word stringlengths 1 43 | display_word stringlengths 1 43 | parts_of_speech listlengths 1 9 | etymology_texts listlengths 0 9 | pairs listlengths 1 29 | source_languages listlengths 1 13 | mechanisms listlengths 1 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
abnegative | abnegative | [
"adj"
] | [
"From Latin abnegativus."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abnegativus",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Latin abnegativus"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abnegator | abnegator | [
"noun"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Italic *ap\nLate Latin abder.\nLate Latin ab-\nLate Latin negō\nLate Latin abnegō\nLate Latin abnegātus\nProto-Indo-European *-tōr\nProto-Italic *-tōr\nLate Latin -tor\nLate Latin abnegātorbor.\nEnglish abnegator\... | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-lat",
"source_term": "abnegator",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Late Latin abnegator"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abnet | abnet | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Hebrew אבנט (avnet, “girdle, belt”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Hebrew",
"source_code": "he",
"source_term": "אבנט",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Hebrew אבנט (avnet, “girdle, belt”)"
}
] | [
"Hebrew"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abnormal | abnormal | [
"adj",
"noun"
] | [
"From ab- + normal. First attested in 1835, replacing the earlier anormal and even earlier abnormous, from Latin abnormis (“departing from normal”), from either ab- (“away from”) + norma (“rule, norm”), or Ancient Greek ἀνώμαλος (anṓmalos)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abnormis",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin abnormis (“departing from normal”)"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Greek",
"source_code": "grc",
"source_term": "ἀνώ... | [
"Greek",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
abnormity | abnormity | [
"noun"
] | [
"From abnorm(al) + -ity, from Late Latin abnormitas, from Latin abnormis (“irregular, abnormal”), from ab + norm (“rule, pattern”). See also abnormous."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-lat",
"source_term": "abnormitas",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Late Latin abnormitas"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abnormis",
"... | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
abnormous | abnormous | [
"adj"
] | [
"From Latin abnormis, from ab- + norma (“rule”), + -ous. For more, see normal."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abnormis",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Latin abnormis"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
aboard | aboard | [
"adv",
"prep"
] | [
"From Middle English abord, from a- (“on”) + bord (“board, side of a ship”); equivalent to a- + board."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abord",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abord"
}
] | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
abode | abode | [
"noun",
"verb"
] | [
"From Middle English abod, abad, from Old English *ābād, related to ābīdan (“to abide”); see abide. Cognate with Scots abade, abaid (“abode”). For the change of nouns, compare abode, preterite of abide.",
"From an alteration (with bode) of Middle English abeden (“to announce”), from Old English ābēodan (“to comma... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abod",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abod"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "*ābād",
"templa... | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
abolish | abolish | [
"verb"
] | [
"From late Middle English abolisshen, from Middle French aboliss-, extended stem of abolir, from Latin abolēre (“to retard, check the growth of, (and by extension) destroy, abolish”), and inchoative abolēscere (“to wither, vanish, cease”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abolisshen",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abolisshen"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "aboliss-",... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abolishment | abolishment | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle French abolissement, from aboliss-, stem of some conjugated forms abolir, equivalent to abolish + -ment."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "abolissement",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Middle French abolissement"
}
] | [
"French"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
aboma | aboma | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Sranan Tongo aboma, from Fanti Akan aboma (“large constricting snake”), perhaps via French aboma."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Other",
"source_code": "other",
"source_term": "aboma",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Sranan Tongo aboma"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Other",
"source_code": "other",
"source_term": "aboma",
"template"... | [
"French",
"Other"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
abomasum | abomasum | [
"noun"
] | [
"From New Latin abomāsum, from ab- (“away from”) + omāsum (“tripe of a bullock”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-new",
"source_term": "abomāsum",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "New Latin abomāsum"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abominable | abominable | [
"adj"
] | [
"From Middle English abhomynable, from Old French abominable, from Late Latin abōminābilis (“deserving abhorrence”), from abōminor (“abhor, deprecate as an ill omen”), from ab (“from, away from”) + ōminor (“forebode, predict, presage”), from ōmen (“sign, token, omen”). Formerly erroneously folk-etymologized as deri... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abhomynable",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abhomynable"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "abominab... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abominate | abominate | [
"adj",
"verb"
] | [
"First attested in 1644. Perhaps a back-formation from abomination. Alternatively, perhaps from Late Latin abōminātus, past participle of abōminarī (“to deprecate as an ill omen”), from ab + ominari (“to forebode, presage”), from omen."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-lat",
