word stringlengths 1 43 | display_word stringlengths 1 43 | parts_of_speech listlengths 1 9 | etymology_texts listlengths 0 9 | pairs listlengths 1 29 | source_languages listlengths 1 13 | mechanisms listlengths 1 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
abstringe | abstringe | [
"verb"
] | [
"Borrowed from Latin abstringō, from ab- (“away”) + stringō (“to bind, to tie”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abstringō",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Latin abstringō"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
abstrude | abstrude | [
"verb"
] | [
"From Latin abstrūdō (“push away, hide”). See abstruse."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abstrūdō",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin abstrūdō (“push away, hide”)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
abstruse | abstruse | [
"adj"
] | [
"PIE word\n *h₂epó\nLearned borrowing from Latin abstrūsus (“concealed, hidden; having been concealed”), an adjective use of the perfect passive participle of abstrūdō (“to conceal, hide; to push or thrust away”), from abs- (from ab- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; away from’)) + trūdō (“to push, shove; to thrust”) (u... | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abstrūsus",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Learned borrowing from Latin abstrūsus (“concealed, hidden; having been concealed”)"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Proto-Indo-... | [
"Latin",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
abstrusion | abstrusion | [
"noun"
] | [
"Borrowed from Latin abstrusio. See abstruse."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abstrusio",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Latin abstrusio"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
absume | absume | [
"verb"
] | [
"Learned borrowing from Latin absūmō (“diminish”); formed from ab (“from, away from”) + sūmō (“take”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "absūmō",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Learned borrowing from Latin absūmō (“diminish”)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
absumption | absumption | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Latin absumptionem. Compare absume."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "absumptio",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin absumptionem"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
absurdity | absurdity | [
"noun"
] | [
"First attested around 1472. From Middle English absurdite, then from either Middle French absurdité, or from Late Latin absurditas (“dissonance, incongruity”), from Latin absurdus + -itas (“quality, state, degree”). Equivalent to absurd + -ity."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "absurdite",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English absurdite"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "absurdité",
... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abuna | abuna | [
"noun",
"name"
] | [
"From Amharic አቡነ (ʾäbunä), Arabic أَبُونَا (ʔabūnā, “our father”).",
"From Portuguese Abunã.",
"From Ge'ez አቡነ (ʾäbunä, “our father”), from Arabic أَبُونَا (ʔabūnā, “our father”), from أَبُو (ʔabū), a form of أَب (ʔab, “father”), and ـنَا (-nā, “our”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Other",
"source_code": "other",
"source_term": "አቡነ",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Amharic አቡነ (ʾäbunä)"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Arabic",
"source_code": "ar",
"source_term": "أَبُونَا",
"template... | [
"Arabic",
"Other"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
abundantly | abundantly | [
"adv"
] | [
"From Middle English abundantly, abundauntli, habundantly, habundauntliche, equivalent to abundant + -ly."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abundantly",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abundantly"
}
] | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
abusage | abusage | [
"noun"
] | [
"From abuse + -age.\nFirst appeared in Middle English, c. 1450–1475, meaning “sexual misconduct”: cf. abuse (“forcing of undesired sexual activity”). Later in the 16th century, a general synonym of abuse. The word was partly repopularized after the appearance of a grammar titled Usage and Abusage: A Guide to Good E... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "-",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English"
}
] | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
abusion | abusion | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English abusioun, from Old French abusion, from Latin abūsiō (“abuse, misuse”), from abūtor (“misuse”). Doublet of abusio."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abusioun",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abusioun"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "abusion",
... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abusive | abusive | [
"adj"
] | [
"First attested in the 1530s. From French abusif, from Latin abūsīvus, from abusus + -ivus (“-ive”). Equivalent to abuse + -ive."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "abusif",
"template": "der",
"detail": "French abusif"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abūsīvus",
"template": "der"... | [
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
abut | abut | [
"verb"
] | [
"From Middle English abutten, from Medieval Latin abuttare and Old French abuter, aboter, abouter (“to touch at one end, to come to an end, aim, reach”), from Old French but (“end, aim, purpose”); akin to Old Norse butr (“piece of wood”). Equivalent to a- (“to”) + butt (“boundary mark”).",
"From Middle English ab... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abutten",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abutten"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-med",
"source_term": "abuttare",
... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
