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Nu Boötis | The Bayer designation Nu Boötis (ν Boo / ν Boötis) is shared by two star systems, in the constellation Boötes: ν¹ Boötis ν² BoötisThey are separated by 0.17° on the sky. They have almost identical visual magnitudes, but contrasting colours: ν1 is a yellow giant star, while ν2 is a close binary with two white main seque... |
Grammar systems theory | Grammar systems theory is a field of theoretical computer science that studies systems of finite collections of formal grammars generating a formal language. Each grammar works on a string, a so-called sequential form that represents an environment. Grammar systems can thus be used as a formalization of decentralized o... |
Ilizarov apparatus | In medicine, the Ilizarov apparatus is a type of external fixation apparatus used in orthopedic surgery to lengthen or to reshape the damaged bones of an arm or a leg; used as a limb-sparing technique for treating complex fractures and open bone fractures; and used to treat an infected non-union of bones, which cannot ... |
Volatilisation | Volatilization is the process whereby a dissolved sample is vaporised. In atomic spectroscopy this is usually a two-step process. The analyte is turned into small droplets in a nebuliser which are entrained in a gas flow which is in turn volatilised in a high temperature flame in the case of AAS or volatilised in a gas... |
Nifekalant | Nifekalant (INN) is a class III antiarrhythmic agent approved in Japan for the treatment of arrhythmias and ventricular tachycardia. It has the brand name Shinbit. |
RMIT School of Applied Sciences | The RMIT School of Applied Sciences was an Australian tertiary education school within the College of Science Engineering and Health of RMIT University. |
Pull to par | Pull to Par is the effect in which the price of a bond converges to par value as time passes. At maturity the price of a debt instrument in good standing should equal its par (or face value).Another name for this effect is reduction of maturity.
It results from the difference between market interest rate and the nomina... |
EIF4G | Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 G (eIF4G) is a protein involved in eukaryotic translation initiation and is a component of the eIF4F cap-binding complex. Orthologs of eIF4G have been studied in multiple species, including humans, yeast, and wheat. However, eIF4G is exclusively found in domain Eukarya, and no... |
Cesbronite | Cesbronite is a copper-tellurium oxysalt mineral with the chemical formula Cu3Te6+O4(OH)4 (IMA 17-C). It is colored green and its crystals are orthorhombic dipyramidal. Cesbronite is rated 3 on the Mohs Scale. It is named after Fabien Cesbron (born 1938), a French mineralogist. |
Motorola Minitor | The Motorola Minitor is a portable, analog, receive only, voice pager typically carried by fire, rescue, and EMS personnel (both volunteer and career) to alert of emergencies. The Minitor, slightly smaller than a pack of cigarettes, is carried on a person and usually left in selective call mode. When the unit is activa... |
Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance for Wireless | Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance for Wireless (MACAW) is a slotted medium access control (MAC) protocol widely used in ad hoc networks. Furthermore, it is the foundation of many other MAC protocols used in wireless sensor networks (WSN). The IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS mechanism is adopted from this protocol. It uses R... |
Virtual finite-state machine | A virtual finite-state machine (VFSM) is a finite-state machine (FSM) defined in a Virtual Environment. The VFSM concept provides a software specification method to describe the behaviour of a control system using assigned names of input control properties and output actions.
