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Catalyst Inhibitors, poisons, and promoters Catalyst > Inhibitors, poisons, and promoters Without the deactivation of the catalyst, the alkene produced would be further hydrogenated to alkane.The inhibitor can produce this effect by, e.g., selectively poisoning only certain types of active sites. Another mechanism is t... |
Social exchange theory Power dependence relations Social_exchange_theory > Modes of exchange > Power dependence relations Several definitions of power have been offered by exchange theorists. For instance, some theorists view power as distinct from exchanges, some view it as a kind of exchange and others believe power ... |
Procalcitonin Meningitis Procalcitonin > Medical uses > Meningitis It can also be of use in determining viral meningitis versus bacterial meningitis. These findings are the result of a 2018 literature review. This followed a 2015 meta analysis that showed that PCT had a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 98% in ju... |
Instruction Set Simulator Implementation Instruction_Set_Simulator > Implementation This only works for same-on-same instruction-set simulation, such as running x86 simulators on x86 hosts, or ARM simulators on ARM hosts.An ISS is often provided with (or is itself) a debugger in order for a software engineer/programmer... |
Natural gas reserves Resource estimates Gas_reserves > Reserves and resource reporting > Resource estimates Resource estimates are undiscovered volumes, or volumes that have not yet been drilled and flowed to surface. A non-reserve resource, by definition, does not have to be technically or commercially recoverable and... |
Function evaluation Functional notation Bivariate_function > Notation > Functional notation In functional notation, the function is immediately given a name, such as f {\displaystyle f} , and its definition is given by what f {\displaystyle f} does to the explicit argument x {\displaystyle x} , using a formula in terms... |
Gene cluster Summary Gene_cluster A gene family is a set of homologous genes within one organism. A gene cluster is a group of two or more genes found within an organism's DNA that encode similar polypeptides, or proteins, which collectively share a generalized function and are often located within a few thousand base ... |
Chemotherapy Treatment strategies Chemotherapy > Treatment strategies : 55–59 It is also useful in killing any cancerous cells that have spread to other parts of the body. These micrometastases can be treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and can reduce relapse rates caused by these disseminated cells. |
Subderivative The subgradient Subderivative > The subgradient The set of all subgradients at x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} is called the subdifferential at x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} and is again denoted ∂ f ( x 0 ) {\displaystyle \partial f(x_{0})} . The subdifferential is always a convex closed set. It can be an empty set... |
Nerve guidance conduit Ectomesenchymal stem cells Nerve_guidance_conduits > Cellular therapies > Stem cells > Ectomesenchymal stem cells They can be thought of as Schwann progenitor cells because they are associated with dorsal root ganglion and motor nerve development. EMSC differentiation appears to be regulated by i... |
Falling (sensation) Summary Falling_(sensation) The vestibular apparatus also detects spatial orientation with respect to visual input. A similar sensation of falling can be induced when the eyes detect rapid apparent motion with respect to the environment. This system enables people to keep their balance by signalling... |
Approximate Bayesian Computation Choice and sufficiency of summary statistics Approximate_Bayesian_Computation > Pitfalls and remedies > Choice and sufficiency of summary statistics Methods for the identification of summary statistics that could also simultaneously assess the influence on the approximation of the poste... |
Poisson’s equation Electrostatics Poisson's_Equation > Electrostatics The derivation of Poisson's equation under these circumstances is straightforward. Substituting the potential gradient for the electric field, directly produces Poisson's equation for electrostatics, which is Solving Poisson's equation for the potent... |
Influence machine Summary Electrostatic_machine An electrostatic generator, or electrostatic machine, is an electrical generator that produces static electricity, or electricity at high voltage and low continuous current. The knowledge of static electricity dates back to the earliest civilizations, but for millennia it... |
Velocity Prediction Program Methodology Velocity_Prediction_Program > Methodology VPPs are iterative programs which require educated guesses of initial parameters to begin operating. Generally VPPs are composed of two mechanisms, a boat model and a solution algorithm. Initial guesses of parameters including boat speed ... |
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer Risk of cancer Hereditary_nonpolyposis_colorectal_cancer > Signs and symptoms > Risk of cancer Lifetime risk and mean age at diagnosis for Lynch syndrome associated cancers In addition to the types of cancer found in the chart above, it is understood that Lynch syndrome also co... |