aby | aby | [
"verb",
"name"
] | [
"From Middle English abyen, abien, abiggen, from Old English ābyċġan (“to buy; pay for; buy off; requite; recompense; redeem; perform; execute”), from Proto-Germanic *uzbugjaną, equivalent to a- + buy. Cognate with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌱𐌿𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usbugjan). Not related to abide.",
"From Old Norse á (“river”) + býr (“tow... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "abyen",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English abyen"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "ābyċġan",
"te... | [
"English",
"Old Norse",
"Proto-Germanic"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
abyssal | abyssal | [
"adj"
] | [
"First attested in the 1690s. From Medieval Latin abyssalis, from Latin abyssus (“abyss”) + -alis (“-al”). Equivalent to abyss + -al."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-med",
"source_term": "abyssalis",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Medieval Latin abyssalis"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "abyssus",
"... | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
academe | academe | [
"noun"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nAncient Greek Ἀκάδημος (Akádēmos)\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-i-eh₂\nProto-Hellenic *-íā\nAncient Greek -ία (-ía)\nAncient Greek Ἀκαδήμεια (Akadḗmeia)der.\nNew Latin acadēmī̆abor.\nEnglish academe\nFrom New Latin academia, from Ancient Greek Ἀκαδημία ... | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-new",
"source_term": "academia",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "New Latin academia"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Greek",
"source_code": "grc",
"source_term": "Ἀκαδημία",
"temp... | [
"Greek",
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
academist | academist | [
"noun"
] | [
"From French académiste, from académie (“academy”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "académiste",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "French académiste"
}
] | [
"French"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
acajou | acajou | [
"noun"
] | [
"Borrowed from French acajou (“cashew”), from Old Tupi akaîu. Doublet of cashew."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "acajou",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "French acajou (“cashew”)"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Other",
"source_code": "other",
"source_term": "akaîu",
"temp... | [
"French",
"Other"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
acaleph | acaleph | [
"noun"
] | [
"Borrowed from Latin acalephe, from Ancient Greek ἀκαλήφη (akalḗphē, “stinging nettle”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "acalephe",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Latin acalephe"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Greek",
"source_code": "grc",
"source_term": "ἀκαλήφη",
"template": "d... | [
"Greek",
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
acantha | acantha | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Ancient Greek ἄκανθα (ákantha, “thorn”), from ἀκή (akḗ, “point”) + ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Greek",
"source_code": "grc",
"source_term": "ἄκανθα",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Ancient Greek ἄκανθα (ákantha, “thorn”)"
}
] | [
"Greek"
] | [
"derived"
] |
acanthine | acanthine | [
"adj"
] | [
"From Latin acanthinus, from acanthus + English -ine (“relating to”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "acanthinus",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Latin acanthinus"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
acanthocarpous | acanthocarpous | [
"adj"
] | [
"From acantho- (“having thorns”) + -carpous (“relating to fruit”), from Ancient Greek ἄκανθος (ákanthos) and κᾰρπός (kărpós) respectively."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Greek",
"source_code": "grc",
"source_term": "ἄκανθος",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Ancient Greek ἄκανθος (ákanthos)"
}
] | [
"Greek"
] | [
"derived"
] |
acanthopodious | acanthopodious | [
"adj"
] | [
"From Latin acanthopodius. This is the only English word in -podious in the English Wiktionary, as of December 2024."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "acanthopodius",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin acanthopodius"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
acanthopterygian | acanthopterygian | [
"noun",
"adj"
] | [
"From New Latin, from acanthus (“thorn”), (from Ancient Greek ἄκανθος (ákanthos)) + Ancient Greek πτερύγιον (pterúgion) diminutive of πτέρυξ (ptérux, “wing, fin”), from πτερόν (pterón, “feather, wing”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-new",
"source_term": "-",
"template": "der",
"detail": "New Latin"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Greek",
"source_code": "grc",
"source_term": "ἄκανθος",
"template": "der",
... | [
"Greek",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
acardiac | acardiac | [
"adj"
] | [
"From Ancient Greek ἀκάρδιος (akárdios, “without a heart”) + -ac, after cardiac; by surface analysis, a- + cardi- + -ac."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Greek",
"source_code": "grc",
"source_term": "ἀκάρδιος",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Ancient Greek ἀκάρδιος (akárdios, “without a heart”)"
}
] | [
"Greek"
] | [
"derived"
] |
acaridan | acaridan | [
"noun"
] | [
"From taxonomic name Acaridae + -an, from Ancient Greek ἀκαρί (akarí, “mite”). By surface analysis, acarid + -an."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Greek",
"source_code": "grc",
"source_term": "ἀκαρί",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Ancient Greek ἀκαρί (akarí, “mite”)"
}
] | [
"Greek"
] | [
"derived"
] |
acarus | acarus | [
"noun"
] | [
"Learned borrowing from taxonomic name Acarus, from Ancient Greek ἀκαρί (akarí, “cheese mite, tick”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Other",
