query_halid stringlengths 8 12 | query stringlengths 3 104k | query_year stringdate 1970-01-01 00:00:00 2025-01-01 00:00:00 | query_domain listlengths 1 7 | query_affiliations listlengths 1 298 | query_authorids listlengths 1 174 | pos_halid stringlengths 8 12 | positive stringlengths 3 118k | pos_year stringdate 1970-01-01 00:00:00 2025-01-01 00:00:00 | pos_domain listlengths 1 10 | pos_affiliations listlengths 1 298 | pos_authorids listlengths 1 174 | neg_halids stringlengths 8 12 | negative stringlengths 3 65k | neg_year stringdate 1966-01-01 00:00:00 2025-01-01 00:00:00 | neg_domain listlengths 1 7 | neg_affiliations listlengths 1 484 | neg_authorids listlengths 1 196 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
01741085 | The analysis of the FFT patterns show that the growth of the particles always occurs in the (002) direction, indicating that they are growing along the c axis direction such as the
[[D (310) ] Mgx, GA(n) / [D (310) ] CaHAp ]% 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
Functionalization of CaHAp with glutamic acid
Speciation of the interface apatite-solution
The influence of the glutamic acid amount on the textural properties of CaHAp was examined (Table 5). We obtained 43 m 2 /g for Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp and after functionalization 30 m 2 /g and 24 m 2 /g for Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA [START_REF] Hamad | Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de fluoroapatites mixtes à cations bivalents Pb-Cd, Pb-Sr et Sr-Cd[END_REF] and Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA [START_REF] Li | Dopamine Modified Organic -Inorganic Hybrid Coating for Antimicrobial and Osteogenesis[END_REF], respectively. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | The crystallite sizes D (002) and D (310) decrease slowly with the concentration of magnesium whereas the addition of glutamic acid induces a bigger change in the crystallinity. It would appear that the glutamic acid is the component most responsible for the loss of crystallinity which could be explained by the presence of the groups COO -on the surface of materials. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 03355179 | a) 2000, b), 8000, c), 16000, d), 32000, e) 64000 f) 128000; g)
[
Au 3+ ] 40 µM and then gradually increases. Finally, we varied the ratio of Au 3+ /DRs by changing the concentration of CdSe/CdS DRs and keeping all the other parameters constant. | 2021 | [
"chim"
] | [
"136813",
"525101",
"1077356",
"1077356",
"1077356",
"136813",
"525101"
] | [
"763158",
"21629",
"181909"
] |
01741085 | These results are in good agreement with those obtained by Oberto Da Silva et al. [START_REF] Silva | Hydroxyapatite organofunctionalized with salivating agents to heavy cation removal[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | The total number of protons consumed during titrations of different samples is determined using this equation:
OH ) pH ) Ke ( Log ( 10 H pH 10 V blanc ) b V b C a V a C ( susp ) b V b C a V a C exp S
8(B)
). This quantity of protons (H + ) is deduced from the difference between the amount of (H + ) added to the suspension and the amount of free (H + ) in solution. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 02899305 | This crude emulsion is then sheared using a Couette cell applying a shear rate of 14 280 s -1 during about 10 s. We chose preparing highly concentrated emulsions in order to better reduce the average drop size and to narrow the drop size distribution [START_REF] Mabille | Monodisperse fragmentation in emulsions: Mechanisms and kinetics[END_REF][START_REF] Mabille | Rheological and Shearing Conditions for the Preparation of Monodisperse Emulsions[END_REF]. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that shearing a concentrated emulsion is highly efficient. | 2021 | [
"chim"
] | [
"247140",
"464966",
"1087107",
"247140",
"464966",
"463"
] | [
"931735",
"1218688"
] |
01741085 | Thermal analysis
The (TG) curves of Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp, Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA [START_REF] Hamad | Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de fluoroapatites mixtes à cations bivalents Pb-Cd, Pb-Sr et Sr-Cd[END_REF] and Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA [START_REF] Li | Dopamine Modified Organic -Inorganic Hybrid Coating for Antimicrobial and Osteogenesis[END_REF] samples are reported in figure 1. The thermal decomposition shows a first weight loss between 50°C and 200°C, assigned to the removal of physisorbed water. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | Powder characterization
N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms were performed at 77 K using a Micromeritics ASAP 2000 instrument. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller equation was used to calculate the specific surface area (S BET ). | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 03403506 | Calculation of vibrational frequencies has confirmed stationary point with no negative eigenvalue observed in the force constant matrix. HOMO-LUMO analysis of cholesterol, methylene blue and PIM-1 and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and NBO analysis are presented in Supporting Information (Figure S3-S7). | 2021 | [
"chim"
] | [
"494858",
"494858",
"303461",
"494858",
"1067477",
"1067477",
"60512",
"553346"
] | [
"783193",
"177969",
"21321"
] |
01741085 | Table 1
1 Chemical composition (% weight ±0.02) of grafted mixed CaMgHAp. Samples %Ca %Mg %P %C (Ca + Mg)/P
CaHAp 39.31 - 18.09 0.12 1.68
Ca 9.5 Mg 0.5 HA 38.14 0.98 18.66 0.15 1.65
p Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp 35.28 1.82 18.01 0.18 1.64
CaHAp-GA(10) 39.05 - 18.15 0.72 1.66
Ca 9.5 Mg 0.5 HAp- 37.94 1.08 18.63 0.87 1.64
GA(10) Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp- 34.05 1.89 17.98 1.12 1.59
GA(10) CaHAp-GA(20) 38.97 - 18.23 1.25 1.65
Ca 9.5 Mg 0.5 HAp- 37.23 1.13 18.58 1.49 1.63
GA(20) Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp- 32.51 2.03 17.88 2.58 1.55
GA(20)
Table 4 :
4 Evolution size of the apatite crystallites with magnesium and glutamic acid for the reflexion (002) and (310). | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | 2 Fig. 2. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 03359643 | A good agreement is found between the spectra of the periodic MOF-5 computed using BSE/GW /Gau-PBE and BSE/GW /PBE as shown in Fig. S6. | 2021 | [
"chim"
] | [
"1043114",
"1043211",
"215109"
] | [
"739554",
"2238"
] |
01741085 | The titrations were carried out on suspensions of different samples of apatite obtained by adding 0.15 g of apatite to 30 mL of electrolyte (NaCl) and then 1.5 mL of 0.1M NaOH. The titrant used is 0.1 M hydrochloric acid prepared from 1M HCl, at the same ionic strength as the electrolyte by the addition of NaCl. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | In particular, the bands observed at 1598, 1445 and 1261cm -1 (Fig. 4b,4c), which are not present in the spectrum of Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp (Fig. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 03026664 | We note that it was necessary to include the effect of shear thinning on the viscosity of the PEO phase in order to fit the data at high shear rates. It appears that the three fit parameters of eqs 2 and 3 ( c , d and ) are enough to describe the viscosity well as a function of increasing shear rate in spite of the fact that the theory does not consider strand formation at high shear rates. | 2020 | [
"chim"
] | [
"203902",
"203902",
"203902",
"203902"
] | [
"739294",
"169828",
"176113"
] |
01741085 | The initial pH i value measured in aqueous solutions increase with the glutamic acid ratio. We recorded 8.9 and 9.3 for Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA [START_REF] Hamad | Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de fluoroapatites mixtes à cations bivalents Pb-Cd, Pb-Sr et Sr-Cd[END_REF] and Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA(20) respectively against only 8.4 for Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | ( H+ ) and ( OH-) are the coefficient of the dissociation activity of H + and OH -calculated by Debye-strength of solution (mol/L), A=0.507, B=0.328.10 -8 and i 0 is the effective diameter (Fig. Fig. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 03320901 | 4). It is indeed peculiar that the complexes formed with the longer-chain surfactant are the less surface active at low surfactant concentrations, thus suggesting that the alkyl chain does not stick out of water under those conditions. | 2021 | [
"chim"
] | [
"151875",
"151875",
"151875",
"303340",
"591",
"756",
"1161074",
"237201"
] | [
"765834",
"1107526",
"741685",
"174095"
] |
01741085 | Apatites are component of bones and teeth [START_REF] Wang | FT-IR and XRD study of bovine bone mineral and carbonated apatites with different carbonate levels[END_REF][START_REF] Kanwal | In-vitro apatite formation capacity of a bioactive glass -containing toothpaste[END_REF]. Apatites belong to the phosphate family of compounds, and are of general formula M 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Y 2 where M is a divalent cation: Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb…, and Y a hydroxyl (OH) or halide (F, Cl) [START_REF] Bulina | Fast synthesis of Lasubstituted apatite by the dry mechanochemical method and analysis of its structure[END_REF][START_REF] Lim | Enhancing osteoconductivity and biocompatibility of silver-substituted apatite in vivo through silicon cosubstitution[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | 3. (Left) Circular dichroism spectrum and (right) UV absorption curves of (a) glutamic acid and (b) Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA(20). | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 03008848 | In this context, the perpetual development of new concepts for the introduction of fluorine or fluorine containing groups is highly appealing. On the other hand, reducing the concentration of atmospheric CO2 is considered one of the most challenging tasks that scientists are facing nowadays. | 2019 | [
"chim"
] | [
"24487",
"24487"
] | [
"739430"
] |
01741085 | 7A. TEM images (Scale bars=50 nm) of CaHAp, Ca 9.5 Mg 0.5 HAp, Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA(10) and Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA(20). | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | Nitrogen sorption isotherms for dried powders were recorded at 77K using a sorptometer EMS-53 and KELVIN 1040/1042 (Costech International). Points of Zero Charge (PZC) and Iso-Electric Point (IPE) of the samples are determined by zeta potential measurements, using a Malvern Nano ZS. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 04169546 | The samples were heated from room temperature to 450 °C with a temperature ramp of 2 °C/min under secondary vacuum (10 -6 mbar) in a homemade apparatus. A Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (MKS MicroVision Plus RGA) recorded the partial H2 pressure while the temperatures were recorded with a type K thermocouple in direct contact with the powder samples. | 2023 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302948",
"302948",
"24508",
"24508",
"1043114",
"302948",
"302948"
] | [
"1272487",
"737476",
"20150",
"1272488"
] |
01741085 | This result is in agreement with the increase of the percentage of carbon determined by chemical analysis. Figure 2 reports the differential thermal analysis curves (DTA) of the samples. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | The weight loss associated with this second process allows evaluation of the relative amount of glutamic acid in the composite hybrids. The values obtained for carbon expressed as wt% of the solid product are reported in Table 2. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 03767295 | A crystallographic study showed that this heterocyclic motif simultaneously coordinated the two zinc ions present in the L1 active site by its N 2 and S 3 atoms. [START_REF] Nauton | Structural insights into the design of inhibitiors of the L1 metallo-b-lactamase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia[END_REF] The same original binding mode was later observed within the active sites of the B1 sub-class VIM-2 [START_REF] Christopeit | Discovery of novel inhibitor scaffolds against the metallo-b-lactamase VIM-2 by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based fragment screening[END_REF][START_REF] Gavara | 4-Amino-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione-derived Schiff bases as metallo-b-lactamase inhibitors[END_REF][START_REF] Spyrakis | Virtual screening identifies broad-spectrum b-lactamase inhibitors with activity on clinically relevant serine-and metallo-carbapenemases[END_REF][START_REF] Legru | 1,2,4-Triazole-3-thione compounds with a 4-ethyl alkyl/aryl sulfide substituent are broad-spectrum metallo-b-lactamase inhibitors with re-sensitization activity[END_REF] and NDM-1 [START_REF] Spyrakis | Virtual screening identifies broad-spectrum b-lactamase inhibitors with activity on clinically relevant serine-and metallo-carbapenemases[END_REF] enzymes. | 2022 | [
"chim"
] | [
"1100660",
"105124",
"105124",
"105124",
"105124",
"1100660",
"105124",
"1100660",
"1100814",
"93075",
"105124",
"1100660"
] | [
"1111704",
"1216980",
"3150"
] |
01741085 | The higher water content in the presence of glutamic acid is consistent with the decrease in the ratio (Ca + Mg) / P. In order, to eliminate the hypothesis of a simple mechanical mixture between glutamic acid and apatite, further data have been recorded from such 20) sample. The FT-IR spectrum of this mixture, which is reported in Fig. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | This indicates that our samples are indeed hydroxyapatite-glutamic acid composites. For the samples CaHAp, Ca 9.5 Mg 0.5 HAp and Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp the increase in carbon amount with the concentration of Mg is explained by the disorder induced by the magnesium substitution promoting the incorporation of carbonates. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 03265357 | 2015, 27 (5),
Supporting Information
The Supporting Information is available free of charge. FT-IR and 29 Si, 31 P, 51 V, 95 Mo, and 183 W NMR spectra of Keggin POMs, additional 1 H NMR data, and ITC thermograms and isotherms. | 2021 | [
"chim"
] | [
"14457",
"14457",
"14457",
"14457",
"14457",
"219804",
"14457"
] | [
"1020628",
"876862",
"1020629"
] |