The VFSM method introduces an execution mod... |
Network UPS Tools | Network UPS Tools (NUT) is a suite of software component designed to monitor power devices, such as uninterruptible power supplies, power distribution units, solar controllers and servers power supply units. Many brands and models are supported and exposed via a network protocol and standardized interface. |
COG8 | Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COG8 gene.Multiprotein complexes are key determinants of Golgi apparatus structure and its capacity for intracellular transport and glycoprotein modification. Several complexes have been identified, including the Golgi transport ... |
Wendy Boss | Wendy Farmer Boss is an American botanist and the current William Neal Reynolds Distinguished Professor Emeritus at North Carolina State University. Her research focuses on plant physiology and phosphoinositide mediated signalling in plants. Phosphoinositols are derived from the phospholipids found in plasma membrane o... |
Dental radiography | Dental radiographs, commonly known as X-rays, are radiographs used to diagnose hidden dental structures, malignant or benign masses, bone loss, and cavities. |
Taurine dioxygenase | In enzymology, a taurine dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. |
DotProject | dotProject is a web-based, multi-user, multi-language project management application. It is free and open source software, and is maintained by an open community of volunteer programmers. |
K-factor (marketing) | In viral marketing, the K-factor can be used to describe the growth rate of websites, apps, or a customer base. The formula is roughly as follows: number of invites sent by each customer (e.g. if each new customer invites five friends, i = 5) percent conversion of each invite (e.g. if one in five invitees convert to ... |
Black point compensation | Black point compensation is a technique used in digital photography printing. It is a method of creating adjustments between the maximum black levels of digital files and the black capabilities of various digital devices. |
Localized heat contact urticaria | Localized heat contact urticaria is a cutaneous condition, one of the rarest forms of urticaria, where within minutes of contact with heat from any source, itching and wheals occur at the precise site of contact, lasting up to 1 hour. |
TURBOMOLE | TURBOMOLE is an ab initio computational chemistry program that implements various quantum chemistry methods. It was initially developed by the group of Prof. Reinhart Ahlrichs at the University of Karlsruhe. |
Difluoride | Difluorides are chemical compounds with two fluorine atoms per molecule (or per formula unit).
Metal difluorides are all ionic. Despite being highly ionic, the alkaline earth metal difluorides generally have extremely high lattice stability and are thus insoluble in water. The exception is beryllium difluoride. In addi... |
DBLCI Optimum Yield Index | In May 2006, Deutsche Bank launched a new set of commodity index products called the Deutsche Bank Liquid Commodities Indices Optimum Yield, or DBLCI-OY'. The DBLCI-OY indices are available for 24 commodities drawn from the energy, precious metals, industrial metals, agricultural and livestock sectors. A DBLCI-OY index... |
Runting-stunting syndrome in broilers | Runting-stunting syndrome in broilers is a syndrome described in broilers since the 1940s, but often with specific etiological appellations (viral enteritis, malabsorption syndrome, brittle bone disease, infectious pro ventriculitis, helicopter disease and pale bird syndrome). It consists of stunted growth in birds, wh... |
Protein structure reconstruction | Protein structure reconstruction refers to constructing an atomic-resolution model of a protein structure from incomplete coarse-grained representations like, for example, protein contact maps, positions of alpha carbon atoms only or backbone chain atoms only. There are many computational tools for protein structure re... |
Vulnerability management | Vulnerability management is the "cyclical practice of identifying, classifying, prioritizing, remediating, and mitigating" software vulnerabilities. Vulnerability management is integral to computer security and network security, and must not be confused with vulnerability assessment.Vulnerabilities can be discovered wi... |
Semiotics of photography | Semiotics is the study of meaning-making on the basis of signs. Semiotics of photography is the observation of symbolism used within photography or "reading" the picture. This article refers to realistic, unedited photographs not those that have been manipulated in any way.
