to the relaxation of working conditions in wartime, she was able to complete an apprenticeship at the company and by 1919 was working in the drawing office. Unlike most of her contemporaries, she continued to be employed by the company after the end of the war. As when she was working in Hendon, Holmes attended technical classes at a local technical college. In 1922, Holmes graduated from Loughborough Engineering College with a BSc(Eng) degree. Her fellow students at Loughborough included the engineer
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{"page_id": 30559584, "title": "Verena Holmes"}
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major implications from this prohibition. Firstly, it secures the inexistence of the 'one': there cannot be a grand overarching set, and thus it is fallacious to conceive of a grand cosmos, a whole Nature, or a Being of God. Badiou is therefore – against Georg Cantor, from whom he draws heavily – staunchly atheist. However, secondly, this prohibition prompts him to introduce the event. Because, according to Badiou, the axiom of foundation 'founds' all sets in the void, it ties all being to the historico-social situation of the multiplicities of de-centred sets – thereby effacing the positivity of subjective action, or an entirely 'new' occurrence. And whilst this is acceptable ontologically, it is unacceptable, Badiou holds, philosophically. Set theory mathematics has consequently 'pragmatically abandoned' an area which philosophy cannot. And so, Badiou argues, there is therefore only one possibility remaining: that ontology can say nothing about the event. Several critics have questioned Badiou's use of mathematics. Mathematician Alan Sokal and physicist Jean Bricmont write that Badiou proposes, with seemingly "utter seriousness," a blending of psychoanalysis, politics and set theory that they contend is preposterous. Similarly, philosopher and aesthetics writer Roger Scruton has questioned Badiou's grasp of the foundation of mathematics, writing in 2012: There is no evidence that I can find in Being and Event that the author really understands what he is talking about when he invokes (as he constantly does) Georg Cantor's theory of transfinite cardinals, the axioms of set theory, Gödel's incompleteness proof or Paul Cohen's proof of the independence of the continuum hypothesis. When these things appear in Badiou's texts it is always allusively, with fragments of symbolism detached from the context that endows them with sense, and often with free variables and bound variables colliding randomly. No proof is clearly stated or examined, and the
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{"page_id": 713688, "title": "Alain Badiou"}
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other hypotheses are satisfied. The result reads then ‖ D j u ‖ L p ( R n ) ≤ C ‖ D m u ‖ L r ( R n ) {\displaystyle \|D^{j}u\|_{L^{p}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})}\leq C\|D^{m}u\|_{L^{r}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})}} for any u {\displaystyle u} such that D m u ∈ L r ( R n ) {\displaystyle D^{m}u\in L^{r}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})} . In particular, setting j = 0 {\displaystyle j=0} and m = 1 {\displaystyle m=1} yields that p = r ∗ {\displaystyle p=r^{*}} , namely the Sobolev conjugate exponent of r {\displaystyle r} , and we have the embedding W 1 , r ( R n ) ↪ L r ∗ ( R n ) . {\displaystyle W^{1,r}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})\hookrightarrow L^{r^{*}}(\mathbb {R} ^{n}).} Notice that, in the embedding above, we also implicitly assume that u ∈ L r ( R n ) {\displaystyle u\in L^{r}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})} and hence the first exceptional case does not apply. The Ladyzhenskaya inequality is a special case of the Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality. Considering the most common cases, namely n = 2 {\displaystyle n=2} and n = 3 {\displaystyle n=3} , we have the former corresponding to the parameter choice j = 0 , m = 1 , p = 4 , q = r = 2 , θ = 1 2 , {\displaystyle j=0,\quad m=1,\quad p=4,\quad q=r=2,\quad \theta ={\frac {1}{2}},} yielding ‖ u ‖ L 4 ( R 2 ) ≤ C ‖ u ‖ L 2 ( R 2 ) 1 2 ‖ ∇ u ‖ L 2 ( R 2 ) 1 2 {\displaystyle \|u\|_{L^{4}(\mathbb {R} ^{2})}\leq C\|u\|_{L^{2}(\mathbb {R} ^{2})}^{\frac {1}{2}}\|\nabla u\|_{L^{2}(\mathbb {R} ^{2})}^{\frac {1}{2}}} for any u ∈ W 1 , 2 ( R 2 ) . {\displaystyle u\in W^{1,2}(\mathbb {R} ^{2}).} The constant C {\displaystyle C} is universal and can
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{"page_id": 38500906, "title": "Gagliardo–Nirenberg interpolation inequality"}