01741085 | When glutamic acid is present, we observe no difference between Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA [START_REF] Hamad | Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de fluoroapatites mixtes à cations bivalents Pb-Cd, Pb-Sr et Sr-Cd[END_REF] and Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA(20) diffractograms. In contrast, peak shifts are observed compared to the CaHAp and Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp one, in particular for the (211) and ( 222) peaks. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | The amount of the added protons is corrected by the amount of hydroxyl initially added to the suspension. The proton quantity consumed by apatite samples [H + ] shows the same evolution: in an acid medium, [H + ] is between 9 and 12 μmol/m² (pH = 5) for Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp, Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA [START_REF] Hamad | Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de fluoroapatites mixtes à cations bivalents Pb-Cd, Pb-Sr et Sr-Cd[END_REF] and Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA [START_REF] Li | Dopamine Modified Organic -Inorganic Hybrid Coating for Antimicrobial and Osteogenesis[END_REF], respectively. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01702335 | Ecotoxicity
Algal-growth inhibition
The purpose of this test was to determine how extraction solutions affect the growth of freshwater microalgae. Assays were done on Chlorella vulgaris purchased from the culture collection of the Museum of Natural History (Paris). | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"221997",
"79190",
"183894",
"183894",
"221997",
"221997",
"183894",
"183894",
"221997"
] | [
"1207482",
"748044",
"736146"
] |
01741085 | 4d, displays a number of bands due to the two discrete components of the mixture, and indicates the absence of specific interaction between the carboxylic groups of the glutamic acid and the calcium ions of hydroxyapatite. The comparison with the spectra reported in Fig. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | For all samples, we observe a unique apatitic phase belonging to the P6 3 /m space group (n° 9-432-ICDD-PDF). We could not prepare the grafted apatites Ca 8.5 Mg 1.5 HAp-GA(n), since all our preparations failed. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01367689 | The data obtained in the present work suggest that the use of this method might lead to an overestimation of the concentration of trichloramine in the presence of other volatile organic chloramines such as DCMA. The membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) is a more convenient method for the differentiation and the quantification of inorganic and organic chloramines in water and in air [START_REF] Weaver | Volatile disinfection by-product analysis from chlorinated indoor swimming pools[END_REF]. | 2009 | [
"chim"
] | [
"123994",
"123994"
] | [
"9706",
"950000"
] |
01741085 | It has been verified that in calcified tissues, the amount of magnesium associated to the apatitic phase is higher at the beginning of the calcification process and decreases on increasing calcification [START_REF] Gu | Influences of doping mesoporous magnesium silicate on water absorption, drug release, degradability, apatitemineralization and primary cells responses to calcium sulfate based bone cements[END_REF][START_REF] Bigi | Structural and chemical characterization of inorganic deposits in calcified human mitral valve[END_REF][START_REF] Burnell | Normal maturational changes in bone matrix, mineral, and crystal size in the rat[END_REF]. This interest is increasing taking into consideration the ability of such mixed apatites to lead to hybrid organic-inorganic materials by reaction with amino-acids [START_REF] Li | Dopamine Modified Organic -Inorganic Hybrid Coating for Antimicrobial and Osteogenesis[END_REF][START_REF] Yu | Synergistic antibacterial activity of multi components in lysozyme/chitosan/silver/hydroxyapatite hybrid coating[END_REF][START_REF] Hong | Fabrication, biological effects, and medical applications of calcium phosphate nanoceramics[END_REF][START_REF] Padilla | High Specific Surface Area in Nanometric Carbonated Hydroxyapatite[END_REF][START_REF] Sanchez-Salcedo | In vitro structural changes in porous HA/β-TCP scaffolds in simulated body fluid[END_REF][START_REF] Zhou | Nanoscale hydroxyapatite particles for bone tissue engineering[END_REF][START_REF] Carrodeguas | α-Tricalcium phosphate: synthesis, properties and biomedical applications[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | This result verified by measurement of PZC (from 8.6 to 8.8), confirms the functionalization of the surface of Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp by the glutamic acid. Acknowledgments
This research was carried out with the financial support of the University of Monastir, (Tunisia); the University Pierre and Marie Curie and CNRS (France). | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 03880560 | . . | 2022 | [
"chim"
] | [
"1100661"
] | [
"1197164"
] |
01741085 | The presence of magnesium and glutamic acid in the start solution completely modifies the aspect. We obtain large bundles of CaMgHAp-GA fibers (300 nm length /80 nm width). | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | ( H+ ) and ( OH-) are the coefficient of the dissociation activity of H + and OH -calculated by Debye-strength of solution (mol/L), A=0.507, B=0.328.10 -8 and i 0 is the effective diameter (Fig. Fig. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 02445245 | The same type of transition could not be reproduced by MS for the formation of faulted ‹c› loops mostly experimentally observed. This is probably due to the EAM potential used, which artificially stabilizes the BB basal fault. | 2019 | [
"chim"
] | [
"528445",
"174496",
"528389",
"174496"
] | [
"20391",
"181629"
] |
01741085 | We obtain large bundles of CaMgHAp-GA fibers (300 nm length /80 nm width). The HRTEM images (Fig. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | 3. (Left) Circular dichroism spectrum and (right) UV absorption curves of (a) glutamic acid and (b) Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA(20). | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 02932326 | Ionic transport is accelerated by the amorphous network without grain boundary, contributing to the increase in ionic conductivity by several orders of magnitude compared with crystallines [START_REF] Zhao | Designing solid-state electrolytes for safe, energy-dense batteries[END_REF]. Moreover, sulfide glass with loosened transport channels and low binding energy is considered a candidate ionic conductor in producing efficient solid electrolytes [START_REF] Lin | Fast Ag-ion-conducting GeS2-Sb2S3-AgI glassy electrolytes with exceptionally low act ivation energy[END_REF]. | 2020 | [
"chim"
] | [
"322379",
"322379",
"322379",
"194938",
"194938",
"322379"
] | [
"177139",
"177419"
] |
01741085 | Previous works [START_REF] Kaur | Lanthanide (= Ce, Pr, Nd and Tb) Ions Substitution at Calcium Sites of Hydroxyl Apatite Nanoparticles as Fluorescent Bio Probes: Experimental and Density Functional Theory Study[END_REF][START_REF] Badraoui | Synthesis and characterization of Sr (10-x) Cd x (PO 4 ) 6 Y 2 (Y = OH and F): A comparison of apatites containing two divalent cations[END_REF][START_REF] Aissa | Synthesis, X-ray Structural Analysis and Spectroscopic Investigations (IR and 31 P MAS NMR) of Mixed Barium/Strontium Fluoroapatites[END_REF] have shown that steric hindrance related to cations bigger in size than calcium ions, plays an important role in the limitation of the cationic substitution processes. Magnesium is undoubtedly one of the most important bivalent ions associated to biological apatites [START_REF] Geng | Synthesis, characterization and the formation mechanism of magnesium-and strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite[END_REF][START_REF] Geng | Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of strontium/magnesium-co-substituted hydroxyapatite[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | FT-IR spectra of: (a) Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp, (b) Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA(10), (c) Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA(20), (d) Mixed Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-glutamic acid and (e) glutamic acid. Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA(10) Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA(20) COO-asym.str. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 03918981 | EDC.HCl, widely used together with DMAP as a base, in a catalytic amount, in solution or in solvent-free conditions, 4,18,36 was investigated. 10 minutes of mixing 1 and 2 in the extruder together with EDC.HCl and DMAP yielded an incomplete conversion towards the expected product (entry 1). | 2022 | [
"chim"
] | [
"1100660"
] | [
"1373431"
] |
01741085 | Broadening of the diffraction lines increases with the concentration of magnesium and glutamic acid. The crystallite sizes were calculated from the broadening of the (0 0 2) and (3 1 0) using the Scherrer equation [START_REF] Bigi | Strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite nanocrystals[END_REF]:
β 1/2 cosθ Kλ D hkl
Where is the diffraction angle, the wavelength and K a constant depending on the crystal (chosen as 0.9 for apatite crystallites) and β ½ is the line width at full width at half maximum (FWHM), of a given reflection. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | This result verified by measurement of PZC (from 8.6 to 8.8), confirms the functionalization of the surface of Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp by the glutamic acid. Acknowledgments
This research was carried out with the financial support of the University of Monastir, (Tunisia); the University Pierre and Marie Curie and CNRS (France). | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 02370851 | C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl 3 ): d = 208.84,
160.81, 156.96, 136.02, 132.71, 127.25, 74.99, 71.90,
43.26, 27.18, 0.29 ppm; IR (drift KBr): m = 2956, 1693,
1541, 1241, 1050, 1009, 931, 846 cm -1 ; HRMS (ESI): m/z
calcd. for C 14 H 21 BrNO 2 Si ([M?H] ? ) | 2019 | [
"chim"
] | [
"24488",
"24488"
] | [
"178596"
] |
01741085 | An empirical relation between X c and β ½ was deduced, according to the following equation [START_REF] Ren | Characterization and structural analysis of zinc-substituted hydroxyapatites[END_REF]: X c = [K A / 1/2 ] 3 . Where K A is a constant set at 0.24 and β ½ is the FWHM of the (0 0 2) reflection, the 4. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | The HRTEM images (Fig. 7B) reveal that theses fibers are thin (15 nm wide) and stacked together to each other. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01761299 | Second, the macroscopic scale behavior of the composite is obtained from that of the bundle and the inter-bundle components. DirectDetailed numerical simulation are presented in an appendix to validate two postulates used in the analytical model (vertical mass transfer, representativeity of the perpendicular fiber and yarn model for other orientations). | 2017 | [
"chim"
] | [
"19229",
"19229",
"19229"
] | [
"8801"
] |
01741085 | 5 . 5 Fig. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | In particular, the bands observed at 1598, 1445 and 1261cm -1 (Fig. 4b,4c), which are not present in the spectrum of Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp (Fig. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01974103 | The linear absorption coefficient spectra recorded from the GaLaK-x glass samples are presented in Figure 6. Moreover, one can observe in inset the subtle short wavelength cut-off redshift with increasing the KNbO 3 concentration. | 2019 | [
"chim"
] | [
"13380",
"525101",
"525101",
"13380",
"24493",
"525101",
"525101",
"13380"
] | [
"741668",
"836206",
"734796"
] |
01741085 | Previous works [START_REF] Kaur | Lanthanide (= Ce, Pr, Nd and Tb) Ions Substitution at Calcium Sites of Hydroxyl Apatite Nanoparticles as Fluorescent Bio Probes: Experimental and Density Functional Theory Study[END_REF][START_REF] Badraoui | Synthesis and characterization of Sr (10-x) Cd x (PO 4 ) 6 Y 2 (Y = OH and F): A comparison of apatites containing two divalent cations[END_REF][START_REF] Aissa | Synthesis, X-ray Structural Analysis and Spectroscopic Investigations (IR and 31 P MAS NMR) of Mixed Barium/Strontium Fluoroapatites[END_REF] have shown that steric hindrance related to cations bigger in size than calcium ions, plays an important role in the limitation of the cationic substitution processes. Magnesium is undoubtedly one of the most important bivalent ions associated to biological apatites [START_REF] Geng | Synthesis, characterization and the formation mechanism of magnesium-and strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite[END_REF][START_REF] Geng | Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of strontium/magnesium-co-substituted hydroxyapatite[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | We cannot exclude also that interactions between COO -and surface POH groups are possible. The fixation is due to the simultaneous presence of -COO-/Ca 2+ / Mg 2+ electrostatic interactions and H-bonds between NH 3 + protons and surface oxygen atoms of the PO 4 group [START_REF] Almora-Barrios | Density functional theory study of the binding of glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline to the Hydroxyapatite (001) and (010) surfaces[END_REF][START_REF] Rimola | Ab initiomodelling of protein/biomaterial interactions: glycine adsorption at hydroxyapatite surfaces[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 03670177 | Effect of initial solution pH on the dye retention. T=25C°, m=0,025 [dye] = 55,74 mg/L
( 7 )
7 qe: the capacity of the adsorption at equilibrium C0: initial concentration of Cong red in mg/L Ce: the concentration of the Cong red at equilibrium in mol/lL V: the volume of the solution of the treated Cong red (10 mL) M: the molar mass of Congo red dye m: the mass of ZnAl-SO4 (0.025 g) R: the perfect gas constant (R= 8.314 J mol -1 K -1 ) Kd: the distribution coefficient between the aqueous and solid phases
Figure 9 . | 2022 | [
"chim"
] | [
"543948",
"543948",
"543948",
"901"
] | [
"178072"
] |
