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G2 structure Summary G2_structure In differential geometry, a G 2 {\displaystyle G_{2}} -structure is an important type of G-structure that can be defined on a smooth manifold. If M is a smooth manifold of dimension seven, then a G2-structure is a reduction of structure group of the frame bundle of M to the compact, ex...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Colonization of space Energy Colonization_of_space > Implementation > Resources > Energy So the solar energy available at distance d from the Sun is E = 1367/d2 W/m2, where d is measured in astronomical units (AU) and 1367 watts/m2 is the energy available at the distance of Earth's orbit from the Sun, 1 AU.In the weigh...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Plancks law Gustav Kirchhoff Plancks_law > History > Gustav Kirchhoff (Geometrical factors, taken into detailed account by Kirchhoff, have been ignored in the foregoing.) Thus Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation can be stated: For any material at all, radiating and absorbing in thermodynamic equilibrium at any given t...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Effects of tropical cyclones Heavy rainfall Effects_of_tropical_cyclones > Upon landfall > Heavy rainfall The thunderstorm activity in a tropical cyclone produces intense rainfall, potentially resulting in flooding, mudslides, and landslides. Inland areas are particularly vulnerable to freshwater flooding, due to resid...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Observational study Selection bias Observational_study > Bias and compensating methods > Selection bias Another difficulty with observational studies is that researchers may themselves be biased in their observational skills. This would allow for researchers to (either consciously or unconsciously) seek out the informa...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Smirnov method of incomplete separation of variables STTD versus Green's function technique Smirnov_method_of_incomplete_separation_of_variables > STTD versus Green's function technique Causality of the (unique) Riemann–Volterra solution is provided automatically, without need to recur to additional considerations, suc...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Molar heat capacity Specific heat of solids Molar_heat_capacity > Physical basis > Specific heat of solids One way to look at this result is to observe that the monatomic gas can only store energy as kinetic energy of the atoms, whereas the solid can store it also as potential energy of the bonds strained by the vibrat...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Bayesian Statistics Bayesian inference Bayesian_Statistics > Outline of Bayesian methods > Bayesian inference In Bayesian inference, probabilities can be assigned to model parameters. Parameters can be represented as random variables. Bayesian inference uses Bayes' theorem to update probabilities after more evidence is...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium Ad lectorem De_revolutionibus_orbium_coelestium > Ad lectorem It was not until the Great Comet of 1577, which moved as if there were no spheres to crash through, that the idea was challenged. In 1609, Johannes Kepler fixed Copernicus' theory by stating that the planets orbit the Sun ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Rubin causal model The fundamental problem of causal inference Rubin_causal_model > An extended example > The fundamental problem of causal inference The results we have seen up to this point would never be measured in practice. It is impossible, by definition, to observe the effect of more than one treatment on a subj...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Cas9 nickase CRISPR-mediated immunity Cas9_nickase > CRISPR-mediated immunity These reports provided the first biological evidence that CRISPRs might function as an immune system. Cas9 has been used often as a genome-editing tool. Cas9 has been used in recent developments in preventing viruses from manipulating hosts' ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
C-Met inhibitor Introduction C-Met_inhibitors > Introduction Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a vital element in regulating many intracellular signal transduction pathways. Met tyrosine kinase is the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), also known as scatter factor (SF). HGF is mostly expressed on epithelia...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
PWM rectifier Summary PWM_rectifier In frequency converters this property makes it possible to perform regenerative braking. PWM rectifiers are also used in distributed power generation applications, such as micro turbines, fuel cells and windmills. The major advantage of using the pulse width modulation technique is t...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Inclusive education Differing views among experts in education Inclusive_education > Differing views among experts in education The study was done using a qualitative research methodology that looked at the views and experiences of seven special education leaders that were implementing successful and equitable inclusio...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Coherent extrapolated volition Other approaches Coherent_extrapolated_volition > Other approaches Steve Omohundro has proposed a "scaffolding" approach to AI safety, in which one provably safe AI generation helps build the next provably safe generation.Seth Baum argues that the development of safe, socially beneficial ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Hall voltage Theory Hall_voltage > Theory The Hall effect is due to the nature of the current in a conductor. Current consists of the movement of many small charge carriers, typically electrons, holes, ions (see Electromigration) or all three. When a magnetic field is present, these charges experience a force, called t...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Kumpati S. Narendra Research areas Kumpati_S._Narendra > Research areas Nonlinear dynamical systems Artificial neural networks Learning automata Adaptive control Stability theory
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Word-representable graph Software Word-representable_graph > Software Software REPRNR to compute the representation number of a graph, 2018. Available at https://www.win.tue.nl/~hzantema/reprnr.html. == References ==