Learning classifier system Advantages Classifier_system > Advantages Ensemble Learner: No single model is applied to a given instance that universally provides a prediction. Instead a relevant and often conflicting set of rules contribute a 'vote' which can be interpreted as a fuzzy prediction. Stochastic Learner: Non-... |
IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry Simple ionic compounds Inorganic_nomenclature > Traditional naming > Simple ionic compounds An ionic compound is named by its cation followed by its anion. See polyatomic ion for a list of possible ions. For cations that take on multiple charges, the charge is written using Rom... |
Chemical yield Theoretical, actual, and percent yields Yield_(chemistry) > Theoretical, actual, and percent yields According to Whitten, the actual yield is always smaller (the percent yield is less than 100%), often very much so, for several reasons. : 95 As a result, many reactions are incomplete and the reactants ar... |
Volumetric analysis Redox titrations Back_titration > Particular uses > Redox titrations During this type of titration, glucose reduces cupric ions to cuprous ions which react with potassium thiocyanate to produce a white precipitate, indicating the endpoint. Bromine number: A measure of unsaturation in an analyte, exp... |
Growth velocity Quantitative definitions Growth_chart > Quantitative definitions Alternatively, TH can be expressed in standard deviation scores (SDS), with TH_SDS = (mother’s height_SDS + father’s height_SDS) / 2. Yet, this calculation is incorrect as it needs adjustment to mid-population height. It is suggested to us... |
Ion Optics Multipole lenses Electrostatic_lens > Multipole lenses Multipoles beyond the quadrupole can correct for spherical aberration and in particle accelerators the dipole bending magnets are really composed of a large number of elements with different superpositions of multipoles. Usually the dependency is given f... |
Functional polymers Classification and chemistry Smart_polymer > Classification and chemistry Hydrophilic, amorphous, low-molecular-weight polymers containing heteroatoms (i.e., atoms other than carbon) have been found to degrade fastest. Scientists control the rate of drug delivery by varying these properties thus adj... |
Predictive engineering analytics The use of new materials and manufacturing methods Predictive_engineering_analytics > Industry needs > The use of new materials and manufacturing methods To achieve reduced costs or fuel economy, manufacturers need to continually consider adopting new materials and corresponding manufac... |
Open problems in physics Philosophy of physics Open_problems_in_physics > Philosophy of physics Interpretation of quantum mechanics: How does the quantum description of reality, which includes elements such as the superposition of states and wavefunction collapse or quantum decoherence, give rise to the reality we perc... |
Mir-19 microRNA precursor family Expression Mir-19_microRNA_precursor_family > Expression MiR-17-92 cluster was identified to encode 6 single mature miRNA (miR-17, , miR-19, miR-20, miR-92, miR-106) containing the first oncogenic miRNA. MicroRNA from miR-19 family can be expressed from: * T-cell acute lymphoblastic leu... |
Nucleopore filter Summary Nucleopore_filter A nuclepore filter (brand name Nuclepore from Whatman, part of GE Healthcare) is a kind of filter in which holes a few micrometres in size have been created in a plastic (e.g. polycarbonate) membrane. These filters are generally created by exposing the membrane to radiation t... |
Neurogenic shock Pathophysiology Neurogenic_shock > Pathophysiology Neurogenic shock is diagnosed based on a person's symptoms and blood pressure levels. Neurogenic shock's presentation includes:- warm and pink skin - labored breathing - low blood pressure - dizziness - anxiety - history of trauma to head or upper spin... |
Mir-7 microRNA precursor Summary Mir-7_microRNA_precursor This family represents the microRNA (miRNA) precursor mir-7. This miRNA has been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide range of species. miRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide precursors (modelled here) and subsequently processed by the Dicer enzyme ... |
Electrocatalyst Background and theory Electrocatalyst > Background and theory Selectivity can be quantitatively assessed through a selectivity coefficient, which compares the response of the material to the desired analyte or substrate with the response to other interferents.In many electrochemical systems, including g... |
Regular semantics Summary Regular_semantics Regular semantics is a computing term which describes one type of guarantee provided by a data register shared by several processors in a parallel machine or in a network of computers working together. Regular semantics are defined for a variable with a single writer but mult... |
NitrosBase Implementation details NitrosBase > Implementation details The internal graph model is close to RDF* which is used in Blazegraph and Amazon Neptune. That allows it to treat the internal data graph both as RDF graph and as Property Graph, performing queries both in SPARQL and Gremlin-style languages. Instead ... |
