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Continuous and progressive aspects Danish Continuous_and_progressive_aspects > Continuous and progressive in various languages > Danish Using these default continuous verbs together with a non-default continuous verb makes both continuous. This is a form also used in other Germanic languages such as Norwegian and Dutch...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Pulmonary contusion Supportive care Pulmonary_contusion > Treatment > Supportive care Chest injuries also contribute to hypoventilation (inadequate breathing) because the chest wall movement involved in breathing adequately is painful. Insufficient expansion of the chest may lead to atelectasis, further reducing oxygen...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Atomic model Dalton's law of multiple proportions Nuclear_atom > History > Dalton's law of multiple proportions These oxides are today known as tin(II) oxide (SnO) and tin(IV) oxide (SnO2) respectively. Example 2 — iron oxides: Dalton identified two oxides of iron. One is a black powder in which for every 100 parts of ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Cell physiology Prokaryotes Cell_physiology > General characteristics > Prokaryotes Prokaryotes have DNA located in an area called the nucleoid, which is not separated from other parts of the cell by a membrane. There are two domains of prokaryotes: bacteria and archaea. Prokaryotes have fewer organelles than eukaryote...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Volume and displacement indicators for an architectural structure Validity limits of W and Δ Volume_and_displacement_indicators_for_an_architectural_structure > Validity limits of W and Δ Considerations regarding fatigue, ductility and dynamic forces also limit the working stress. It is not always straightforward to es...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Predicate dualism Dualist views of mental causation Cartesian_dualism > Dualist views of mental causation This part is about causation between properties and states of the thing under study, not its substances or predicates. Here a state is the set of all properties of what's being studied. Thus each state describes on...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Coordination cage Keplerates Coordination_cage > Classification > Keplerates The {Cu2} units in the inner sphere adapt several different orientations. The labile complexes in the inner sphere allow binding of large target guests on the nanometer scale. Building a complex of this size that is still soluble is a challeng...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Homeostatic response Cerebrospinal fluid Homeostatic_response > Controls of variables > Cerebrospinal fluid Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) allows for regulation of the distribution of substances between cells of the brain, and neuroendocrine factors, to which slight changes can cause problems or damage to the nervous system...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid In glycolysis 1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric_acid > Biological structure and role > In glycolysis This is as a result of one acyl phosphate bond being cleaved whilst another is created. This reaction is not naturally spontaneous and requires the presence of a catalyst.
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Inflammatory disorders Cellular component Inflammatory_reaction > Cellular component The cellular component involves leukocytes, which normally reside in blood and must move into the inflamed tissue via extravasation to aid in inflammation. Some act as phagocytes, ingesting bacteria, viruses, and cellular debris. Other...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
User:Marci68/sandbox Decussations of the central nervous system User:Marci68/sandbox > Morphology > Decussations of the central nervous system Template:Main:decussation Anatomically, the contralateral organization of the forebrain is manifested by major decussations (based upon the Latin notation for ten, 'deca,' as an...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Linear predictor function Linear regression Linear_predictor_function > Linear regression An example of the usage of a linear predictor function is in linear regression, where each data point is associated with a continuous outcome yi, and the relationship written y i = f ( i ) + ε i = β T x i + ε i , {\displaystyle y_...
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Foundations of statistics The likelihood principle Foundations_of_statistics > The likelihood principle The likelihood principle has become problematic for both major philosophical schools of statistics, weakening rather than favoring either. Its staunchest proponents argue that it provides a more solid foundation for ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Visual backward masking Contour detection Visual_backward_masking > Contour detection This idea is consistent with the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia, as dysfunction in this neurotransmitter system may explain the symptoms observed. Presentation of collinear stimuli flanking a target can enhance responses to the...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Coastal hazards Causes of coastal hazards Coastal_hazards > Causes of coastal hazards Flash flooding is caused by massive amounts of rainfall during storms flowing down into an area over a short period of time. Storm surges, which are closely related to tropical storms, occur when wind collects and pushes water towards...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Protective autoimmunity Regulation Protective_autoimmunity > Regulation Under certain conditions, an initially protective autoimmune response can reach a tipping point, after which it will have a detrimental effect on the tissue, and might even develop into an autoimmune disease. Both genetic and environmental factors ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Angular momentum Conservation of angular momentum in the Law of Areas Introduction_to_angular_momentum > History > The Law of Areas > Conservation of angular momentum in the Law of Areas In the case of triangle SBC, area is equal to 1/2(SB)(VC). Wherever C is eventually located due to the impulse applied at B, the prod...
