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Accident on the Rampe de Laffrey | The rampe de Laffrey (sometimes called the descente de Laffrey or the côte de Laffrey) is a section of France's Route nationale 85, itself part of the route Napoléon. It connects the communes of Laffrey and Vizille in the department of Isère, about 15 kilometers southeast of Grenoble. |
Object Manager (Windows) | Object Manager (internally called Ob) is a subsystem implemented as part of the Windows Executive which manages Windows resources. Resources, which are surfaced as logical objects, each reside in a namespace for categorization. Resources can be physical devices, files or folders on volumes, Registry entries or even running processes. All objects representing resources have an Object Type property and other metadata about the resource. Object Manager is a shared resource, and all subsystems that deal with the resources have to pass through the Object Manager. |
Zygomaticofacial nerve | The zygomaticofacial nerve (or zygomaticofacial branch of zygomatic nerve or malar branch of zygomatic nerve) is a cutaneous (sensory) branch of the maxillary nerve (CN V2) that arises within the orbit. The zygomaticofacial nerve penetrates the inferolateral angle of the orbit, emerging into the face through: 631 the zygomaticofacial foramen,: 615 then penetrates the orbicularis oculi muscle to reach: 631 and innervate the skin of the prominence of the cheek.: 631 |
Harp trap | A harp trap is a device used to capture bats without exposing them to disentangling from traps like mist nets and hand nets. It capitalizes on bats' flight characteristic of turning perpendicular to the ground to pass between obstacles, in this case the trap's strings, in which flight attitude they cannot maintain their angle of flight and drop unharmed into a collection chamber. Invented in 1958 by US Public Health Service veterinarian Denny Constantine, the harp trap has been modified for different applications and efficiencies by users, including Merlin Tuttle's double harp trap in 1974, Charles Francis' 4-frame harp trap in 1989, and other modifications improving collapsibility and portability.The harp trap is a significant tool for measuring aspects of bat ecology, most notably to obtain information about bat populations and movement for public health and conservation management purposes. Even though visually apparent when set out in the open, harp traps are effective if placed where natural features funnel bats toward the trap. They can be set across flyways in heavily wooded areas, over small bodies of water, and at roost entrances, and can be left unattended for periods of time, allowing multiple sites to be worked simultaneously. They can be more efficient for surveying bats than mist nets, capturing higher numbers of species and individuals. |
Procyanidin dimer | Proanthocyanidin dimers are a specific type of proanthocyanidin, which are a class of flavanoids. They are oligomers of flavan-3-ols.
Dimeric B-type proanthocyanidins Dimeric A-type proanthocyanidins |
Loveline | Loveline is a syndicated radio call-in program in North America, offering medical and relationship advice to listeners, often with the assistance of guests, typically actors and musicians. Its host through most of its run was Dr. Drew Pinsky who was paired with a radio personality.
Loveline was broadcast live, Sundays through Thursdays at 10pm–midnight PT (Mondays through Fridays at 1am–3am ET). Its flagship station was KROQ-FM in Los Angeles. Syndication was usually on rock, alternative, and adult talk radio stations. Loveline can also be heard online through the websites of affiliate stations.
The radio show was discontinued in April 2016. After a hiatus, the show was rebooted as a podcast with Amber Rose and clinical psychologist and sex therapist, Chris Donaghue, as hosts. The renewed podcast ran from September 8, 2016, until March 17, 2018. |
Heterophony | In music, heterophony is a type of texture characterized by the simultaneous variation of a single melodic line. Such a texture can be regarded as a kind of complex monophony in which there is only one basic melody, but realized at the same time in multiple voices, each of which plays the melody differently, either in a different rhythm or tempo, or with various embellishments and elaborations. The term was initially introduced into systematic musicology to denote a subcategory of polyphonic music, though is now regarded as a textural category in its own right. |
Game Boy Printer | The Game Boy Printer, known as the Pocket Printer in Japan, is a thermal printer accessory released by Nintendo in 1998 which ceased production in early 2003. The Game Boy Printer is compatible with all the Game Boy systems except the Game Boy Micro and is designed to be used in conjunction with the Game Boy Camera. It also prints images from compatible late-generation Game Boy and Game Boy Color games (listed below). It runs on six AA batteries and uses a proprietary 38mm wide thermal paper with adhesive backing, originally sold in white, red, yellow and blue colors. In Japan, a bright yellow Pokémon version of the Game Boy Printer was released, featuring a feed button in the style of a Poké Ball. |
Hyperon | In particle physics, a hyperon is any baryon containing one or more strange quarks, but no charm, bottom, or top quark. This form of matter may exist in a stable form within the core of some neutron stars. Hyperons are sometimes generically represented by the symbol Y. |
TransducerML | TransducerML (Transducer Markup Language) or TML is a retired Open Geospatial Consortium standard developed to describe any transducer (sensor or transmitter) in terms of a common model, including characterizing not only the data but XML formed metadata describing the system producing that data. |
Horizon Discovery | Horizon Discovery Group plc (LSE: HZD) ("Horizon"), is a gene editing company that designs and engineers genetically modified cells and then applies them in research and clinical applications in human health.
Horizon offers human disease models and reagents derived from genetically-engineered cells that its customers may use to gain knowledge of the genetic drivers of disease; develop novel drugs or cell therapies targeted at these genetic drivers; and develop companion diagnostics that predict patient response in the clinic.
Horizon is headquartered in Cambridge, UK, and is listed on the London Stock Exchange’s AIM market under the ticker “HZD”.
Horizon signed agreements in December 2019 and January 2020 with Mammoth Biosciences to combine Mammoth's intellectual property in CRISPR with Horizon's expertise in Chinese hamster ovary cells.Perkin-Elmer acquired Horizon Discovery for $383 million (£296 million) in November 2020. Due to Perkin-Elmer split, since May 2023 Horizon Discovery is now part of Revvity, Inc. |
Steel (web browser) | Steel is a discontinued freeware web browser developed by Michael Kolb under the name kolbysoft. It is a fork of the default browser for Android, taking its WebKit-based layout engine and providing what is intended to be an easier and more "touch friendly" user interface.