Object composition Programming technique Object_composition > Programming technique Object-oriented programming is based on objects to encapsulate data and behavior. It uses two main techniques for assembling and composing functionality into more complex ones, sub-typing and object composition. Object composition is ab... |
Cancer epigenetics Histone modification Cancer_epigenetics > Mechanisms > Histone modification In this field, there is growing interest in mapping changes in histone modifications and their possible consequences.DNA damage, caused by UV light, ionizing radiation, environmental toxins, and metabolic chemicals, can also ... |
Mood disturbance Depressive disorders Mood_disorder > Classification > Depressive disorders Depressive personality disorder is currently described in Appendix B in the DSM-IV-TR as worthy of further study.Recurrent brief depression (RBD), distinguished from major depressive disorder primarily by differences in duration... |
Evaluation Standards Evaluation > Standards Such review is required of significant (determined in terms of cost or sensitivity) evaluations. The review is based on quality of work and the degree to which a demonstrable link is provided between findings and recommendations. Transparency requires that stakeholders are aw... |
Third law of thermodynamics Systems with non-zero entropy at absolute zero Third_law_of_thermodynamics > Explanation > Systems with non-zero entropy at absolute zero Only ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and diamagnetic materials can satisfy this condition. However, ferromagnetic materials do not, in fact, have zero e... |
Tuberculous pericarditis Summary Tuberculous_pericarditis Tuberculous pericarditis is a form of pericarditis. Pericarditis caused by tuberculosis is difficult to diagnose, because definitive diagnosis requires culturing Mycobacterium tuberculosis from aspirated pericardial fluid or pericardial biopsy, which requires hi... |
Policy iteration Constrained Markov decision processes Markov_Decision_Processes > Constrained Markov decision processes Constrained Markov decision processes (CMDPS) are extensions to Markov decision process (MDPs). There are three fundamental differences between MDPs and CMDPs. There are multiple costs incurred after... |
Mammary ductal carcinoma Staging Mammary_ductal_carcinoma > Diagnosis > Staging Pathologic staging is considered more accurate, but clinical staging can give useful information to determine treatment plans prior to surgical efforts. Both clinical and pathologic staging use the TNM staging system, which take into accoun... |
C Language "Hello, world" example C_Language > "Hello, world" example The closing curly brace indicates the end of the code for the main function. According to the C99 specification and newer, the main function, unlike any other function, will implicitly return a value of 0 upon reaching the } that terminates the funct... |
Secure multiparty computation Two-party computation Secure_multi-party_computation > Protocols > Two-party computation The function is viewed as a Boolean circuit, with inputs in binary of fixed length. A Boolean circuit is a collection of gates connected with three different types of wires: circuit-input wires, circui... |
Laser Doppler anemometry Operating principles Laser_Doppler_velocimetry > Operating principles Particles passing through this volume will scatter light from the measurement beam with a Doppler shift; a portion of this light is collected by the receiving optics and transferred to the photodetector. The reference beam is... |
Probability Applications Probability > Applications The theory of behavioral finance emerged to describe the effect of such groupthink on pricing, on policy, and on peace and conflict.In addition to financial assessment, probability can be used to analyze trends in biology (e.g., disease spread) as well as ecology (e.g... |
Water gas shift reaction Reaction conditions Water_gas_shift_reaction > Reaction conditions The equilibrium of this reaction shows a significant temperature dependence and the equilibrium constant decreases with an increase in temperature, that is, higher hydrogen formation is observed at lower temperatures. |
Pseudobulbar affect Multiple sclerosis Pseudobulbar_affect > Causes > Multiple sclerosis Recent studies suggest that approximately 10% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) will experience at least one episode of emotional lability. PBA is generally associated with later stages of the disease (chronic progressive ph... |
Trajectory inference Dimensionality Reduction Trajectory_inference > Methods > Dimensionality Reduction The data produced by single-cell RNA-seq can consist of thousands of cells each with expression levels recorded across thousands of genes. In order to efficiently process data with such high dimensionality many traje... |
Telomerase reverse transcriptase Regulation Telomerase_reverse_transcriptase > Regulation Another form of up-regulation is through demethylation of histones proximal to the promoter region, imitating the low density of trimethylated histones seen in embryonic stem cells. This allows for the recruitment of histone acety... |
Magnetic diffusion Equation Magnetic_diffusion > Equation The latter acts as a dissipation term, resulting in a loss of magnetic field energy to heat. The relative importance of the two terms is characterized by the magnetic Reynolds number, R m {\displaystyle R_{m}} . In the case of a non-uniform conductivity the magn... |