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Dead letter queue Summary Dead_letter_queue The message expires because it reached the TTL (time to live) The message is rejected by another queue exchange. The message has been read and rejected too many times.Routing these messages to a dead letter queue enables analysis of common fault patterns and potential softwar...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
William B. Tolman Early life and education William_B._Tolman > Early life and education in chemistry in 1987.He then conducted his postdoc in the laboratory of Prof. Stephen J. Lippard at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with the support of a fellowship from the American Cancer Society. With Prof. Lippard, Tol...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Bound variable Summary Free_variable Some older books use the terms real variable and apparent variable for free variable and bound variable, respectively. The idea is related to a placeholder (a symbol that will later be replaced by some value), or a wildcard character that stands for an unspecified symbol. In compute...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Adaptive immunity Passive memory Acquired_resistance > Immunological memory > Passive memory Passive memory is usually short-term, lasting between a few days and several months. Newborn infants have had no prior exposure to microbes and are particularly vulnerable to infection. Several layers of passive protection are ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
CRISPR activation Synergistic activation mediator DCas9_activation_system > Specific activation systems > Synergistic activation mediator Thus, the MS2 protein is engineered to include p65 and HSF1 proteins. The MS2-p65-HSF1 fusion protein interacts with the dCas9-VP64 to recruit more transcriptional factors onto the p...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Discontinuous gas exchange Closed phase Discontinuous_gas_exchange > Phases > Closed phase During the closed phase of discontinuous gas exchange cycles, the spiracle muscles contract, causing the spiracles to shut tight. At the initiation of the closed phase, the partial pressure of both O2 and CO2 is close to that of ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
PL/I programming language IBM PL/I optimizing and checkout compilers PL/I_programming_language > Implementations > IBM PL/I optimizing and checkout compilers The team was led by Brian Marks. The three-pass design cut the time to compile a program to 25% of that taken by the F Compiler. It can be run from an interactive...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Particle Image Velocimetry History Particle_Image_Velocimetry > History In aerodynamics, PIV has been used to study the flow over aircraft wings, rotor blades, and other aerodynamic surfaces, providing insights into the flow behavior and aerodynamic performance of these systems. In combustion research, PIV has been use...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Multinomial distribution Expected value and variance Multinomial_distribution > Properties > Expected value and variance The entries of the corresponding correlation matrix are ρ ( X i , X i ) = 1. {\displaystyle \rho (X_{i},X_{i})=1.} ρ ( X i , X j ) = Cov ⁡ ( X i , X j ) Var ⁡ ( X i ) Var ⁡ ( X j ) = − p i p j p i ( ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Fundamental matrix (computer vision) Summary Fundamental_matrix_(computer_vision) It is sometimes also referred to as the "bifocal tensor". As a tensor it is a two-point tensor in that it is a bilinear form relating points in distinct coordinate systems. The above relation which defines the fundamental matrix was publi...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Gear ratios Example Speed_ratio > Automotive applications > Example With the gear ratios of the transmission and differential and the size of the tires, it becomes possible to calculate the speed of the car for a particular gear at a particular engine RPM. For example, it is possible to determine the distance the car w...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Penicillin resistance Pharmacokinetics Penicillin_resistance > Pharmacology > Pharmacokinetics Penicillin has low protein binding in plasma. The bioavailability of penicillin depends on the type: penicillin G has low bioavailability, below 30%, whereas penicillin V has higher bioavailability, between 60 and 70%.Penicil...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Speed of light in vacuum Astronomical measurements Speed_of_Light > Measurement > Astronomical measurements A moving observer thus sees the light coming from a slightly different direction and consequently sees the source at a position shifted from its original position. Since the direction of the Earth's velocity chan...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Intersystem crossing Metal Complexes Inter-system_crossing > Metal Complexes Once a metal complex undergoes metal-to-ligand charge transfer, the system can undergo intersystem crossing, which, in conjunction with the tunability of MLCT excitation energies, produces a long-lived intermediate whose energy can be adjusted...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Workers' control Summary Workers'_control Workers' control is participation in the management of factories and other commercial enterprises by the people who work there. It has been variously advocated by anarchists, socialists, communists, social democrats, distributists and Christian democrats, and has been combined ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Ellipse As hypotrochoid Gardener's_ellipse > Drawing ellipses > As hypotrochoid The ellipse is a special case of the hypotrochoid when R = 2 r {\displaystyle R=2r} , as shown in the adjacent image. The special case of a moving circle with radius r {\displaystyle r} inside a circle with radius R = 2 r {\displaystyle R=2...