01741085 | This ability to trap substituents in their structures leads to the formation of total or *Manuscript Click here to view linked References partial solid solutions. The substitution processes are controlled by the crystallographic rules related mainly to: ionic radius, charge, electronegativity and polarisability [START_REF] Hamad | Synthèse et étude physico-chimique de fluoroapatites mixtes à cations bivalents Pb-Cd, Pb-Sr et Sr-Cd[END_REF][START_REF] Ben Moussa | Synthesis, Rietveld refinements and electrical conductivity of news fluorobritholite based on lead Ca 7x Pb x La 3 (PO 4 ) 3 (SiO 4 ) 3 F 2 (0 x 2)[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | The fixation is due to the simultaneous presence of -COO-/Ca 2+ / Mg 2+ electrostatic interactions and H-bonds between NH 3 + protons and surface oxygen atoms of the PO 4 group [START_REF] Almora-Barrios | Density functional theory study of the binding of glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline to the Hydroxyapatite (001) and (010) surfaces[END_REF][START_REF] Rimola | Ab initiomodelling of protein/biomaterial interactions: glycine adsorption at hydroxyapatite surfaces[END_REF]. The nature of interactions between the apatite surface and a glutamic acid depends on the pH value of the medium. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 00105434 | 2a). The H2 pressure decreased to 0.2 Torr within ~200 min and then stabilised. | 2006 | [
"chim"
] | [
"456",
"456",
"456"
] | [
"10556"
] |
01741085 | TEM images (Scale bars=50 nm) of CaHAp, Ca 9.5 Mg 0.5 HAp, Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA(10) and Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA(20). specific surface area (m 2 /g) exposed in the suspension, V is total volume of solution; C a and C b are the HCl and NaOH concentration used for titration. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | In contrast, peak shifts are observed compared to the CaHAp and Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp one, in particular for the (211) and ( 222) peaks. This phenomenon that we have already described was attributed to a better interaction of the glutamic acid with the faces parallel to the axis c during the process of crystalline growth [START_REF] Ben Moussa | Hybrid organic-inorganic materials based on hydroxyapatite structure[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 03025282 | Taking benefit from the versatility brought by the introduction of a chlorine atom on the olefinic derivative as a "synthetic transformable handle" for post-functionalization, we investigated further structural modifications by the transformation of the carbon-chlorine bond into other carbon-functional groups (Scheme 4). Reaction of 2a with morpholine led to the corresponding product 5 as the single Eisomer, ascertained by NMR. | 2020 | [
"chim"
] | [
"141329",
"141329",
"141329",
"141329"
] | [
"183999",
"179883",
"171710"
] |
01741085 | The CaHAp sample shows a (Ca/P) molar ratio very close to the targeted stoichiometric value of 1.67. For the apatite series, the (Ca+Mg/P) ratio decreased from the starting CaHAp (1.68) to Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA [START_REF] Li | Dopamine Modified Organic -Inorganic Hybrid Coating for Antimicrobial and Osteogenesis[END_REF] (1.55). | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | Magnesium is undoubtedly one of the most important bivalent ions associated to biological apatites [START_REF] Geng | Synthesis, characterization and the formation mechanism of magnesium-and strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite[END_REF][START_REF] Geng | Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of strontium/magnesium-co-substituted hydroxyapatite[END_REF]. It has been verified that in calcified tissues, the amount of magnesium associated to the apatitic phase is higher at the beginning of the calcification process and decreases on increasing calcification [START_REF] Gu | Influences of doping mesoporous magnesium silicate on water absorption, drug release, degradability, apatitemineralization and primary cells responses to calcium sulfate based bone cements[END_REF][START_REF] Bigi | Structural and chemical characterization of inorganic deposits in calcified human mitral valve[END_REF][START_REF] Burnell | Normal maturational changes in bone matrix, mineral, and crystal size in the rat[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 04223194 | The polymer was analyzed in dimethylacetamide (DMAC) GPC (M n = 34.8 kg mol -1 ; Ð = 1.15) and by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. PISA via RAFT Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization
PISA protocol was performed via RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of HPMA with P(GMA 62 -stat-(MAm-GFF) 7 ) macro-CTA as described below (Scheme 1). | 2023 | [
"chim"
] | [
"1100821",
"1100660",
"1100821",
"1100821",
"1100660",
"1100807",
"1100821"
] | [
"739490"
] |
01741085 | This result indicates an increase in positive surface charge sites, on amino-acid grafted apatites [START_REF] Kollath | A Modular Approach To Study Protein Adsorption on Surface Modified Hydroxyapatite[END_REF]. Whereas the value of pH IEP is 7. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | (Left) Circular dichroism spectrum and (right) UV absorption curves of (a) glutamic acid and (b) Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA(20). 9
9 Mg 1 HAp and glutamic acid in the same relative amounts as those contained in the Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA(
Fig. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01613778 | The FTO (Fluorine doped Tin Oxide) substrate (3x3 cm, 600 nm of FTO-deposited by CVD) was purchased from Solems. Synthesis of Ag/TiO2 films
Mesoporous TiO2 films were synthesized using the Evaporation Induced Self Assembly (EISA) technique. | 2017 | [
"chim"
] | [
"752",
"752",
"752",
"752",
"752"
] | [
"15404",
"175276",
"12092"
] |
01741085 | 4b and4c, which show also a small shift of the carboxylic stretching band to lower wave numbers, in agreement with an increase of the C-O bond length can be attributed to those of the organic moieties grafted on calcium or magnesium atoms on the surface of the hydroxyapatite, in agreement with the results previously reported for CaHAp modified by amino-acids [START_REF] Ben Moussa | Hybrid organic-inorganic materials based on hydroxyapatite structure[END_REF][START_REF] Bachoua | Preparation and characterization of functionalized hybrid hydroxyapatite from phosphorite and its potential application to Pb 2+ remediation[END_REF]. Table 3
FTIR Spectral data (±5) of Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA(10), Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp-GA [START_REF] Li | Dopamine Modified Organic -Inorganic Hybrid Coating for Antimicrobial and Osteogenesis[END_REF], and pure glutamic acid. | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01741085 | : stretching
X-ray analysis
The X-ray powder diffractograms for CaHAp and Ca 9 Mg 1 HAp synthesized with or without the presence of glutamic acid are shown in figure 5. In table 4, we reported the size of the apatite crystallites induced by magnesium and glutamic acid for the reflections (002) and (310). | 2018 | [
"chim"
] | [
"302159",
"302159",
"541749",
"541749",
"302159"
] | [
"757617",
"183142"
] | 01440965 | [START_REF] Garcia-Bosch | Copper-Catalyzed Oxidation of Alkanes with H2O2 under a Fenton-like Regime[END_REF] Although plausible with model complexes, Fenton mechanism would not be expected for the selective oxidations (C1 or C4) performed by LPMO enzymes. This work however sheds light on species that should be considered in discussions of mechanism of mononuclear copper-containing systems. | 2017 | [
"chim"
] | [
"186403",
"457497",
"186403",
"246549",
"246549",
"457497",
"457497",
"198056",
"186403",
"186403"
] | [
"11897",
"5143",
"14925"
] |
01744738 | They correspond to the main direction of measurement. The rotation along the S1 axis allows various angles χ or ψ to be probed. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03482356 | t = FF H S S (9)
For the proposed FEMU-UF [START_REF] Mathieu | Estimation of Elastoplastic Parameters via Weighted FEMU and Integrated-DIC[END_REF], Tomičević et al., 2016) approach, the global Hessian matrix [HUF] then becomes the sum of the kinematic and static Hessian matrices
. =+ UF U F H H H (10)
In the following, the total Hessian matrix [HUF], displacement and force sensitivity fields are evaluated and compared for both considered sample geometries. | 2022 | [
"phys"
] | [
"455517",
"455517",
"455517",
"1042695"
] | [
"9087"
] | 01013947 | The benefit of our current transmission is that we can see more microscopic information about the transmission process. 0|j 1,a 1 j 2,b 1 |B = 0|j 2,a 1 j 1,b 1 |B = -d ab k c 0|B . | 2014 | [
"phys"
] | [
"53952",
"259406"
] | [
"824"
] |
01744738 | The final outputs of the two registration algorithms are σ φ , τ φ , and ˜ ψ=0 = ln(sin θ 0 ) -S 1 tr(σ). 5 Results of stress analyses
Validation of the registration techniques
Six loading steps were applied (Figure 14) on the Ti64 sample ranging from 0 to 660 MPa. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03482356 | 8). For the DIN sample, the condition number was equal to 3, whereas for the dogbone it was 4. | 2022 | [
"phys"
] | [
"455517",
"455517",
"455517",
"1042695"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03306350 | (20)
These bounds are particularly large, especially for elongated structures. It must not be considered as an indicator of the order of magnitude of these variables, but rather as a maximum bounds (physically unreachable in general). | 2021 | [
"phys"
] | [
"75",
"75",
"1002387"
] | [
"1187863",
"1079932"
] |
01744738 | . . | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03482356 | The sensitivity fields are displayed for the last analyzed image. A line of pixels is plotted for each analyzed image next to the sensitivity field
Fig. | 2022 | [
"phys"
] | [
"455517",
"455517",
"455517",
"1042695"
] | [
"9087"
] | 02317373 | Overview of the XEMIS2 cryogenics facility. From left to right: purification system, ReStoX and XEMIS2. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"493487",
"481502",
"493487",
"493487",
"493487",
"3008",
"493487",
"238356",
"238356",
"1063689",
"303623",
"303623",
"2",
"493487",
"3008",
"473973",
"493487",
"493487",
"493487",
"481502",
"493487",
"2",
"493487",
"481502",
"481502",
"238356",
"493487",
"4815... | [
"14179",
"1345665",
"752010",
"15492",
"171746",
"171738",
"925839",
"177542",
"171742"
] |
01744738 | The aim is to carry out in-situ tensile tests. It is an alternative way to benchmark stress analyses via XRD. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03482356 | However, due to the a priori known strain localization area, the dogbone sample is a more suitable choice since a smaller region of the sample can be monitored in more detail. Last, it is worth noting that the present framework, which was applied to Ludwik's law up to the ultimate load, can be used to analyze different constitutive postulates as well as different geometries. | 2022 | [
"phys"
] | [
"455517",
"455517",
"455517",
"1042695"
] | [
"9087"
] | 02473883 | State of the art algorithms [START_REF] Hervé | Method for observing a sample, by calculation of a complex image[END_REF] are used to reconstruct an amplitude and a phase map from the acquired hologram. Both brightfield and phase imaging allows to obtain morphological information on the studied object. | 2019 | [
"phys"
] | [
"40214",
"199338",
"206060",
"206060",
"206060",
"40214",
"199338",
"389416",
"40214"
] | [
"1050821",
"941424",
"742615"
] |
01744738 | For millimetric probed volumes, such multi-phase microstructures induce shallow and noisy diffraction signals. Two peak registration techniques are introduced and validated thanks to tensile tests performed on two titanium alloy samples. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03482356 | The DIN sample contained two parallel edges in the gauge region, whereas the dogbone sample was thinned in the center with a radius of 75 mm. The main results of this work are:
• the DIN sample provided better condition number of the diagonalized Hessian matrix,
• the dogbone sample displayed higher sensitivity for the elastic parameters (i.e., Young's modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν), • similar sensitivities were reported for the yield stress σy, • higher sensitivity for the hardening modulus K was observed for the DIN sample, whereas for the hardening exponent n, higher sensitivity was observed for its counterpart, • the Dogbone sample exhibited increased sensitivity to parameter changes around the strain localization zone. | 2022 | [
"phys"
] | [
"455517",
"455517",
"455517",
"1042695"
] | [
"9087"
] | 01533810 | One can note a very good agreement between the analytical model and the numerical model. FIG. | 2017 | [
"phys"
] | [
"302918",
"1402",
"1402",
"1402",
"1402",
"1402",
"1402"
] | [
"13644",
"184751",
"183637"
] |
01744738 | 11 :
11 Fig. 11: Linear position sensor (LPS) and goniometer geometry
2
2 are the X-Ray elasticity constants depending on the diffracting planes, and ˜ ψ=0 = ln(sin θ 0 ) -S {213} 1 tr(σ) will be referred to as composite strain. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 02342217 | This Note is devoted to establishing an expression of the average pull-out length. σ(T,z)
T 0 z 2L R 1 2τ/R
Fiber Failure Rupture de fibre
σ p 2L R 2L Π R z Figure 1. | 1994 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 00467925 | In order to be coherent, P is defined over a few layers (∼ 10), while s jk is relative to one layer and the layer polarization is not a macroscopic quantity [37]. One has to introduce the macroscopic OOP Q jk =< s jk > which is an average over the same area. | 2010 | [
"phys"
] | [
"463"
] | [
"860890"
] |
01744738 | The standard DIC stress uncertainty is equal to 30 MPa
Fig. 24 :
24 Fig. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 02342217 | Le calcul de la résistance des CMC nécessite la connaissance de la longueur moyenne d'extraction et une étude dans laquelle la longueur de l'élément représentatif varie avec la charge appliquée. On considère un élément de composite de longueur 2L R (Fig. | 1994 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 02094245 | A direct modeling approach is extremely difficult since the problem is a combination of degassing and evaporation [START_REF] Faghri | Transport phenomena in multiphase systems[END_REF][START_REF] Esmaeeli | Computation of explosive boiling in microgravity[END_REF]. The plate in contact with the bubble is heated and this creates a tem perature distribution in the liquid. | 2016 | [
"phys"
] | [
"303184",
"303184",
"690",
"690"
] | [
"1196292"
] |
01744738 | The influence of the peak position uncertainty on stress resolutions is easily computed since the stress extraction is a linear least squares problem in terms of ˜ φψ (see Equation ( 6)). The covariance matrix of the stress extraction technique reads