"source_term": "abōminātus",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Late Latin abōminātus"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
abomination | abomination | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English abominacioun, from Middle French abomination (“horror, disgust”), from Late Latin abōminātiō, abōminātiōnem (“abomination”) Doublet of abominatio."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abominacioun",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abominacioun"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "abomin... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
aboon | aboon | [
"prep",
"adv",
"adj",
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English abone, abowne, from abuven, from Old English abūfan (“above”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abone",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abone"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "abūfan",
"tem... | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
abord | abord | [
"noun"
] | [
"From French abord, from aborder (“to aboard”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "abord",
"template": "der",
"detail": "French abord"
}
] | [
"French"
] | [
"derived"
] |
abort | abort | [
"noun",
"verb"
] | [
"From Middle English, from Latin abortus, perfect active participle of aborior (“miscarry”), formed from ab + orior (“to come into being”). Doublet of abortus.",
"From Latin abortare, from abortus, from aboriri (“miscarry”), from ab- (“not”) + oriri (“come into being, arise, appear”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "-",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Middle English"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abortus",
"template": "der",
... | [
"English",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
abortifacient | abortifacient | [
"adj",
"noun"
] | [
"First attested in 1875. abort + -facient (“causing an”), from Latin facere (“to make”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "facere",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin facere (“to make”)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
abortion | abortion | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Latin abortiōnem (“miscarriage, abortion”), from aborior (“to miscarry”). Equivalent to abort + -ion. Displaced native Old English ǣwyrp (literally “throwing out, rejection”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abortiō",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Latin abortiōnem (“miscarriage, abortion”)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abortive | abortive | [
"adj",
"noun",
"verb"
] | [
"First attested in 1382, with the meaning \"causing stillbirth or miscarriage\". From Middle English abortif, from Old French abortif, from Latin abortīvus (“causing abortion”), from aborior (“miscarry, disappear”), from ab (“amiss”) + orior (“appear, be born, arise”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abortif",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abortif"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "abortif",
"t... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abound | abound | [
"verb"
] | [
"* First attested around 1325.\n* From Middle English abounden, abounde, from Old French abonder, abunder, from Latin abundāre (“overflow”), which comes from ab (“from, down from”) + undō (“surge, swell, rise in waves, move in waves”), from unda (“wave”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abounden",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abounden"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "abonder",
... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
about | about | [
"prep",
"adv",
"adj",
"verb"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *ana-\nProto-West Germanic *ana-\nOld English on-?\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ep-der.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁epsder.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁epider.\nProto-Indo-European *h₁pi\nProto-Germanic *bi\nProto-West Germanic *bī\nProto-West Germanic *bi-\nProto-Indo-European *úd\nProto-Germani... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "aboute",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English aboute"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "abūtan",
"t... | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
above | above | [
"prep",
"adv",
"adj",
"noun"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *ud-s-?\nProto-Indo-European *h₂u-s-?\nProto-Germanic *uz-\nProto-West Germanic *uʀ-\nOld English ar-\nOld English ā-\nProto-West Germanic *bi-\nProto-Indo-European *upó\nProto-Germanic *ub\nProto-Germanic *-anē\nProto-Germanic *ubanē\nProto-West Germanic *obanā\nProto-West Germ... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "above",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English above"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "ābufan",
"tem... | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
abracadabra | abracadabra | [
"noun",
"intj"
] | [
"Learned borrowing from Late Latin abracadabra."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-lat",
"source_term": "abracadabra",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Learned borrowing from Late Latin abracadabra"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abrade | abrade | [
"verb"
] | [
"From Latin abrādō (“scrape off”), from ab (“from, away from”) + rādō (“scrape”). First attested in 1677.",
"From Middle English abraiden. See abraid."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abrādō",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Latin abrādō (“scrape off”)"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abraiden",
... | [
"English",
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed",
"inherited"
] |
abraid | abraid | [
"verb",
"adv"
] | [
"From Middle English abraiden, abreiden (“to start up, awake, move, reproach”), from Old English ābreġdan (“to move quickly, vibrate, draw, draw from, remove, unsheath, wrench, pull out, withdraw, take away, draw back, free from, draw up, raise, lift up, start up”), from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out”) + *bregdaną (“to... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abraiden",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abraiden"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "ābreġdan",
... | [
"English",