Steel was one of the first Android applications to support automatic rotation based on the hardware's accelerometer and a virtual keyboard. This feature is now more common among Android applications.
In 2010 Skyfire purchased kolbysoft and the Steel browser. |
Sympatry | In biology, two related species or populations are considered sympatric when they exist in the same geographic area and thus frequently encounter one another. An initially interbreeding population that splits into two or more distinct species sharing a common range exemplifies sympatric speciation. Such speciation may be a product of reproductive isolation – which prevents hybrid offspring from being viable or able to reproduce, thereby reducing gene flow – that results in genetic divergence. Sympatric speciation may, but need not, arise through secondary contact, which refers to speciation or divergence in allopatry followed by range expansions leading to an area of sympatry. Sympatric species or taxa in secondary contact may or may not interbreed. |
Homeomorphism (graph theory) | In graph theory, two graphs G and G′ are homeomorphic if there is a graph isomorphism from some subdivision of G to some subdivision of G′ . If the edges of a graph are thought of as lines drawn from one vertex to another (as they are usually depicted in illustrations), then two graphs are homeomorphic to each other in the graph-theoretic sense precisely if they are homeomorphic in the topological sense. |
Jaszczak phantom | A Jaszczak phantom (pronounced "JAY-zak") aka Data Spectrum ECT phantom is an imaging phantom used for validating scanner geometry, 3D contrast, uniformity, resolution, attenuation and scatter correction or alignment tasks in nuclear medicine. It is commonly used in academic centers and hospitals to characterize a SPECT or some gamma camera systems for quality control purposes. It is used for accreditation by clinical and academic facilities for the American College of Radiology.The phantom was developed by Ronald J. Jaszczak of Duke University, and was filed for a patent in 1982. It is a cylinder containing fillable inserts that is often used with a radionuclide such as Technetium-99m or Fluorine-18.Although the phantom can be used for acceptance testing, the National Electrical Manufacturers Association recommends a 30 million count acquisition and section reconstruction of the phantom be performed quarterly.In 1981 Ronald J. Jaszczak founded Data Spectrum Corporation which manufactures the Jaszczak phantom and several other nuclear imaging tools, such as the Hoffman Brain phantom. |
Zinc-activated ion channel | Zinc-activated ion channel (ZAC), is a human protein encoded by the ZACN gene. ZAC forms a cation-permeable ligand-gated ion channel of the "Cys-loop" superfamily. The ZAC gene is present in humans and dogs, but no ortholog is thought to exist in the rat or mouse genomes.ZAC mRNA is expressed in prostate, thyroid, trachea, lung, brain (adult and fetal), spinal cord, skeletal muscle, heart, placenta, pancreas, liver, kidney and stomach. The endogenous ligand for ZAC is thought to be Zn2+, although ZAC has also been found to activate spontaneously. The function of spontaneous ZAC activation is unknown. |
English Language Skills Assessment | The English Language Skills Assessment (ELSA) is a group of tests designed to measure English language proficiency of subjects. The test is designed for non-native speakers, with different levels of testing available from beginners to advanced.The tests can be utilized to track progress among those studying English or to measure proficiency for employment or education where English language skills are required. The tests are intended for an international audience and are available in British English or American English. The tests are utilized by such educational organizations as the Australian Council for Educational Research to help predict student success and are compulsory at The University of the South Pacific. It is used by international businesses such as BASF, Unilever and DaimlerChrysler. Its usage is mandatory in Germany and Poland as part of the re-training programs for unemployed. |
Ecosystem of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre | The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) is the largest contiguous ecosystem on earth. In oceanography, a subtropical gyre is a ring-like system of ocean currents rotating clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere caused by the Coriolis Effect. They generally form in large open ocean areas that lie between land masses. |
Fly-killing device | A fly-killing device is used for pest control of flying insects, such as houseflies, wasps, moths, gnats, and mosquitoes. |
Ultraviolet light therapy | Ultraviolet light therapy or ultraviolet phototherapy is a treatment for psoriasis, atopic skin disorder, vitiligo and other skin diseases. There are two main treatments: UVB that is the most common, and PUVA.
There are four UVB types of lamps: Fluorescnt Broad-Band UVB that emit 280-330 nanometer, Fluorescent Narrow-Band that emit 312 nanometer, Excimer that emit 308 nanometer and LED that emit 290-300 nanometer.
PUVA means UVA + psoralen. It consists of irradiation of the skin with the UVA ultraviolet light, from a fluorescent bulb or LED lamps.