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Essentials in Amazon Web Services (3) CSU > LECTURE, 2 HOURS; LABORATORY, 2 HOURS. This course addresses cloud database management which supports a number of different approaches for storing data. In the course, students define, operate and scale both SQL and noSQL data storage solutions. This course considers factors that should be balanced during the design of a storage solution. Principles are applied by performing exercises using Amazon RDS and SQL to cre - ate and fill tables, retrieve and manipulate data. Object- based APIs are used to serialize objects to Amazon Dyna - moDB for noSQL solutions. Topics include automated backups, transaction logs, restoration, and retention. 194 Compute Engines in Amazon Web Services (3) CSU > LECTURE, 2 HOURS; LABORATORY, 2 HOURS. Cloud computing systems are built using a common set of core technologies, algorithms, and design principles cen - tered around distributed systems. In this hands-on intro - ductory course, students use the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Management Console to provision, load-balance and scale their applications using the Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and the AWS Elastic Beanstalk. This course discusses, from a developer perspective, the most import - ant reasons for using AWS and examines the underlying design principles of scalable cloud applications. 195 Security in Amazon Web Services (3) CSU > LECTURE, 2 HOURS; LABORATORY, 2 HOURS. Protecting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computing systems and data is of utmost importance to all organizations. In this hands-on introductory class, stu - dents learn how Amazon Web Service (AWS) uses redun - dant and layered controls, continuous validation and test - ing, and a substantial amount of automation to ensure the underlying infrastructure is continuously monitored and protected. Students examine the AWS Shared Responsi - bility Model and access the AWS Management Console to learn more about
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{"source": 957, "title": "from dpo"}
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- 12:30 CEST Location / Room: Rhône 2 Session chair: Juan Antonio Montiel Nelson, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, ES Session co-chair: Franco Fummi, Università di Verona, IT Time Label Presentation Title Authors 11:00 CEST MPP01.1 MULTI-PARTNER PROJECT: A MODEL-DRIVEN ENGINEERING FRAMEWORK FOR FEDERATED DIGITAL TWINS OF INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS (MATISSE) Speaker: Djamel Eddine Khelladi, CNRS, University of Rennes, FR Authors: Alessio Bucaioni1, Romina Eramo2, Luca Berardinelli3, Hugo Bruneliere4, Benoit Combemale5, Djamel Khelladi5, Vittoriano Muttillo2, Andrey Sadovykh6 and Manuel Wimmer3 1Mälardalen University, SE; 2University of Teramo, IT; 3JKU, AT; 4IMT atlantique, FR; 5IRISA, FR; 6Softeam, FR Abstract Digital twins are virtual representations of real-world entities or systems. Their primary goal is to help organizations understand and predict the behaviour and properties of these entities or systems. Additionally, digital twins enhance activities such as monitoring, verification, validation, and testing. However, the inherent complexity of digital twins implies challenges throughout the systems engineering process. This notably includes design, development, and analysis phases, as well as deployment, execution, and maintenance. Moreover, existing approaches, methods, techniques, and tools for modelling, simulating, validating, and monitoring single digital twins must now address the increased complexity in federation scenarios. These scenarios introduce new challenges, such as digital twin identification, shared metadata, cross-digital twin communication and synchronization, and federation governance. The KDT Joint Undertaking MATISSE project tackles these challenges by aiming to provide a model-driven framework for the continuous engineering of federated digital twins. It leverages model-driven engineering techniques and practices as the core enabling technology, with traceability serving as an essential infrastructural service for the digital twins federation. In this paper, we introduce the MATISSE conceptual framework for digital twins, highlighting both the novelty of the project's concept and its technical objectives. As the project is still in its initial phase, we identify key research challenges
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{"source": 2311, "title": "from dpo"}
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