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Life science Applied life science branches and derived concepts Life_sciences > Applied life science branches and derived concepts If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. Population dynamics – Population dynamics is the study of short-term and long-term changes in the size and age ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Finite math Information theory Discrete_Mathematics > Topics in discrete mathematics > Information theory Information theory involves the quantification of information. Closely related is coding theory which is used to design efficient and reliable data transmission and storage methods. Information theory also includes...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Unbounded nondeterminism controversy Actor creation plus addresses in messages means variable topology Actor_model > Message-passing semantics > Actor creation plus addresses in messages means variable topology A natural development of the actor model was to allow addresses in messages. Influenced by packet switched ne...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Fetal Tissue Experimentation Induced pluripotent Potency_(stem_cell) > Induced pluripotent Induced pluripotent stem cells differ from embryonic stem cells. They share many similar properties, such as pluripotency and differentiation potential, the expression of pluripotency genes, epigenetic patterns, embryoid body and...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Quantum vacuum zero point energy Quantum field theory and beyond Zero-point_motion > History > Quantum field theory and beyond In 1951 Herbert Callen and Theodore Welton proved the quantum fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) which was originally formulated in classical form by Nyquist (1928) as an explanation for obs...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Passing loop Dynamic passing loop Passing_loop > Dynamic passing loop If a crossing loop is several times the length of the trains using it, and is suitably signalled, then trains proceeding in opposite directions can pass (cross) each other without having to stop or even slow down. This greatly reduces the time lost b...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Energy management Potential energy strategies Energy_management > Energy strategies > Potential energy strategies Measures with low profitability are not considered. Strategy of long-term profit maximization: This strategy includes that you have a high knowledge of the energy price and technology development. The relev...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Albert A. Michelson Application of basic statistical principles in Michelson's study of speed of light Albert_A._Michelson > Speed of light > Application of basic statistical principles in Michelson's study of speed of light In the case of light speed study, each measurement is approached as the sum of quantity of inte...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Protein (nutrient) Protein quality Dietary_protein > Testing in foods > Protein quality The most important aspect and defining characteristic of protein from a nutritional standpoint is its amino acid composition. There are multiple systems which rate proteins by their usefulness to an organism based on their relative ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Chromatin remodeling Known modifications Chromatin_remodelling > Classification > Covalent histone-modifying complexes > Known modifications Particularly, H3K9me3 is highly correlated with constitutive heterochromatin. Acetylation - by HAT (histone acetyl transferase); deacetylation - by HDAC (histone deacetylase)Acety...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Copy-on-write In virtual memory management Copy-on-write > In virtual memory management Copy-on-write finds its main use in sharing the virtual memory of operating system processes, in the implementation of the fork system call. Typically, the process does not modify any memory and immediately executes a new process, r...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Renormalon Brief history Renormalon > Brief history Existence of instanton singularities is beyond any doubt, while existence of renormalon ones was never proved rigorously in spite of numerous efforts. Among the essential contributions one should mention the application of the operator product expansion, as was sugges...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Cognitive ergonomics Disability Cognitive_ergonomics > Disability Accessibility is important in cognitive ergonomics because it is one pathway to build better user experience. The term accessibility refers to how people with disabilities access or benefits from a site, system, or application. Section 508 is the foundin...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Cell divisions Summary Cell_division Meiosis undergoes two divisions resulting in four haploid daughter cells. Homologous chromosomes are separated in the first division of meiosis, such that each daughter cell has one copy of each chromosome. These chromosomes have already been replicated and have two sister chromatid...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Generative adversarial network Choice of the strategy set Generative_adversarial_network > Mathematical properties > Choice of the strategy set That is, start with a random variable z ∼ μ Z {\displaystyle z\sim \mu _{Z}} , where μ Z {\displaystyle \mu _{Z}} is a probability distribution that is easy to compute (such as...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Hypercapnic alarm response Diagnosis CO2_retention > Diagnosis Blood gas tests may be performed, typically by radial artery puncture, in the setting of acute breathing problems or other acute medical illness. Hypercapnia is generally defined as an arterial blood carbon dioxide level over 45 mmHg (6 kPa). Since carbon d...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Journal of Machine Learning Research Summary Journal_of_Machine_Learning_Research The Journal of Machine Learning Research is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering machine learning. It was established in 2000 and the first editor-in-chief was Leslie Kaelbling. The current editors-in-chief are Francis ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Vector autoregression Definition Vector_autoregression > Specification > Definition E ( e t e t ′ ) = Ω {\displaystyle \mathrm {E} (e_{t}e_{t}')=\Omega \,} . The contemporaneous covariance matrix of error terms is a k × k positive-semidefinite matrix denoted Ω. E ( e t e t − k ′ ) = 0 {\displaystyle \mathrm {E} (e_{t}e...