Tanning beds are used both in dermatology practices for the treatment of cosmetic skin conditions (such as psoriasis, acne, eczema and vitiligo) and in indoor tanning salons for cosmetic tanning. |
Marsquake | A marsquake is a quake which, much like an earthquake, would be a shaking of the surface or interior of the planet Mars as a result of the sudden release of energy in the planet's interior, such as the result of plate tectonics, which most quakes on Earth originate from, or possibly from hotspots such as Olympus Mons or the Tharsis Montes. The detection and analysis of marsquakes could be informative to probing the interior structure of Mars, as well as identifying whether any of Mars's many volcanoes continue to be volcanically active.Quakes have been observed and well-documented on the Moon, and there is evidence of past quakes on Venus. Marsquakes were first detected but not confirmed by the Viking mission in 1976. Marsquakes were detected and confirmed by the InSight mission in 2019. Using InSight data and analysis, the Viking marsquakes were confirmed in 2023. Compelling evidence has been found that Mars has in the past been seismically more active, with clear magnetic striping over a large region of southern Mars. Magnetic striping on Earth is often a sign of a region of particularly thin crust splitting and spreading, forming new land in the slowly separating rifts; a prime example of this being the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. However, no clear spreading ridge has been found in this region, suggesting that another, possibly non-seismic explanation may be needed. |
Synthalin | Synthalin was an oral anti-diabetic drug. Discovered in 1926 it was marketed in Europe by Schering AG of Berlin as a synthetic drug with insulin-like properties that could be taken orally. However, it was toxic to the liver and kidney and was withdrawn from the market in the early 1940s. |
Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase | The enzyme phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.64) catalyzes the reaction 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate + H2O ⇌ 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + phosphateThis enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds. The systematic name is 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate 3-phosphohydrolase. Other names in common use include inositol-1,3-bisphosphate 3-phosphatase, inositol 1,3-bisphosphate phosphatase, inositol-polyphosphate 3-phosphatase, D-myo-inositol-1,3-bisphosphate 3-phosphohydrolase, and phosphatidyl-3-phosphate 3-phosphohydrolase. This enzyme participates in inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. |
Center vortex | Center vortices are line-like topological defects that exist in the vacuum of Yang–Mills theory and QCD. There is evidence in lattice simulations that they play an important role in the confinement of quarks. |
Chassis dynamometer | A chassis dynamometer, informally referred to as a rolling road, is a mechanical device that uses one or more fixed roller assemblies to simulate different road conditions within a controlled environment, and is used for a wide variety of vehicle testing and development purposes. |
Semicubical parabola | In mathematics, a cuspidal cubic or semicubical parabola is an algebraic plane curve that has an implicit equation of the form y2−a2x3=0 (with a ≠ 0) in some Cartesian coordinate system.
Solving for y leads to the explicit form y=±ax32, which imply that every real point satisfies x ≥ 0. The exponent explains the term semicubical parabola. (A parabola can be described by the equation y = ax2.) Solving the implicit equation for x yields a second explicit form x=(ya)23.
The parametric equation x=t2,y=at3 can also be deduced from the implicit equation by putting {\textstyle t={\frac {y}{ax}}.} The semicubical parabolas have a cuspidal singularity; hence the name of cuspidal cubic.
The arc length of the curve was calculated by the English mathematician William Neile and published in 1657 (see section History). |
Collaborative writing | Collaborative writing, or collabwriting is a method of group work that takes place in the workplace and in the classroom. Researchers expand the idea of collaborative writing beyond groups working together to complete a writing task. Collaboration can be defined as individuals communicating, whether orally or in written form, to plan, draft, and revise a document. The success of collaboration in group work is often incumbent upon a group's agreed upon plan of action. At times, success in collaborative writing is hindered by a group's failure to adequately communicate their desired strategies. |
JPL Small-Body Database | The JPL Small-Body Database (SBDB) is an astronomy database about small Solar System bodies. It is maintained by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and NASA and provides data for all known asteroids and several comets, including orbital parameters and diagrams, physical diagrams, close approach details, radar astrometry, discovery circumstances, alternate designations and lists of publications related to the small body. The database is updated daily when new observations are available. In April 2021 the JPL Small-Body Database started using planetary ephemeris (DE441) and small-body perturber SB441-N16. Most objects such as asteroids get a two-body solution (Sun+object) recomputed twice a year. Comets generally have their two-body orbits computed at a time near the perihelion passage (closest approach to the Sun) as to have the two-body orbit more reasonably accurate for both before and after perihelion. For most asteroids, the epoch used to define an orbit is updated twice a year. Orbital uncertainties in the JPL Small-Body Database are listed at the 1-sigma level. On 27 September 2021 the JPL Solar System Dynamics website underwent a significant upgrade. |
Lesser palatine canals | The lesser palatine canals (also accessory palatine canals) are passages in the palatine bone that carry the lesser and middle palatine nerves and vessels. |
MOI (file format) | MOI is a computer file format used primarily to represent information. MOI files are associated with MOD or TOD files whose content they represent. They are mainly used on JVC and Canon camcorders.
== Format overview == |
CKMT2 | Creatine kinase S-type, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CKMT2 gene.Mitochondrial creatine kinase (MtCK) is responsible for the transfer of high energy phosphate from mitochondria to the cytosolic carrier, creatine. The "energy-rich" gamma-phosphate group of ATP that is generated by oxidative phosphorylation inside mitochondria is trans-phosphorylated to creatine (Cr) to give phospho-creatine (PCr), which then is exported from the mitochondria into the cytosol, where it is made available to cytosolic creatine kinases (CK) for in situ regeneration of the ATP that has been used for cellular work. Cr then is returning to the mitochondria where it stimulates mitochondrial respiration and again is charged-up by mitochondrial ATP via MtCK. This process is termed the PCr/Cr-shuttle or circuit. MtCK belongs to the creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme family. It exists as two isoenzymes, sarcomeric MtCK and ubiquitous MtCK, encoded by separate genes. Mitochondrial creatine kinase occurs in two different oligomeric forms: dimers and octamers, in contrast to the exclusively dimeric cytosolic creatine kinase isoenzymes. Sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase has 80% homology with the coding exons of ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase. This gene contains sequences homologous to several motifs that are shared among some nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins and thus may be essential for the coordinated activation of these genes during mitochondrial biogenesis. |
Structured support vector machine | The structured support-vector machine is a machine learning algorithm that generalizes the Support-Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Whereas the SVM classifier supports binary classification, multiclass classification and regression, the structured SVM allows training of a classifier for general structured output labels. |
Glucosamine kinase | In enzymology, a glucosamine kinase (EC 2.7.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + D-glucosamine ⇌ ADP + D-glucosamine phosphateThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and D-glucosamine, whereas its two products are ADP and D-glucosamine phosphate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring phosphorus-containing groups (phosphotransferases) with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:D-glucosamine phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include glucosamine kinase (phosphorylating), ATP:2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose-6-phosphotransferase, and aminodeoxyglucose kinase. This enzyme participates in aminosugars metabolism. |
Coloratura soprano | A coloratura soprano is a type of operatic soprano voice that specializes in music that is distinguished by agile runs, leaps and trills. |
/dev/full | In Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD /dev/full, or the always-full device, is a special file that always returns the error code ENOSPC (meaning "No space left on device") on writing, and provides an infinite number of zero bytes to any process that reads from it (similar to /dev/zero). This device is usually used when testing the behaviour of a program when it encounters a "disk full" error. |
The Lesbian Body | The Lesbian Body (French: Le Corps Lesbien) is a 1973 novel by Monique Wittig. It was translated into English in 1975. |
Motorola Charm | The Motorola Charm is a smartphone manufactured by Motorola. It was released exclusively to U.S. carrier T-Mobile, and Canadian carrier Telus. The Motorola Charm is the second Motorola Android phone to feature the updated Motoblur UI for Android 2.1.