[Cov σ ] = [C] -1 [c] † [Cov ][c][C] -1 (12)
with
[C] = [c] † [c] (13)
and
[c] = 1 2 S 2 sin 2 ψ 1 2 S 2 sin 2ψ 1 . | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 02342217 | It is assumed that if a fiber breaks, it equally shares the load among all the unbroken neighboring fibers (global load sharing), i.e. the matrix cracks traverse the whole composite. | 1994 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03376187 | Among the principal results is the macroscopically degeneracy of the ground state and a non-zero entropy per site at zero temperature with a non-trivial value. There is also no phase transition at non zero temperature for the case where all the couplings have the same absolute value, and the system remains paramagnetic. | 2021 | [
"phys"
] | [
"525770",
"525770"
] | [
"12678"
] |
01744738 | For millimetric probed volumes, such multi-phase microstructures induce shallow and noisy diffraction signals. Two peak registration techniques are introduced and validated thanks to tensile tests performed on two titanium alloy samples. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 02342217 | Dans ce cas, il a été montré que l'approximation n'est pas très pénalisante [START_REF] Hild | Tensile and Flexural Ultimate Strength of Fiber Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites[END_REF]. Les résultats précédents peuvent être utilisés pour calculer la LME. | 1994 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03549835 | Taking it into account would affect FWM via the phase matching conditions, and equivalently SPM via the envelope deformation, without impact on our argument. Acknowledgements. | 2021 | [
"phys"
] | [
"496957",
"154620"
] | [
"739035"
] |
01744738 | . . | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 02342217 | On considère un élément de composite de longueur 2L R (Fig. 1) , où L R est appelée longueur de transfert et correspond à la longueur maximale d'une fibre qui peut être arrachée et conduire à une diminution de charge par rapport au cas où elle ne serait pas rompue. | 1994 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 00731490 | 1 Figure 1. Laser configuration. | 2012 | [
"phys"
] | [
"104955",
"388348"
] | [
"790"
] |
01744738 | 5: Diffractograms of the two studied alloys and of pure titanium powder (the same dynamic range is used for all plots)
Fig. 6 :
6 Fig. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 00947398 | Following the application of each displacement step, the specimen was allowed to relax for 15 min, due to its viscoelastic properties, before the micro-CT acquisition procedure was repeated. Approximately one hour scan time was required for scanning and additional 10-min time for reconstruction from 1500 angular projections using CT-Pro XT software (XT Software suite, 2.2, Nikon Metrology Ltd, Derby, UK). | 2013 | [
"spi",
"phys"
] | [
"528292",
"244829",
"244829",
"244829",
"244829",
"244830",
"244831",
"244832",
"1306"
] | [
"9087"
] | 00193196 | 1 Fig. 1. | 2008 | [
"phys"
] | [
"408267",
"408267",
"1307",
"31573",
"24249",
"1307",
"1307"
] | [
"20681",
"759085",
"757045",
"738005",
"183342"
] |
01744738 | Various post-processing algorithms are used to evaluate stresses from XRD measurements [START_REF] Pfeiffer | Evaluation of thickness and residual stress of shallow surface regions from diffraction profiles[END_REF][START_REF]Non-destructive Testing, Test Method for Residual Stress analysis by X-ray Diffraction[END_REF]. Among them the centered barycenter is common [START_REF]Non-destructive Testing, Test Method for Residual Stress analysis by X-ray Diffraction[END_REF][START_REF] Cullity | Elements of x-ray diffraction[END_REF][START_REF] Hauk | Structural and Residual Stress Analysis by Non Destructive Methods: Evaluation, Application, Assessment[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 00947398 | In 2D, the global approach has been shown to be more accurate in solid materials when compared to FFT-based or other local algorithms [START_REF] Hild | Digital Image Correlation: from displacement measurement to identification of elastic properties -a Review[END_REF][START_REF] Hild | Comparison of Local and Global Approaches to Digital Image Correlation[END_REF], but such comparison in 3D has never been tested in either solid or cellular materials. Since the local and global approaches to DVC are close in spirit to the two-dimensional case, it is hypothesized that the global approach may also outperform the FFT-based local approach. | 2013 | [
"spi",
"phys"
] | [
"528292",
"244829",
"244829",
"244829",
"244829",
"244830",
"244831",
"244832",
"1306"
] | [
"9087"
] | 00919454 | On the other hand, the (2P) stress path of the semi-permeable boundary condition is located outside the failure envelope for r/r 1 ≤ 1.1. As expected, the semi-permeable boundary induces a stronger collapse potential at the wellbore wall. | 2012 | [
"phys"
] | [
"706",
"16230",
"706",
"16230"
] | [
"787",
"173248"
] |
01744738 | Such metastable alloys are of interest for aeronautical applications thanks to their high specific strength. Only the α-phase will be considered in XRD measurements. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 00947398 | According to the theorem of spatial averaging in the homogenisation theory [START_REF] Hori | On two micromechanics theories for determining micro-macro relations in heterogeneous solids[END_REF], as the volume fraction is preserved in all the meshes, the average strains are unique and similar. The local convergence was reached for an element size of 0.168 mm (Fig. | 2013 | [
"spi",
"phys"
] | [
"528292",
"244829",
"244829",
"244829",
"244829",
"244830",
"244831",
"244832",
"1306"
] | [
"9087"
] | 00185236 | In such a structure, rotations angles ω a and ω b which are identical in Cc symmetry become different, Table 1, and the spontaneous polarization is described with a second rotation angle φ. Use of a Paris-Edinburgh high-pressure cell with tungsten carbide cells limits this work to pressures of about 10 GPa. | 2007 | [
"phys"
] | [
"754",
"17430",
"754",
"754",
"754"
] | [
"844050",
"739105",
"738409"
] |
01744738 | The mean level is 13.5 MPa for IDSC, and 15 MPa for DSC. Therefore, there is a small bias in the present case. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 00947398 | 9 . 89 Fig. | 2013 | [
"spi",
"phys"
] | [
"528292",
"244829",
"244829",
"244829",
"244829",
"244830",
"244831",
"244832",
"1306"
] | [
"9087"
] | 02115946 | Applying the model to a Si thin film anode allowed to simulate the reknowned dry bed-lake fracture and its dependence on film thickness. To further establish the efficiency of the proposed model it is shown that it can also simulate ordered crack networks that form upon electrochemically cycling a new type of Si thin film that is patterned with micron-holes. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"10921",
"233961",
"233961",
"233961",
"302308"
] | [
"11960",
"756061"
] |
01744738 | The error bars depict the room mean square difference between DSC or IDSC estimates and the DIC stresses. Fig. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 00947398 | For the global approach, the correlation residuals are not only small on average but also locally. The highest correlation residuals seem to be homogenously distributed over the region of interest, which is likely to be attributed to the noise level [START_REF] Benoit | 3D analysis from micro-MRI during in situ compression on cancellous bone[END_REF]. | 2013 | [
"spi",
"phys"
] | [
"528292",
"244829",
"244829",
"244829",
"244829",
"244830",
"244831",
"244832",
"1306"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03865844 | 7). Such behavior is a signature of a quasi-equilibrium process. | 2022 | [
"phys"
] | [
"139039",
"1051087",
"529979",
"490130",
"326420",
"326420",
"326420",
"139039",
"1051087"
] | [
"877335",
"756007",
"766992"
] |
01744738 | They are based on the effect of acquisition noise only (see Equations ( 12) and ( 12)). The standard resolution of the two DSC techniques is very low and of the order of 3 MPa (i.e., 2.7 MPa for integrated DSC and 3.3 MPa for regular DSC). | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 00453969 | An isotropic and elastic behaviour is assumed for each geological layer. The injection procedure is described by a gradual increase of the injection along the tubing, which has a length of 25 m. The tubing centre is located in the middle height of the reservoir, at a depth of 1,400 m. The reservoir is 50 m thick and sealed by a 100 m thick caprock that has low permeability and porosity. | 2010 | [
"spi",
"phys"
] | [
"1306",
"18404",
"1306"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03085120 | The most efficient a homogeneous Huygens scatterer can be for a lossy medium is when n/n h = 2.0 + 0.095i 15 . Increasing the index of refraction beyond this value will spectrally separate the resonant multipoles and destroy the forward-scattering property. | 2020 | [
"phys"
] | [
"525419",
"525419",
"24489",
"525419",
"300759",
"300759",
"300759",
"525419",
"525419",
"525419"
] | [
"923453",
"1350501",
"767939",
"737852",
"755535"
] |
01744738 | 12 :
12 Fig. 12: Peak model and notations
Fig. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 00453969 | A probabilistic cracking model is applied to the case of a low confined ground, i.e. k i = 0.7. | 2010 | [
"spi",
"phys"
] | [
"1306",
"18404",
"1306"
] | [
"9087"
] | 02162864 | This allows for the characterization of multiple plate strain mechanisms. Linear problem:
The wavevector extraction is formulated as a closed-form problem. | 2019 | [
"phys"
] | [
"204904",
"204904",
"204904",
"31116",
"1167"
] | [
"5524",
"4724",
"171372",
"13",
"1185746"
] |
01744738 | The coupon has been designed to ensure a controllable and homogenous stress and strain area in the central area of the coupon where X-ray analyses are performed. The aim is to carry out in-situ tensile tests. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 00453969 | This crack network saturates quickly after the first crack activations. Introduction
Underground storage of CO 2 in deep geological formations is considered as being a potential solution for reducing the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere [START_REF] Ipcc | IPCC special report on carbon dioxide capture and storage[END_REF]. | 2010 | [
"spi",
"phys"
] | [
"1306",
"18404",
"1306"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03979333 | Positive results were obtained for concentrations in the range 0.125 to 0.38 mg/mL, while respecting the polymer excess condition. Higher concentrations caused a total sedimentation already at the first centrifugation step. | 2021 | [
"phys"
] | [
"167"
] | [
"1225046"
] |
01744738 | The standard applied stress uncertainty is equal to 16 MPa
Fig. 20 :
20 Fig. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 00453969 | The loading corresponding to the activation of criterion (C) does not depend on the initial conditions. It also appears that for a confinement coefficient 0.8
= i k
, the fracture risk is lower because the injection rate leading to the first material degradation is particularly high. | 2010 | [
"spi",
"phys"
] | [
"1306",
"18404",
"1306"
] | [
"9087"
] | 02159313 | The higher the SSA, the larger the measured tritium inventory. When extrapolated to 1000 kg of W dust (corresponding to the dust safety limit) only ~50 g of tritium is trapped in such powdery material [START_REF] Grisolia | Tritium absorption and desorption in ITER relevant materials: comparative study of tungsten dust and massive samples[END_REF]. | 2019 | [
"phys"
] | [
"53955",
"300040",
"300040",
"93777",
"53955",
"40492",
"300016",
"24487",
"40492",
"40421",
"40421",
"40421",
"188653",
"188653",
"199954",
"199954",
"40056",
"427",
"234539",
"234539"
] | [
"758065",
"1063199",
"1063200",
"1317970",
"774659",
"763674",
"736425",
"795422",
"173637",
"173650",
"12072",
"740737"
] |
01744738 | For Ti5553 the matrix of the primary β-phase appears in gray and contains primary and secondary α-nodules (a few µm in diameter) and lamellae (at sub-µm scale) in black [START_REF]Standard Test Method for Determining Average Grain Size[END_REF]. The coexistence of these two phases is an issue for XRD analyses [START_REF] Lu | Handbook of measurement of residual stresses[END_REF][START_REF] Voillot | Evaluation of residual stresses due to mechanical treatment of Ti5553 alloy via XRD[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 00453969 | Figure 3 . 3 Figure 3. | 2010 | [
"spi",
"phys"
] | [
"1306",
"18404",
"1306"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03030050 | 4). The amplitude of forces applied by cells depend on the cell types. | 2020 | [
"phys"
] | [
"93800",
"1044299",
"93800"
] | [
"754916",
"180414"
] |
01744738 | . . | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03300104 | The arrows indicate the location of propagating cracks, whereas the white circle outlines the change in brightness as a result of limited buckling
Fig. 10 :
10 Fig. | 2022 | [
"phys"
] | [
"455517",
"455517",
"455517",
"1042695"
] | [
"9087"
] | 02550908 | The reference simulation (EIP ref.) develops the expected decreasing tendancy the most rapidly, in less than 10δ(x 1 ). | 2020 | [
"phys"
] | [
"694",
"126765",
"126765"
] | [
"9223",
"1100153"
] |
01744738 | . . | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03300104 | 11 :
11 Fig. 11: Measured axial displacements for test E4. | 2022 | [
"phys"
] | [
"455517",
"455517",
"455517",
"1042695"
] | [
"9087"
] | 04103297 | Nonetheless, it is important for the particle phase, particularly for shock-particle-curtain interactions where the slip velocity is high. It is then expected that the coefficient C p f p will have an impact on the curtain dynamics. | 2023 | [
"phys"
] | [
"302747",
"302747"
] | [
"173185",
"840883"
] |
01744738 | The radius of the goniometer is 150 mm. It is equipped with a mobile head composed of the X-Ray source (X) and a single linear position sensor (LPS) that turns about a motionless coupon to be analyzed. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03300104 | Additionally, "discontinuities" arose at the roots of both V notches (Figure 11(c)). However, compared to test E3, the present discontinuities were of different sizes, which will be discussed in the sequel. | 2022 | [
"phys"
] | [
"455517",
"455517",
"455517",