"Proto-Germanic"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abranchiata | abranchiata | [
"noun"
] | [
"From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “not”) + βράγχια (bránkhia, “gills”) + -ata."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-new",
"source_term": "-",
"template": "der",
"detail": "New Latin"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Greek",
"source_code": "grc",
"source_term": "ἀ-",
"template": "der",
"deta... | [
"Greek",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
abrase | abrase | [
"adj",
"verb"
] | [
"From Latin abrāsus, perfect passive participle of abrādō (“abrade”), from ab (“from, away from”) + rādō (“scrape”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abrāsus",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin abrāsus"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
abrasion | abrasion | [
"noun"
] | [
"First attested in 1656. From French abrasion (attested since 1611), from Medieval Latin abrasio (“a scraping”), from Latin abrādō (“scrape off”). See also abrade."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "abrasion",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "French abrasion"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-med",
"source_term": "abrasio",
"template... | [
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
abrasive | abrasive | [
"adj",
"noun"
] | [
"From Medieval Latin abrāsīvus"
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-med",
"source_term": "abrāsīvus",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Medieval Latin abrāsīvus"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abraum | abraum | [
"noun"
] | [
"From German abräumen (“to remove”), from ab (“from”) (Old High German aba (“away”)) + raum (“space”) (Old High German rūm)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "German",
"source_code": "de",
"source_term": "abräumen",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "German abräumen (“to remove”)"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "German",
"source_code": "goh",
"source_term": "aba",
"... | [
"German"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
abreast | abreast | [
"adv",
"adj",
"prep"
] | [
"From Middle English abrest. By surface analysis, a- (“on, at”) + breast, meaning “breasts (chests) in line, side-by-side and exactly equally advanced”; roughly “breast-by-breast”."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abrest",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abrest"
}
] | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
abrenounce | abrenounce | [
"verb"
] | [
"Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin abrenunciare, from Latin ab- (“from”) + renuntio (“revoke”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-med",
"source_term": "abrenunciare",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin abrenunciare"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
... | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
abrenunciation | abrenunciation | [
"noun"
] | [
"From either Old French abrenonciation or from Late Latin abrenuntiatio, from Late Latin abrenuntiatiō, from ab + renuntiatiō (“to renounce”).\n* See abrenounce."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "abrenonciation",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Old French abrenonciation"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-lat",
"source_term": "abrenun... | [
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
abreption | abreption | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Latin abreptus, perfect passive participle of abripiō (“snatch away”); from ab (“away”) + rapiō (“snatch”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abreptus",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin abreptus"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
abreuvoir | abreuvoir | [
"noun"
] | [
"Borrowed from French abreuvoir (“a watering place”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "abreuvoir",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "French abreuvoir (“a watering place”)"
}
] | [
"French"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abridge | abridge | [
"verb",
"name"
] | [
"From Middle English abreggen, abregge, abrigge (“curtail, lessen”), from Old French abregier, abreger, from Late Latin abbreviō, abbreviāre (“make brief”). Doublet of abbreviate.",
"From Middle English Affebrigg, from Old English, from Æffa (personal name) + brycg (“bridge”). For the first element see Effingham.... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abreggen",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abreggen"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "abregier",
... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abridgment | abridgment | [
"noun"
] | [
"First attested in 1494. From Middle English abrygement, from Middle French abrégement. Equivalent to abridge + -ment."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abrygement",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abrygement"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "abrégement... | [
"English",
"French"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abroach | abroach | [
"verb",
"adv",
"adj"
] | [
"From Middle English abroche, from Norman, from Old French abroche (“to spigot”). Equivalent to a- + broach."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abroche",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abroche"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Other",
"source_code": "other",
"source_term": "-",
"templa... | [
"English",
"French",
"Other"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abroad | abroad | [
"adv",
"noun",
"prep",
"adj"
] | [
"First attested in mid 13th century. From Middle English abrood (“broadly widely scattered”), from a- (“on, in”) + brood (“broad”). Equivalent to a- + broad."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abrood",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abrood (“broadly widely scattered”)"
}
] | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
abrogable | abrogable | [
"adj"
] | [
"From Latin abrogō. Equivalent to abrogate + -able."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abrogō",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin abrogō"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
abrogate | abrogate | [
"verb",