Chronic stress Symptoms Chronic_stress > Symptoms People may experience anxiety, depression, sadness, anger, irritability, social isolation, headache, menstrual problems, abdominal pain, back pain and difficulty concentrating. |
Arachidonic acid Brain Arachidonic_acid > In the body > Brain Among other things, arachidonic acid helps to maintain hippocampal cell membrane fluidity. It also helps protect the brain from oxidative stress by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. AA also activates syntaxin-3 (STX-3), a protein i... |
Glycogen synthase Regulation Glycogen_synthase > Regulation The enzyme also cleaves the ester bond between the C1 position of glucose and the pyrophosphate of UDP itself. The control of glycogen synthase is a key step in regulating glycogen metabolism and glucose storage. Glycogen synthase is directly regulated by glyc... |
Distributed processing Models Distributed_processing > Theoretical foundations > Models Many tasks that we would like to automate by using a computer are of question–answer type: we would like to ask a question and the computer should produce an answer. In theoretical computer science, such tasks are called computation... |
Stackdriver Summary Stackdriver Google Stackdriver was a cloud computing systems management service offered by Google. It provided performance and diagnostics data (in the form of monitoring, logging, tracing, error reporting, and alerting) to public cloud users. Stackdriver was a multi-cloud solution, providing suppor... |
Monte-Carlo method Monte Carlo and random numbers Monte-Carlo_simulation > Definitions > Monte Carlo and random numbers What this means depends on the application, but typically they should pass a series of statistical tests. Testing that the numbers are uniformly distributed or follow another desired distribution when... |
Thermosynthesis Summary Thermosynthesis Thermosynthesis is a theoretical mechanism proposed by Anthonie Muller for biological use of the free energy in a temperature gradient to drive energetically uphill anabolic reactions. It makes use of this thermal gradient, or the dissipative structure of convection in this gradi... |
Eye tracker Commercial eye tracking Eye_tracker > References > Commercial eye tracking Pieters, R.; Wedel, M. (2007). "Goal Control of Visual Attention to Advertising: The Yarbus Implication". Journal of Consumer Research. |
Torsional rigidity Relationship to elasticity Stiffness > Relationship to elasticity The elastic modulus of a material is not the same as the stiffness of a component made from that material. Elastic modulus is a property of the constituent material; stiffness is a property of a structure or component of a structure, a... |
Interlimb coordination Parkinson's disease Interlimb_coordination > Future medical application related to interlimb coordination > Parkinson's disease Furthermore, repeated adaptations of the gait pattern may improve the flexible adaptation of the movement to new tasks and may train motor switching, which could potenti... |
Isaac Newton Gravity Isaac_Newton > Mid-life > Gravity In 1679, Newton returned to his work on celestial mechanics by considering gravitation and its effect on the orbits of planets with reference to Kepler's laws of planetary motion. This followed stimulation by a brief exchange of letters in 1679–80 with Hooke, who h... |
Pulmonary oedema Non-cardiogenic Pulmonary_oedema > Types > Non-cardiogenic Neurogenic causes (seizures, head trauma, strangulation, electrocution). Pulmonary embolismAcute lung injury may also cause pulmonary edema directly through injury to the vasculature and parenchyma of the lung. It includes acute lung injury and... |
Quantum limit Displacement measurement Standard_quantum_limit > Examples > Displacement measurement }} due to back action also satisfy the uncertainty relation: Δ x m e a s Δ p b . a . ≥ ℏ 2 . |
History of cell membrane theory Fluid mosaic model History_of_cell_membrane_theory > Fluid mosaic model They fused two cells labeled with different membrane-bound fluorescent tags and watched as the two dye populations mixed. The results of this experiment were key in the development of the "fluid mosaic" model of the ... |
Trophic function Summary Trophic_function In economics, "predator" and "prey" become various economic parameters such as prices and outputs of goods in various linked sectors such as processing and supply. These relationships, in turn, were found to behave similarly to the magnitudes in chemical kinetics, where the mol... |
Linear probing Choice of hash function Linear_probing > Choice of hash function The numbers from those table cells are then combined by a bitwise exclusive or operation. Hash functions constructed this way are only 3-independent. Nevertheless, linear probing using these hash functions takes constant expected time per o... |
DOT pictograms Summary DOT_pictograms The DOT pictograms are a set of fifty pictograms used to convey information useful to travelers without using words. Such images are often used in airports, train stations, hotels, and other public places for foreign tourists, as well as being easier to identify than strings of tex... |
