README.md

metadata

tags:
  - methane
  - sentinel-2
  - image-segmentation
license: cc-by-nc-4.0

MethaneS2CM – Plume Masks Only (Derived Dataset)

This dataset is a plume-mask-only derivative of
H1deaki/S2CM_RAW.

It contains the methane plume segmentation masks (plume.tif) without redistributing the Sentinel-2 imagery (s2.tif, s2_pre.tif, s2_pre_pre.tif).
The goal is to provide a compact (~2 GB) resource focused on plume labels for users who already have access to Sentinel-2 data or who want to combine these masks with their own imagery.

---

1. Origin and Relationship to MethaneS2CM

The original MethaneS2CM dataset is a large-scale benchmark for methane emission detection from Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery, built from real plume annotations from CarbonMapper and co-located Sentinel-2 observations.

Each sample in MethaneS2CM includes:

• Sentinel-2 imagery at three time points: leak day (T), T-90, and T-365, and
• a corresponding plume mask and plume label.

This derived dataset:

• Keeps only the plume masks (plume.tif),
• Preserves the original indexing / IDs where applicable (so that users can cross-reference with the full MethaneS2CM dataset),
• Does not include any Sentinel-2 pixel data.

For full details on the construction and intended use of the original dataset, please refer to:

• Original dataset: H1deaki/S2CM_RAW
• Paper: “MethaneS2CM: A Dataset for Multispectral Deep Methane Emission Detection” (KDD 2025).

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2. Data Contents

2.1 File structure

The repository contains only plume masks, stored as GeoTIFFs (plume.tif).
A typical directory layout is:

.
├── README.md
└── plumes/
    ├── ang20160915t180022-B_0/plume.tif
    ├── GAO20210731t175256p0000-B_1/plume.tif
    ├── emi20220827t060753p04013-C_0/plume.tif
    └── ...

Each plume.tif is a raster mask with:

• Single channel (binary):
  • 1 (or 255) = plume pixels
  • 0 = non-plume pixels
• Spatial reference / georeferencing inherited from the original Sentinel-2 product used in MethaneS2CM (e.g. UTM/WGS84).

Note: The exact folder structure and naming convention may differ; check this README and the repository tree for the final, authoritative layout.

2.2 Coordinate system and resolution

Plume masks are aligned with the original MethaneS2CM Sentinel-2 patches:

• Pixel size: 20 m (Sentinel-2 SWIR resolution),
• Projection: the same as in MethaneS2CM (UTM zone corresponding to the plume location, WGS84 ellipsoid).

This ensures that users can:

• Directly overlay these plume masks on Sentinel-2 imagery downloaded from Copernicus / Google Earth Engine, or
• Combine them with the original MethaneS2CM dataset.

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3. Intended Use

This plume-only dataset is suitable for:

• Training and evaluating segmentation models for methane plume detection when you supply your own input imagery,
• Using the masks as labels while:
  • Redownloading Sentinel-2 data from the official sources, or
  • Using Sentinel-2 data from the original MethaneS2CM dataset (if you also have a local copy),
• Performing analyses that focus on:
  • Plume shape and morphology,
  • Spatial statistics,
  • Label quality and uncertainty, independently of a specific input feature set.

If you require:

• Full Sentinel-2 inputs (T, T-90, T-365) and
• The predefined dataset splits and Parquet metadata,

please use the original dataset: H1deaki/S2CM_RAW.

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4. Citation

If you use this dataset in your work, please cite the original MethaneS2CM paper, as this dataset is entirely derived from it:

@inproceedings{liu2025methanes2cm,
  title        = {MethaneS2CM: A Dataset for Multispectral Deep Methane Emission Detection},
  author       = {Liu, Hongxuan and Leung, Juliana Y and Niu, Di},
  booktitle    = {Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V. 2},
  pages        = {5640--5651},
  year         = {2025}
}

Additionally, you may optionally reference this derived dataset as:

@misc{methanes2cm_plume_only,
  title        = {MethaneS2CM – Plume Masks Only (Derived Dataset)},
  author       = {<Your Name>},
  howpublished = {\url{https://huggingface.co/datasets/Lucab95/MethaneS2CM_plume_only}},
  year         = {2025},
  note         = {Derived from H1deaki/S2CM_RAW under CC-BY-NC 4.0}
}

Please replace <Your Name> and <yourname> with your actual information.

---

5. License

The original MethaneS2CM dataset is released under the CC-BY-NC 4.0 license.

This derived plume-only dataset is therefore also distributed under:

License: CC-BY-NC 4.0 (Attribution–NonCommercial)

Key points (informal, not legal advice):

• Attribution (BY):
  You must credit:

  • the MethaneS2CM authors (Liu, Leung, Niu) and
  • this derived dataset (if used explicitly), and retain references to the original dataset and this repository where appropriate.

• NonCommercial (NC):
  You may not use this dataset or derivatives of it for commercial purposes without obtaining separate permission from the rights holders.

For the full legal text, see the CC-BY-NC 4.0 license.

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6. Acknowledgments

This dataset is a derivative work of:

• MethaneS2CM: H1deaki/S2CM_RAW.

We acknowledge:

• The European Space Agency (ESA) for providing Sentinel-2 data, and
• The CarbonMapper initiative for plume annotations and their open data efforts,

following the acknowledgments of the original MethaneS2CM dataset.