"adj"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Italic *ap\nLatin abder.\nLatin ab-\nLatin rogō\nLatin abrogō\nLatin abrogātusder.\nMiddle English abrogat\nEnglish abrogate\nFirst attested in 1526, from Middle English abrogat (“abolished”), from Latin abrogātus... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abrogat",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abrogat (“abolished”)"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abro... | [
"English",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abrogation | abrogation | [
"noun"
] | [
"First attested in 1535. From Middle French abrogation, from Latin abrogātiō (“repealed”), from abrogo, from ab (“from”) + rogo (“ask, inquire”). By surface analysis, ab- + Latin rog- + -ate + -ion."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "abrogation",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Middle French abrogation"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abrogātiō",
... | [
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
abrood | abrood | [
"adv",
"adj"
] | [
"From Middle English abrod, equivalent to a- + brood."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abrod",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abrod"
}
] | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
abrupt | abrupt | [
"adj",
"verb",
"noun"
] | [
"First attested in 1583. Borrowed from Latin abruptus (“broken off”), perfect passive participle of abrumpō (“break off”), formed from ab (“from, away from”) + rumpō (“to break”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abruptus",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Latin abruptus (“broken off”)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abruption | abruption | [
"noun"
] | [
"From abrupt + -ion. From Latin abruptio, from abrumpo (“to break off”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abruptio",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Latin abruptio"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abscess | abscess | [
"noun",
"verb"
] | [
"Borrowed from Latin abscessus (“a going away; gathering of humors, abscess”), from abscēdō (“go away, depart”), from abs (“away from”) + cēdō (“go”). See cede."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abscessus",
"template": "bor+",
"detail": "Borrowed from Latin abscessus (“a going away; gathering of humors, abscess”)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abscession | abscession | [
"noun"
] | [
"Learned borrowing from Latin abscessio (“a separation”); from abscedere. See abscess."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abscessio",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Learned borrowing from Latin abscessio (“a separation”)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abscind | abscind | [
"verb"
] | [
"From Latin abscindere (“cut off”), from ab (“from, away from”) + scindō (“cut, rend”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abscindō",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin abscindere (“cut off”)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
abscision | abscision | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Latin abscisiō."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abscisiō",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin abscisiō"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
absciss | absciss | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Latin abscissa, feminine of abscissus, perfect passive participle of abscindō (“cut asunder”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abscissa",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Latin abscissa"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abscissa | abscissa | [
"noun"
] | [
"By ellipsis from Latin [linea] abscissa, feminine of abscissus, perfect passive participle of abscindō (“cut off”). See abscind."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "-",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
on | on | [
"adj",
"adv",
"prep",
"verb",
"noun"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂en-der.\nProto-Germanic *an\nProto-West Germanic *ana\nOld English on\nMiddle English on\nEnglish on\nFrom Middle English on, from Old English on, an (“on, upon, onto, in, into”), from Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana (“on, at”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "on",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English on"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "Proto-Germanic",
"source_code": "gmw-pro",
"source_term": "*ana",
"... | [
"English",
"Japanese",
"Old Norse",
"Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
kun | kun | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Japanese 訓読み (kun'yomi), literally \"meaning reading\" (i.e. pronunciation based on meaning)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Japanese",
"source_code": "ja",
"source_term": "訓読み",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Japanese 訓読み (kun'yomi)"
}
] | [
"Japanese"
] | [
"derived"
] |
abscission | abscission | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Latin abscissiō, from abscindō (“to cut, to tear”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abscissiō",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Latin abscissiō"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abscond | abscond | [
"verb"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Italic *ap\nLatin abder.\nLatin abs-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱe\nProto-Indo-European *ḱóm\nProto-Italic *kom\nProto-Italic *kom-\nLatin con-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁tder.\nProto-Itali... | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "abscondre",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Middle French abscondre"
},
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abscondō",
"... | [
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
odd | odd | [
"adj",
"noun",
"name"
] | [
"From Middle English odde, od (“odd (not even); leftover after division into pairs”), from Old Norse oddi (“odd, third or additional number; triangle”), from oddr (“point of a weapon”), from Proto-Germanic *uzdaz (“point”), from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“to stick, prick, pierce, sting”) + *dʰeh₁- (“to set, place”... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "odde",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English odde"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Old Norse",
"source_code": "non",