Roland Barthes was one of the first people to... |
Cholesterol sulfate | Cholesterol sulfate, or cholest-5-en-3β-ol sulfate, is an endogenous steroid and the C3β sulfate ester of cholesterol. It is formed from cholesterol by steroid sulfotransferases (SSTs) such as SULT2B1b (also known as cholesterol sulfotransferase) and is converted back into cholesterol by steroid sulfatase (STS). Accumu... |
Concrete hinge | Concrete hinges are hinges produced out of concrete, with no or almost no steel in the hinge neck, which allows a rotation without a relevant bending moment. This high rotations are resulting from controlled tensile cracks as well as creep. Concrete hinges are mostly used in bridge engineering as monolithic, simple, ec... |
Pickands–Balkema–De Haan theorem | The Pickands–Balkema–De Haan theorem gives the asymptotic tail distribution of a random variable, when its true distribution is unknown. It is often called the second theorem in extreme value theory. Unlike the first theorem (the Fisher–Tippett–Gnedenko theorem), which concerns the maximum of a sample, the Pickands–Bal... |
Gyttja | Gyttja (sometimes gytta, from Swedish gyttja) is a mud formed from the partial decay of peat. It is black and has a gel-like consistency. Aerobic digestion of the peat by bacteria forms humic acid and reduces the peat in the first oxygenated metre (generally 0.5 metre) of the peat column. As the peat is buried under ne... |
Dalcroze eurhythmics | Dalcroze eurhythmics, also known as the Dalcroze method or simply eurhythmics, is one of several developmental approaches including the Kodály method, Orff Schulwerk and Suzuki Method used to teach music to students. Eurhythmics was developed in the early 20th century by Swiss musician and educator Émile Jaques-Dalcroz... |
Nipkow disk | A Nipkow disk (sometimes Anglicized as Nipkov disk; patented in 1884), also known as scanning disk, is a mechanical, rotating, geometrically operating image scanning device, patented by Paul Gottlieb Nipkow in Berlin. This scanning disk was a fundamental component in mechanical television, and thus the first television... |
Quantum cohomology | In mathematics, specifically in symplectic topology and algebraic geometry, a quantum cohomology ring is an extension of the ordinary cohomology ring of a closed symplectic manifold. It comes in two versions, called small and big; in general, the latter is more complicated and contains more information than the former.... |
Journal of Mixed Methods Research | The Journal of Mixed Methods Research is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the field of Research Methods. The journal's editors are Michael D. Fetters (Department of Family Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, United States) and Jose F. Molina-Azorin (University of Alicante, Alic... |
Cristina G. Fernandes | Cristina Gomes Fernandes is Professor of Computer Science at the University of São Paulo. |
Fibrolytic bacterium | Fibrolytic bacteria constitute a group of microorganisms that are able to process complex plant polysaccharides thanks to their capacity to synthesize cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes. Polysaccharides are present in plant cellular cell walls in a compact fiber form where they are mainly composed of cellulose a... |
Heat exchanger | A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a working fluid. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to prevent mixing or they may be in direct contact. They are widely used in space heating, refrigeration, air conditioning,... |
Automatic transmission fluid | Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) is a type of hydraulic fluid used in vehicles with automatic transmissions. It is typically coloured red or green to distinguish it from motor oil and other fluids in the vehicle.
The fluid is optimized for the special requirements of a transmission, such as valve operation, brake ban... |
The UNIX-HATERS Handbook | The UNIX-HATERS Handbook is a semi-humorous edited compilation of messages to the UNIX-HATERS mailing list. The book was edited by Simson Garfinkel, Daniel Weise and Steven Strassmann and published in 1994. |
Stony Clove Sandstone | The Stony Clove Sandstone is a geologic formation in New York. It preserves fossils dating back to the Devonian period. |
Linola | Linola is the trademark name of solin, cultivated forms of flax (Linum usitatissimum) bred for producing linseed oil with a low alpha-linolenic acid content. Linola was developed in the early 1990s by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). It was developed and released in Australia in... |
Variational vector field | In the mathematical fields of the calculus of variations and differential geometry, the variational vector field is a certain type of vector field defined on the tangent bundle of a differentiable manifold which gives rise to variations along a vector field in the manifold itself. |
Batteries & Supercaps | Batteries & Supercaps is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering electrochemical energy storage and its applications. It is published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of Chemistry Europe.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 6.043. |
Neopragmatism | Neopragmatism, sometimes called post-Deweyan pragmatism, linguistic pragmatism, or analytic pragmatism, is the philosophical tradition that infers that the meaning of words is a result of how they are used, rather than the objects they represent. |
Bit pairing | In telecommunication, bit pairing is the practice of establishing, within a code set, a number of subsets that have an identical bit representation except for the state of a specified bit. Note: An example of bit pairing occurs in the International Alphabet No. 5 and the American Standard Code for Information Intercha... |
Circle-throw vibrating machine | A circle-throw vibrating machine is a screening machine employed in processes involving particle separation. In particle processes screening refers to separation of larger from smaller particles in a given feed, using only the materials' physical properties. Circle throw machines have simple structure with high screeni... |
Ombrabulin | Ombrabulin was an experimental drug candidate discovered by Ajinomoto and further developed by Sanofi-Aventis. Ombrabulin is a combretastatin A-4 derivative that exerts its antitumor effect by disrupting the formation of blood vessels needed for tumor growth.It was granted orphan drug status by the European Medicines A... |
Close collar minting | Close collar minting is a method of coin manufacture that is used almost exclusively today. With close collar minting, the planchet is centred within a solid metal collar during the minting process.This restraining collar prevented the expansion of the planchet sideways and outwards and thus made it possible to mint co... |
Chlorophenol | A chlorophenol is any organochloride of phenol that contains one or more covalently bonded chlorine atoms. There are five basic types of chlorophenols (mono- to pentachlorophenol) and 19 different chlorophenols in total when positional isomerism is taken into account. Chlorophenols are produced by electrophilic halogen... |
Minimum-distance estimation | Minimum-distance estimation (MDE) is a conceptual method for fitting a statistical model to data, usually the empirical distribution. Often-used estimators such as ordinary least squares can be thought of as special cases of minimum-distance estimation.