"source_code": "other",
"source_term": "Acarus",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Learned borrowing from taxonomic name Acarus"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Greek",
"source_code": "grc",
"source_term... | [
"Greek",
"Other"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
accend | accend | [
"verb"
] | [
"From Middle English accenden, from Latin accendere (“to kindle”), formed from ad- + candere (“to shine”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "accenden",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English accenden"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "accendere",
... | [
"English",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
accensor | accensor | [
"noun"
] | [
"Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin accēnsor, from accendō (“light, kindle”) + -tor (agent noun suffix). Compare accend."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-ecc",
"source_term": "accēnsor",
"template": "bor+",
"detail": "Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin accēnsor"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
accept | accept | [
"verb",
"adj",
"noun"
] | [
"First attested about 1380. From Middle English accepten, borrowed from Old French accepter, or directly from Latin acceptō, acceptāre (“receive”), frequentative of accipiō, formed from ad- + capiō (“to take”). Displaced native Old English onfōn."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "accepten",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English accepten"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "accepter",
... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
acceptability | acceptability | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Latin acceptābilitās. By surface analysis, accept + -ability."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "acceptābilitās",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Latin acceptābilitās"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
acceptable | acceptable | [
"adj",
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English acceptable, from Anglo-Norman and Middle French acceptable, from Late Latin acceptābilis (“worthy of acceptance”).\nMorphologically accept + -able."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "acceptable",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English acceptable"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "xno",
"source_term": "-",
"t... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
acceptably | acceptably | [
"adv"
] | [
"From Middle English acceptably, equivalent to acceptable + -ly."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "acceptably",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English acceptably"
}
] | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
acceptance | acceptance | [
"noun"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *kap-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *kapyéti\nProto-Italic *kapjō\nOld Latin kapiō\nLatin capiō\nLatin accipiō\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European ... | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "acceptance",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Middle French acceptance"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "accepter",
... | [
"French"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
acceptation | acceptation | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English acceptacioun, acceptation, from Middle French acceptacion and Late Latin acceptātiō. By surface analysis, accept + -ation."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "acceptacioun",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English acceptacioun"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "accept... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
accepter | accepter | [
"noun"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nProto-Indo-European *kap-\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *kapyéti\nProto-Italic *kapjō\nOld Latin kapiō\nLatin capiō\nLatin accipiō\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European ... | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "accepteur",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Middle French accepteur"
}
] | [
"French"
] | [
"derived"
] |
acceptilation | acceptilation | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Latin acceptilatio (“entry of a debt collected, acquittance”), from past participle of accipere (compare accept) + latio (“a carrying”), from latus, past participle of ferre (“to carry”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "acceptilatio",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin acceptilatio (“entry of a debt collected, acquittance”)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
acception | acception | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English accepcioun, from Middle French accepcion (Modern French acception) and Latin acceptiō, acceptiōnis (“acceptance”). By surface analysis, accept + -ion."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "accepcioun",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English accepcioun"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "accepcion"... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
acceptor | acceptor | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English acceptour, from Latin acceptor, with the meanings from accept."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "acceptour",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English acceptour"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "acceptor",
... | [
"English",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
accessary | accessary | [
"noun",
"adj"
] | [
"From Middle English accessarie, axcessary, excercary, from Medieval Latin accessārius.",