Pathology Histopathology Pathology > General pathology > Anatomical pathology > Histopathology To see the tissue under a microscope, the sections are stained with one or more pigments. The aim of staining is to reveal cellular components; counterstains are used to provide contrast. Histochemistry refers to the science ... |
Digital integrated circuit History Digital_circuits > History The MOSFET's advantages include high scalability, affordability, low power consumption, and high transistor density. Its rapid on–off electronic switching speed also makes it ideal for generating pulse trains, the basis for electronic digital signals, in con... |
Asymptotology Principles Asymptotology > Principles The field of asymptotics is normally first encountered in school geometry with the introduction of the asymptote, a line to which a curve tends at infinity. The word Ασύμπτωτος (asymptotos) in Greek means non-coincident and puts strong emphasis on the point that appro... |
Distributed Hash Table Overlay network Distributed_Hash_Table > Structure > Overlay network All DHT topologies share some variant of the most essential property: for any key k, each node either has a node ID that owns k or has a link to a node whose node ID is closer to k, in terms of the keyspace distance defined abov... |
QuakeC Modified compilers and language extensions QuakeC > Modified compilers and language extensions In 1999, when id Software released the code from Quake's engine under the GNU General Public License (GPL), the workings of the bytecode interpreter were examined and new QuakeC compilers were released, such as J.P. Gr... |
Coefficient of static friction Coefficient of friction Angle_of_friction > Dry friction > Coefficient of friction The coefficient of friction (COF), often symbolized by the Greek letter µ, is a dimensionless scalar value which equals the ratio of the force of friction between two bodies and the force pressing them toge... |
Current Medicinal Chemistry Summary Current_Medicinal_Chemistry Current Medicinal Chemistry is a peer-reviewed medical journal published by Bentham Science Publishers. The editor-in-chief is Atta-ur-Rahman, FRS (Kings College University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK). The journal covers developments in medicinal chemistry... |
Disc integration Function of y Disc_integration > Definition > Function of y If the function to be revolved is a function of y, the following integral will obtain the volume of the solid of revolution: π ∫ c d R ( y ) 2 d y {\displaystyle \pi \int _{c}^{d}R(y)^{2}\,dy} where R(y) is the distance between the function an... |
Soil texture classification Laser Diffraction Soil_texture_classification > Methodology > Laser Diffraction Laser diffraction is a measurement technique for determining the particle size distribution of samples, either dispersed in a liquid or as a dry powder. The technique is based on light waves getting bent when enc... |
Casimir vacuum Papers, books and lectures Dynamical_Casimir_Effect > Further reading > Papers, books and lectures Downling, J. P. (1989). "The Mathematics of the Casimir Effect". |
Least significant digit Relationship to accuracy and precision in measurement Most_significant_digit > Relationship to accuracy and precision in measurement Traditionally, in various technical fields, "accuracy" refers to the closeness of a given measurement to its true value; "precision" refers to the stability of tha... |
Graph of desire Graph Graph_of_desire > Graph The graph of desire was first proposed in a 1960 colloquium, and was later published in the Ecrits. It depends on ideas developed originally in Lacan's Schema R, a graph in which fundamental organising structures of the human mind are shown in a schematic relationship to th... |
Colligative property Osmotic pressure Colligative_Properties > Osmotic pressure The osmotic pressure of a solution is the difference in pressure between the solution and the pure liquid solvent when the two are in equilibrium across a semipermeable membrane, which allows the passage of solvent molecules but not of solu... |
Ploidy Haploid and monoploid Ploidy > Types of ploidy > Haploid and monoploid The term haploid is used with two distinct but related definitions. In the most generic sense, haploid refers to having the number of sets of chromosomes normally found in a gamete. Because two gametes necessarily combine during sexual reprod... |
Functional organization Summary Functional_organization Functional organization is a type of organizational structure that uses the principle of specialization based on function or role. It allows decisions to be decentralized since issues are delegated to specialized persons or units, leaving them the responsibility o... |
Structural complexity (applied mathematics) Literature Structural_complexity_(applied_mathematics) > Literature ISBN 978-0-201-56717-5. OCLC 24374484. Nicolis, G (1989). |
Born–Haber cycle Summary Born–Haber_cycle This lattice calculation is complex. To make gaseous ions from elements it is necessary to atomise the elements (turn each into gaseous atoms) and then to ionise the atoms. If the element is normally a molecule then we first have to consider its bond dissociation enthalpy (see ... |