While consistent and asymptotically normal, minimum-distance estim... |
Hawaiian grammar | This article summarizes grammar in the Hawaiian language. |
Growing teeth | Growing teeth is a bioengineering technology with the ultimate goal to create new full molars in a person or an animal. |
Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis | Eruptive pseudoangiomatosis is a cutaneous condition characterized by the sudden appearance of 2- to 4-mm blanchable red papules.: 399 It can appear in children or adults. The papules appear similar to hemangiomasViruses found in patients include Echovirus 25 and 32, coxsackie B, Epstein–Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus... |
Isovaleramide | Isovaleramide is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2C(O)NH2. The amide derived from isovaleric acid, it is a colourless solid. |
GTF3C4 | General transcription factor 3C polypeptide 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF3C4 gene. |
Jacob's staff | The term Jacob's staff is used to refer to several things, also known as cross-staff, a ballastella, a fore-staff, a ballestilla, or a balestilha. In its most basic form, a Jacob's staff is a stick or pole with length markings; most staffs are much more complicated than that, and usually contain a number of measurement... |
Roald Dahl short stories bibliography | Roald Dahl short stories bibliography is a comprehensive annotated list of short stories written by Roald Dahl. |
Lee helm | There are 2 different meanings to the term 'lee helm' depending on whether one is discussing sailboats or motorized ships. |
Balloon effect | The balloon effect is a criticism of United States drug policy. The name draws an analogy between efforts to eradicate the production of illegal drugs in South American countries and squeezing a balloon: If a balloon is squeezed the air is moved, but does not disappear, instead moving into another area of less resistan... |
(2R)-2-Methylpent-4-enoic acid | (2R)-2-Methylpent-4-enoic acid is an organic acid with the chemical formula C6H10O2. Other names for this molecule include (R)-2-methyl-4-pentenoic acid, (R)-(−)-2-methyl-4-pentenoic acid, and methylallylacetic acid. |
T Tauri wind | The T Tauri wind — so named because of the young star currently in this stage—is a phenomenon indicative of the phase of stellar development between the accretion of material from the slowing rotating material of a solar nebula and the ignition of the hydrogen that has agglomerated into the protostar. |
SCAMP1 | Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCAMP1 gene. |
Direct market access | Direct market access (DMA) is a term used in financial markets to describe electronic trading facilities that give investors wishing to trade in financial instruments a way to interact with the order book of an exchange. Normally, trading on the order book is restricted to broker-dealers and market making firms that ar... |
Motive (law) | A motive is the cause that moves people to induce a certain action. In criminal law, motive in itself is not an element of any given crime; however, the legal system typically allows motive to be proven to make plausible the accused's reasons for committing a crime, at least when those motives may be obscure or hard to... |
Fusarubin | Fusarubin is a naphthoquinone-antibiotic which is produced by the fungi Fusarium solani. Fusarubin has the molecular formula C15H14O7. |
Alpha Cygni variable | Alpha Cygni variables are variable stars which exhibit non-radial pulsations, meaning that some portions of the stellar surface are contracting at the same time other parts expand. They are supergiant stars of spectral types B or A. Variations in brightness on the order of 0.1 magnitudes are associated with the pulsati... |
International Society for Developmental Psychobiology | International Society for Developmental Psychobiology (ISDP) promotes research on the behavioral development on all species including humans. It is an international-nonprofit organization. Its official scientific journal is Developmental Psychobiology published by John Wiley & Sons. It conducts annual meetings during w... |
Natural-language understanding | Natural-language understanding (NLU) or natural-language interpretation (NLI) is a subtopic of natural-language processing in artificial intelligence that deals with machine reading comprehension. Natural-language understanding is considered an AI-hard problem.There is considerable commercial interest in the field beca... |