"source_term": "oddi",
"templat... | [
"English",
"French",
"Old Norse",
"Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
calendar | calendar | [
"noun",
"verb"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nOld French calendierbor.\nMiddle English kalender\nEnglish calendar\nFrom Middle English kalender, from Old French calendier, from Latin calendarium (“account book”), from kalendae (“the first day of the month”), from kalō (“to announce solemnly, to call out (the sighting of the new moon)”), from P... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "kalender",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English kalender"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "calendier",
... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
millennium | millennium | [
"noun",
"name"
] | [
"From Late Latin mīllennium, from Latin mīllennis (“1000-year”) + -ium (forming abstract nouns)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-lat",
"source_term": "mīllennium",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Late Latin mīllennium"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "mīllennis",
"... | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
raptor | raptor | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English raptour, from Latin raptor (“kidnapper, thief”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "raptour",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English raptour"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "raptor",
"temp... | [
"English",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
week | week | [
"noun"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *weyg-der.\nProto-Germanic *wikǭ\nProto-West Germanic *wikā\nOld English wiċe\nMiddle English wyke\nEnglish week\nFrom Middle English wyke, weke, from Old English wiċe, wucu (“week”), from Proto-West Germanic *wikā, from Proto-Germanic *wikǭ (“sequence; week”), from Proto-Indo-E... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "wyke",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English wyke"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "wiċe",
"templat... | [
"English",
"Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
leap | leap | [
"verb",
"noun",
"adj"
] | [
"From Middle English lepen, from Old English hlēapan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaupan, from Proto-Germanic *hlaupaną. Doublet of lope, lowp, elope, gallop, galop, interlope, and loop.\nCognate with North Frisian laap, luup, luupe (“to jog, run, walk”), Saterland Frisian lope, loope (“to run”), West Frisian ljeppe... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "lepen",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English lepen"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "hlēapan",
"te... | [
"English",
"Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
nu | nu | [
"noun",
"intj",
"name"
] | [
"From Ancient Greek νῦ (nû), name for the letter of the Greek alphabet Ν (N) and ν (n).",
"Borrowed from Yiddish נו (nu). Doublet of now.",
"Borrowed from Egyptian nnw (“Nu, the primeval waters”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Greek",
"source_code": "grc",
"source_term": "νῦ",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Ancient Greek νῦ (nû)"
},
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Other",
"source_code": "other",
"source_term": "נו",
"template": "bo... | [
"Greek",
"Other"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
winter | winter | [
"noun",
"verb"
] | [
"From Middle English winter, from Old English winter, from Proto-West Germanic *wintru, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz (“winter”). Cognate with West Frisian winter (“winter”), Dutch winter (“winter”), German Winter (“winter”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian vinter (“winter”), Icelandic vetur (“winter”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "winter",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English winter"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "Proto-Germanic",
"source_code": "gmw-pro",
"source_term": "*win... | [
"English",
"Proto-Germanic"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
bone | bone | [
"noun",
"adj",
"verb",
"adv"
] | [
"From Middle English bon, from Old English bān (“bone, tusk; the bone of a limb”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą (“bone”), from *bainaz (“straight”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike, beat”).\nCognate with Scots bane, been, bean, bein, bain (“bone”), North Frisian bian, Biin, biinj (“bone; l... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "bon",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English bon"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "bān",
"template":... | [
"English",
"French",
"Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
servant | servant | [
"noun",
"verb"
] | [
"From Middle English servaunt, from Old French servant, from the present participle of the verb servir. Doublet of sergeant and servient. Morphologically serve + -ant. Displaced native Old English þeġn."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "servaunt",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English servaunt"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "servant",
... | [
"English",
"French"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
robot | robot | [
"noun"
] | [
"From German Robot, from a West Slavic language, ultimately related to Etymology 2, below.",
"Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-os\nProto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *árbas\nProto-Slavic *orbъ\nProto-Indo-European *-yeti\nProto-Indo-European *-éyeti\nProto-Balto-S... | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "German",
"source_code": "de",
"source_term": "Robot",
"template": "der",
"detail": "German Robot"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Other",
"source_code": "other",
"source_term": null,
"template": "der",
... | [
"German",
"Other"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
english | English | [
"adj",
"noun",
"name",
"verb"
] | [
"From Middle English Englisch, English, Inglis, from Old English Englisċ (“of the Angles; English”), from Engle (“the Angles”), a Germanic tribe + -isċ; equivalent to Engle + -ish. Compare West Frisian Ingelsk, Scots Inglis (older ynglis), Dutch Engels, Danish engelsk, Old French Englesche (whence French anglais), ... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "Englisch",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English Englisch"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "Englisċ",