"1042695"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03214124 | (3) is also valid for a free relativistic massive particle [1] this conclusion can be applied to this particle. However, as far as this author is aware the incompatibility between Special relativity and the Uncertainty principle is still a problem of modern physics that requires a sound solution. | 2021 | [
"phys"
] | [
"1004510"
] | [
"1067793"
] |
01744738 | (b) Speckle pattern used for DIC procedures with an unpainted area to allow for XRD measurements. The area probed by the X-ray beam is depicted in orange. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03300104 | Mohr and Henn [START_REF] Mohr | Calibration of stress-triaxiality dependent crack formation criteria: A new hybrid experimental-numerical method[END_REF] designed butterfly specimens with thickness reduction in the gauge area for investigating the fracture of metallic materials in a wide range of triaxialities. Moreover, Mohr and Oswald [START_REF] Mohr | A new experimental technique for the multi-axial testing of advanced high strength steel sheets[END_REF] improved the biaxial testing machine developed by Mohr and Doyoyo [START_REF] Mohr | A new method for the biaxial testing of cellular solids[END_REF], which was based on the Arcan fixture [START_REF] Arcan | A method to produce uniform plane-stress states with applications to fiber-reinforced materials[END_REF]. | 2022 | [
"phys"
] | [
"455517",
"455517",
"455517",
"1042695"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03295808 | By carefully modeling the wavelength dependence of free-carriers absorption, we numerically reproduced the experimental supercontinuum (Fig. 1b bottom, blue continuous line). | 2021 | [
"phys"
] | [
"179701",
"179701",
"179701",
"179701",
"179701"
] | [
"1069280",
"780596",
"170338",
"173432"
] |
01744738 | (19)
Tests have been made by selecting various distributions (i.e., Gauss, Pearson VII, Lorentz). They give the same types of results without any significant improvement for any of them in terms of registration residuals. | 2018 | [
"phys"
] | [
"247321",
"211916",
"469296",
"247321"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03300104 | The calibrated value of the yield stress was higher than the expected value estimated from the macroscopic stress-strain curve (Figure 14). This difference was due to the fact that even in the elastic regime, the stress state was not uniform in the ligament. | 2022 | [
"phys"
] | [
"455517",
"455517",
"455517",
"1042695"
] | [
"9087"
] | 03011753 | The diffraction peak shift might be related to compressive stresses within the bulk of deposited films. As displayed in Table 1, an increase of lattice d-spacing from the 0.2629 to 0.2639 nm occurs when the sputtering power increase from 50 to 300 W as compared to the d-spacing of 0.2604 nm from the ZnO reference. | 2020 | [
"phys"
] | [
"1001048",
"266547",
"242506",
"266547",
"242506",
"1001048",
"1001048",
"1001048",
"302269",
"896"
] | [
"750463"
] |
01744748 | Around the European cities this took place mostly at the expense of complex cultivation patterns, non-irrigated and irrigated arable land, and shrub and/or herbaceous and pastures from 1990 to 2012. The parametric two-sample t-test revealed significant differences over the time between peri-urban areas from selected cities and countries in Europe in the case of urban, non-irrigated and irrigated arable land, and forest (p-value = 0.05) (Fig. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | 3). By using these criteria, the width of the adjacent urban area and the peri-urban area are assumed to depend only on the area of the urban core in each city. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 04304277 | Studies on mammals, however, provide important insights about recent demographic dynamics in Malagasy wildlife. Except for three species for which demographic events were not dated (Microcebus tavaratra [START_REF] Sgarlata | Genetic Differentiation and Demographic History of the Northern Rufous Mouse Lemur (Microcebus tavaratra) Across a Fragmented Landscape in Northern Madagascar[END_REF], Eliurus tanala [START_REF] Rakotoarisoa | Late Quaternary climatic vegetational shifts in an ecological transition zone of northern Madagascar: insights from genetic analyses of two endemic rodent species[END_REF] and Microgale brevicaudata [START_REF] Olson | Phylogeography of Microgale brevicaudata (Tenrecidae) and Description of a New Species from Western Madagascar[END_REF]), all other studied terrestrial mammals (i.e., lemurs and rodents) suffered a population decline predating or during the late Holocene (i.e., before or during Period 3; Figure 3 and electronic supplementary material, Table S3). | 2023 | [
"sde"
] | [
"1100670",
"1100670",
"418794",
"1003158",
"1180563",
"63060",
"1180564",
"1180564",
"29770",
"20150",
"1068779",
"1065644"
] | [
"750368",
"171499",
"813281",
"1315315",
"791307",
"171173",
"8405",
"793993",
"1315316"
] |
01744748 | 9). In some peri-urban areas the supply of regulating and cultural ES was more important than for the provisioning ES (Lisbon, Barcelona, Marseille, Florence, Athens and Sfax) or the inverse in the case of Thessaloniki. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | The GLC land cover map was developed by the European Environmental Agency and European Space Agency attempting to ensure compatibility with CLC (Appendix 1). -Insert Fig. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 02015882 | It should be noted that the LCI inventories used to evaluate alternative HT_1 have been modified to exclude the purchased items that have already been accounted for in the FGS group, so as to avoid double counting. For instance, the manufacture of the fuel used to propel particular vehicles has been excluded from the transport category, since its purchase has already been accounted for in the goods category. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"303469",
"16792",
"303469"
] | [
"747057"
] |
01744748 | -Insert Fig. 9 around here -
Implications of ES trends in peri-urban areas
The Mediterranean basin has some serious challenges to advance on global Sustainable Development Goals (UNEP/MAP, 2016), to which the ES supplied by peri-urban areas could positively contribute. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | 641762, to IG). The authors acknowledge Labex OT-Med (ANR-11-LABX-0061) funded by the French Government Investissements d'Avenir program of the French National Research Agency (ANR) through the A*MIDEX project (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02). | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 02323079 | Above the bedrock composed of paleozoic granite and oligocene sandy limestone (Unit 0), three seismic units infill the incised palaeo-valley (Figs. 4,5,6,& 7). | 2017 | [
"sde"
] | [
"14266",
"413764",
"300022",
"542014",
"245694",
"528876"
] | [
"2235",
"765986",
"738401"
] |
01744748 | 9 around here -
Implications of ES trends in peri-urban areas
The Mediterranean basin has some serious challenges to advance on global Sustainable Development Goals (UNEP/MAP, 2016), to which the ES supplied by peri-urban areas could positively contribute. In general, the ES supply capacity of peri-urban Mediterranean areas decreased over time, in particular for the supply of provisioning and regulating ES. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | Especially irrigated (Marseille and Florence) and non-irrigated arable land (Madrid and Thessaloniki) were reduced. Around Barcelona, Lisbon and Athens, complex cultivation patterns, shrublands and pastures were more abandoned. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 02072227 | Considering the ISO 15704 standards that defi ne an enterprise-architecture framework, 5 they place LCSA, process and system engineering, and businessprocess modeling within three dimensions: diff erent levels of specifi city (generic, partial, particular), diff erent points of view (organization, information, resources, function), and diff erent life cycle stages. Th ey propose an approach to design of the agro-process guided by sustainable evaluation. | 2016 | [
"sde"
] | [
"37867",
"37867"
] | [
"1244361",
"1166026"
] |
01744748 | In 2014 already more than half of the global population was urban, while in Europe this was 70% [START_REF] Kabisch | Diversifying European agglomerations: evidence of urban population trends for the 21st century[END_REF]United Nations, 2015a, 2014). The increase in total population entails a corresponding increase in demand for natural resources [START_REF] Ma | MA) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | In 2014 already more than half of the global population was urban, while in Europe this was 70% [START_REF] Kabisch | Diversifying European agglomerations: evidence of urban population trends for the 21st century[END_REF]United Nations, 2015a, 2014). The increase in total population entails a corresponding increase in demand for natural resources [START_REF] Ma | MA) Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 00757237 | This comparison is a first confirmation of the validity of the simplified model as a means of assessing the critical stress and the erosion coefficient with jet erosion tests. INTRODUCTION
A large number of experimental studies on jets with stagnation points has been carried out since the beginning of the 20 th century. | 2012 | [
"sde"
] | [
"179802",
"179802",
"196526",
"207925",
"1009994",
"1009994"
] | [
"751148",
"736845",
"845924"
] |
01744748 | Meanwhile, North African peri-urban areas supplied a bundle of ES from agroecosystems and natural vegetation ecosystems that change tending to rangelands over the years. A first step to improve the estimates presented in this paper would be to take into account land management and its diversity, which is likely to entail a larger diversity in ES supply trends that can be obtained by focusing on land cover information only. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | Many of these studies have found that the natural elements currently present in cities often do not seem to provide ecosystem services (ES) in sufficient quantities in comparison to the demand for these services [START_REF] Folke | Ecosystem Appropriation by Cities[END_REF][START_REF] Jansson | Reaching for a sustainable, resilient urban future using the lens of ecosystem services[END_REF]. [START_REF] Baró | Mismatches between ecosystem services supply and demand in urban areas: A quantitative assessment in five European cities[END_REF] have recently shown mismatches between ES in supply and demand for five European cities. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 02357363 | 11 Figure 11. Monthly canal's collected floating debris (data provided by the TE3 & the DVCIQ8)
Figure 12 . | 2016 | [
"sde"
] | [
"491086",
"501207",
"1049783",
"467817"
] | [
"1057969",
"177486"
] |
01744748 | A -Spatial information for 1990 (Corine Land Covergreen colour); B -Spatial information for 2006 (Globcorineblue colour); spatial information used in 2000, 2006 and 2012 covers only Europe (Corine Land Covergreen colour). Figure 2 . | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | : A comparative analysis of 15 European urban areas[END_REF] assumes a fixed relationship to estimate the boundary of the urban area, separating it into the urban core area (A) and the adjacent urban area (W u ) (
). For our study, we used this method to additionally define the peri-urban areas (Wp). | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 03342311 | In the case of a multimodal distribution, the largest mode was taken as the depth of maximum abundance. For each location, the range between the deepest and the shallowest abundance maximum was defined as the DVM range. | 2021 | [
"sde"
] | [
"1002384",
"1002384",
"1002384",
"191652",
"247261",
"1002384"
] | [
"1357234",
"11664",
"184007"
] |
01744748 | In a second step, we repeated this process including those polygons whose centroid was within a radius of 1 km from the selected urban polygons, to calculate the final size and location of urban core area (A). -Insert Fig. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | These mismatches may depend on many factors, e.g. differences in spatial distribution of goods and needs or access restrictions to resources for particular groups, such as women [START_REF] Geijzendorffer | Improving the identification of mismatches in ecosystem services assessments[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 03813580 | . . | 2021 | [
"sde"
] | [
"43221"
] | [
"1174230"
] |
01744748 | : A comparative analysis of 15 European urban areas[END_REF] for the boundary of the peri-urban area (W p ), we used the peri-urban estimate published by [START_REF] Kroll | Rural-urban gradient analysis of ecosystem services supply and demand dynamics[END_REF], obtaining a general equation for peri-urban areas: (see Fig. 3). | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | -Insert Fig. 8 around here -
Discussion
Changes in land cover
Land cover changes in European Mediterranean peri-urban areas showed an expansion of urban and forested areas at the expense of agriculture land similar to described by d [START_REF] Amour | Future urban land expansion and implications for global croplands[END_REF] and [START_REF] Depietri | The urban political ecology of ecosystem services: The case of Barcelona[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 03937994 | 2022). Any shift in the size of phytoplankton may largely influence the planktonic food web dynamics and the overall efficiency of the marine system to export primary production [START_REF] Legendre | Hydrodynamical singularities as controls of recycled versus export production in oceans[END_REF][START_REF] Legendre | Food-web mediated export of biogenic carbon in oceans:hydrodynamic control[END_REF]. | 2023 | [
"sde"
] | [
"542153",
"300754",
"1061809",
"300754",
"1061809",
"300754",
"186560",
"1061809",
"300754",
"1061809",
"191652",
"191652",
"186560",
"186560",
"542153",
"300754",
"1061809"
] | [
"19857",
"173214",
"175522",
"1215208"
] |
01744748 | LISBON MADRID BARCELONA MARSEILLE FLORENCE ROME ATHENS THESSALONIKI RABAT TUNIS SFAX NABEUL
Urban core (km 2 ) 103,39 175,20 74,07 104,01 43,50 296,05 163,07 44,77 251,89 427,33 149,85 23,72
Adjacent urban area Wu (km 2 ) 348,61 431,82 219,95 441,96 145,01 1483,68 452,86 135,46 410,34 790,00 209,41 43,37
Peri-urban area Wp (km 2 ) 1412 2409,41 1000,45 1849,99 657,24 5031,76 2107,68 640,91 3451,95 5715,11 1884,03 350,25