"From Medieval Latin accessārius."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "accessarie",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English accessarie"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-med",
"source_term": "accessār... | [
"English",
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
accessibility | accessibility | [
"noun"
] | [
"From accessible + -ity, after Late Latin accessibilitas, from Latin accessibilis."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-lat",
"source_term": "accessibilitas",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Late Latin accessibilitas"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "accessibi... | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
accessible | accessible | [
"adj"
] | [
"First attested in 1400, from French, from Late Latin accessibilis, from accessus, perfect passive participle of accēdō (“approach”), equivalent to access + -ible."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "-",
"template": "der",
"detail": "French"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-lat",
"source_term": "accessibilis",
"template": "der",
... | [
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
acciaccatura | acciaccatura | [
"noun"
] | [
"Borrowed from Italian acciaccatura, from the verb acciaccare (“to crush”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Italian",
"source_code": "it",
"source_term": "acciaccatura",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Italian acciaccatura"
}
] | [
"Italian"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
accidence | accidence | [
"noun"
] | [
"* First attested in the late 14th century.\n* (grammar): First attested in the mid 15th century.\n* From Middle English accidence, accidens, from Latin accidentia (“accidental matters”), from accidēns, present participle of accidere (“to happen”)"
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "accidence",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English accidence"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "accidentia",
... | [
"English",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
accidental | accidental | [
"adj",
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English accidental, from Anglo-Norman accidentel, Middle French accidentel, accidental, and their source, Late Latin accidēntālis; corresponding to accident + -al."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "accidental",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English accidental"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "xno",
"source_term": "accidentel... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
accidie | accidie | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English accidie, from Anglo-Norman accidie, Old French accide, accidie, from Late Latin accīdia, alteration of acēdia (“sloth, torpor”), from Ancient Greek ἀκήδεια (akḗdeia, “indifference”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + κῆδος (kêdos, “care”). Doublet of acedia."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "accidie",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English accidie"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "xno",
"source_term": "accidie",
"t... | [
"English",
"French",
"Greek",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
accipient | accipient | [
"noun"
] | [
"Learned borrowing from Latin accipiēns (“receiving”, stem: accipient-), the present active participle of accipiō (“to receive”), whence accept."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "accipiēns",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Learned borrowing from Latin accipiēns (“receiving”, stem: accipient-)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
accipiter | accipiter | [
"noun"
] | [
"Learned borrowing from Latin accipiter (“hawk”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "accipiter",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Learned borrowing from Latin accipiter (“hawk”)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
accismus | accismus | [
"noun"
] | [
"Unadapted borrowing from Latin accismus, from Ancient Greek ακκισμός (akkismós, “prudery”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "accismus",
"template": "ubor",
"detail": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin accismus"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Greek",
"source_code": "grc",
"source_term": "ακ... | [
"Greek",
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
accite | accite | [
"verb"
] | [
"Borrowed from Medieval Latin accitō (“summon”), from Classical Latin acciō (“call forth”), formed from ad + cieō (“summon, call”). The sense “excite, induce” is likely from or reinforced by conflation with excite."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-med",
"source_term": "accitō",
"template": "bor+",
"detail": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin accitō (“summon”)"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-cla",
"sourc... | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
acclamation | acclamation | [
"noun"
] | [
"* First attested in 1541.\n* Borrowed from Latin acclāmātiō, acclāmātiōnis (“calling, exclamation, shout of approval”), from acclamo (“shout approval or disapproval of, shout out at”), from ad (“toward”) + clamo (“cry out”)\n* Compare French acclamation."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "acclāmātiō",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Latin acclāmātiō, acclāmātiōnis (“calling, exclamation, shout of approval”)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
acclimatation | acclimatation | [
"noun"
] | [
"From French acclimatation."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "acclimatation",
"template": "der",
"detail": "French acclimatation"
}
] | [
"French"
] | [
"derived"
] |
acclimate | acclimate | [