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Rotating magnetic field Description Rotating_magnetic_field > Description Rotating magnetic fields are also used in induction motors. Because magnets degrade with time, induction motors use short-circuited rotors (instead of a magnet), which follow the rotating magnetic field of a multicoiled stator. In these motors, t...
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Data, context and interaction Data Data,_context_and_interaction > Description > Data The data remains "what the system is." The data part of the DCI architecture is its (relatively) static data model with relations. The data design is usually coded up as conventional classes that represent the basic domain structure o...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Baking powder Rate of reaction Baking_powder > Formulation and mechanism > Rate of reaction The rate of reaction (ROR) is represented by the percentage of carbon dioxide released by the acid-base reaction.Other subcategories exist to classify the reaction rated during mixing and holding called “Dough Reaction Rate (DRR...
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Bayes's Theorem Using pedigree to calculate probabilities Bayes_formula > Use in genetics > Using pedigree to calculate probabilities Example of a Bayesian analysis table for a female individual's risk for a disease based on the knowledge that the disease is present in her siblings but not in her parents or any of her ...
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K shortest path routing Loopy variant K_shortest_path_routing > Variations > Loopy variant In this variant, the problem is simplified by not requiring paths to be loopless. A solution was given by B. L. Fox in 1975 in which the k-shortest paths are determined in O(m + kn log n) asymptotic time complexity (using big O n...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
World manifold Riemannian structure World_manifold > Riemannian structure The tangent bundle T X {\displaystyle TX} of a world manifold X {\displaystyle X} and the associated principal frame bundle F X {\displaystyle FX} of linear tangent frames in T X {\displaystyle TX} possess a general linear group structure group G...
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Wave Equation Solution of a general initial-value problem Wave_Equation > Scalar wave equation in three space dimensions > Solution of a general initial-value problem Thus If u is a superposition of such waves with weighting function φ, then the denominator 4πc is a convenience. From the definition of the delta functio...
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Technical definition Examples Technical_definition > Extended definitions > Examples Definition of the limit of a single variable function: Let f {\displaystyle f} be a real-valued function of a real variable and x {\displaystyle x} , a {\displaystyle a} , and L {\displaystyle L} be real numbers. We say that the limit ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Non-linear optics Summary Nonlinear_coefficient Nonlinear optics (NLO) is the branch of optics that describes the behaviour of light in nonlinear media, that is, media in which the polarization density P responds non-linearly to the electric field E of the light. The non-linearity is typically observed only at very hig...
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Constructor (object-oriented programming) C++ Constructor_(object-oriented_programming) > Language details > C++ The constructor of a base class (or base classes) can also be called by a derived class. Constructor functions are not inherited and their addresses cannot be referenced. When memory allocation is required, ...
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Experimental unit Experimental and sampling units Experimental_unit > Experimental and sampling units This term is commonly used in opinion polling and survey sampling.For example, in an experiment on educational methods, methods may be applied to classrooms of students. This would make the classroom as the experimenta...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Privacy by default Implementing privacy by design Privacy_by_default > Implementing privacy by design The European Data Protection Supervisor Giovanni Buttarelli set out the requirement to implement privacy by design in his article. The European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA) provided a detai...
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Butcher group Renormalization Butcher_group > Renormalization In particular the renormalization group defines a flow on the space of coupling constants, with the beta function giving the corresponding vector field. More general models in quantum field theory require rooted trees to be replaced by Feynman diagrams with ...
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Lockstep protocol Asynchronous lockstep protocol Lockstep_protocol > Asynchronous lockstep protocol To overcome the obvious drawback of the simple lockstep protocol, an asynchronous variant of the protocol exists wherein players advance in time free of any negotiations with other players until interaction between playe...
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Dirichlet boundary conditions PDE Dirichlet_boundary_condition > Examples > PDE For a partial differential equation, for example, where ∇ 2 {\displaystyle \nabla ^{2}} denotes the Laplace operator, the Dirichlet boundary conditions on a domain Ω ⊂ Rn take the form where f is a known function defined on the boundary ∂Ω.
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History of scientific method Tycho Brahe History_of_scientific_method > Emergence of inductive experimental method > Tycho Brahe See History of astronomy § Renaissance and Early Modern Europe, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and History of optics § Renaissance and Early ModernThe first modern science, in which pract...