Appendix 4. Land cover standardized surface in peri-urban North African cities from 1990 to 2006. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | The most significant land cover changes occur in the periurban zone, but little is known about how these changes affect the ES supply. For eight European and four North African cities, we have quantified changes in peri-urban land cover, for periods of sixteen years (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006) in the Northern African, and twenty-two years in the European cities, respectively. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 04126879 | 2014b). Monocytes migrate from blood into most tissues to form macrophages. | 2021 | [
"sde"
] | [
"553866",
"534840",
"553866",
"309384",
"301010",
"1002385",
"553866",
"534840",
"553866"
] | [
"1261720",
"1261721",
"1261722",
"794623",
"735911",
"1261723",
"1261724",
"764225"
] |
01744748 | From the fourteen land cover classes of GLC (Appendix 1), class 10 (urban and associated areas) was used to determine the urban core area. In a second step, we repeated this process including those polygons whose centroid was within a radius of 1 km from the selected urban polygons, to calculate the final size and location of urban core area (A). | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | In a second step, we repeated this process including those polygons whose centroid was within a radius of 1 km from the selected urban polygons, to calculate the final size and location of urban core area (A). -Insert Fig. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01520650 | To take into account the effects of soil heterogeneity between plots, we used the scores of the first axis of the PCA analysis of plot-specific soil characteristics (i.e. soil texture, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and the concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, manganese and aluminum; Table S1, Fig. | 2017 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"171392",
"188653",
"171392",
"188653",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"18881",
"762957",
"18874",
"171854",
"173330"
] |
01744748 | Indeed, our results showed an increase in forest and shrublands for Europe at both peri-urban and national level. For the North African cities and countries, however, it is particularly shrublands which increased while the forest area showed a relatively slight decline. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | In the peri-urban area of Sfax the area of irrigated arable land increased, while complex cultivation systems reduced in area. This expansion of both urban areas as well as agricultural areas in North Africa had been observed earlier [START_REF] Bouraoui | L'agriculture, nouvel instrument de la construction urbaine? | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 03659852 | Each category of tiem was weighed. Computation into Microsoft Excel sheets. | 2022 | [
"sde"
] | [
"578082",
"1096414",
"580957",
"1096414",
"580957",
"1096414",
"580957",
"578082",
"1096414",
"580957"
] | [
"15650",
"1256237",
"1838"
] |
01744748 | To transform the spatial GLC information of North African cities into information on each of the 44 CLC classes, we defined X x as the area of a specific GLC category and computed weighing factors (W x ) based on how the GLC categories in Andalusia and Sicily were composed of the different CLC categories. We applied these weighing factors in all calculations on North African areas to transform all GLC data into CLC data to allow for multiplication with the Stoll capacity matrix. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | The European Mediterranean areas are estimated to be particularly vulnerable with respect to ES supply, mostly due to climate and land use change [START_REF] Schröter | Ecosystem Service Supply and Vulnerability to Global Change in Europe[END_REF]. Although similar studies for the north-African Mediterranean countries are missing [START_REF] Nieto-Romero | Exploring the knowledge landscape of ecosystem services assessments in Mediterranean agroecosystems: insights for future research[END_REF], it is highly likely that these countries are subject to similar, if not higher, anthropogenic pressures, experience more rapid population increases and are undergoing significant landscape changes. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 03568873 | Objectives
The experience of the Belo Horizonte local authorities in the past showed the necessity of approval of infrastructural works within the community to guarantee a functioning over long period. Within the Switch program these experience led to implementation of a social assessment before the construction of the artificial wetland. | 2008 | [
"sde"
] | [
"578082"
] | [
"4811"
] |
01744748 | Special thanks for valuable advice go to Berta Martín-López, Violeta Hevia-Martín, Claude Napoleone, Marina Cantabrana and Benjamin Mary. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | In the remainder of this text we will refer to this area as the "national area". The spatial information was analyzed using ArcGIS 10.2.2 (ESRI, 2013). | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 03082199 | The incubation was stopped by adding 0.5 mL of formol at 37 %. During this incubation, colorless INT is gradually reduced by electron transport system (ETS) and the resulting optically dense formazan is accumulating in cells. | 2021 | [
"sde"
] | [
"1002323",
"1002323",
"1002323",
"1002323",
"1001885",
"1001885",
"1002323",
"1071422",
"1002323"
] | [
"740206",
"768529",
"180074"
] |
01744748 | 9). In some peri-urban areas the supply of regulating and cultural ES was more important than for the provisioning ES (Lisbon, Barcelona, Marseille, Florence, Athens and Sfax) or the inverse in the case of Thessaloniki. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | 5 around here -
Ecosystem services supply: spatio-temporal patterns
The supply of ESs (Appendix 5 and 6) was estimated through multivariate within-class Principal Component Analysis (WCP), considering European and North African cities over the indicated periods respectively. Trends in ES supply differed between EU cities (Fig. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 02420225 | This down regulation was peaked at lower Cd concentration and declined at higher Cd concentration. The expression level of SOD was significantly down-regulated in both seedlings leaves and roots compared to control. | 2020 | [
"sde"
] | [
"577293",
"577294",
"577295",
"442472",
"577293",
"577294",
"577295",
"577294",
"442472",
"57629",
"57629",
"302265",
"321755"
] | [
"865719"
] |
01744748 | Overall, changes were more pronounced in the peri-urban areas than at national level. As expected, all peri-urban areas demonstrated a significant increase of urban fabric. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | In the North African peri-urban areas, the increase of urban area from 1990 to 2006 occurred in parallel with an increase in irrigated arable land, permanent crops, complex cultivation patterns and shrublands and/or herbaceous and pastures, at the expense of non-irrigated arable land and forest, both around in peri-urban areas as well as at the national level (Fig. 4B). | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 03991973 | These two opposite effects are due to the presence of hydrometeors which interact with the EM waves emitted by the SAR sensor, causing dark and bright areas, on the SAR images, especially at C and X-bands[START_REF] Alpers | Rainfall', Synthetic Aperture Radar marine user's manual[END_REF] Kellndorfer, 2019). To detect the presence of large raincells in the SAR images, the Haralick texture features were used. | 2022 | [
"sde"
] | [
"1002425"
] | [
"1227750"
] |
01744748 | Biplots of Within-class Principal Component Analysis (WCP) for the most statistical significant ecosystem services and their relationship with the European peri-urban areas (i.e., Lisbon, Madrid, Barcelona, Marseille, Florence, Rome, Athens, Thessaloniki). A: variables, B: observations. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | 345 Figure 3. Boundaries definition concept and applied example. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 03493287 | Rooted in modern systems theory, whose application to decision-making dates back to Walter [START_REF] Buckley | Sociology and modern systems theory[END_REF], this conception amounts to considering a decision as the product of a series of interactions between components of a system, the result of which is only identifiable ex-post, through a reconstruction process. A decision eventually emerges in retrospect, depending on how the process is characterised by the analyst, who is thus acting as an historian. | 2020 | [
"sde"
] | [
"301587"
] | [
"1093546"
] |
01744748 | differences in spatial distribution of goods and needs or access restrictions to resources for particular groups, such as women [START_REF] Geijzendorffer | Improving the identification of mismatches in ecosystem services assessments[END_REF]. Some of these factors can be addressed through governance or land use management [START_REF] Jansson | Reaching for a sustainable, resilient urban future using the lens of ecosystem services[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | In conclusion, for European cities the temporal gradient was dominated by an increase of urban areas and marginal changes in agricultural land uses. Figure 1 . | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01373198 | The bark is 3 cm thick. The 21 secondary phloem is composed of sieve cells, axial and ray parenchyma, and fibers 22 arranged in discontinuous unicellular tangential layers. | 2016 | [
"sde"
] | [
"609",
"211780",
"211780"
] | [
"177919"
] |
01744748 | Mediterranean cities are considered attractive places to settle for retirees from northern Europe [START_REF] Membrado-Tena | Costa Blanca: Urban Evolution of a Mediterranean Region through GIS Data[END_REF], and for return migrants to the Maghreb countries [START_REF] Cassarino | Return migrants to the Maghreb Countries: Reintegration and development challenges[END_REF]. The growth of urban areas often takes place at the expense of agricultural land and this can potentially lead to environmental degradation and socio-economic challenges [START_REF] Orgiazzi | Global soil biodiversity atlas[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | In the remainder of this text we will refer to this area as the "national area". The spatial information was analyzed using ArcGIS 10.2.2 (ESRI, 2013). | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 02531708 | DNA was extracted and purified with the Fast DNA SPIN kit for soil in accordance with manufacturer's instructions (MP Biomedicals). DNA quantity and purity were assessed by spectrophotometry (Infinite NanoQuant M200, Tecan). | 2020 | [
"sde"
] | [
"1002045",
"1006010",
"1006010",
"1002045",
"1002045"
] | [
"736644",
"736598"
] |
01744748 | The Mediterranean biogeographical regionlong influence from cultivation, high pressure from tourists, species rich, warm and drying[END_REF][START_REF] Houimli | The factors of resistance and fragility of the littoral agriculture in front of the urbanization: the case of the region of North Sousse in Tunisia[END_REF]. Mediterranean cities are considered attractive places to settle for retirees from northern Europe [START_REF] Membrado-Tena | Costa Blanca: Urban Evolution of a Mediterranean Region through GIS Data[END_REF], and for return migrants to the Maghreb countries [START_REF] Cassarino | Return migrants to the Maghreb Countries: Reintegration and development challenges[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | North African peri-urban areas (Fig. 5B) in 1990 were characterized by a clear pattern from non-irrigated arable land and forest patterns (in negative scores of F1) to an increase in 2006 of urban land, shrubs and herbaceous associated vegetation and pastures (in positive scores of F2). | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 03252372 | ✷✸✷
The first two metrics were related to individual vital rates, and were defined by the growth and ✷✸✸ survival of 15 cm dbh individuals. We focused on small individuals because of their large effect on ✷✸✹ population dynamics (Grubb, 1977). | 2021 | [
"sde"
] | [
"1002503",
"1002503",
"562203",
"1037867",
"388140",
"328468",
"300498",
"153591",
"73360",
"431710",
"542769",
"562203",
"388140",
"302932",
"300498",
"302612"
] | [
"799429",
"184825"
] |
01744748 | To obtain the urbanization trends in Mediterranean cities, we estimated the total standardized surface by CLC group coming from W p and compared it with the total standardized land cover from the respective Mediterranean parts of countries (Portugal, Spain, France, Italy and Greece; Tunisia and Morocco) over the different periods. Assessments for Europe and North Africa follow the same methods, but were applied separately because the uncertainties and applied methods for the input data are different. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | Urbanization rates have been accelerated by environmental change; for example, intense drought conditions contributed to a rural exodus in Morocco between 1980and 1990, and in Algeria and Tunisia in 1999(FAO, 2001;[START_REF] Hervieu | Rethinking rural development in the Mediterranean[END_REF]. Tourism and housing development have led to the development of infrastructure close to coastal areas and near culturally important cities [START_REF] Eea | Biogeographical regions in Europe. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01566237 | Figure 2 . 2 Figure 2. | 2017 | [
"sde"
] | [
"199954",
"444934",
"199954",
"444934",
"199954",
"444934",
"199954",
"444934",
"199954",
"444934",
"199954",
"444934",
"199954",
"444934",
"40421",
"444934",
"40427",
"199954",
"444934"
] | [
"754106",
"173540",
"11428",
"14002",
"13961",
"12072",
"741738",
"13713"
] |
01744748 | Urbanization rates have been accelerated by environmental change; for example, intense drought conditions contributed to a rural exodus in Morocco between 1980and 1990, and in Algeria and Tunisia in 1999(FAO, 2001;[START_REF] Hervieu | Rethinking rural development in the Mediterranean[END_REF]. Tourism and housing development have led to the development of infrastructure close to coastal areas and near culturally important cities [START_REF] Eea | Biogeographical regions in Europe. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | Total area for crop production decreased over time in peri-urban areas, but this does not necessarily mean that the total food production also decreased. Changes in farm management may have increased the productivity of remaining agricultural land. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 02356999 | It has long been recognised that wild apple and domesticated apple hybridise and that it can be very difficult to reliably identify pure wild apple from hybrids using morphological characters such as the fruit width and the hairiness of leaves [START_REF] Wagner | Zusammenstellung morphologischer Merkmale und ihrer Ausprägung zur Unterscheidung von Wild-und Kulturformen des Apfels[END_REF][START_REF] Stephan | Technical Guide Lines for Genetic Conservation and Use for Wild Apple and Pear (Malus sylvestris and Pyrus pyraster)[END_REF]. Not only has this led to discussions whether genuine wild M. sylvestris still exists today [START_REF] Henning | Morphologisch-systematische und genetische Untersuchungen an Arten und Artbastarden der Gattung Malus[END_REF][START_REF] Remmy | Untersuchungen zur Verbreitung und Morphologie des Wild-Apfels (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. | 2019 | [