The Charm's key features are its front-facing QWERTY keyboard, 2.8-inch 320 x 240 touchscreen, 3-megapixel camera with digital zoom, touchpad on rear of phone, and Android HTML WebKit/Flash Lite web browser. |
Competitive programming | Competitive programming (also known as sports programming) is a mind sport usually held over the Internet or a local network, involving participants trying to program according to provided specifications. Contestants are referred to as sport programmers. Competitive programming is recognized and supported by several multinational software and Internet companies, such as Google and Facebook.A programming competition generally involves the host presenting a set of logical or mathematical problems, also known as puzzles or challenges, to the contestants (who can vary in number from tens or even hundreds to several thousands). Contestants are required to write computer programs capable of solving these problems. Judging is based mostly upon number of problems solved and time spent for writing successful solutions, but may also include other factors (quality of output produced, execution time, memory usage, program size, etc.). |
Flour extraction | Flour extraction is the common process of refining Whole Grain Flour first milled from grain or grist by running it through sifting devices, often called flour dressers. |
Rambutan (cryptography) | Rambutan is a family of encryption technologies designed by the Communications-Electronics Security Group (CESG), the technical division of the United Kingdom government's secret communications agency, GCHQ. |
Emergency ascent | An emergency ascent is an ascent to the surface by a diver in an emergency. More specifically, it refers to any of several procedures for reaching the surface in the event of an out-of-air emergency, generally while scuba diving. |
Fluxion | A fluxion is the instantaneous rate of change, or gradient, of a fluent (a time-varying quantity, or function) at a given point. Fluxions were introduced by Isaac Newton to describe his form of a time derivative (a derivative with respect to time). Newton introduced the concept in 1665 and detailed them in his mathematical treatise, Method of Fluxions. Fluxions and fluents made up Newton's early calculus. |
CSTF2 | Cleavage stimulation factor 64 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CSTF2 gene.This gene encodes a nuclear protein with an RRM (RNA recognition motif) domain. The protein is a member of the cleavage stimulation factor (CSTF) complex that is involved in the 3' end cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs. Specifically, this protein binds GU-rich elements within the 3'-untranslated region of mRNAs. |
Gay bar | A gay bar is a drinking establishment that caters to an exclusively or predominantly lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer (LGBTQ+) clientele; the term gay is used as a broadly inclusive concept for LGBTQ+ communities. |
Gluten exorphin | Gluten exorphins are a group of opioid peptides formed during the digestion of the gluten protein. These peptides work as external regulators for gastrointestinal movement and hormonal release. The breakdown of gliadin, a polymer of wheat proteins, creates amino acids that stop the gluten epitopes from entering the immune system to activate inflammatory reactions. During this process, gluten does not fully break down, thus increasing the presence of gluten exorphins. Because of this, researchers think this is what might lead to various diseases. Research shows the benefits of gluten- and casein-free diets for people with diseases and disorders connected to gluten exorphins. The mechanism behind this is still unknown. There is a possibility that gluten has deleterious effects on the human digestive system. When people are more susceptible to gluten and casein allergies, the weakened intestinal lining allows gluten exorphin to flow. |
Equative case | Equative is a case prototypically expressing the standard of comparison of equal values ("as… as a …"). The equative case has been used in very few languages in history. It was used in the Sumerian language, where it also took on the semantic functions of the essive case ("in the capacity of…") and similative case ("like a…").For Sumerian, the equative was formed by adding the suffix -gin7 to the end of a noun phrase. In its similative function: For Ossetic it is formed by the ending -ау [aw]: It is found subdialectally in some speakers of the Khalkha dialect of Mongolian, where it is formed by the endings -цаа [tsaa], -цоо [tsoo], -цээ [tsee] or -цөө [tsöö], depending on the vowel harmony of the noun. It is quite rare and very specific, referring to the height or level of an object: It is also found in the Turkic Khalaj language and in languages from South America like Quechua, Aymara, Uro and Cholón.Welsh, though it has no equative case of nouns, has an equative degree of adjectives, shown normally by the suffix -ed: for example, "hyned" (â ...), meaning "as old" (as ...).Sireniki Eskimo had an equative (or comparative) case for describing similarities between nouns. |
Perian | Perian is a discontinued open-source QuickTime component that enabled Apple Inc.’s QuickTime to play several popular video formats not supported natively by QuickTime on macOS. It was a joint development of several earlier open source components based on the multiplatform FFmpeg project's libavcodec and libavformat, as well as liba52 and libmatroska.