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Pisarenko harmonic decomposition History Pisarenko_harmonic_decomposition > History The method was first discovered in 1911 by Constantin Carathéodory, then rediscovered by Vladilen Fedorovich Pisarenko in 1973 while examining the problem of estimating the frequencies of complex signals in white noise. He found that th...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Usability inspection Summary Usability_inspection Usability inspection is the name for a set of methods where an evaluator inspects a user interface. This is in contrast to usability testing where the usability of the interface is evaluated by testing it on real users. Usability inspections can generally be used early ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Period (periodic table) Periods Period_(periodic_table) > Periods There are currently seven complete periods in the periodic table, comprising the 118 known elements. Any new elements will be placed into an eighth period; see extended periodic table. The elements are colour-coded below by their block: red for the s-blo...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Firefly algorithm Algorithm Firefly_algorithm > Algorithm In pseudocode the algorithm can be stated as: Begin 1) Objective function: f ( x ) , x = ( x 1 , x 2 , . . .
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History of artificial neural networks Artificial curiosity and generative adversarial networks History_of_artificial_neural_networks > Artificial curiosity and generative adversarial networks In 1991, Juergen Schmidhuber published adversarial neural networks that contest with each other in the form of a zero-sum game, ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Change of base rule Probability theory and statistics Logarithm > Applications > Probability theory and statistics Logarithms arise in probability theory: the law of large numbers dictates that, for a fair coin, as the number of coin-tosses increases to infinity, the observed proportion of heads approaches one-half. Th...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Noble gases Occurrence and production Rare_gases > Occurrence and production Helium is typically produced by separating it from natural gas, and radon is isolated from the radioactive decay of radium compounds. The prices of the noble gases are influenced by their natural abundance, with argon being the cheapest and xe...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Clinical medicine Clinical practice Clinical_medicine > Clinical practice Four actions are the basis of physical examination: inspection, palpation (feel), percussion (tap to determine resonance characteristics), and auscultation (listen), generally in that order, although auscultation occurs prior to percussion and pa...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Cerebral autoregulation Summary Cerebral_autoregulation Cerebral autoregulation is a process in mammals, which aims to maintain adequate and stable cerebral blood flow. While most systems of the body show some degree of autoregulation, the brain is very sensitive to over- and underperfusion. Cerebral autoregulation pla...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Quantum vacuum zero point energy Vacuum birefringence Lowest-energy_state > Experimental observations > Vacuum birefringence Yet, in theory, large nonlinear self-interaction of light due to quantum fluctuations should lead to this principle being measurably violated if the interactions are strong enough. Nearly all the...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion Buddhism Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_religion > Religions > Buddhism Fear is also harming our minds and affecting our humility, causing us to become selfish and to look down on those who are infected. Therefore, recognizing that we need to act to prevent COVID-19 from ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
PPA (complexity) Examples PPA_(complexity) > Examples There is an un-oriented version of the Sperner lemma known to be complete for PPA. The consensus-halving problem is known to be complete for PPA. The problem of searching for a second Hamiltonian cycle on a 3-regular graph is a member of PPA, but is not known to be ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Activation (neural network) Rectifier Artificial_neurons > Types of transfer functions > Rectifier In the context of artificial neural networks, the rectifier or ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit) is an activation function defined as the positive part of its argument: f ( x ) = x + = max ( 0 , x ) , {\displaystyle f(x)=x^{+}...