... | [
"English",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
today | today | [
"adv",
"noun",
"adj"
] | [
"From Middle English today, to-daie, todæig, from Old English tōdæġ, tō dæġe (“today”, literally “on [the/this] day, [this] day forward”), equivalent to to + day. Compare Saterland Frisian däälich (“today”), Dutch vandaag (“today”), Old Saxon hindag (“today”, literally “[this] day forward”), German Low German vanda... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "today",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English today"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "tōdæġ",
"temp... | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
the | the | [
"article",
"adv"
] | [
"From Middle English þe, from Old English þē m (“the, that”, demonstrative pronoun), a late variant of sē, the s- (which occurred in the masculine and feminine nominative singular only) having been replaced by the þ- from the oblique stem.\nreplaced words, cognates\nOriginally neutral nominative, in Middle English ... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "þe",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English þe"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "þē",
"template": "i... | [
"English",
"Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
absent | absent | [
"adj",
"noun",
"prep",
"verb"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂ep\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *h₂epó\nProto-Italic *ap\nLatin abder.\nLatin ab-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁es-\nProto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi\nProto-Indo-European *bʰuH-\nProto-Indo-European *bʰúHt\nProto-Italic *som~*ezom\nLatin sum\nLatin absum\nLatin absēnsde... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "absent",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English absent"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "absent",
"temp... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
absentaneous | absentaneous | [
"adj"
] | [
"From Late Latin absentaneus. See absent."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-lat",
"source_term": "absentaneus",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Late Latin absentaneus"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
absentation | absentation | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Medieval Latin absentatio, from Latin absento (“to be absent”). Equivalent to absent + -ation."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-med",
"source_term": "absentatio",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Medieval Latin absentatio"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "absento",
... | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
absinthiate | absinthiate | [
"verb"
] | [
"Latin absinthium: compare absinthiatus."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "absinthium",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin absinthium"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
absinthin | absinthin | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Latin absinthium + -in."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "absinthium",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin absinthium"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
absinthium | absinthium | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English absinthium, from Latin absinthium, from Ancient Greek ἀψίνθιον (apsínthion). Doublet of absinthe."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "absinthium",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English absinthium"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "absinthium",... | [
"English",
"Greek",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
absist | absist | [
"verb"
] | [
"Latin absistere (“desist”); from ab (“from, away from”) + sistō (“stand”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "absistō",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Latin absistere (“desist”)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
absolutely | absolutely | [
"adv",
"intj"
] | [
"From late Middle English absolutly, equivalent to absolute + -ly.\nFirst attested in 1425."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "absolutly",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English absolutly"
}
] | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
absolution | absolution | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English absolucion, absolucioun, from Old French absolution, from Latin absolūtiōnem, accusative singular of absolūtiō (“acquittal”), from absolvō (“absolve”). See also absolve."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "absolucion",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English absolucion"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "absolution... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
absolutism | absolutism | [
"noun"
] | [
"First attested in 1753 (in the theological sense); attested in 1830 in the political sense. From absolute + -ism, based after French absolutisme."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "absolutisme",
"template": "der",
"detail": "French absolutisme"
}
] | [
"French"
] | [
"derived"
] |
absolutist | absolutist | [
"noun",
"adj"
] | [
"From absolute + -ist after French absolutiste."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "absolutiste",
"template": "der",
"detail": "French absolutiste"
}
] | [
"French"
] | [
"derived"
] |
absolutory | absolutory | [
"adj"
] | [
"From Latin absolūtōrius, from absolvō (“absolve”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "absolūtōrius",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Latin absolūtōrius"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
absolve | absolve | [
"verb"
] | [
"First attested in the early 15th century. From Middle English absolven, from Latin absolvere (“set free, acquit”), from ab (“away from”) + solvō (“loosen, free, release”). Doublet of assoil."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "absolven",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English absolven"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "absolvō",
"t... | [
"English",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
