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question stringlengths 29 100	answers list	ctxs list	nq_annotated_gold dict
who sings two pints of lager and a packet of crisps	[ "Christian Henson", "Splodgenessabounds" ]	[ { "title": "Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps", "text": "The core cast was augmented by various recurring characters throughout the series, portrayed by Beverly Callard, Lee Oakes, Hayley Bishop, Alison Mac, Thomas Nelstrop, and Jonathon Dutton. The title was inspired by the 1980 hit single \"Two Pi...	{ "title": "Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps", "long_answer": "The core cast was augmented by various recurring characters throughout the series, portrayed by Beverly Callard, Lee Oakes, Hayley Bishop, Alison Mac, Thomas Nelstrop, and Jonathon Dutton. The title was inspired by the 1980 hit single \"Two Pin...
when did the apple iphone se come out	[ "March 31, 2016", "March 21, 2016" ]	[ { "title": "iPhone SE", "text": "The iPhone Special Edition (SE) is a smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc. as part of the iPhone series of devices. It was unveiled on March 21, 2016, at Apple's Cupertino headquarters, and was released on March 31, 2016. Despite chronologically succeeding the iPho...	{ "title": "iPhone SE", "long_answer": "The iPhone Special Edition (SE) is a smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc. as part of the iPhone series of devices. It was unveiled on March 21, 2016, at Apple's Cupertino headquarters, and was released on March 31, 2016. Despite chronologically succeeding the iPhone...
where do they put the tomb vampires in order to burn them during founders day	[ "the Gilbert building" ]	[ { "title": "List of The Vampire Diaries characters", "text": "the remaining tomb vampires, then reveals their plans to Damon – possibly to protect Jeremy. Damon warns her about the device; she is protecting Jeremy when John Gilbert sets it off, and was immediately incapacitated. A policeman finds her with J...	{ "title": "List of The Vampire Diaries characters", "long_answer": "On Founder's Day, Anna gives Jeremy a vial of her blood, telling him that if he drinks it he will die and become a vampire. She goes to the remaining tomb vampires, then reveals their plans to Damon – possibly to protect Jeremy. Damon warns her ab...
which government had more power under the articles of confederation	[ "the states", "states" ]	[ { "title": "Articles of Confederation", "text": "The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution. It was approved, after much debate (between July 17...	{ "title": "Articles of Confederation", "long_answer": "The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was an agreement among the 13 original states of the United States of America that served as its first constitution. It was approved, after much debate (between July 177...
when was the debating club established in almora	[ "1871 A.D.", "1871" ]	[ { "title": "Almora", "text": "In 1871 A.D. Pt. Buddhiballav Pant opened a debating club. When Sir William Muir, the then provincial Governor, came here he was highly pleased with the working of this club. It is said that he also advised to open a press here and publish a newspaper. Mr. Pant, as advised, op...	{ "title": "Almora", "long_answer": "In 1871 A.D. Pt. Buddhiballav Pant opened a debating club. When Sir William Muir, the then provincial Governor, came here he was highly pleased with the working of this club. It is said that he also advised to open a press here and publish a newspaper. Mr. Pant, as advised, open...
how many super bowl games has the patriots played in	[ "10", "ten", "ten times" ]	[ { "title": "New England Patriots", "text": "The Patriots have appeared in the Super Bowl ten times in franchise history, the most of any team, eight of them since the arrival of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady in 2000. The Patriots have since become one of the most successful teams in NF...	{ "title": "New England Patriots", "long_answer": "The Patriots have appeared in the Super Bowl ten times in franchise history, the most of any team, eight of them since the arrival of head coach Bill Belichick and quarterback Tom Brady in 2000. The Patriots have since become one of the most successful teams in NFL...
what is the minimum number of parties required to enter into a deed	[ "two parties" ]	[ { "title": "Real estate contract", "text": "the jurisdiction in which the land is located. Real estate called leasehold estate is actually a rental of real property such as an apartment, and leases (rental contracts) cover such rentals since they typically do not result in recordable deeds. Freehold (\"More...	{ "title": "Real estate contract", "long_answer": "A real estate contract is a contract between parties for the purchase and sale, exchange, or other conveyance of real estate. The sale of land is governed by the laws and practices of the jurisdiction in which the land is located. Real estate called leasehold estat...
when was the first underwater cable laid beneath the english channel	[ "1850" ]	[ { "title": "Transatlantic telegraph cable", "text": "William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone introduced their working telegraph in 1839. As early as 1840 Samuel F. B. Morse proclaimed his faith in the idea of a submarine line across the Atlantic Ocean. By 1850 a cable was run between England and France. That ...	{ "title": "Transatlantic telegraph cable", "long_answer": "William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone introduced their working telegraph in 1839. As early as 1840 Samuel F. B. Morse proclaimed his faith in the idea of a submarine line across the Atlantic Ocean. By 1850 a cable was run between England and France. That sa...