It has been featured as the "Download of the Day" on Lifehacker, as well as on several popular blogs including Ars Technica and The Unofficial Apple Weblog. |
Female | An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction.A female has larger gametes than a male. Females and males are results of the anisogamous reproduction system, wherein gametes are of different sizes (unlike isogamy where they are the same size). The exact mechanism of female gamete evolution remains unknown. |
Human sperm competition | Sperm competition is a form of post-copulatory sexual selection whereby male ejaculates simultaneously physically compete to fertilize a single ovum. Sperm competition occurs between sperm from two or more rival males when they make an attempt to fertilize a female within a sufficiently short period of time. This results primarily as a consequence of polyandrous mating systems, or due to extra-pair copulations of females, which increases the chance of cuckoldry, in which the male mate raises a child that is not genetically related to him. Sperm competition among males has resulted in numerous physiological and psychological adaptations, including the relative size of testes, the size of the sperm midpiece, prudent sperm allocation, and behaviors relating to sexual coercion, however this is not without consequences: the production of large amounts of sperm is costly and therefore, researchers have predicted that males will produce larger amounts of semen when there is a perceived or known increase in sperm competition risk.Sperm competition is not exclusive to humans, and has been studied extensively in other primates, as well as throughout much of the animal kingdom. The differing rates of sperm competition among other primates indicates that sperm competition is highest in primates with multi-male breeding systems, and lowest in primates with single-male breeding systems. Compared to other animals, and primates in particular, humans show low-to-intermediate levels of sperm competition, suggesting that humans have a history of little selection pressure for sperm competition. |
Numerical continuation | Numerical continuation is a method of computing approximate solutions of a system of parameterized nonlinear equations, 0.
The parameter λ is usually a real scalar, and the solution u an n-vector. For a fixed parameter value λ , F(∗,λ) maps Euclidean n-space into itself.
Often the original mapping F is from a Banach space into itself, and the Euclidean n-space is a finite-dimensional Banach space.
A steady state, or fixed point, of a parameterized family of flows or maps are of this form, and by discretizing trajectories of a flow or iterating a map, periodic orbits and heteroclinic orbits can also be posed as a solution of F=0 |
Structural level | In Schenkerian analysis, a structural level is a representation of a piece of music at a different level of abstraction, with levels typically including foreground, middleground, and background. According to Schenker musical form is "an energy transformation, as a transformation of the forces that flow from background to foreground through the levels."For example, while details such as melodic notes exist at the lowest structural levels, the foreground, in the background the fundamental structure is the most basic structural level of all tonal music, representing the digression from and necessary return to the tonic that motivates musical form. It may be conceived of in a specific piece as the opening in the tonic and the return to the tonic with a perfect authentic cadence (V-I) after the development of sonata allegro form. |
Klosneuvirus | Klosneuvirus (KNV, also KloV) is a new type of giant virus found by the analysis of low-complexity metagenomes from a wastewater treatment plant in Klosterneuburg, Austria. It has a 1.57-Mb genome coding unusually high number of genes typically found in cellular organisms, including aminoacyl transfer RNA synthetases with specificities for 19 different amino acids, over 10 translation factors and several tRNA-modifying enzymes. Klosneuvirus, Indivirus, Catovirus and Hokovirus, are part of a group of giant viruses denoted as Klosneuviruses or Klosneuvirinae, a proposed subfamily of the Mimiviridae. |
Autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 with giant axons | Autosomal dominant Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2 with giant axons is a rare subtype of hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy of the axons which is characterized by symptoms similar to those from Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease and autosomal dominant inheritance. |
Weathering steel | Weathering steel, often referred to by the genericised trademark COR-TEN steel and sometimes written without the hyphen as corten steel, is a group of steel alloys which were developed to eliminate the need for painting, and form a stable rust-like appearance after several years' exposure to weather.
U.S. Steel (USS) holds the registered trademark on the name COR-TEN. The name COR-TEN refers to the two distinguishing properties of this type of steel: corrosion resistance and tensile strength. Although USS sold its discrete plate business to International Steel Group (now ArcelorMittal) in 2003, it still sells COR-TEN branded material in strip-mill plate and sheet forms.
The original COR-TEN received the standard designation A242 (COR-TEN A) from the ASTM International standards group. Newer ASTM grades are A588 (COR-TEN B) and A606 for thin sheet. All alloys are in common production and use.
The surface oxidation of weathering steel takes six months, but surface treatments can accelerate the oxidation of weathering steel to as little as one hour. |
John L. Synge Award | John L. Synge Award is an award by the Royal Society of Canada for outstanding research in any branch of the mathematical sciences. It was created in 1986 and is given at irregular intervals. The award is named in honor of John Lighton Synge. |
Eight disciplines problem solving | Eight Disciplines Methodology (8D) is a method or model developed at Ford Motor Company used to approach and to resolve problems, typically employed by quality engineers or other professionals. Focused on product and process improvement, its purpose is to identify, correct, and eliminate recurring problems. It establishes a permanent corrective action based on statistical analysis of the problem and on the origin of the problem by determining the root causes. Although it originally comprised eight stages, or 'disciplines', it was later augmented by an initial planning stage. 8D follows the logic of the PDCA cycle. The disciplines are: D0: Preparation and Emergency Response Actions: Plan for solving the problem and determine the prerequisites. Provide emergency response actions. |
Channel 51 | Channel 51 may refer to several television stations: Channel 51 (New Zealand), a regional television station based in Napier, Hawke's Bay, New Zealand |
Comparison of Java and Android API | This article compares the application programming interfaces (APIs) and virtual machines (VMs) of the programming language Java and operating system Android. |
Kepler-277b | Kepler-277b (also known by its Kepler Objects of Interest designation KOI-1215.01) is the second most massive and third-largest rocky planet ever discovered, with a mass close to that of Saturn. Discovered in 2014 by the Kepler Space Telescope, Kepler-277b is a sub-Neptune sized exoplanet with a very high mass and density for an object of its radius, suggesting a composition made mainly of rock and iron. Along with its sister planet, Kepler-277c, the planet's mass was determined using transit-timing variations (TTVs). |