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Heat energy Engineering Heat_source > Heat transfer > Engineering From the thermodynamic point of view, heat flows into a fluid by diffusion to increase its energy, the fluid then transfers (advects) this increased internal energy (not heat) from one location to another, and this is then followed by a second thermal in...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Kernel methods for vector output Summary Kernel_methods_for_vector_output In Gaussian processes, kernels are called covariance functions. Multiple-output functions correspond to considering multiple processes. See Bayesian interpretation of regularization for the connection between the two perspectives.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Sensory threshold Measuring and testing sensory thresholds Sensory_threshold > Measuring and testing sensory thresholds With this method, the threshold value can be delineated very accurately. The initial size of the step can be selected depending on the expected accuracy.In measuring sensory threshold, noise must be a...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Gunshot wound Chest Ballistic_trauma > Management > Chest Those with signs of a tension pneumothorax (asymmetric breathing, unstable blood flow, respiratory distress) should immediately receive a chest tube (> French 36) or needle decompression if chest tube placement is delayed. FAST exam should include extended views...
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Robert Thomas Sanderson Electronegativity equalization Robert_Thomas_Sanderson > Electronegativity equalization In 1951, Sanderson developed the idea of electronegativity equalization, stating two bonding atoms will equalize their Mulliken electronegativity. He would later further revise his own scale of electronegativ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Real Analysis Distributions Real_Analysis > Scope > Distributions Distributions (or generalized functions) are objects that generalize functions. Distributions make it possible to differentiate functions whose derivatives do not exist in the classical sense. In particular, any locally integrable function has a distribu...
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Diisobutyl phthalate PPARγ Pathway Diisobutyl_phthalate > Mechanims of actions > PPARγ Pathway Upon activation by DiBP this PPARγ/RXR heterodimer binds to a DNA sequence called the PPAR response element (PPRE). Binding of the transcription factor to this response element can result in either up- or down-regulation of g...
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Claasen's law Summary Claasen's_law Claasen's logarithmic law of usefulness is named after technologist Theo A. C. M. Claasen, who introduced the idea in 1999 when he was CTO of Philips Semiconductors: Usefulness = log(Technology)The law can also be expressed as: Technology = exp(Usefulness)
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Progressive wave Summary Traveling_waves In physics, mathematics, engineering, and related fields, a wave is a propagating dynamic disturbance (change from equilibrium) of one or more quantities. Waves can be periodic, in which case those quantities oscillate repeatedly about an equilibrium (resting) value at some freq...
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Orbital integral Summary Orbital_integral In mathematics, an orbital integral is an integral transform that generalizes the spherical mean operator to homogeneous spaces. Instead of integrating over spheres, one integrates over generalized spheres: for a homogeneous space X = G/H, a generalized sphere centered at a poi...
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Serializability View and conflict serializability Serializability > View and conflict serializability View-serializability of a schedule is defined by equivalence to a serial schedule (no overlapping transactions) with the same transactions, such that respective transactions in the two schedules read and write the same...
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Decomposition of spectrum (functional analysis) Physics Decomposition_of_spectrum_(functional_analysis) > Self-adjoint operators on Hilbert space > Physics Sometimes, when performing physical quantum mechanical calculations, one encounters "eigenvectors" that do not lie in L2(R), i.e. wave functions that are not locali...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
DNA mismatch repair MMR failures in field defects DNA_mismatch_repair > Clinical significance > MMR failures in field defects A field defect (field cancerization) is an area of epithelium that has been preconditioned by epigenetic or genetic changes, predisposing it towards development of cancer. As pointed out by Rubi...
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Horseshoe magnet Summary Horseshoe_magnet A horseshoe magnet is either a permanent magnet or an electromagnet made in the shape of a horseshoe (in other words, in a U-shape). The permanent kind has become the most widely recognized symbol for magnets. : 2 It is usually depicted as red and marked with ′North' and 'South...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Cartesian tree Efficient construction Cartesian_tree > Efficient construction The right neighbors can be found by applying the same stack algorithm to the reverse of the sequence. The parent of a {\displaystyle a} in the Cartesian tree is either the left neighbor of a {\displaystyle a} or the right neighbor of a {\disp...
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Higgs potential Landau model Electroweak_symmetry_breaking > Examples > Landau model When there is a charged condensate, the electromagnetic interactions are screened. To see this, consider the effect of a gauge transformation on the field. A gauge transformation rotates the phase of the condensate by an amount which c...