where is the setting for beauty and the beast	[ "Rococo-era France", "France" ]	[ { "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)", "text": "In Rococo-era France, an enchantress disguised as an old beggar woman arrives at a castle during a ball and offers the host, a coldhearted prince, a rose for shelter. When he refuses, she reveals her identity as an enchantress and transforms him into ...	{ "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 film)", "long_answer": "In Rococo-era France, an enchantress disguised as an old beggar woman arrives at a castle during a ball and offers the host, a coldhearted prince, a rose for shelter. When he refuses, she reveals her identity as an enchantress and transforms him into a ...
who plays lefou in beauty and the beast 1991	[ "Jesse Corti", "Venezuelan voice actor Jesse Corti" ]	[ { "title": "List of Disney's Beauty and the Beast characters", "text": "In the movie, Le Fou was voiced by Venezuelan voice actor Jesse Corti, who also voiced Le Fou in the Spanish-language dub of the film, making Le Fou one of the few characters to share the same voice actor in two different dubs of the mo...	{ "title": "List of Disney's Beauty and the Beast characters", "long_answer": "In the movie, Le Fou was voiced by Venezuelan voice actor Jesse Corti, who also voiced Le Fou in the Spanish-language dub of the film, making Le Fou one of the few characters to share the same voice actor in two different dubs of the mov...
where does the donkey talk in the bible	[ "Numbers 22:28" ]	[ { "title": "Balaam", "text": "God becomes angry that he went, and sends the Angel of the Lord (Numbers 22:22) to prevent him. At first, the angel is seen only by the donkey Balaam is riding, which tries to avoid the angel. After Balaam starts punishing the donkey for refusing to move, it is miraculously giv...	{ "title": "Balaam", "long_answer": "Balaam sends back word that he can only do what YHWH commands, and God has, via a nocturnal dream, told him not to go. Balak consequently sends higher-ranking priests and offers Balaam honours; Balaam continues to press God, and God finally permits him to go but with instruction...
who sang the most number of songs in the world	[ "Asha Bhosle" ]	[ { "title": "Playback singer", "text": "The sisters Lata Mangeshkar and Asha Bhosle, who have mainly worked in Hindi films, are often referred to as two of the best-known and most prolific playback singers in India. In 1991, Mangeshkar was cited by the Guinness Book of World Records for having sung more than...	{ "title": "Playback singer", "long_answer": "Mohammed Rafi and Ahmed Rushdi are regarded as two of the most influential playback singers in South Asia. The sisters Lata Mangeshkar and Asha Bhosle, who have mainly worked in Hindi films, are often referred to as two of the best-known and most prolific playback singe...
where did the ashes from ash wednesday originate	[ "Pope Gregory I the Great" ]	[ { "title": "Ash Wednesday", "text": "often by being marked on their foreheads as a visible cross. The words (based on Genesis 3:19) used traditionally to accompany this gesture are, \"Memento, homo, quia pulvis es, et in pulverem reverteris.\" (\"Remember, man, that thou art dust, and to dust thou shalt ret...	{ "title": "Ash Wednesday", "long_answer": "Ashes are ceremonially placed on the heads of Christians on Ash Wednesday, either by being sprinkled over their heads or, in English-speaking countries, more often by being marked on their foreheads as a visible cross. The words (based on Genesis 3:19) used traditionally ...
who sings it's my party and i cry if i want to	[ "Lesley Gore" ]	[ { "title": "It's My Party (Lesley Gore song)", "text": "\"It's My Party\" is a pop song recorded by multiple artists since the 1960s. In 1963, American singer Lesley Gore's version hit #1 on the pop and rhythm and blues charts in the United States. It was the first hit single for producer Quincy Jones.", ...	{ "title": "It's My Party (Lesley Gore song)", "long_answer": "\"It's My Party\" is a pop song recorded by multiple artists since the 1960s. In 1963, American singer Lesley Gore's version hit #1 on the pop and rhythm and blues charts in the United States. It was the first hit single for producer Quincy Jones.", "...
what are some elements that are similar to silver	[ "Roentgenium (Rg)", "copper (Cu)", "gold (Au)" ]	[ { "title": "Group 11 element", "text": "Group 11, by modern IUPAC numbering, is a group of chemical elements in the periodic table, consisting of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au). Roentgenium (Rg) is also placed in this group in the periodic table, although no chemical experiments have yet been carri...	{ "title": "Group 11 element", "long_answer": "Group 11, by modern IUPAC numbering, is a group of chemical elements in the periodic table, consisting of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au). Roentgenium (Rg) is also placed in this group in the periodic table, although no chemical experiments have yet been carrie...