LAMMPS | Large-scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) is a molecular dynamics program from Sandia National Laboratories. LAMMPS makes use of Message Passing Interface (MPI) for parallel communication and is free and open-source software, distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.LAMMPS was originally developed under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) between two laboratories from United States Department of Energy and three other laboratories from private sector firms. As of 2016, it is maintained and distributed by researchers at the Sandia National Laboratories and Temple University. |
Sea interferometry | Sea interferometry, also known as sea-cliff interferometry, is a form of radio astronomy that uses radio waves reflected off the sea to produce an interference pattern. It is the radio wave analogue to Lloyd's mirror. The technique was invented and exploited in Australia between 1945 and 1948. |
Cotangent sheaf | In algebraic geometry, given a morphism f: X → S of schemes, the cotangent sheaf on X is the sheaf of OX -modules ΩX/S that represents (or classifies) S-derivations in the sense: for any OX -modules F, there is an isomorphism Hom Der S(OX,F) that depends naturally on F. In other words, the cotangent sheaf is characterized by the universal property: there is the differential d:OX→ΩX/S such that any S-derivation D:OX→F factors as D=α∘d with some α:ΩX/S→F In the case X and S are affine schemes, the above definition means that ΩX/S is the module of Kähler differentials. The standard way to construct a cotangent sheaf (e.g., Hartshorne, Ch II. § 8) is through a diagonal morphism (which amounts to gluing modules of Kähler differentials on affine charts to get the globally-defined cotangent sheaf.) The dual module of the cotangent sheaf on a scheme X is called the tangent sheaf on X and is sometimes denoted by ΘX .There are two important exact sequences: If S →T is a morphism of schemes, then 0. |
Mark J. Lewis | Dr. Mark J. Lewis is a senior American aerospace and defense executive with special expertise in hypersonics. He is currently the Executive Director of the National Defense Industrial Association's Emerging Technologies Institute, following his role in the second half of 2020 as the acting US Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, and before that the Director of Defense Research and Engineering for Modernization. He was the Chief Scientist of the U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C. from 2004 to 2008 and was the longest-serving Chief Scientist in Air Force history. He served as chief scientific adviser to the Chief of Staff and Secretary of the Air Force, and provided assessments on a wide range of scientific and technical issues affecting the Air Force mission. In this role he identified and analyzed technical issues and brought them to attention of Air Force leaders, and interacted with other Air Staff principals, operational commanders, combatant commands, acquisition, and science & technology communities to address cross-organizational technical issues and solutions. His primary areas of focus included energy, sustainment, long-range strike technologies, advanced propulsion systems, and workforce development. |
Polar wind | The polar wind or plasma fountain is a permanent outflow of plasma from the polar regions of Earth's magnetosphere, caused by the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's atmosphere. The solar wind ionizes gas molecules in the upper atmosphere to such high energy that some of them reach escape velocity and pour into space. A considerable percentage of these ions remain bound inside Earth's magnetic field, where they form part of the radiation belts. |
Autophagy | Autophagy (or autophagocytosis; from the Ancient Greek αὐτόφαγος, autóphagos, meaning "self-devouring" and κύτος, kýtos, meaning "hollow") is the natural, conserved degradation of the cell that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional components through a lysosome-dependent regulated mechanism. It allows the orderly degradation and recycling of cellular components. Although initially characterized as a primordial degradation pathway induced to protect against starvation, it has become increasingly clear that autophagy also plays a major role in the homeostasis of non-starved cells. Defects in autophagy have been linked to various human diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer, and interest in modulating autophagy as a potential treatment for these diseases has grown rapidly.Four forms of autophagy have been identified: macroautophagy, microautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and crinophagy. In macroautophagy (the most thoroughly researched form of autophagy), cytoplasmic components (like mitochondria) are targeted and isolated from the rest of the cell within a double-membrane vesicle known as an autophagosome, which, in time, fuses with an available lysosome, bringing its specialty process of waste management and disposal; and eventually the contents of the vesicle (now called an autolysosome) are degraded and recycled. In crinophagy (the least well-known and researched form of autophagy), unnecessary secretory granules are degraded and recycled.In disease, autophagy has been seen as an adaptive response to stress, promoting survival of the cell; but in other cases, it appears to promote cell death and morbidity. In the extreme case of starvation, the breakdown of cellular components promotes cellular survival by maintaining cellular energy levels. |
CDKL5 deficiency disorder | CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a rare genetic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the gene CDKL5. |
Corner Houses | Corner Houses (Chinese: 街角樓) are a type of building located at the junction of two or three roads. |
Arts in Second Life | Arts in Second Life is an artistic area of a 3D social network (called Second Life) that has served, since 2003, as a platform for various artistic pursuits and exhibitions. |
Welding power supply | A welding power supply is a device that provides or modulates an electric current to perform arc welding. There are multiple arc welding processes ranging from Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) to inert shielding gas like Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) or Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Welding power supplies primarily serve as devices that allow a welder to exercise control over whether current is alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC), as well as the amount of current and voltage. Power supplies for welding processes that use shielding gas also offer connections for gas and methods to control gas flow. The operator can set these factors to within the parameters as needed by the metal type, thickness, and technique to be used. The majority of welding power supplies do not generate power, instead functioning as controllable transformers that allow the operator to adjust electrical properties as needed. However, in some welding applications, notably SMAW, used in areas isolated from power grids, welding power supplies are used that combine the functions of electrical generation and current modulation into a single mobile unit mounted on a vehicle or towed trailer. |
Sideloading | Sideloading describes the process of transferring files between two local devices, in particular between a personal computer and a mobile device such as a mobile phone, smartphone, PDA, tablet, portable media player or e-reader.