Column-oriented database Row-oriented systems Columnar_database > Description > Row-oriented systems If the index is heavily used, it can dramatically reduce the time for common operations. However, maintaining indexes adds overhead to the system, especially when new data is written to the database. Records not only ne... |
On the coloured light of the binary stars and some other stars of the heavens Content On_the_coloured_light_of_the_binary_stars_and_some_other_stars_of_the_heavens > Content The same goes for sound and light. § 3 Doppler derives his equations for the frequency shift, in two cases: § 4 Doppler provides imaginary example... |
Noble gas compounds Fullerene adducts Noble_gas_compound > Fullerene adducts Noble gases can also form endohedral fullerene compounds where the noble gas atom is trapped inside a fullerene molecule. In 1993, it was discovered that when C60 is exposed to a pressure of around 3 bar of He or Ne, the complexes He@C60 and N... |
Spreading resistance profiling Summary Spreading_resistance_profiling Spreading resistance profiling (SRP), also known as spreading resistance analysis (SRA), is a technique used to analyze resistivity versus depth in semiconductors. Semiconductor devices depend on the distribution of carriers (electrons or holes) with... |
Power transmission Summary Power_transmission Power transmission is the movement of energy from its place of generation to a location where it is applied to perform useful work. Power is defined formally as units of energy per unit time. In SI units: watt = joule second = newton × meter second {\displaystyle {\text{wat... |
Admissible heuristic Optimality proof Admissible_heuristic > Optimality proof As an example, let us say we have costs as follows:(the cost above/below a node is the heuristic, the cost at an edge is the actual cost) 0 10 0 100 0 START ---- O ----- GOAL | | 0| |100 | | O ------- O ------ O 100 1 100 1 100 So clearly we ... |
Traffic light control and coordination Coordinated control Traffic_light_control_and_coordination > Types of control > Coordinated control A graphical representation of phase state on a two-axis plane of distance versus time clearly shows a "green band" that has been established based on signalized intersection spacing... |
Renewable Energy Transition Drivers for current energy transition Green_transition > Drivers for current energy transition In non-electrified rural areas, the deployment of solar mini-grids can significantly improve electricity access. Employment opportunities by the green transition are associated with the use of rene... |
Traditional Ecological Knowledge Climate change Traditional_Ecological_Knowledge > Climate change The combination of the rise in temperatures and change in precipitation levels affects plant growth locations. The warming also affects insects and animals. The change in temperatures can affect many aspects from the times... |
Structure (mathematical logic) Structures that are proper classes Interpretation_function > Other generalizations > Structures that are proper classes In the study of set theory and category theory, it is sometimes useful to consider structures in which the domain of discourse is a proper class instead of a set. These ... |
Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics) One particle Hamiltonian_(quantum_theory) > Schrödinger Hamiltonian > One particle By analogy with classical mechanics, the Hamiltonian is commonly expressed as the sum of operators corresponding to the kinetic and potential energies of a system in the form where is the potential energy ... |
Bohr-Einstein debates Bohr's response Bohr-Einstein_debates > Post-revolution: First stage > Bohr's response This ambiguity would later come back in the form of what is still called today the measurement problem. However, Bohr in his article refuting the EPR paper, states “there is no question of a mechanical disturban... |
Veronika Hubeny Selected works Veronika_Hubeny > Selected works Horowitz, Gary T.; Hubeny, Veronika E. (2000). "Quasinormal modes of AdS black holes and the approach to thermal equilibrium". Physical Review D. |
Gambling mathematics Standard deviation Gaming_mathematics > Expectation and strategy > Standard deviation The standard deviation for the even-money Roulette bet is one of the lowest out of all casinos games. Most games, particularly slots, have extremely high standard deviations. As the size of the potential payouts i... |
Effects of fatigue on safety Factors Effects_of_fatigue_on_safety > Factors The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration identifies three main factors in driver fatigue: Circadian rhythm effects, sleep deprivation and cumulative fatigue effects, and industrial or "time-on-task" fatigue. Circadian rhythm effects desc... |
Structuralism In linguistics Structuralism > In linguistics a signifié '(signified'): the concept or meaning of the word.This differed from previous approaches that focused on the relationship between words and the things in the world that they designate.Although not fully developed by Saussure, other key notions in st... |
Maximum-likelihood estimation Discrete distribution, continuous parameter space Maximum_likelihood_principle > Examples > Discrete distribution, continuous parameter space The first term is 0 when p = 0. The second is 0 when p = 1. The third is zero when p = 49⁄80. |
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