absolvent | absolvent | [
"adj",
"noun"
] | [
"An adaptation of the Latin absolvēns (“absolving”, stem: absolvent-), from absolvō (“to absolve”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "absolvēns",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Latin absolvēns (“absolving”, stem: absolvent-)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
absonant | absonant | [
"adj"
] | [
"From ab- + sonant, from Latin sonans (“sound”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "sonans",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin sonans (“sound”)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
absonous | absonous | [
"adj"
] | [
"From Latin absonus, from ab- (“away”) + sonus (“sound”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "absonus",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Latin absonus"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
absorpt | absorpt | [
"verb",
"adj"
] | [
"From Latin absorptus, perfect passive participle of absorbeō (“absorb”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "absorptus",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Latin absorptus"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
absque hoc | absque hoc | [
"phrase"
] | [
"Learned borrowing from Latin absque hoc (literally “without this”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "absque hoc",
"template": "learned borrowing",
"detail": "Learned borrowing from Latin absque hoc (literally “without this”)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abstain | abstain | [
"verb"
] | [
"First attested around 1380. From Middle English absteynen, absteinen, abstenen, from Old French astenir, abstenir, from Latin abstineō (“to hold oneself back”) from abs- (“from”) + teneō (“to hold”). See also tenable."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "absteynen",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English absteynen"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "astenir",
... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abstainer | abstainer | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English absteyner, equivalent to abstain + -er."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "absteyner",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English absteyner"
}
] | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
abstemious | abstemious | [
"adj"
] | [
"From Latin abstēmius (“abstaining from wine”); from ab, abs (“from”) + tēmus, a root of tēmētum (“intoxicating drink, especially strong mead or wine”) (possibly from Proto-Indo-European *temH- (“dark (referring to the colour of wine)”)) + -ous."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abstēmius",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin abstēmius (“abstaining from wine”)"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Proto-Indo-European",
"source_code": "ine-pro",
... | [
"Latin",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"derived"
] |
absterge | absterge | [
"verb"
] | [
"From French and Middle French absterger or from Medieval Latin abstergēre (“wipe off or away”); formed from Latin abs- + tergeō (“to wipe off”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "-",
"template": "der",
"detail": "French"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "absterger",
"template": "der",
"de... | [
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
absterse | absterse | [
"verb"
] | [
"From Middle English absterse, from Latin abstersus, perfect passive participle of abstergeō (“wipe off, wipe away”); formed from abs- + tergeō (“wipe”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "absterse",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English absterse"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abstersus",
... | [
"English",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abstersion | abstersion | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English abstersioun, from either Old French or Medieval Latin abstertion, from Latin abstersus, past participle of abstergēo (“to wipe off or away”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abstersioun",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abstersioun"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "-",
... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abstersive | abstersive | [
"adj",
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle French abstersif, from Latin abstersus."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "abstersif",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Middle French abstersif"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abstersus",
"t... | [
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
abstinency | abstinency | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Classical Latin abstinentia; compare -y (suffix forming abstract nouns) and earlier abstinence, a doublet."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-cla",
"source_term": "abstinentia",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Classical Latin abstinentia"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abstinent | abstinent | [
"adj",
"noun"
] | [
"First attested in the late 14th century as Middle English abstinent, abstynent, from Old French abstinent, from Latin abstinēns, present participle of abstineō. See abstain.",
"From Middle English abstinent (adjective form)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abstinent",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abstinent"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "abstinent",
... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abstractive | abstractive | [
"adj"
] | [
"From Middle English abstractif, from Medieval Latin abstractivus, from Latin abstractus (“drawn away”) + -ivus (“-ive”). Equivalent to abstract + -ive."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abstractif",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abstractif"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-med",
"source_term": "abstract... | [
"English",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abstractly | abstractly | [
"adv"
] | [
"From Middle English abstractly; equivalent to abstract + -ly."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abstractly",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abstractly"
}
] | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
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