Sideloading typically refers to media file transfer to a mobile device via USB, Bluetooth, WiFi or by writing to a memory card for insertion into the mobile device, but also applies to the transfer of apps from web sources that are not vendor-approved. |
Skin infections and wrestling | Skin infections and wrestling is the role of skin infections in wrestling. This is an important topic in wrestling since breaks in the skin are easily invaded by bacteria or fungi and wrestling involves constant physical contact that can cause transmission of viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. These infections can also be spread through indirect contact, for example, from the skin flora of an infected individual to a wrestling mat, to another wrestler. According to the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA) Injury Surveillance System, ten percent of all time-loss injuries in wrestling are due to skin infections. |
Preoccipital notch | About 5 centimetres (2.0 in) in front of the occipital pole of the human brain, on the infero-lateral border is an indentation or notch, named the preoccipital notch. It is considered a landmark because the occipital lobe is located just behind the line that connects that notch with the parietoccipital sulcus. |
Passive treatment system | A passive treatment system is a method for removing metals from acid mine drainage. There are several types of passive treatment systems, each of which may be used on their own or in combination to treat effluents. The type of system selected is dependent upon the chemistry of the acid mine drainage and the flow of the discharge, as well as relevant regulations. Passive treatment systems do not require power and are less expensive than active treatment systems. They also require less maintenance, which is an advantage in remote locations. |
Teichmüller cocycle | In mathematics, the Teichmüller cocycle is a certain 3-cocycle associated to a simple algebra A over a field L which is a finite Galois extension of a field K and which has the property that any automorphism of L over K extends to an automorphism of A. The Teichmüller cocycle, or rather its cohomology class, is the obstruction to the algebra A coming from a simple algebra over K. It was introduced by Teichmüller (1940) and named by Eilenberg and MacLane (1948). |
The Emotion Machine | The Emotion Machine: Commonsense Thinking, Artificial Intelligence, and the Future of the Human Mind is a 2006 book by cognitive scientist Marvin Minsky that elaborates and expands on Minsky's ideas as presented in his earlier book Society of Mind. |
Retired husband syndrome | Retired husband syndrome (主人在宅ストレス症候群, Shujin Zaitaku Sutoresu Shoukougun, literally "One's Husband Being at Home Stress Syndrome") (RHS) is a psychosomatic stress-related illness recognized in Japanese culture which has been estimated to occur in 60% of Japan's older female population. It is claimed to be a condition where a woman begins to exhibit signs of physical illness and depression as her husband reaches, or approaches, retirement. |
Scene and sequel | Scene and sequel are two types of written passages used by authors to advance the plot of a story. Scenes propel a story forward as the character attempts to achieve a goal. Sequels provide an opportunity for the character to react to the scene, analyze the new situation, and decide upon the next course of action. |
DCF Interframe Space | The IEEE 802.11 family of standards describe the DCF protocol, which controls access to the physical medium. A station must sense the status of the wireless medium before transmitting. If it finds that the medium is continuously idle for DCF Interframe Space (DIFS) duration, it is then permitted to transmit a frame. If the channel is found busy during the DIFS interval, the station should defer its transmission. |
Crossing of cheques | A crossed cheque is a cheque that has been marked specifying an instruction on the way it is to be redeemed. A common instruction is for the cheque to be deposited directly to an account with a bank and not to be immediately cashed by the holder over the bank counter. The format and wording varies between countries, but generally, two parallel lines may be placed either vertically across the cheque or on the top left hand corner of the cheque. By using crossed cheques, cheque writers can effectively protect the instrument from being stolen or cashed by unauthorized persons.Cheques can be open (uncrossed) or crossed. |
Skip (audio playback) | A skip occurs when a phonograph (gramophone), cassette tape or compact disc player malfunctions or is disturbed so as to play incorrectly, causing a break in sound or a jump to another part of the recording. |
KCND3 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3 also known as Kv4.3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCND3 gene. It contributes to the cardiac transient outward potassium current (Ito1), the main contributing current to the repolarizing phase 1 of the cardiac action potential. |
Q fever | Q fever or query fever is a disease caused by infection with Coxiella burnetii, a bacterium that affects humans and other animals. This organism is uncommon, but may be found in cattle, sheep, goats, and other domestic mammals, including cats and dogs. The infection results from inhalation of a spore-like small-cell variant, and from contact with the milk, urine, feces, vaginal mucus, or semen of infected animals. Rarely, the disease is tick-borne. The incubation period can range from 9 to 40 days. Humans are vulnerable to Q fever, and infection can result from even a few organisms. The bacterium is an obligate intracellular pathogenic parasite. |
Position (poker) | Position in poker refers to the order in which players are seated around the table and the related poker strategy implications. Players who act first are in "early position"; players who act later are in "late position"; players who act in between are in "middle position". A player "has position" on opponents acting before him and is "out of position" to opponents acting after him. Because players act in clockwise order, a player "has position" on opponents seated to his right, except when the opponent has the button and certain cases in the first betting round of games with blinds. |
Serre's conjecture II (algebra) | In mathematics, Jean-Pierre Serre conjectured the following statement regarding the Galois cohomology of a simply connected semisimple algebraic group. Namely, he conjectured that if G is such a group over a perfect field F of cohomological dimension at most 2, then the Galois cohomology set H1(F, G) is zero. |
Resorcinol | Resorcinol (or resorcin) is a phenolic compound. It is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(OH)2. It is one of three isomeric benzenediols, the 1,3-isomer (or meta-isomer). Resorcinol crystallizes from benzene as colorless needles that are readily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, but insoluble in chloroform and carbon disulfide. |
Stick-built construction | A stick-built home is a wooden house constructed entirely or largely on-site; that is, built on the site which it is intended to occupy upon its completion rather than in a factory or similar facility. This term is used to contrast such a dwelling with mobile homes and modular homes that are assembled in a factory and transported to the site entirely or mostly complete and hence are not "stick-built". |
Platelet-activating factor receptor | The platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R) is a G-protein coupled receptor which binds platelet-activating factor. It is encoded in the human by the PTAFR gene.