Künneth theorem | In mathematics, especially in homological algebra and algebraic topology, a Künneth theorem, also called a Künneth formula, is a statement relating the homology of two objects to the homology of their product. The classical statement of the Künneth theorem relates the singular homology of two topological spaces X and Y... |
Interstitial collagenase | Interstitial collagenase, also known as fibroblast collagenase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP1 gene. The gene is part of a cluster of MMP genes which localize to chromosome 11q22.3. MMP-1 was the first vertebrate collagenase both purified to homogeneity as a pr... |
Brood parasite | Brood parasitism is a subclass of parasitism and phenomenon and behavioural pattern of certain animals, brood parasites, that rely on others to raise their young. The strategy appears among birds, insects and fish. The brood parasite manipulates a host, either of the same or of another species, to raise its young as if... |
Methamphetamine | Methamphetamine (contracted from N-methylamphetamine) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity. Methamphetamine was discovered in 1893 and exists as two enantiomers:... |
PTPRN | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase-like N, also called "IA-2", is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTPRN gene. |
Orthology (language) | Orthology is the study of the correct speaking or the right use of words in language. The word comes from Greek ortho- ("correct") and -logy ("science of"). This science is a place where psychology, philosophy, linguistics and many other fields of learning come together. The most noted use of Orthology is for the selec... |
Sinclair BASIC | Sinclair BASIC is a dialect of the programming language BASIC used in the 8-bit home computers from Sinclair Research and Timex Sinclair. The Sinclair BASIC interpreter was made by Nine Tiles Networks Ltd. |
Eucryptite | Eucryptite is a lithium bearing aluminium silicate mineral with formula LiAlSiO4. It crystallizes in the trigonal - rhombohedral crystal system. It typically occurs as granular to massive in form and may pseudomorphically replace spodumene. It has a brittle to conchoidal fracture and indistinct cleavage. It is transpar... |
Moissanite | Moissanite () is naturally occurring silicon carbide and its various crystalline polymorphs. It has the chemical formula SiC and is a rare mineral, discovered by the French chemist Henri Moissan in 1893. Silicon carbide is useful for commercial and industrial applications due to its hardness, optical properties and the... |
Transformers: Prime Wars Trilogy | Transformers: Prime Wars Trilogy is a toyline and transmedia series that is part of the Transformers franchise by Hasbro. |
Embossing (manufacturing) | Sheet metal embossing is a stamping process for producing raised or sunken designs or relief in sheet metal. This process can be made by means of matched male and female roller dies, or by passing sheet or a strip of metal between rolls of the desired pattern. It is often combined with foil stamping to create a shiny, ... |
Mixed oxide | In chemistry, a mixed oxide is a somewhat informal name for an oxide that contains cations of more than one chemical element or cations of a single element in several states of oxidation.The term is usually applied to solid ionic compounds that contain the oxide anion O2− and two or more element cations. Typical exampl... |
Myelin regulatory factor | Myelin regulatory factor (MyRF), also known as myelin gene regulatory factor (MRF), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYRF gene. |
Stacks Project | The Stacks Project is an open source collaborative mathematics textbook writing project with the aim to cover "algebraic stacks and the algebraic geometry needed to define them". As of July 2022, the book consists of 115 chapters (excluding the license and index chapters) spreading over 7500 pages. The maintainer of th... |
Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event | The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event, also known as the Cenomanian-Turonian extinction, Cenomanian-Turonian oceanic anoxic event (OAE 2), and referred to also as the Bonarelli event, was one of two anoxic extinction events in the Cretaceous period. (The other being the earlier Selli event, or OAE 1a, in the Aptian.) ... |
Tvheadend | TVHeadend, sometimes TVH for short, is a server application that reads video streams from LinuxTV sources and publishes them as internet streams. It supports multiple inputs, a DVB-T USB tuner stick and a Sat>IP tuner for instance, combining them together into a single channel listing. TVH servers are themselves IP sig... |