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Ring operator Functional powers Ring_operator > Functional powers If Y ⊆ X, then f: X→Y may compose with itself; this is sometimes denoted as f 2. That is: More generally, for any natural number n ≥ 2, the nth functional power can be defined inductively by f n = f ∘ f n−1 = f n−1 ∘ f, a notation introduced by Hans Hein...
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Equilibrium state Cited bibliography Thermodynamical_equilibrium > Cited bibliography Trans. R. Soc. Lond.
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Indian Monsoon Current Evolution Indian_Monsoon_Current > Structure and evolution > Evolution The rapid initiation of seasonal currents (over the time period of several weeks) can be explained theoretically in terms of linear theory with a Rossby wave response. The Monsoon Current can also be viewed in terms of local f...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Determinant of a matrix Two by two matrices Determinant_of_a_matrix > Two by two matrices The determinant of a 2 × 2 matrix ( a b c d ) {\displaystyle {\begin{pmatrix}a&b\\c&d\end{pmatrix}}} is denoted either by "det" or by vertical bars around the matrix, and is defined as det ( a b c d ) = | a b c d | = a d − b c . {...
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Outline of solar energy Photovoltaics Outline_of_solar_energy > Conversion of solar energy > Photovoltaics Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) – energy conversion is a direct conversion process from heat differentials to electricity via photons. Polycrystalline silicon photovoltaics – are a type of solar cell. Thermodynamic effic...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Vuilleumier cycle Summary Vuilleumier_cycle The use of Vuilleumier machines for industrial applications or inside vehicles is also a feasible option. Another field where these machines have already been involved is cryogenics, as they are also able to provide refrigeration at very low temperatures like the very similar...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Bacterial proteins Mutualists Harmful_bacteria > Interactions with other organisms > Mutualists This serves to provide an easily absorbable form of nitrogen for many plants, which cannot fix nitrogen themselves. Many other bacteria are found as symbionts in humans and other organisms.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Mathematical singularities Real analysis Finite-time_singularity > Real analysis For example, the function g ( x ) = sin ⁡ ( 1 x ) {\displaystyle g(x)=\sin \left({\frac {1}{x}}\right)} does not tend towards anything as x {\displaystyle x} approaches c = 0 {\displaystyle c=0} . The limits in this case are not infinite, ...
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Curvature Curvature of space Curvature > Curvature of space In the theory of general relativity, which describes gravity and cosmology, the idea is slightly generalised to the "curvature of spacetime"; in relativity theory spacetime is a pseudo-Riemannian manifold. Once a time coordinate is defined, the three-dimension...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Programming library Linking Library_linking > Linking Some programming languages use a feature called smart linking whereby the linker is aware of or integrated with the compiler, such that the linker knows how external references are used, and code in a library that is never actually used, even though internally refer...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Database virtualization Virtual data partitioning Database_virtualization > Virtual data partitioning Shared-Nothing databases: an architecture in which all data is segregated to internally managed partitions with clear, well-defined data location boundaries. Shared-nothing databases require manual partition management...
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Cortisone Effects and uses Cortisone > Effects and uses Cortisone itself is inactive. It must be converted to cortisol by the action of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. This primarily happens in the liver, the main site at which cortisone becomes cortisol after oral or systemic injection, and can thus have a ph...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Renewable material Legal situation and subsidies Renewable_resource > Legal situation and subsidies Several legal and economic means have been used to enhance the market share of renewables. The UK uses Non-Fossil Fuel Obligations (NFFO), a collection of orders requiring the electricity distribution network operators i...
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SD-WAN SD-WAN Edge SD-WAN > Overview > Components > SD-WAN Edge The SD-WAN Edge is a physical or virtual network function that is placed at an organization's branch/regional/central office site, data center, and in public or private cloud platforms. MEF Forum has published the first SD-WAN service standard, MEF 70 whic...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Individual and group rights Organizational group rights Individual_and_group_rights > Organizational group rights Besides the rights of groups based upon the immutable characteristics of their individual members, other group rights cater toward organizational persons, including nation-states, trade unions, corporations...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Business models Related concepts Business_models > Related concepts The process of business model design is part of business strategy. Business model design and innovation refer to the way a firm (or a network of firms) defines its business logic at the strategic level. In contrast, firms implement their business model...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Blockchain technology History Blockchain > History Cryptographer David Chaum first proposed a blockchain-like protocol in his 1982 dissertation "Computer Systems Established, Maintained, and Trusted by Mutually Suspicious Groups." Further work on a cryptographically secured chain of blocks was described in 1991 by Stua...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Dry land Resource depletion Dry_land > Environmental issues > Resource depletion Although humans have used land for its natural resources since ancient times, demand for resources such as timber, minerals, and energy has grown exponentially since the Industrial Revolution due to population growth. : 34 When a natural r...
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History of compiler construction LL parsing History_of_compiler_construction > Context-free grammars and parsers > LL parsing The concept of recursive descent parsing was discussed in the January 1961 issue of Communications of the ACM in separate papers by A.A. Grau and Edgar T. "Ned" Irons. Richard Waychoff and colle...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Tension fabric building Construction Tension_fabric_building > Construction Fabric life expectancy is affected by local environmental factors (e.g. sunlight, temperature, wind, air quality) and occupancy conditions (e.g. humidity, chemical vapours). The structural membranes available as of 2020 are made of PVC or polye...
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PHP Functions PHP_Data_Objects > Syntax > Functions Functions may be defined inside code blocks, permitting a run-time decision as to whether or not a function should be defined. There is a function_exists function that determines whether a function with a given name has already been defined. Function calls must use pa...
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Compound operation (computing) Summary Fused_operation In computer programming, operators are constructs defined within programming languages which behave generally like functions, but which differ syntactically or semantically. Common simple examples include arithmetic (e.g. addition with +), comparison (e.g. "greater...
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Diesel locomotive Propulsion system operation Diesel_locomotive > Transmission types > Diesel–electric > Propulsion system operation The net effect is to adjust both the fuel rate and the load regulator position so that engine RPM and torque (and therefore power output) will remain constant for any given throttle setti...
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Jacob Bernoulli Works Jacob_Bernoulli > Works Vol. 1. Genève: héritiers Cramer & frères Philibert.
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Bernoulli process Summary Bernoulli_measure Every variable Xi in the sequence is associated with a Bernoulli trial or experiment. They all have the same Bernoulli distribution. Much of what can be said about the Bernoulli process can also be generalized to more than two outcomes (such as the process for a six-sided die...
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Vehicular automation Ground vehicles Autonomous_driving > Ground vehicles There are a lot of autonomous and semi-autonomous ground vehicles being made for the purpose of transporting passengers. One such example is the free-ranging on grid (FROG) technology which consists of autonomous vehicles, a magnetic track and a ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Uranium Isotopes Uranium_metal > Isotopes This isotope has been considered for use in targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT). All other isotopes have half-lives shorter than one hour, except for 231U (half-life 4.2 days) and 240U (half-life 14.1 hours). The shortest-lived known isotope is 221U, with a half-life of 660 n...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Glioblastoma multiforme Signs and symptoms Glioblastoma_multiforme > Signs and symptoms Common symptoms include seizures, headaches, nausea and vomiting, memory loss, changes to personality, mood or concentration, and localized neurological problems. The kind of symptoms produced depends more on the location of the tum...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Bohemian matrices Solution of polynomial equations Bohemian_matrices > Connections to other fields > Solution of polynomial equations A commonly-used technique to find polynomial roots is to construct a companion matrix for it and use numerical eigenvalue solvers to find the eigenvalues, which are then the roots of the...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Homeotic genes Summary Homeotic_genes Homeotic genes are genes which regulate the development of anatomical structures in various organisms such as echinoderms, insects, mammals, and plants. Homeotic genes often encode transcription factor proteins, and these proteins affect development by regulating downstream gene ne...
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Resistors in parallel Carbon composition Resistors_in_series > Fixed resistors > Carbon composition Carbon composition resistors have higher capability to withstand overload relative to the component's size.Carbon composition resistors are still available, but relatively expensive. Values ranged from fractions of an oh...
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Linear complex structure Definition and properties Linear_complex_structure > Definition and properties Concretely, this is just an action of i, as this generates the algebra, and the operator representing i (the image of i in End(V)) is exactly J. If VJ has complex dimension n then V must have real dimension 2n. That ...
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Homing torpedo Flywheel Homing_torpedo > Energy sources > Flywheel The Howell torpedo used by the US Navy in the late 19th century featured a heavy flywheel that had to be spun up before launch. It was able to travel about 400 yards (370 m) at 25 knots (46 km/h). The Howell had the advantage of not leaving a trail of b...
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Autoimmune and inflammatory disorder Genetics Systemic_autoimmune_diseases > Causes > Genetics A familial tendency to develop autoimmune diseases suggests a genetic component. Some conditions, like lupus and multiple sclerosis, often occur in several members of the same family, indicating a potential hereditary link. A...