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Grand Unified Theory Proposed theories GUT_theories > Proposed theories Some GUT theories like SU(5) and SO(10) suffer from what is called the doublet-triplet problem. These theories predict that for each electroweak Higgs doublet, there is a corresponding colored Higgs triplet field with a very small mass (many orders...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Probabilistic causation Deterministic versus probabilistic theory Probabilistic_causation > Deterministic versus probabilistic theory In statistics, it is generally accepted that observational studies (like counting cancer cases among smokers and among non-smokers and then comparing the two) can give hints, but can nev...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Binary images Summary Bi-level_image A binary image is one that consists of pixels that can have one of exactly two colors, usually black and white. Binary images are also called bi-level or two-level, Pixelart made of two colours is often referred to as 1-Bit or 1bit. This means that each pixel is stored as a single b...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Object-oriented operating system Summary Object-oriented_operating_system An object-oriented operating system is an operating system that is designed, structured, and operated using object-oriented programming principles. An object-oriented operating system is in contrast to an object-oriented user interface or program...
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Stick-slip phenomenon Examples Stick-slip_phenomenon > Examples Another, more common example which produces sound using stick–slip friction is the grasshopper. Stick–slip can also be observed on the atomic scale using a friction force microscope. In such case, the phenomenon can be interpreted using the Tomlinson model...
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Prototype-based programming Object construction Prototype-based_programming > Object construction The resulting instance will inherit all the methods and properties that were defined in the class, which acts as a kind of template from which similarly typed objects can be constructed. Systems that support ex nihilo obje...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Visual Control Types Visual_Control > Types This supports team decision making and promotes a "shared vision". A visual control group is intended to actually control or guide the action of the group members. Examples of controls are readily apparent in society: stop signs, handicap parking signs, no smoking signs, etc.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Epigenetics in stem cell differentiation Summary Epigenetics_in_stem_cell_differentiation The mammalian epigenome undergoes global remodeling during early stem cell development that requires commitment of cells to be restricted to the desired lineage. There has been multiple evidence suggesting that the maintenance of ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Fastigial nucleus Structure Fastigial_nucleus > Structure The Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex project into the deep cerebellar nuclei and inhibit the excitatory output system via GABAergic synapses. The fastigial nucleus receives its input from Purkinje cells in the vermis. Most of its efferent connections trav...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Evolutionary psychiatry Schizophrenia Evolutionary_psychiatry > Evolutionary explanations for specific disorders > Schizophrenia Other theories have referred to the possibility it is caused by mutation-selection balance. However, the expected rare and de novo mutations have only been found in a small proportion of case...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Uniform property Uniform properties Uniform_properties > Uniform properties Separated. A uniform space X is separated if the intersection of all entourages is equal to the diagonal in X × X. This is actually just a topological property, and equivalent to the condition that the underlying topological space is Hausdorff ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Chemotherapeutic agents Hyperthermia therapy Antitumor_agent > Research > Hyperthermia therapy Chemotherapy resistance sometimes develops over time as the tumors adapt and can overcome the toxicity of the chemo medication. "Overcoming chemoresistance has been extensively studied within the past, especially using CDDP-r...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Quantum action Approach Quantum_action > Approach In Schwingers approach, the action principle is targeted towards quantum mechanics. The action becomes a quantum action, i.e. an operator, S {\displaystyle S} . Although it is superficially different from the path integral formulation where the action is a classical fun...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Challenge hypothesis Dual-Hormone Hypothesis Challenge_hypothesis > The Dual Hormone Hypothesis as an Extension of the Challenge Hypothesis > Dual-Hormone Hypothesis Stress plays a fundamental role in competition and mating, and therefore, the hormones released in response to stress should be considered as well as test...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Complex functions Major results Complex-valued_function > Major results The function on the larger domain is said to be analytically continued from its values on the smaller domain. This allows the extension of the definition of functions, such as the Riemann zeta function, which are initially defined in terms of infin...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Curly bracket programming languages System languages Curly_bracket_language > System languages The system programming languages are for low-level tasks like memory management or task management. A system programming language usually refers to a programming language used for system programming; such languages are design...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Cancer epigenetics Frequencies of epimutations in DNA repair genes Cancer_epigenetics > DNA repair pathways > Frequencies of epimutations in DNA repair genes Whole genome sequencing in blood cells for a pair of identical twin 100-year-old centenarians only found 8 somatic differences, though somatic variation occurring...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Water organ Mechanics Water_organ > Mechanics This drop provides sufficient wind to power the restored six-stop instrument. Among Renaissance writers on the water organ, Salomon de Caus is particularly informative. His book of 1615 includes a short treatise on making water organs, advice on tuning and registration, and...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
Number set Prime numbers Number_systems > History > Prime numbers But most further development of the theory of primes in Europe dates to the Renaissance and later eras.In 1796, Adrien-Marie Legendre conjectured the prime number theorem, describing the asymptotic distribution of primes. Other results concerning the dis...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus