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J. Robert Oppenheimer Institute for Advanced Study J._Robert_Oppenheimer > Postwar activities > Institute for Advanced Study Abraham Pais said that Oppenheimer himself thought that one of his failures at the institute was being unable to bring together scholars from the natural sciences and the humanities.During a seri... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Graph spectrum Summary Graph_spectrum In mathematics, spectral graph theory is the study of the properties of a graph in relationship to the characteristic polynomial, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors of matrices associated with the graph, such as its adjacency matrix or Laplacian matrix. The adjacency matrix of a simple ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
George Church (geneticist) Synthetic biology and genome engineering George_Church_(geneticist) > Research > Synthetic biology and genome engineering Church has co-developed "genome engineering" technologies since 1997 via either general homologous recombination (recA and lambda-red) or via sequence-specific nucleases. ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Glossary of engineering: M–Z P Glossary_of_engineering:_M–Z > P {\displaystyle \mathbf {P} :{\begin{pmatrix}x\\y\\z\end{pmatrix}}\mapsto {\begin{pmatrix}-x\\-y\\-z\end{pmatrix}}.} It can also be thought of as a test for chirality of a physical phenomenon, in that a parity inversion transforms a phenomenon into its mirr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Juan Maldacena Summary Juan_Maldacena Juan Martín Maldacena (born 10 September 1968) is an Argentine theoretical physicist and the Carl P. Feinberg Professor in the School of Natural Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton. He has made significant contributions to the foundations of string theory and qu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Interface-based programming Summary Interface-based_programming Interface-based programming, also known as interface-based architecture, is an architectural pattern for implementing modular programming at the component level in an object-oriented programming language which does not have a module system. An example of s... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Torque vectoring All-wheel drive Active_Center_Differential > Functional description > All-wheel drive Having more even torque distribution increases the vehicle's traction.There are more advanced torque vectoring differentials as well. These differentials build on basic torque transfer between front and rear wheels. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Discrete Element Method Summary Discrete_Element_Method Several DEM codes, as do molecular dynamics codes, take advantage of parallel processing capabilities (shared or distributed systems) to scale up the number of particles or length of the simulation. An alternative to treating all particles separately is to average... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Soil humidity Summary Soil_moisture It is the solvent in which nutrients are carried to, into and throughout the plant. It provides the turgidity by which the plant keeps itself in proper position.In addition, water alters the soil profile by dissolving and re-depositing mineral and organic solutes and colloids, often ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Epigenetics of autoimmune disorders Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) Epigenetics_of_autoimmune_disorders > Epigenetic mechanisms > Non-Coding RNAs > Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) miRNAs negatively regulate gene expression by binding to complementary mRNA sequences within the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR). This process of miRNA activity beg... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Proof complexity Non-classical logics Proof_complexity > Non-classical logics The idea of comparing the size of proofs can be used for any automated reasoning procedure that generates a proof. Some research has been done about the size of proofs for propositional non-classical logics, in particular, intuitionistic, mod... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
PH value Applications Ocean_acidity > Applications Pure water has a pH of 7 at 25°C, meaning it is neutral. When an acid is dissolved in water, the pH will be less than 7, while a base, or alkali, will have a pH greater than 7. A strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, at concentration 1 mol dm−3 has a pH of 0, while a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Available energy A historical and cultural tangent Exergy > Mathematical description > A historical and cultural tangent The field of statistical mechanics (beginning with the work of Ludwig Boltzmann in developing the Boltzmann equation) relieved many physicists of this concern. From this discipline, we now know that ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Nicolaus I Bernoulli Summary Nicolaus_I_Bernoulli Nicolaus Bernoulli (also spelled Nicolas or Nikolas; 20 October 1687, Basel – 29 November 1759, Basel) was a Swiss mathematician and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Entorhinal cortex Connections Entorhinal_cortex > Anatomy > Connections The superficial layers – layers II and III – of EC project to the dentate gyrus and hippocampus: Layer II projects primarily to dentate gyrus and hippocampal region CA3; layer III projects primarily to hippocampal region CA1 and the subiculum. Thes... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Scale (ratio) In maps Scale_(ratio) > In maps In large scale maps of small areas the variation of scale may be insignificant for most purposes but it is always present. The scale of a map projection must be interpreted as a nominal scale. (The usage large and small in relation to map scales relates to their expressions... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Epiphenomenon Electromagnetism Epiphenomenon > Examples > Electromagnetism Although electronics is said to be due to the influence of electrons, the standard approach to the study of electrical phenomena due to James Clerk Maxwell views these particles as secondary: In Maxwell's theory, charge and current are 'epipheno... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Linear complex structure Relation to complexifications Linear_complex_structure > Relation to complexifications Since C is algebraically closed, J is guaranteed to have eigenvalues which satisfy λ2 = −1, namely λ = ±i. Thus we may write V C = V + ⊕ V − {\displaystyle V^{\mathbb {C} }=V^{+}\oplus V^{-}} where V+ and V− ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Internet Standard Internet Standard Internet_Standard > Standardization process > Internet Standard Normally, the standards used in data communication are called protocols. All Internet Standards are given a number in the STD series. The series was summarized in its first document, STD 1 (RFC 5000), until 2013, but thi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Randomized binary search tree Implicit treap Randomized_binary_search_tree > Implicit treap An implicit treap is a simple variation of an ordinary treap which can be viewed as a dynamic array that supports the following operations in O ( log n ) {\displaystyle O(\log n)}: Inserting an element in any position Removing... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
High blood sugar Insulin resistance High_blood_sugar > Causes > Endocrine > Insulin resistance Obesity has been contributing to increased insulin resistance in the global population. Insulin resistance increases hyperglycemia because the body becomes over saturated by glucose. Insulin resistance desensitizes insulin re... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Strain rate imaging Basic concepts Strain_rate_imaging > Basic concepts This method, however, yields the Eulerian strain rate and strain. It has become traditional to use the Velocity gradient, but in integrating strain rate it is converted to Lagrangian strain by the formula εL = eεE - 1.Strain in three dimensions: Ba... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Action-angle variables Summary Action-angle_coordinates In the case of integrable systems, the Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization conditions were first used, before the advent of quantum mechanics, to compute the spectrum of the Hydrogen atom. They require that the action-angle variables exist, and that they be integral mult... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Pyloric stenosis Pathophysiology Pyloric_stenosis > Pathophysiology The gastric outlet obstruction due to the hypertrophic pylorus impairs emptying of gastric contents into the duodenum. As a consequence, all ingested food and gastric secretions can only exit via vomiting, which can be of a projectile nature. While the... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Racing games Simulation racing Arcade_racing > Sub-genres > Simulation racing Simulation style racing games strive to convincingly replicate the handling of an automobile. They often license real cars or racing leagues, but will sometimes use fantasy cars built to resemble real ones if unable to acquire an official lic... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Foundation of mathematics Ancient Greek mathematics Foundational_mathematics > Historical context > Ancient Greek mathematics The Pythagorean school of mathematics originally insisted that only natural and rational numbers exist. The discovery of the irrationality of √2, the ratio of the diagonal of a square to its sid... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Type I diabetes Autoimmune disorders Type_I_diabetes > Complications > Autoimmune disorders People with type 1 diabetes are at an increased risk for developing several autoimmune disorders, particularly thyroid problems – around 20% of people with type 1 diabetes have hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, typically caused... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Random fields Summary Random_field In physics and mathematics, a random field is a random function over an arbitrary domain (usually a multi-dimensional space such as R n {\displaystyle \mathbb {R} ^{n}} ). That is, it is a function f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} that takes on a random value at each point x ∈ R n {\displ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Molecular orbital diagram Summary MO_diagram A molecular orbital diagram, or MO diagram, is a qualitative descriptive tool explaining chemical bonding in molecules in terms of molecular orbital theory in general and the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method in particular. A fundamental principle of these ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Membrane computing Summary Membrane_computing The region, which is defined by a membrane, can contain other symbols or strings (collectively referred to as objects) or other membranes, so that a P system has exactly one outer membrane, called the skin membrane, and a hierarchical relationship governing all its membrane... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Daily fantasy sports Summary Daily_fantasy_sports DFS market. The two primarily compete against smaller DFS services, such as Fantasy Aces and Yahoo! Sports. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
TP53 gene Role in disease TP53_gene > Role in disease Loss of p53 creates genomic instability that most often results in an aneuploidy phenotype.Increasing the amount of p53 may seem a solution for treatment of tumors or prevention of their spreading. This, however, is not a usable method of treatment, since it can cau... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Profit maximization Maximizing profits in the real world Profit_maximization > Maximizing profits in the real world Planning and actual execution, when implementing a "what if" solution to help you in the sales and operation planning process, you need to be familiar with the company's operations, including the supply c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Continuous distribution Discrete probability distribution Absolutely_continuous_random_variable > Discrete probability distribution A discrete probability distribution is the probability distribution of a random variable that can take on only a countable number of values (almost surely) which means that the probability... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Mir-172 microRNA precursor family Summary Mir-172_microRNA_precursor_family The mir-172 microRNA is thought to target mRNAs coding for APETALA2-like transcription factors. It has been verified experimentally in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana (mouse-ear cress). The mature sequence is excised from the 3' arm of th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Free will and determinism Newtonian mechanics Free_will_and_determinism > History > Western tradition > Newtonian mechanics But it fails as velocities become some substantial fraction of the speed of light and when interactions at the atomic scale are studied. Before the discovery of quantum effects and other challenge... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Depth-first search Vertex orderings Depth-first_search > Output of a depth-first search > Vertex orderings For example, when searching the directed graph below beginning at node A, the sequence of traversals is either A B D B A C A or A C D C A B A (choosing to first visit B or C from A is up to the algorithm). Note th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Triple Diffie-Hellman (3-DH) Diffie–Hellman_key_exchange > Ephemeral and/or static keys > Triple Diffie-Hellman (3-DH) In 1997 a kind of triple DH was proposed by Simon Blake-Wilson, Don Johnson, Alfred Menezes in "Key Agreement Protocols and their Security Analysis (1997)", which was improv... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Multidimensional signal processing Summary Multidimensional_filter_design In signal processing, multidimensional signal processing covers all signal processing done using multidimensional signals and systems. While multidimensional signal processing is a subset of signal processing, it is unique in the sense that it de... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Ten-dimensional space Branes Ten-dimensional_space > Fundamentals > Branes The letter "D" in D-brane refers to a certain mathematical condition on the system known as the Dirichlet boundary condition. The study of D-branes in string theory has led to important results such as the AdS/CFT correspondence, which has shed ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Glucokinase Regulation in beta cells Glucokinase > Function and regulation > Pancreatic > Regulation in beta cells Transcription of the GCK gene is initiated through the "upstream," or neuroendocrine, promoter. This promoter, in contrast to the liver promoter, has elements homologous to other insulin-induced gene promo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Capacitor Lifespan Parallel_plate_capacitor > Non-ideal behavior > Lifespan Electrolytic capacitors generally have the shortest lifespans. Electrolytic capacitors are affected very little by vibration or humidity, but factors such as ambient and operational temperatures play a large role in their failure, which gradual... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Orbital pass Timing and duration Satellite_pass > Timing and duration The timing and duration of passes depends on the characteristics of the orbit a satellite occupies, as well as the ground topography and any occulting objects on the ground (such as buildings), or in space (for planetary probes, or for spacecraft usi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
ArviZ Summary ArviZ ArviZ ( AR-vees) is a Python package for exploratory analysis of Bayesian models.When working with Bayesian models there are a series of related tasks that need to be addressed besides inference itself: Diagnoses of the quality of the inference, this is needed when using numerical methods such as Ma... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Lambda-term bound variables Parallelism and concurrency Eta_reduction > Lambda calculus and programming languages > Parallelism and concurrency The Church–Rosser property of the lambda calculus means that evaluation (β-reduction) can be carried out in any order, even in parallel. This means that various nondeterministi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
P-matrix Spectra of P-matrices P-matrix > Spectra of P-matrices . . , n {\displaystyle i=1,...,n} are the eigenvalues of an n-dimensional P 0 {\displaystyle P_{0}} -matrix, then | arg ( u i ) | ≤ π − π n , i = 1 , . | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
SI system Summary SI_multiple The nature of the defining constants ranges from fundamental constants of nature such as c to the purely technical constant Kcd. Prior to 2019, h, e, k, and NA were not defined a priori but were rather very precisely measured quantities. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
NBG set theory The uses of classes NBG_set_theory > Classes in set theory > The uses of classes {\displaystyle x\in s.} The set-theoretic paradoxes are handled by recognizing that some classes cannot be sets. For example, assume that the class O r d {\displaystyle Ord} of all ordinals is a set. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Uranyl ion Structure and bonding Uranyl_cation > Structure and bonding The uranyl ion is linear and symmetrical, with both U–O bond lengths of about 180 pm. The bond lengths are indicative of the presence of multiple bonding between the uranium and oxygen atoms. Since uranium(VI) has the electronic configuration of the... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
TNM staging system Uses and aims TNM_staging_system > Uses and aims Some of the aims for adopting a global standard are to: Aid medical staff in staging the tumor helping to plan the treatment. Give an indication of prognosis. Assist in the evaluation of the results of treatment. Enable facilities around the world to c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Single-point energy Summary Single-point_energy A potential energy surface (PES) describes the energy of a system, especially a collection of atoms, in terms of certain parameters, normally the positions of the atoms. The surface might define the energy as a function of one or more coordinates; if there is only one coo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
SI defining constant Mole SI_defining_constants > Impact on base unit definitions > Mole 2019 definition:: 22 The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of amount of substance. One mole contains exactly 6.02214076×1023 elementary entities. This number is the fixed numerical value of the Avogadro constant, NA, when expressed ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Nucleosynthesis Minor mechanisms and processes Nucleosynthesis > Minor mechanisms and processes Natural technetium and promethium are produced in this manner. Nuclear reactions. Naturally occurring nuclear reactions powered by radioactive decay give rise to so-called nucleogenic nuclides. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Franck–Hertz experiment Early quantum theory Franck–Hertz_experiment > Early quantum theory An electron is normally found in the lowest energy level, with the largest binding energy. Additional levels lie higher, with smaller binding energies. Intermediate binding energies lying between these levels are not permitted. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Multiset (abstract data type) Core set-theoretical operations Multiset_(abstract_data_type) > Operations > Core set-theoretical operations One may define the operations of the algebra of sets: union(S,T): returns the union of sets S and T. intersection(S,T): returns the intersection of sets S and T. difference(S,T): re... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Data Warehouses Normalized approach Data_Warehouse > Information storage > Dimensional versus normalized approach for storage of data > Normalized approach Furthermore, each of the created entities is converted into separate physical tables when the database is implemented (Kimball, Ralph 2008). The main advantage of t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Multidimensional discrete convolution Motivation and applications Multidimensional_discrete_convolution > Definition > Motivation and applications In addition to image processing, multidimensional convolution can be implemented to enable a variety of other applications. Since filters are widespread in digital communica... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
PH value Applications Ocean_acidity > Applications Neutrality is not exactly 7 at 25°C, but 7 serves as a good approximation in most cases. Neutrality occurs when the concentration of hydrogen ions () equals the concentration of hydroxide ions (), or when their activities are equal. Since self-ionization of water holds... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Data quality Overview Data_quality_assurance > Overview MIT has an Information Quality (MITIQ) Program, led by Professor Richard Wang, which produces a large number of publications and hosts a significant international conference in this field (International Conference on Information Quality, ICIQ). This program grew o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Foundations of statistics Philosophical results Foundations_of_statistics > Bayesian inference versus frequentist inference > Philosophical results Bayesians share a common stance against the limitations of frequentism, but they are divided into various philosophical camps (empirical, hierarchical, objective, personal,... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Explicit Congestion Notification ECN and TCP control packets Explicit_Congestion_Notification > Operation > Operation of ECN with TCP > ECN and TCP control packets Since the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) does not perform congestion control on control packets (pure ACKs, SYN, FIN segments), control packets are usu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
History of tuberculosis Royal touch History_of_tuberculosis > Europe: Middle Ages and Renaissance > Royal touch Initially, the touching ceremony was an informal process. Sickly individuals could petition the court for a royal touch and the touch would be performed at the King's earliest convenience. At times, the King ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Turing Test Hutter Prize Turing_Test > Variations > Hutter Prize The organisers of the Hutter Prize believe that compressing natural language text is a hard AI problem, equivalent to passing the Turing test. The data compression test has some advantages over most versions and variations of a Turing test, including: It ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
List of prime numbers Left-truncatable List_of_prime_numbers > Lists of primes by type > Truncatable prime > Left-truncatable Primes that remain prime when the leading decimal digit is successively removed. 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 23, 37, 43, 47, 53, 67, 73, 83, 97, 113, 137, 167, 173, 197, 223, 283, 313, 317, 337, 347, 35... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Design of plastic components Simulation Design_of_plastic_components > Feature Based Rules > Simulation The design of injection moulded components can be further improved and optimised by using injection moulding simulation software such as Autodesk Moldflow and SolidWorks Plastics. This software works with components ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Population dynamics Geometric populations Population_dynamics > Geometric populations When there is no migration to or from the population, Assuming in this case that the birth and death rates are constants, then the birth rate minus the death rate equals R, the geometric rate of increase. where λ = 1 + R is the finite... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Metal-ligand cooperativity Modes of Metal-Ligand Cooperativity Metal-ligand_cooperativity > Modes of Metal-Ligand Cooperativity As shown in the figure, a ligand can be dearomatized by a base and thus activated toward cleaving a C-H or H-H bond and be subsequently rearomatized during substrate bond cleavage. NHC ligands... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Variable declaration Declarations and definitions Variable_declaration > Declarations and definitions For variables, definitions assign values to an area of memory that was reserved during the declaration phase. For functions, definitions supply the function body. While a variable or function may be declared many times... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Network neuroscience Theories Network_neuroscience > Cognitive function > Theories Cognitive function is a term that encompasses mental processes involved in the acquisition of knowledge, manipulation of information, and reasoning. The typical domains categorized as cognitive function are perception (including sensory ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Cluster headache Summary Cluster_headache Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye(s). There is often accompanying eye watering, nasal congestion, or swelling around the eye on the affected side. These symptoms typical... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Reachability matrix Floyd–Warshall Algorithm Reachability_matrix > Algorithms > Floyd–Warshall Algorithm The Floyd–Warshall algorithm can be used to compute the transitive closure of any directed graph, which gives rise to the reachability relation as in the definition, above. The algorithm requires O ( | V | 3 ) {\dis... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Neutralizing antibody Production Neutralizing_antibody > Production During an infection only antibodies that bind to the pathogenic antigen with high affinity are produced. This is achieved by clonal selection of a single B cell clone: B cells are recruited to the site of infection by sensing interferons that are relea... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Conical refraction Background: Uniaxial and biaxial crystals; Biot's laws Conical_refraction > Contributions to physical optics > Double refraction > Background: Uniaxial and biaxial crystals; Biot's laws }-v_{e}^{2}=k\sin ^{2}\theta \,,} where v o {\displaystyle v_{o}} and v e {\displaystyle v_{e}} were the ordinary a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Turing's proof Summary of the proofs Turing's_proof > Summary of the proofs .) is "circle-free" (i.e. goes on printing its number in binary ad infinitum): "...we have no general process for doing this in a finite number of steps" (p. 132, ibid.). Turing's proof, although it seems to use the "diagonal process", in fact ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Unital ring Summary Unit_ring Examples of noncommutative rings include the ring of n × n real square matrices with n ≥ 2, group rings in representation theory, operator algebras in functional analysis, rings of differential operators, and cohomology rings in topology. The conceptualization of rings spanned the 1870s to... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Data manipulation False causality Abuse_of_statistics > Types of misuse > False causality When a statistical test shows a correlation between A and B, there are usually six possibilities: A causes B. B causes A. A and B both partly cause each other. A and B are both caused by a third factor, C. B is caused by C which i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Epsilon, delta technique Limits at only one point Epsilon,_delta > Functions of a single variable > Examples > Limits at only one point The functions and both have a limit at x = 0 and it equals 0. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Skewes's number Riemann's formula Skewes's_number > Riemann's formula The reason why the Skewes number is so large is that these smaller terms are quite a lot smaller than the leading error term, mainly because the first complex zero of the zeta function has quite a large imaginary part, so a large number (several hund... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Polarity (mutual inductance) Terminal layout conventions Polarity_(mutual_inductance) > Terminal layout conventions Transformers are said to have "additive" or "subtractive" polarity based on their physical arrangement of terminals and the polarity of windings connected to the terminals. The convention used for North A... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Time hierarchy theorem Summary Time_hierarchy Note that the left-hand class involves little o notation, referring to the set of decision problems solvable in asymptotically less than f(n) time. The time hierarchy theorem for nondeterministic Turing machines was originally proven by Stephen Cook in 1972. It was improved... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
HVDC converter Summary HVDC_converter Almost all HVDC converters are inherently bi-directional; they can convert either from AC to DC (rectification) or from DC to AC (inversion). A complete HVDC system always includes at least one converter operating as a rectifier (converting AC to DC) and at least one operating as a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Damping torque Summary Damping_torque Damping torque or damping forces is the speed deviation of an electromechanical torque deviations of a machine while the angle deviation is called synchronizing torque . In a measuring instrument, the damping torque is necessary to bring the moving system to rest to indicate steady... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Induced cell cycle arrest Mitotic arrest Induced_cell_cycle_arrest > Mitotic arrest Mitosis is the final part of the cell cycle and follows interphase. It is composed of four phases - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase - and involves the condensation of the chromosomes in the nucleus, the dissolution of the n... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Earthquake location Summary Earthquake_location The epicenter (), epicentre, or epicentrum in seismology is the point on the Earth's surface directly above a hypocenter or focus, the point where an earthquake or an underground explosion originates. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
METIS Summary METIS METIS is a software package for graph partitioning that implements various multilevel algorithms. METIS' multilevel approach has three phases and comes with several algorithms for each phase: Coarsen the graph by generating a sequence of graphs G0, G1, ..., GN, where G0 is the original graph and for... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Weak nuclear interaction Violation of symmetry Weak_Interaction > Violation of symmetry The laws of nature were long thought to remain the same under mirror reflection. The results of an experiment viewed via a mirror were expected to be identical to the results of a separately constructed, mirror-reflected copy of the... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Secure Sockets Layer Other uses Secure_Socket_Layer > Applications and adoption > Other uses The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) can also be protected by TLS. These applications use public key certificates to verify the identity of endpoints. TLS can also be used for tunnelling an entire network stack to create a ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Abrupt climate change Climate feedback effects Rapid_climate_change > Climate feedback effects One source of abrupt climate change effects is a feedback process, in which a warming event causes a change that adds to further warming. The same can apply to cooling. Examples of such feedback processes are: Ice–albedo feed... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Linkage Editor Overview Linking_loader > Overview But for a shared library, the entire library has to be loaded during runtime as it is not known which functions or methods will be called during runtime. Library linking may thus be an iterative process, with some referenced modules requiring additional modules to be li... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Functional Programming History Functional_language > History Burstall, MacQueen and Sannella then incorporated the polymorphic type checking from ML to produce the language Hope. ML eventually developed into several dialects, the most common of which are now OCaml and Standard ML. In the 1970s, Guy L. Steele and Gerald... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase Summary Phosphoribosylglycinamide_formyltransferase AMP is a building block for important energy carriers such as ATP, NAD+ and FAD, and signaling molecules such as cAMP. GARTfase's role in de novo purine biosynthesis makes it a target for anti-cancer drugs and its overexpres... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Level 3 autonomous driving History Autonomous_cars > History Experiments have been conducted on automated driver assistance systems (ADAS) since at least the 1920s; trials began in the 1950s. The first semi-autonomous car was developed in 1977, by Japan's Tsukuba Mechanical Engineering Laboratory. It required specially... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Formation constant Classification of metal ions Macrocyclic_effect > Factors affecting the stability constants of complexes > Classification of metal ions In general terms hard–hard interactions are predominantly electrostatic in nature whereas soft–soft interactions are predominantly covalent in nature. The HSAB theor... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Hash table History Hash_table > History The idea of hashing arose independently in different places. In January 1953, Hans Peter Luhn wrote an internal IBM memorandum that used hashing with chaining. Open addressing was later proposed by A. D. Linh building on Luhn's paper. : 15 Around the same time, Gene Amdahl, Elain... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Inclusion (education) Common practices in inclusive classrooms Inclusion_(education) > Common practices in inclusive classrooms Students in an inclusive classroom are generally placed with their chronological age-mates, regardless of whether the students are working above or below the typical academic level for their a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
N-Body Problem Singularities of the n-body problem N-Body_Problem > Analytic approaches > Singularities of the n-body problem There can be two types of singularities of the n-body problem: collisions of two or more bodies, but for which q(t) (the bodies' positions) remains finite. (In this mathematical sense, a "collis... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Absolute molar mass History Absolute_molar_mass > History This is the basis of universal calibration which requires a viscometer to measure the intrinsic viscosity of the polymers. Universal calibration was shown to work for branched polymers, copolymers as well as starburst polymers. For good chromatography, there mus... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Lactose permease Summary Lactose_permease Glutamine residues in positions 241 and 359 guide the sugar towards Phe 27, which brings the substrate to Gln 126 where it is firmly fixed. Carefully positioned amino acids help the substrate to overcome the energy barrier of around 20 kJ/molMechanism: hydronium ions from the o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Immune complex diseases Summary Type_III_hypersensitivity The second step is immune complex deposition, during which the complexes leave the plasma and are deposited into tissues. Finally, the third step is the inflammatory reaction, during which the classical pathway is activated and macrophages and neutrophils are re... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
Smooth map Relation to analyticity Smooth_functions > Other concepts > Relation to analyticity It is useful to compare the situation to that of the ubiquity of transcendental numbers on the real line. Both on the real line and the set of smooth functions, the examples we come up with at first thought (algebraic/rationa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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