"sde"
] | [
"135779"
] | [
"742002"
] |
01744748 | Table 2 shows the resulting urban core areas and the corresponding W u and W p areas for 2006. The urban core area (A) was computed for the Mediterranean cities using the urban land cover determined by CLC and GLC using 2006 as reference time period. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | According to sampling distribution of CLC and paired groups, non-parametric Wilcoxon test was suitable for the case of permanent crops, complex cultivation patterns and shrub and/or herbaceous. Based on the assumptions of normal sampling distribution and paired groups, the parametric Twosample t-test was conducted for urban, non-irrigated and irrigated arable land, and forest land cover groups. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 04142765 | most downsized mammalian faunae among Neotropical biomes (i.e., historical assemblage-wide reductions in species' size structure). Nevertheless, the defaunation status depicted in our study should be interpreted conservatively. | 2023 | [
"sde"
] | [
"225029",
"225029",
"1100781",
"225029"
] | [
"1265247",
"794477"
] |
01744748 | Land cover change patterns in the peri-urban area of Rome are less pronounced, but mostly correspond to permanent crops, shrublands and pastures in 1990 transforming into urban land in 2012. In conclusion, for European cities the temporal gradient was dominated by an increase of urban areas and marginal changes in agricultural land uses. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | Assessments for Europe and North Africa follow the same methods, but were applied separately because the uncertainties and applied methods for the input data are different. Conversion of land cover changes into ecosystem services supply dynamics
Following an approach developed by [START_REF] Burkhard | Landscapes' capacities to provide ecosystem services-a concept for land-cover based assessments[END_REF][START_REF] Burkhard | Mapping ecosystem service supply, demand and budgets[END_REF], we related land cover data to expert-based values of the capacity for ES supply. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 03106706 | Modelling the critical moment
The parameters of the M c -model (Eq. 15) as estimated by multi-linear regression analysis of the M c -data for the 12 tree specimen are presented in Table 5. | 2021 | [
"sde"
] | [
"1002425",
"1002479",
"1002425",
"1002425",
"1002425",
"1002425",
"1002315"
] | [
"747933",
"755143",
"737425"
] |
01744748 | These criteria allowed for the selection of twelve cities in total, four in Northern Africa (Nabeul, Sfax, Tunis, Rabat) and eight in Southern Europe (Lisbon, Madrid, Barcelona, Marseille, Florence, Rome, Athens, Thessaloniki). Spatial land cover data is available for the entire Mediterranean basin, but the categories, spatial resolution and time series differ (Fig. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 01744748 | Tourism and housing development have led to the development of infrastructure close to coastal areas and near culturally important cities [START_REF] Eea | Biogeographical regions in Europe. The Mediterranean biogeographical regionlong influence from cultivation, high pressure from tourists, species rich, warm and drying[END_REF][START_REF] Houimli | The factors of resistance and fragility of the littoral agriculture in front of the urbanization: the case of the region of North Sousse in Tunisia[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"sde"
] | [
"188653",
"188653",
"522913",
"116622",
"98227",
"302049",
"188653",
"188653"
] | [
"799075",
"19228",
"18543"
] | 04272435 | Description
The ODD framework [START_REF] Grimm | The ODD protocol for describing agent-based and other simulation models: A second update to improve clarity, replication, and structural realism[END_REF] was followed here for IBM description. Purpose. | 2023 | [
"sde"
] | [
"55705",
"55705"
] | [
"1311318"
] |
01718234 | On mobile devices, the number is much smaller but the threat comes from elsewhere: closed platforms with integrated tracking applications. Figure 3 represents the distribution of the anonymity sets. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01718234 | But, Does the evolution of web technologies limit the effectiveness of browser fingerprinting? In order to answer the RQ 4, we follow the idea proposed by Laperdrix et al. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01627287 | THE PROPOSED METHOD
An overview of the proposed method can be seen in Fig. 1. | 2015 | [
"info"
] | [
"266016",
"490691",
"431722",
"266016",
"431722",
"431722",
"431722"
] | [
"15788",
"855329"
] |
01718234 | The most distinctive attributes are canvas on mobile devices and plugins on personal computers. Fingerprints with unique canvas values represent 62% of unique fingerprints on mobile devices, while on personal computers, fingerprints with unique combinations of plugins represent 30% of unique fingerprints. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01718234 | Comparing entropy values. Comparison with Panopticlick can be established by taking into account only six attributes. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 00620159 | Moreover, the result is true even in the case of periodic words. So, we can state the following conjecture. | 2007 | [
"info"
] | [
"1001627",
"107505",
"107505",
"83463"
] | [
"5397"
] |
01718234 | The small drop is due to the low entropy value of the HTTP headers in our data of 0.085 compared with the value obtained by [START_REF] Laperdrix | Beauty and the Beast: Diverting modern web browsers to build unique browser fingerprints[END_REF] of 0.249. Another element to consider is that we included a piece of information contained in the user-agent, illustrating that the combination of operating system and web browser still includes some diversity. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01718234 | We also discussed some of the elements that can change the effectiveness of browser fingerprinting, such as the targeted demographic and the existing web technologies. Finally, we analyze the impact of current trends in web technologies. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 00560277 | By Lemma 1.2 the graph Gw is (K q , k -1) stable. In that graph v is not contained in any K q since its degree is q -2. | 2011 | [
"info"
] | [
"1625",
"1625",
"445585"
] | [
"890686"
] |
01718234 | We recreated some of their scenarios on our dataset. Scenario n°1 -The end of browser plugins. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01718234 | First, by looking at the differences between our newly collected data and AmIUnique, we can see that there is a significant difference in terms of distribution. Notably, we can see a clear bias in the demographic that AmIUnique attracted since the percentage of Linux desktop machines is much higher than the reported by StatCounter. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 00512717 | A reduced ideal a = (a; ! b) with ajb 2 Db + D 2 D 4 is S{smooth if and only if all prime divisors of a are bounded above by 2 S . | 2002 | [
"info"
] | [
"124019",
"2071"
] | [
"175273",
"7033"
] |
01718234 | For the first string, we force the browser to use one of its fallback fonts by asking for a font with a fake name. Depending on the OS and the fonts installed on the device, fallback fonts may differ from one user to another. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01718234 | Comparison with Panopticlick and AmIunique
In the data collected by Panopticlick, Eckersley observed that 83% of visitors had instantaneously recognizable fingerprints. This number reached 94% for devices with Flash or Java installed. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 02309946 | In terms of the average results (f avg ), I2PLS also
Table 6
6 Summary of numbers of instances for which each algorithm reports a better, equal or worse f bst value compared to the best-known value in the literature and p-values of the Wilcoxon singned-rank test on f best values over all instances between I2PLS and each reference algorithm including the best-known values. Instance Best Known BABC BABC* gPSO MSO4 I2PLS
# Better - 0 2 0 0 18
# Equal - 2 6 28 3 12
# Worse - 28 22 2 12 0
p-value 2.14e-4 4.00e-6 2.89e-5 1.43e-4 2.52e-3 -
performs very well by reporting better or equal f best values for all instances
except three cases (100 85 0.15 0.85, 100 100 0.15 0.85 and 85 100 0.15 0.85)
for which BABC* has better values. | 2019 | [
"info"
] | [
"6258",
"6258",
"56663"
] | [
"857035"
] |
01718234 | These results are explained by the absence of diversity in these attributes on mobile devices. Results are very different for Content language and Timezone: over 60% of fingerprints turned into unique fingerprints. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01718234 | Results. The experiment was repeated ten times and results were averaged. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 00305407 | Then there exists a HCA with characteristic polynomial p and characteristic subpolynomial q if and only if applying Euclid's greatest division algorithm to p and q results in n degree one quotients. Thus ∆ N -1 and ∆ N -2 determine the whole HCA. | 2008 | [
"info"
] | [
"59923",
"59923"
] | [
"5525",
"739284"
] |
01718234 | When analyzing the percentages of unique fingerprints, the amount of fingerprints is an important element that influences the results. As discussed by Eckersley in [START_REF] Eckersley | How Unique is Your Web Browser? | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01718234 | Table 1 :
1 OS market share distribution. OS Our data AmIUnique StatCounter
Nov'14-Jul'17 [22] Jul'17 [6]
Windows 93.5% 63.7% 84%
MacOS 5.5% 14.9% 11%
Linux 0.9% 16.9% 1.8%
Android 72% 55.6% 70%
iOS 18.8% 42.3% 22%
Windows Phone 7.6% <1% 1%
Table
Table 2 :
2 Browser measurements for the data. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 00912613 | In details, the method first creates a string buffer of a size equal to nCopies × size of the string. Then, it appends the string nCopies times in a for-loop using Java's append method. | 2014 | [
"info"
] | [
"2546",
"239912",
"2546",
"239912",
"56663"
] | [
"2635",
"135"
] |
01718234 | These findings show that the evolution of web technologies can benefit privacy with a limited impact. While some of them are becoming a reality, others are more improbable. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01718234 | On personal computers, the drop is abrupt from 35.7% to 0.7%. The improvement in privacy by removing JavaScript is highly visible, but the cost to the ease and comfort of using web services could be overly high. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01567590 | This study aims to investigate the practicality of giving guidelines or advice to users before they start choosing their image passwords, the effectiveness of using a smaller tolerance (clickable areas) and the optimum combination of click and image passwords. An alternative graphical prototype known as the Enhanced Graphical Authentication Scheme (EGAS) was developed in order to achieve these aims which implemented two different types of data collection (internal and external). | 2011 | [
"info"
] | [
"469055",
"375738",
"469055",
"31665",
"469055"
] | [
"1013393"
] |
01718234 | In addition to the effects produced by the evolution of technologies, there are some issues resulting from the collection process. Some of them are caused by targeting a specific demographic group. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01718234 | Do more developed countries have access to a wider range of devices and, as a consequence, present a larger set of fingerprints? Do more educated users have a tendency to specialize and configure more their devices which, as a result, would make their fingerprints more unique? | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 02348198 | Then, the message arrives at destination processor, but P 4 has already begun its execution: the data will be used at the next cycle of P 4 , i.e. 50 ms later. | 2016 | [
"info"
] | [
"55697",
"1001833",
"1001833",
"448187",
"1001833"
] | [
"1101558",
"752809",
"1017781"
] |
01718234 | For the experiment, we chose fingerprints belonging to sets larger than 50 fingerprints. New values were chosen randomly from nonunique fingerprints that had the same operating system and web browser (including versions). | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01718234 | A W3C draft has even been written on how to mitigate browser fingerprinting directly in web specifications [START_REF]Mitigating Browser Fingerprinting in Web Specifications -W3C Draft[END_REF]. This shows how important privacy is going forward and we can expect in the future that new APIs will not reveal any identifying information on the user's device. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 00525288 | when gestures are also available) or on the theory to be tested. This instantiation process then relies on the selection of a set of categories to be used to typify discourse entities, links and universes. | 2000 | [
"info"
] | [
"2351",
"2351",
"2351"
] | [
"787987",
"307",
"3302"
] |
01718234 | APPENDIX A. LIST OF TESTED FONTS
Andale Mono, AppleGothic, Arial, Arial Black, Arial Hebrew, Arial MT,Arial Narrow, Arial Rounded MT Bold, Arial Unicode MS, | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01718234 | These fingerprints include recent technologies, such as the HTML5 canvas element and the WebGL API. In the study conducted by Laperdrix et al. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01120180 | Guide-Me is used for multiple purposes: to design systems such as the ''notepad assisted slideshow'', to study MIS challenges, to evaluate resulting designs, to study complementary model transformations, or to assess the understanding of models by designers. Such a collaborative development is made easier by the Eclipse extensions mechanisms, opening the way to collaborations with other models dealing with MIS or HCI development. | 2014 | [
"info"
] | [
"398184",
"217752",
"3557",
"398184",
"34499"
] | [
"741941",
"1017064",
"10420"
] |
01718234 | Regarding Timezone and Cookies enabled, drops occur in entropy values due to the characteristics of our dataset. As we explained in Section 2, we analyze fingerprints from users who accepted cookies, and most of them live in the same geographic region. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01718234 | Canvas. The Canvas API allows for scriptable rendering of 2D shapes and texts in the browser. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 03384164 | Software architecture
AGAT is composed of three modules (Image, BinaryPartitionTree, TreeEvaluation) required for the construction of binary partition trees from images, their handling and their evaluation. The three modules are coded in pure Java 8, taking advantage of the latest language innovations. | 2021 | [
"info"
] | [
"10947",
"1004851",
"21189",
"21189"
] | [
"735168",
"17339",
"174490",
"17335"
] |
01718234 | Do more developed countries have access to a wider range of devices and, as a consequence, present a larger set of fingerprints? Do more educated users have a tendency to specialize and configure more their devices which, as a result, would make their fingerprints more unique? | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01718234 | These functions are plotted on a specific interval and using the PI value of the JavaScript Math library as a parameter. The third set of elements consists in drawing a set of ellipsis. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 03609450 | Even though the case study was done for a specific agency from AlayaCare, this agency was selected because it includes most of the key features of the consider problem (e.g., stochastic demands, several geographic areas, di↵erent types of shifts, several work regulations for the composition of schedules). Therefore, we believe that our study is general and that the conclusions drawn form the computational experiments can be similar if the methodology is tested in other practical cases. | 2020 | [
"info"
] | [
"95464",
"57241",
"95464"
] | [
"753277"
] |
01718234 | Then, looking at our own dataset, a privacy-aware fingerprinting seems achievable thanks to the low percentages of unique fingerprints we present in this study. CONCLUSION
In this work, we analyzed 2,067,942 browser fingerprints collected through a script that was launched on one of the top 15 French websites. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01718234 | Towards a potential privacy-aware fingerprinting
An arms race is currently developing between users and thirdparties. As people are getting educated on the questions of tracking and privacy on the web, more and more users are installing browser extensions to protect their daily browsing activities. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 03114590 | The current pose is so initialised by all the possible poses, Line 8 (x 1max and x 2max corresponding to the limits of the environment), in order to perform a global localisation. IV. | 2012 | [
"info"
] | [
"225764",
"225764",
"225764",
"225764"
] | [
"178046",
"753780",
"182420",
"914007"
] |
01718234 | This means that font probing here will report incorrect results if one were to ask Times New Roman on a system with the Tinos font installed (or vice versa). To fix this problem, we measured the dimensions of a div against three font style variants. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01718234 | How uniquely identifiable are fingerprints in our data? This question aims at determining how diverse the browser fingerprints are in this novel dataset. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 03255423 | 2b). The same uncertainty holds when introducing the MAB approach. | 2011 | [
"info"
] | [
"174745",
"6258",
"219656",
"6258"
] | [
"181154",
"735672"
] |
01718234 | This is because phone manufacturers include the model of their phone and even sometimes the version of firmware directly in the user-agent as revealed by Laperdrix et al. [START_REF] Laperdrix | Beauty and the Beast: Diverting modern web browsers to build unique browser fingerprints[END_REF]. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01611101 | The rest of operating system have higher values. Table 1 reveals that we collected 3,992 unique values for the user-agent attribute, making it the most distinctive attribute. | 2017 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"491189"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01338043 | Privacy-Preserving Linear Programming based on Problem Transformation
b z s ≥ 0 6 )
6 = c T * Q 0 . . | 2011 | [
"info"
] | [
"189789",
"457294"
] | [
"5211",
"984177"
] |
01718234 | A plugin update is noticeable by a change in the list of plugins. When web browsers evolve naturally, changes happen automatically without any user intervention and this affects all users. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01611101 | Since every phone manufacturer provides their own sets of emojis, such a test can be a powerful technique to uncover information. With the absence of the Flash plugin to provide the list of fonts and the poor presence of plugins, mobile devices would be less recognizable than desktop machines. | 2017 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"491189"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 00935547 | Note, how it was expected, that non only the third order scheme gives a smaller error respect to the second order scheme for a given number of DOF, but the accuracy of the solution is also strictly related to the accuracy of the gradient reconstruction method. C. Laminar flow over a delta wing
Consider now the laminar flow over a delta wing. | 2013 | [
"info"
] | [
"90028",
"90028"
] | [
"833581",
"927553"
] |
01718234 | This leaves the Content language, List of plugins, Available fonts and Timezone under the scope of our analysis. For the experiment, we chose fingerprints belonging to sets larger than 50 fingerprints. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01611101 | Consequently, browser fingerprints become more and more precise and can be used to uniquely identify devices. Browser fingerprinting can hence be considered as a privacy side channel of some engineering decisions for web browser customization. | 2017 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"491189"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 02079977 | 51, the image quality changes with the number of simultaneous transmissions. The contrast was investigated for a hyperechoic cylinder, whilst the resolution was measured for a media point, both placed on the focal point (4 cm). | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"139739",
"396033"
] | [
"173692"
] |
01718234 | We perform in total 66 * 3 tests and each one can take the value 'true' or 'false'. These results in 2 66 * 3 possible combinations even if, in practice, many of them will not be found. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01611101 | Meanwhile, the majority of browsing activities have switched from laptops to mobile devices. Yet, there is currently a lack of systematic analysis of browser fingerprinting on mobile devices. | 2017 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"491189"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01526272 | In general, replacing all numerical computations with interval ones does not yield a tight enclosure of rounding or truncation errors: issues like overestimation or wrapping effect [START_REF] Neumaier | Taylor forms -Use and limits[END_REF] are often present. So, important care has to be put in the adaptation of numerical algorithms to rigorous computing, which often accounts for finding suitable symbolic-numeric objects that maintain both the efficiency and the reliability of computations. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"388529",
"35418",
"178327",
"458310",
"441569",
"35418",
"178327",
"388529",
"441569"
] | [
"14209",
"16231",
"735561"
] |
01718234 | Our dataset is much different as it was collected by targeting a general audience through a commercial website. We believe that this difference in the fingerprint collection process is key to explain the differences between datasets, giving rise to RQ 3. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01611101 | The term was introduced by Eckersley [START_REF] Eckersley | How Unique Is Your Browser[END_REF] in 2010. Eckersley showed that when values for a set of components are collected, the combination of values obtained is mostly unique. | 2017 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"491189"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01138684 | However, when moving to the case in which the number of VM instances that access Repo-1 is 50% and 25%, the interactions with the NFS server double for collab-simple when compared to collab-dedup. This confirms the speed-up of up to 2x for collab-dedup over collab-simple discussed in the previous section. | 2015 | [
"info"
] | [
"204497",
"74701",
"74701"
] | [
"21945",
"965444",
"965445"
] |
01718234 | Panopticlick AmIUnique Dataset Mobile devices Desktop/laptop machines
Attribute Entropy Norm. Entropy Norm. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01611101 | The design and architecture of current web browsers allows companies and open source communities to develop a wide number of software components, allowing users to personalize web browsers. However, the variety of possibilities for customizing web browsers makes diversity one of the sources of privacy problems. | 2017 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"491189"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01026301 | The axiom states that when the poly-match of the terms of an output t match with the patterns of an input p (and in the channel-based setting the output and input are along the same channel) yields a substitution σ, then reduce to (P in the synchronous languages in parallel with) σ applied to Q. The general reduction relation -→ is defined as follows:
s t .P | s( p).Q -→ P | σQ Match( t; p) = σ P -→ P ′ P | Q -→ P ′ | Q P -→ P ′ (νa)P -→ (νa)P ′ P ≡ Q Q -→ Q ′ Q ′ ≡ P ′ P -→ P ′
with =⇒ denoting the reflexive, transitive closure of -→. | 2014 | [
"info"
] | [
"56040"
] | [
"955938"
] |
01718234 | CONCLUSION
In this work, we analyzed 2,067,942 browser fingerprints collected through a script that was launched on one of the top 15 French websites. Our work focuses on determining if fingerprinting is still possible at a large scale. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01611101 | Browser fingerprinting can hence be considered as a privacy side channel of some engineering decisions for web browser customization. Most of the current Internet traffic comes from mobile devices, but there is a lack of systematic analysis of browser fingerprinting on these devices. | 2017 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"491189"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 00702414 | English We use the Wall Street Journal section of the Penn-II Treebank [START_REF] Marcus | The Penn Treebank: Annotating predicate argument structure[END_REF]. We train our parser on sections 2-21 and use section 22 concatenated with section 24 as our development set. | 2010 | [
"info"
] | [
"129806",
"129806",
"129806",
"129806",
"129806",
"129806"
] | [
"1192450"
] |
01718234 | The third set of elements consists in drawing a set of ellipsis. These figures are drawn with different colors and with different levels of transparency. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01611101 | The literature reports on many ways to fingerprint browsers, as well as some solutions to limit browser fingerprint tracking and highlight some of their shortcomings. However, due to the increasing speed of technology development, efforts to counter fingerprinting are not enough. | 2017 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"491189"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 03744302 | The touch duration would be different between a single-touch and a multitouch action. Fraction of Touch Action Events. | 2019 | [
"info"
] | [
"251675",
"251675",
"184781",
"1122296",
"254148"
] | [
"1024048",
"1040504"
] |
01718234 | From AmIUnique to our dataset, the difference is 0.126 resulting in a decrease of 0.365 from Panopticlick to our data. This gradual decrease in the entropy value for the List of plugins is explained by the absence of plugins on mobile devices and by the removal of plugins from modern browsers. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01611101 | Most of the current Internet traffic comes from mobile devices, but there is a lack of systematic analysis of browser fingerprinting on these devices. Previous studies have focused on mobile and desktop fingerprints comparison, but to our knowledge there are not many studies focused exclusively on the analysis of fingerprinting on mobile devices. | 2017 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"491189"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01920595 | We note that GrAPFI is tested on different domain similarity thresholds that serves the purpose of filtering the collected neighbors. In fact, in a network of millions of nodes, it is common to have a large number of neighbors sharing domains with a node. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"420402",
"413289",
"420402",
"413289",
"420402"
] | [
"16269"
] |
01718234 | This supports the identification of returning visitors. Compared to the other two detailed studies, the website used to collect this dataset covers a wide range of topics and it is not dedicated to browser fingerprinting. | 2018 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"366312"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01611101 | Later new browser fingerprinting techniques were developed, exploiting the latest JavaScript APIs. In 2011, using an interpreter based on timing and performance patterns, and acting only in the user agent header, Mowery et al. | 2017 | [
"info"
] | [
"491189",
"491189",
"491189"
] | [
"1020188",
"184121",
"838700"
] | 01223288 | Theorem 1 P (F, x) = k j=1 x1,...,xj λ 2 x1,...,xj (x -1) j -bx k + b 2 . Proof. | 2016 | [
"info"
] | [
"211142",
"2465",
"181",
"51872",
"56048",
"199129"
] | [
"739520",
"1711",
"6470",
"909194"
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.