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Nonlinear operator Examples Linear_maps > Examples A prototypical example that gives linear maps their name is a function f: R → R: x ↦ c x {\displaystyle f:\mathbb {R} \to \mathbb {R} :x\mapsto cx} , of which the graph is a line through the origin. More generally, any homothety v ↦ c v {\textstyle \mathbf {v} \mapsto ...
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Desiccated thyroid extract History Desiccated_thyroid_extract > History Furthermore, when T3 could be measured, it was discovered that thyroid extract and synthetic combinations of T4 and T3 produced significantly greater fluctuations of T3 throughout the day than occurred in healthy people or hypothyroid people treate...
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Gustave Le Bon Crowds Gustave_Le_Bon > Le Bonian thought > Crowds Le Bon theorised that the new entity, the "psychological crowd", which emerges from incorporating the assembled population not only forms a new body but also creates a collective "unconsciousness". As a group of people gather together and coalesces to fo...
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Serotonin toxicity Causes Serotonin_toxicity > Causes The serotonergic toxicity of SSRIs increases with dose, but even in overdose, it is insufficient to cause fatalities from SS in healthy adults. Elevations of central nervous system (CNS) serotonin will typically only reach potentially fatal levels when drugs with di...
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History of COVID-19 vaccine development Antibody-dependent enhancement History_of_COVID-19_vaccine_development > Development > Challenges > Antibody-dependent enhancement Although the quality and quantity of antibody production by a potential vaccine is intended to neutralize the COVID‑19 infection, a vaccine may have ...
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Fracture Mechanics Crack tip plastic zone Plastic_zone > Linear elastic fracture mechanics > Crack tip plastic zone Now, assuming that the overload stress is not sufficiently high as to completely fracture the specimen, the crack will undergo further plastic deformation around the new crack tip, enlarging the zone of r...
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Impulse excitation technique Elastic properties Impulse_excitation_technique > Elastic properties Different resonant frequencies can be excited dependent on the position of the support wires, the mechanical impulse and the microphone. The two most important resonant frequencies are the flexural which is controlled by t...
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Magnetic torque Summary Magnetic_torque Higher-order terms (such as the magnetic quadrupole moment) may be needed in addition to the dipole moment for extended objects. The magnetic dipole moment of an object determines the magnitude of torque that the object experiences in a given magnetic field. Objects with larger m...
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Block cellular automaton Simulation by conventional cellular automata Block_cellular_automaton > Simulation by conventional cellular automata As Toffoli and Margolus write, the block cellular automaton model does not introduce any additional power compared to a conventional cellular automaton that uses the same neighbo...
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Organonickel(IV) complex Summary Organonickel(IV)_complex Organonickel(IV) complex are organonickel compounds that feature nickel in the +4 oxidation state. These high-valent nickel compounds are intermediates or models thereof for various catalytic reactions.
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Single user mode Unix family Single_user_mode > Unix family The user may be required to enter a password set in the firmware. In OS X El Capitan and later releases of macOS, the mode can be reversed to single-user mode with the command sudo launchctl reboot userspace -s in Terminal, and the system can be fully rebooted...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Forgetting curve Increasing rate of learning Forgetting_curve > Increasing rate of learning He asserted that the best methods for increasing the strength of memory are: better memory representation (e.g. with mnemonic techniques) repetition based on active recall (especially spaced repetition).His premise was that each...
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Kimeme Design of experiments (DoE) Kimeme > Features > Design of experiments (DoE) Different DoE strategies are available, including random generator sequences, Factorial, Orthogonal and Iterative Techniques, as well as D-Optimal or Cross Validation. Monte Carlo and Latin hypercube are available for robustness analysis...
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Software and Systems Modeling Summary Software_and_Systems_Modeling Software and Systems Modeling (SoSyM) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the development and application of software and systems modeling languages and techniques, including modeling foundations, semantics, analysis and synthesis techniques...
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File system API Kernel-level API File_system_API > Kernel-level API The API is "kernel-level" when the kernel not only provides the interfaces for the filesystems developers but is also the space in which the filesystem code resides. It differs with the old schema in that the kernel itself uses its own facilities to ta...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Kepler refractor Achromatic refractors Refracting_telescope > Refracting telescope designs > Achromatic refractors A major appeal was they could be made shorter. However, problems with glass making meant that the glass objectives were not made more than about four inches in diameter.In the late 19th century, the Swiss ...