Fungerin | Fungerin is an antifungal alkaloid with the molecular formula C13H18N2O2 which is produced by Fusarium species. |
Microsoft Notification Protocol | Microsoft Notification Protocol (MSNP, also known as the Mobile Status Notification Protocol) is an instant messaging protocol developed by Microsoft for use by the Microsoft Messenger service and the instant messaging clients that connect to it, such as Skype since 2014, and the earlier Windows Live Messenger, MSN Mes... |
EGS (program) | The EGS (Electron Gamma Shower) computer code system is a general purpose package for the Monte Carlo simulation of the coupled transport of electrons and photons in an arbitrary geometry for particles with energies from a few keV up to several hundreds of GeV. It originated at SLAC but National Research Council of Can... |
IKBKAP | IKBKAP (inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase complex-associated protein) is a human gene encoding the IKAP protein, which is ubiquitously expressed at varying levels in all tissue types, including brain cells. The IKAP protein is thought to participate as a sub-unit in the assembly of a... |
Half hitch | The half hitch is a simple overhand knot, where the working end of a line is brought over and under the standing part. Insecure on its own, it is a valuable component of a wide variety of useful and reliable hitches, bends, and knots.
The half hitch is tied with one end of a rope which is passed around an object and se... |
Cost-exchange ratio | In anti-ballistic missile (ABM) defence the cost-exchange ratio is the ratio of the incremental cost to the aggressor of getting one additional warhead through the defence screen, divided by the incremental cost to the defender of offsetting the additional missile. For instance, a single new ICBM might require a single... |
Tsavorite | Tsavorite or tsavolite is a variety of the garnet group species grossular, a calcium-aluminium garnet with the formula Ca3Al2Si3O12. Trace amounts of vanadium or chromium provide the green color. |
Human uses of bats | Human uses of bats include economic uses such as bushmeat or in traditional medicine. Bats are also used symbolically in religion, mythology, superstition, and the arts. Perceived medical uses of bats include treating epilepsy in South America, night blindness in China, rheumatism, asthma, chest pain, and fever in Sout... |
Nikolsky's sign | Nikolsky's sign is a clinical dermatological sign, named after Pyotr Nikolsky (1858–1940), a Russian physician who trained and worked in the Russian Empire. The sign is present when slight rubbing of the skin results in exfoliation of the outermost layer. A typical test would be to place the eraser of a pencil on the r... |
Miller cycle | In engineering, the Miller cycle is a thermodynamic cycle used in a type of internal combustion engine. The Miller cycle was patented by Ralph Miller, an American engineer, U.S. Patent 2,817,322 dated Dec 24, 1957. The engine may be two- or four-stroke and may be run on diesel fuel, gases, or dual fuel. It uses a super... |
Variable-order Bayesian network | Variable-order Bayesian network (VOBN) models provide an important extension of both the Bayesian network models and the variable-order Markov models. VOBN models are used in machine learning in general and have shown great potential in bioinformatics applications.
These models extend the widely used position weight ma... |
Sprinkler fitting | Sprinkler fitting is an occupation consisting of the installing, testing, inspecting, and certifying of automatic fire suppression systems in all types of structures. Sprinkler systems installed by sprinkler fitters can include the underground supply as well as integrated overhead piping systems and standpipes. The fir... |
Biological constraints | Biological constraints are factors which make populations resistant to evolutionary change. One proposed definition of constraint is "A property of a trait that, although possibly adaptive in the environment in which it originally evolved, acts to place limits on the production of new phenotypic variants." Constraint h... |
Comparison of different machine translation approaches | Machine translation (MT) algorithms may be classified by their operating principle. MT may be based on a set of linguistic rules, or on large bodies (corpora) of already existing parallel texts. Rule-based methodologies may consist in a direct word-by-word translation, or operate via a more abstract representation of m... |
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