"verb"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂éd\nProto-Italic *ad\nProto-Italic *ad-\nLatin ad-\nOld French a-\nFrench a-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱel-\nProto-Indo-European *-éyti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱley-\nProto-Indo-European *-né-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néyti\nProto-Hellenic *klíňňō\nAncient Greek κλῑ́νω (klī́nō)\nPr... | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "acclimater",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "French acclimater"
}
] | [
"French"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
acclive | acclive | [
"adj"
] | [
"Learned borrowing from Latin acclīvis."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "acclīvis",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Learned borrowing from Latin acclīvis"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
acclivity | acclivity | [
"noun"
] | [
"First attested in 1614. From Latin acclīvitās, from acclīvis (“ascending”), from ad + clīvus (“slope”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "acclīvitās",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Latin acclīvitās"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
acclivous | acclivous | [
"adj"
] | [
"Latin acclivis and acclivus."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "acclivis",
"template": "lbor",
"detail": "Latin acclivis"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
accloy | accloy | [
"verb"
] | [
"From Middle English acloyen, from Old French encloyer, encloer (“to drive in a nail”), from Medieval Latin inclavare, from Latin in- + clavus (“nail”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "acloyen",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English acloyen"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "encloyer",
"... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
accolade | accolade | [
"noun",
"verb"
] | [
"First use appears c. 1591 in the publications of Thomas Lodge, borrowed from French accolade, from Occitan acolada (“an embrace”), from acolar (“to embrace”), from Italian accollato, via Vulgar Latin *accollō (“to hug around the neck”), from Latin ad- + collum (“neck”) (English collar) + -āta."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "accolade",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "French accolade"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Other",
"source_code": "other",
"source_term": "acolada",
"template"... | [
"French",
"Italian",
"Latin",
"Other"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
accombination | accombination | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Latin; the first part is equivalent to ad; the second part to combination."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "-",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
accommodable | accommodable | [
"adj"
] | [
"From Middle French accomodable."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "accomodable",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Middle French accomodable"
}
] | [
"French"
] | [
"derived"
] |
accompt | accompt | [
"noun",
"verb"
] | [
"From Middle English accompt."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "accompt",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English accompt"
}
] | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
accordable | accordable | [
"adj"
] | [
"From Middle English acordable, from Anglo-Norman acordable."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "acordable",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English acordable"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "xno",
"source_term": "acordable",
... | [
"English",
"French"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
accordant | accordant | [
"adj"
] | [
"From Middle English acordaunt, equivalent to accord + -ant."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "acordaunt",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English acordaunt"
}
] | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
accordingly | accordingly | [
"adv"
] | [
"From Middle English acordingli, equivalent to according + -ly."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "acordingli",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English acordingli"
}
] | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
accordion | accordion | [
"noun",
"verb"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nVulgar Latin *accordāre\nOld French acorder\nMiddle French accorder\nFrench accorder\nFrench accordbor.\nGerman Akkord\nGerman -ion\nGerman Akkordeonbor.\nEnglish accordion\nFirst attested in 1831. Borrowed from German Akkordeon, from Akkord (“harmony”), from French accord, from Old French acorder,... | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "German",
"source_code": "de",
"source_term": "Akkordeon",
"template": "bor+",
"detail": "Borrowed from German Akkordeon"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "accord",
... | [
"French",
"German",
"Italian"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
accordment | accordment | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English accordement, from Old French acordement."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "accordement",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English accordement"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "acordeme... | [
"English",
"French"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
accostable | accostable | [
"adj"
] | [
"Originally from French accostable, in later usage partly recoined from accost + -able."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "accostable",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "French accostable"
}
] | [
"French"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
accoucheur | accoucheur | [
"noun"
] | [
"Attested since 1727. Borrowed from French accoucheur, from accoucher (“to go to childbed, be delivered”), from Old French culcher (“to lie”), from Latin collocō (“to place, put, set in order, assign”), from con- + locō (“to put, place, set”). See accouchement."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "accoucheur",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "French accoucheur"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "culcher",
"templa... | [
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
accoy | accoy | [
"verb"
] | [
"From Middle French acoyer, from coy (“quiet, calm”). By surface analysis, a- + coy."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "acoyer",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Middle French acoyer"
}
] | [
"French"
] | [
"derived"
] |
accresce | accresce | [
"verb"
] | [
"From Latin accrescere. Doublet of accrease. See accrue."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "accrescere",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Latin accrescere"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
accroach | accroach | [
"verb"
] | [
"From Middle English acrochen, from Old French acrochier (“to hook in”), from a + croche (“hook”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "acrochen",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English acrochen"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "acrochier",
... | [
"English",
"French"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
achene | achene | [
"noun"
] | [
"From French achène and its source, New Latin achena, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “a-”) + χαίνω (khaínō, “to gape”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "achène",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "French achène"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la-new",
"source_term": "achena",
"template": "d... | [
"French",
"Greek",
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
first name | first name | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English firste name, first nam."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "firste name",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English firste name"
}
] | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
plural | plural | [
"adj",
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English plurelle, from Old French plurel (“plural”), Borrowed from Latin plūrālis (“of or belonging to more than one, belonging to many”, adjective), from plūs, plūris (“more”) + -ālis."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "plurelle",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English plurelle"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "plurel",
"... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
avatar | avatar | [
"noun",
"name"
] | [
"First use appears c. 1784, in The Hindu Wife; or, The Enchanted Fruit, by William Jones. Borrowed from Hindustani अवतार (avtār) / اوتار (avtār), from Sanskrit अवतार (avatāra, “descent of a deity from a heaven”), a compound of अव (ava, “off, away, down”) and the vṛddhi-stem of the root तॄ (tṝ, “to cross”) (whence त... | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Other",
"source_code": "other",
"source_term": null,
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Hindustani"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Sanskrit",
"source_code": "sa",
"source_term": "अवतार",
"template": "der",
... | [
"Other",
"Sanskrit"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
alien | alien | [
"noun",
"adj",
"verb",
"name"
] | [
"From Middle English alien, a borrowing from Old French alien, aliene, from Latin aliēnus (“belonging to someone else”, later “exotic, foreign”), from Latin alius (“other”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos. Related to English else.",
"Borrowed from Mandarin 阿蓮 (Ālián) Wade–Giles romanization: A¹-lien²."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "alien",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English alien"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "alien",
"templat... | [
"Chinese",
"English",
"French",
"Latin",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
definition | definition | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English diffinicioun, from Middle French definition, from Latin dēfīnītiō, from dēfīniō. Equivalent to define + -ition."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "diffinicioun",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English diffinicioun"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "defini... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
season | season | [
"noun",
"verb"
] | [
"From Middle English sesoun, seson (“time of the year”), from Old French seson, saison (“time of sowing, seeding”), from Latin satiō (“act of sowing, planting”) from satum, past participle of serō (“to sow, plant”) from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁- (“to sow, plant”). Akin to Old English sāwan (“to sow”), sǣd (“seed”)... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "sesoun",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English sesoun, seson (“time of the year”)"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"sourc... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
autumn | autumn | [
"noun",
"verb"
] | [
"Inherited from Middle English autumpne, from Middle French automne, from Old French automne, autonne, from Latin autumnus. Some of the verbal senses are from Latin autumnāre."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "autumpne",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English autumpne"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "frm",
"source_term": "automne",
... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
summer | summer | [
"noun",
"verb"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *s(e)m-eh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ór-o-der.\nProto-Germanic *sumaraz\nProto-West Germanic *sumar\nOld English sumor\nMiddle English somer\nEnglish summer\nFrom Middle English somer, sumer, from Old English sumor m, from Proto-West Germanic *sumar m, from Proto-Germanic *s... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "somer",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English somer"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "sumor",