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SiriusXM Satellite Radio Satellites SiriusXM_Satellite_Radio > Technical > Satellites The satellite initially served as an in-orbit spare while the company worked to deploy repeaters for the Sirius side, which were needed to transition to full geostationary orbit operation. In 2016, FM-6 was put into active service and...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Signalling control Summary Signal_tower On a rail transport system, signalling control is the process by which control is exercised over train movements by way of railway signals and block systems to ensure that trains operate safely, over the correct route and to the proper timetable. Signalling control was originally...
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Wald test Summary Wald_test In statistics, the Wald test (named after Abraham Wald) assesses constraints on statistical parameters based on the weighted distance between the unrestricted estimate and its hypothesized value under the null hypothesis, where the weight is the precision of the estimate. Intuitively, the la...
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Quotient manifold Definition and first properties Quotient_manifold > Definition and first properties Let σ: G × M → M , ( g , x ) ↦ g ⋅ x {\displaystyle \sigma :G\times M\to M,(g,x)\mapsto g\cdot x} be a (left) group action of a Lie group G on a smooth manifold M; it is called a Lie group action (or smooth action) if ...
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Neuropsychopharmacology Neurotransmission Neuropsychopharmacology > Neurotransmission The synthesis of cellular proteins from nuclear DNA has the same fundamental machinery for all cells; the exploration of which now has a firm basis thanks to the Human Genome Project which has enumerated the entire human DNA sequence,...
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Electrical systems Electric field Electricity > Concepts > Electric field Air, for example, tends to arc across small gaps at electric field strengths which exceed 30 kV per centimetre. Over larger gaps, its breakdown strength is weaker, perhaps 1 kV per centimetre. : 2 The most visible natural occurrence of this is li...
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Coefficient of static friction Coefficient of friction Angle_of_friction > Dry friction > Coefficient of friction The Coulomb friction is equal to F f {\displaystyle F_{\mathrm {f} }} , and the frictional force on each surface is exerted in the direction opposite to its motion relative to the other surface. Arthur Mori...
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Glossary of genetics (0–L) H Glossary_of_gene_expression_terms > H If any one or more of the parents' traits are noticeably enhanced in the offspring as a result of the mixing of the parents' genetic contributions, the offspring is said to be heterotic. heterozygous In a diploid organism, having two different alleles a...
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Juvenile delinquency Strain Juvenile_delinquency > Criminology > Strain Retreatism: those who reject socially-approved goals and the means for acquiring them. Ritualism: those who buy into a system of socially-approved means but lose sight of the goals. Merton believed that drug users are in this category.
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Higher-dimensional supergravity Type I gauged SUGRA: N = (1, 0) Higher-dimensional_supergravity > Examples > 10d SUGRA theories > Type I gauged SUGRA: N = (1, 0) However, only the first two Lie algebras can be gotten from superstring theory. Quantum theories with at least 8 supercharges tend to have continuous moduli s...
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Marine microbiomes Reproduction and host development Marine_microbiome > Reproduction and host development Extending beyond nutritional symbioses, microbial symbionts can alter the reproduction, development, and growth of their hosts. Specific bacterial strains in marine biofilms often directly control the recruitment ...
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Ecological model of competition Summary Ecological_model_of_competition The ecological model of competition is a reassessment of the nature of competition in the economy. Traditional economics models the economy on the principles of physics (force, equilibrium, inertia, momentum, and linear relationships). This can be ...
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Equal environments assumption Summary Twin_studies This could range from a head injury or a birth defect that one twin has sustained while the other remains healthy. The classical twin design compares the similarity of monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal) twins.
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Etymology of electricity "Quantity of electricity" Etymology_of_electricity > "Quantity of electricity" Instead they speak of electricity as electromagnetic energy. The definition has drifted even further, and many authors now use the word electricity to mean electric current (amperes), energy flow (watts), electrical ...
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Maximum entropy thermodynamics The second law Maximum_entropy_thermodynamics > Philosophical implications > The second law However it will no longer necessarily be a maximum entropy distribution for that new macroscopic description. On the other hand, the new thermodynamic entropy STh(2) assuredly will measure the maxi...
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Boundary value problem Electromagnetic potential Boundary_values > Applications > Electromagnetic potential In electrostatics, a common problem is to find a function which describes the electric potential of a given region. If the region does not contain charge, the potential must be a solution to Laplace's equation (a...
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HIV Structure and genome AIDS_virus > Virology > Structure and genome As the sole viral protein on the surface of the virus, the envelope protein is a major target for HIV vaccine efforts. Over half of the mass of the trimeric envelope spike is N-linked glycans. The density is high as the glycans shield the underlying ...
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