The PAF receptor shows structural characteristics of the rhodopsin (MIM 180380) gene family and binds platelet-activating factor (PAF). PAF is a phospholipid (1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) that has been implicated as a mediator in diverse pathologic processes, such as allergy, asthma, septic shock, arterial thrombosis, and inflammatory processes.[supplied by OMIM] Its pathogenetic role in chronic kidney failure has also been reported recently. |
Sodium fluoride | Sodium fluoride (NaF) is an inorganic compound with the formula NaF. It is a colorless or white solid that is readily soluble in water. It is used in trace amounts in the fluoridation of drinking water to prevent tooth decay, and in toothpastes and topical pharmaceuticals for the same purpose. In 2020, it was the 265th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions. It is also used in metallurgy and in medical imaging. |
Bulverism | Bulverism is a type of ad hominem rhetorical fallacy that combines circular reasoning and the genetic fallacy with presumption or condescension. The Bulverist assumes a speaker's argument is invalid or false and then explains why the speaker came to make that mistake or to be so silly (even if the opponent's claim is actually right) by attacking the speaker or the speaker's motive. |
SimScale | SimScale is a computer-aided engineering (CAE) software product based on cloud computing. SimScale was developed by SimScale GmbH and allows computational fluid dynamics, finite element analysis and thermal simulations. The backend of the platform uses open source codes: FEA: Code_Aster and CalculiX CFD: OpenFOAMThe cloud-based platform of SimScale allows users to run more simulations, and in turn iterate more design changes, compared to traditional local computer-based systems. |
Physical strength | Physical strength is the measure of a human's exertion of force on physical objects. Increasing physical strength is the goal of strength training. |
1,2-Dichloroethene | 1,2-Dichloroethene, commonly called 1,2-dichloroethylene or 1,2-DCE, is the name for a pair of organochlorine compounds with the molecular formula C2H2Cl2. They are both colorless liquids with a sweet odor. It can exist as either of two geometric isomers, cis-1,2-dichloroethene or trans-1,2-dichloroethene, but is often used as a mixture of the two. They have modest solubility in water. These compounds have some applications as a degreasing solvent. In contrast to most cis-trans compounds, the Z isomer (cis) is more stable than the E isomer (trans) by 0.4 kcal/mol. |
Wet stacking | Wet stacking is a condition in diesel engines in which unburned fuel passes on into the exhaust system. The word "stacking" comes from the term "stack" for exhaust pipe or chimney stack. The oily exhaust pipe is therefore a "wet stack". |
Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol | Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) (RFC 6830) is a "map-and-encapsulate" protocol which is developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force LISP Working Group. The basic idea behind the separation is that the Internet architecture combines two functions, routing locators (where a client is attached to the network) and identifiers (who the client is) in one number space: the IP address. LISP supports the separation of the IPv4 and IPv6 address space following a network-based map-and-encapsulate scheme (RFC 1955). In LISP, both identifiers and locators can be IP addresses or arbitrary elements like a set of GPS coordinates or a MAC address. |
Instruments (software) | Instruments (formerly Xray) is an application performance analyzer and visualizer, integrated in Xcode 3.0 and later versions of Xcode. It is built on top of the DTrace tracing framework from OpenSolaris, which was ported to Mac OS X v10.5 and which is available in all following versions of macOS. |
Dogic | The Dogic () is an icosahedron-shaped puzzle like the Rubik's Cube. The 5 triangles meeting at its tips may be rotated, or 5 entire faces (including the triangles) around the tip may be rotated. It has a total of 80 movable pieces to rearrange, compared to the 20 pieces in the Rubik's Cube. |
Esquisse d'un Programme | "Esquisse d'un Programme" (Sketch of a Programme) is a famous proposal for long-term mathematical research made by the German-born, French mathematician Alexander Grothendieck in 1984. He pursued the sequence of logically linked ideas in his important project proposal from 1984 until 1988, but his proposed research continues to date to be of major interest in several branches of advanced mathematics. Grothendieck's vision provides inspiration today for several developments in mathematics such as the extension and generalization of Galois theory, which is currently being extended based on his original proposal. |
Ermakov–Lewis invariant | Many quantum mechanical Hamiltonians are time dependent. Methods to solve problems where there is an explicit time dependence is an open subject nowadays. It is important to look for constants of motion or invariants for problems of this kind. For the (time dependent) harmonic oscillator it is possible to write several invariants, among them, the Ermakov–Lewis invariant which is developed below. |
Alcohol myopia | Alcohol myopia is a cognitive-physiological theory on alcohol use disorder in which many of alcohol's social and stress-reducing effects, which may underlie its addictive capacity, are explained as a consequence of alcohol's narrowing of perceptual and cognitive functioning. The alcohol myopia model posits that rather than disinhibit, alcohol produces a myopia effect that causes users to pay more attention to salient environmental cues and less attention to less salient cues. Therefore, alcohol's myopic effects cause intoxicated people to respond almost exclusively to their immediate environment. This "nearsightedness" limits their ability to consider future consequences of their actions as well as regulate their reactive impulses.Alcohol's ability to alter behavior and decision-making stems from its impact on synaptic transmission at GABA receptors. Alcohol's effects on the synaptic level dampen the brain's processing ability and limit attentional capacity.Overall, the alcohol myopia theory proposes that intoxicated individuals will act rashly and will choose overly simple solutions to complex problems. |
International Academy of Pathology | The International Academy of Pathology, originally called the International Association of Medical Museums (IAMM), is an institution dedicated "to the advancement of Pathology". In 1906, it was established by Dr. William Osler and Maude Abbott.
Its first documented meeting occurred on May 6, 1907.
In 1955, the IAMM was rename as the International Academy of Pathology (IAP). |
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