"temp... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin",
"Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
spring | spring | [
"verb",
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English springen, from Old English springan (“to spring, leap, bounce, sprout forth, emerge, spread out”), from Proto-West Germanic *springan, from Proto-Germanic *springaną (“to burst forth”), from Proto-Indo-European *spre(n)ǵʰ- (“to move, race, spring”), from *sperǵʰ- (“to hurry”).\nCognates\n* Sate... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "springen",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English springen"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "springan",
... | [
"English",
"Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
haus | Haus | [
"name"
] | [
"From the German and Ashkenazi surname, from the noun Haus (“house”). Compare Hausmann, House."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "German",
"source_code": "de",
"source_term": "-",
"template": "der",
"detail": "German"
}
] | [
"German"
] | [
"derived"
] |
libre | libre | [
"adj",
"noun"
] | [
"The obsolete “unconstrained” sense is borrowed from French libre (“at liberty”; “free” as in “clear”, “vacant”, “without obligation”), from Latin līber (“free, unrestricted”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“people”), whence obsolete English lede (“person(s)”), English leud, and German Leute.\nThe ... | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "libre",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "French libre (“at liberty”; “free” as in “clear”, “vacant”, “without obligation”)"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"sour... | [
"French",
"Latin",
"Proto-Indo-European",
"Spanish"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
de | de | [
"noun",
"prep",
"name"
] | [
"Borrowed from Russian дэ (dɛ).",
"Borrowed from French de (“of”).",
"From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 德 (dé, “virtue, manliness”).",
"From Bengali [Term?]."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Russian",
"source_code": "ru",
"source_term": "дэ",
"template": "bor+",
"detail": "Borrowed from Russian дэ (dɛ)"
},
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "de",
"templ... | [
"Chinese",
"French",
"Other",
"Russian"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
color | color | [
"noun",
"adj",
"verb"
] | [
"From Middle English colour, color, borrowed from Anglo-Norman colur, from Old French colour, color, from Latin color. Doublet of couleur.\nDisplaced English blee, Middle English blee (“color”), from Old English blēo. Also partially replaced Old English hīew (“color”) and its descendants (English hue), which is les... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "colour",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English colour"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "xno",
"source_term": "colur",
"templ... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
en | en | [
"noun",
"prep",
"pron"
] | [
"The name of the letter comes from Latin en. The typographic sense dates to 1793.",
"From French en.",
"From Old English hine."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "en",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin en"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fr",
"source_term": "en",
"template": "der",
"detail":... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
het | het | [
"verb",
"adj"
] | [
"From Middle English hette (simple past), het (past participle), from Old English hǣtte (simple past), (ġe)hǣted (past participle), conjugations of hǣtan (“to read”); see heat (“to make hot”)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "hette",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English hette (simple past)"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "hǣt... | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
van | van | [
"noun",
"verb",
"name"
] | [
"From Cornish.",
"From Turkish Van, from Ottoman Turkish وان (Van), from Middle Armenian Վան (Van)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Other",
"source_code": "other",
"source_term": "-",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Cornish"
},
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Other",
"source_code": "other",
"source_term": "Van",
"template": "bor",
"det... | [
"Other"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived"
] |
die | die | [
"verb",
"noun",
"adv"
] | [
"From Middle English deyen, probably from Old Norse deyja, from Proto-Germanic *dawjaną (“to die”). Displaced native Old English sweltan, whence Modern English swelt, and Old English steorfan, whence modern starve.",
"From Middle English dee, from Old French de (Modern French dé), from Latin datum, from datus (“g... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "deyen",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English deyen"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Old Norse",
"source_code": "non",
"source_term": "deyja",
"temp... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin",
"Old Norse",
"Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
in | in | [
"prep",
"verb",
"adv",
"noun",
"adj"
] | [
"PIE word\n *h₁en\nPreposition and verb from Middle English in, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.\nAdverb, noun and adjective from Middle English in, from Old English inn and inne, from Proto-Germanic *innai.\nSense 1/2 \"in\"/\"into\" are from the original PIE prefix, with locative/accusative case resp... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "in",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English in"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "Proto-Germanic",
"source_code": "gem-pro",
"source_term": "*in",
"t... | [
"English",
"Proto-Germanic"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
lens | lens | [
"noun",
"verb"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nLatin lēns\nArabic عَدْسَة (ʕadsa)sl.\nMedieval Latin lēnsbor.\nEnglish lens\nBorrowed from Latin lēns (“lentil”), with Medieval Latin later taking on the sense of “lens”, a semantic loan from Arabic عَدْسَة (ʕadsa, “lentil; optic lens”); the similar shape is the common factor."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "lēns",
"template": "bor",
"detail": "Latin lēns (“lentil”)"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
whatever | whatever | [
"noun",
"det",
"pron",
"adv",
"intj",
"adj"
] | [
"From Middle English whatever. By surface analysis, what + ever."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "whatever",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English whatever"
}
] | [
"English"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
transvestite | transvestite | [
"noun"
] | [
"Borrowed from Latin trāns + vestītus, form of vestiō (“to clothe, to dress”) (as in English vestment, vest). Literally, a \"cross-dresser\". From transvestitism, from German Transvestitismus, coined in 1910 by Magnus Hirschfeld (the practice itself is much older)."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "trāns",
"template": "bor+",
"detail": "Borrowed from Latin trāns"
},
{
"mechanism": "borrowed",
"source_language": "German",
"source_code": "de",
"source_term": "Transvestitismus",... | [
"German",
"Latin"
] | [
"borrowed"
] |
debt | debt | [
"noun"
] | [
"From Middle English dette, dett, borrowed from Old French dete (French dette), from Medieval Latin dēbita, from Latin dēbitum (“what is owed, a debt, a duty”), neuter of dēbitus, perfect passive participle of dēbeō (“to owe”), contraction of *dehibeō (“I have from”), from de (“from”) + habeō (“to have”). Doublet o... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "dette",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English dette"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "dete",
"template... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
orange | orange | [
"noun",
"adj",
"verb",
"name"
] | [
"Etymology tree\n▲\nItalian melaranciacalq.\nOld French Orengeinflu.\n▲\nOld Occitan auranjainflu.\nOld French pomme d'orenge\nOld French orenge\nMiddle French orangebor.\nMiddle English orenge\nEnglish orange\nInherited from Middle English orenge, orange, from Old French pome orenge (“fruit orange”), influenced by... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "orenge",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English orenge"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "pome orenge",
... | [
"Arabic",
"English",
"French",
"Latin",
"Other",
"Sanskrit"
] | [
"borrowed",
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
seven | seven | [
"num",
"noun"
] | [
"PIE word\n *septḿ̥\nFrom Middle English seven, from Old English seofon (“seven”), from Proto-West Germanic *sebun (“seven”), from Proto-Germanic *sebun (“seven”), from Proto-Indo-European *septḿ̥ (“seven”).\nCognate with Scots seiven (“seven”), West Frisian sân (“seven”), Saterland Frisian soogen (“seven”), Low Ge... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "seven",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English seven"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "seofon",
"tem... | [
"English",
"Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"inherited"
] |
premature | premature | [
"adj",
"noun"
] | [
"From Latin praemātūrus, equivalent to pre- + mature. First use appears c. 1440 in a translation of Palladius's De Re Rustica."
] | [
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Latin",
"source_code": "la",
"source_term": "praemātūrus",
"template": "der",
"detail": "Latin praemātūrus"
}
] | [
"Latin"
] | [
"derived"
] |
birth | birth | [
"noun",
"adj",
"verb"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰer-\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *bʰértisder.\nProto-Germanic *burþiz\nOld Norse burðrbor.\nMiddle English birthe\nEnglish birth\nFrom Middle English birthe (1250), from earlier burthe, burde, from Old Norse burðr, byrd (Old Swedish byrth, Swedish börd), re... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "birthe",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English birthe"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "Old Norse",
"source_code": "non",
"source_term": "burðr",
"te... | [
"English",
"Old Norse",
"Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
accord | accord | [
"noun",
"verb"
] | [
"From Middle English accord, from Old French acort, from acorder (see verb below).",
"From Middle English accorden, acorden, borrowed from Old French acorder (compare modern French accord and accorder), from Vulgar Latin *accordāre, from Latin concordāre via prefix substitution (with Latin ad-), ultimately from P... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "accord",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English accord"
},
{
"mechanism": "derived",
"source_language": "French",
"source_code": "fro",
"source_term": "acort",
"templ... | [
"English",
"French",
"Latin",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"derived",
"inherited"
] |
wolf | wolf | [
"noun",
"verb",
"name"
] | [
"Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *wl̥kʷós?\nProto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos\nProto-Germanic *wulfaz\nProto-West Germanic *wulf\nOld English wulf\nMiddle English wolf\nEnglish wolf\nInherited from Middle English wolf, from Old English wulf, ƿulf, from Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz, from Pro... | [
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "enm",
"source_term": "wolf",
"template": "inh",
"detail": "Middle English wolf"
},
{
"mechanism": "inherited",
"source_language": "English",
"source_code": "ang",
"source_term": "wulf",
"templat... | [
"English",
"German",
"Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Indo-European"
] | [
"borrowed",
"inherited"
] |
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