when was the chain first used for f1	[ "1978" ]	[ { "title": "The Chain", "text": "The BBC's Formula One coverage used the ending bass line as a theme tune from 1978 until the BBC's loss of TV rights to ITV Sport in 1997, thus making the song highly recognisable in the United Kingdom. On 29 March 2009 the song re-entered the UK Chart at #94 through downlo...	{ "title": "The Chain", "long_answer": "The BBC's Formula One coverage used the ending bass line as a theme tune from 1978 until the BBC's loss of TV rights to ITV Sport in 1997, thus making the song highly recognisable in the United Kingdom. On 29 March 2009 the song re-entered the UK Chart at #94 through download...
when was you'll never walk alone first released	[ "1945" ]	[ { "title": "You'll Never Walk Alone", "text": "\"You'll Never Walk Alone\" is a show tune from the 1945 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Carousel. In the second act of the musical, Nettie Fowler, the cousin of the female protagonist Julie Jordan, sings \"You'll Never Walk Alone\" to comfort and encourage Ju...	{ "title": "You'll Never Walk Alone", "long_answer": "\"You'll Never Walk Alone\" is a show tune from the 1945 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Carousel. In the second act of the musical, Nettie Fowler, the cousin of the female protagonist Julie Jordan, sings \"You'll Never Walk Alone\" to comfort and encourage Juli...
what year is the deer hunter set in	[ "late 1967", "1967" ]	[ { "title": "The Deer Hunter", "text": "In the small working class town of Clairton, Pennsylvania, in late 1967, steel workers Mike Vronsky, Steven Pushkov, and Nick Chevotarevich, with the support of their friends and co-workers Stan and Peter \"Axel\" Axelrod and local bar owner and friend John Welsh, prep...	{ "title": "The Deer Hunter", "long_answer": "In the small working class town of Clairton, Pennsylvania, in late 1967, steel workers Mike Vronsky, Steven Pushkov, and Nick Chevotarevich, with the support of their friends and co-workers Stan and Peter \"Axel\" Axelrod and local bar owner and friend John Welsh, prepa...
what is the number of cities in texas	[ "961" ]	[ { "title": "List of cities in Texas", "text": "Texas is a state located in the Southern United States. There are 961 cities in the sections below.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "Texas", "text": "...	{ "title": "List of cities in Texas", "long_answer": "Texas is a state located in the Southern United States. There are 961 cities in the sections below.", "chunked_long_answer": "Texas is a state located in the Southern United States. There are 961 cities in the sections below.", "short_answers": [ "961" ...
who did puerto rico belong to before the u.s	[ "Taíno", "indigenous Taíno people", "Spain" ]	[ { "title": "Puerto Rico", "text": "Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people, the island was claimed in 1493 by Christopher Columbus for Spain during his second voyage. Later it endured invasion attempts from the French, Dutch, and British. Four centuries of Spanish colonial government influenced ...	{ "title": "Puerto Rico", "long_answer": "Originally populated by the indigenous Taíno people, the island was claimed in 1493 by Christopher Columbus for Spain during his second voyage. Later it endured invasion attempts from the French, Dutch, and British. Four centuries of Spanish colonial government influenced t...
when does panic at the disco album come out	[ "December 15, 2017" ]	[ { "title": "Panic! at the Disco", "text": "On December 15, 2017, the band released their fourth live album All My Friends We're Glorious: Death of a Bachelor Live. The was released as a limited-edition double-vinyl and digital download. Five days later, the band released a non-album Christmas song titled \...	{ "title": "Panic! at the Disco", "long_answer": "On December 15, 2017, the band released their fourth live album All My Friends We're Glorious: Death of a Bachelor Live. The was released as a limited-edition double-vinyl and digital download. Five days later, the band released a non-album Christmas song titled \"F...
who plays dorian tyrell when he puts on the mask	[ "Peter Greene" ]	[ { "title": "The Mask (film)", "text": "Stanley Ipkiss (Jim Carrey) is a shy and unlucky bank clerk working at the local Edge City bank. He is frequently ridiculed by everyone around him, except for his Jack Russell Terrier Milo, and his co-worker and best friend Charlie Schumaker (Richard Jeni). Meanwhile, ...	{ "title": "The Mask (film)", "long_answer": "Stanley Ipkiss (Jim Carrey) is a shy and unlucky bank clerk working at the local Edge City bank. He is frequently ridiculed by everyone around him, except for his Jack Russell Terrier Milo, and his co-worker and best friend Charlie Schumaker (Richard Jeni). Meanwhile, g...
who holds the world record for the most world records	[ "Ashrita Furman" ]	[ { "title": "Ashrita Furman", "text": "Ashrita Furman (born Keith Furman, September 16, 1954) is a Guinness World Records record-breaker. As of 2017, Furman has set more than 600 official Guinness Records and currently holds more than 191 records, thus holding the most Guinness world records. He has been br...	{ "title": "Ashrita Furman", "long_answer": "Ashrita Furman (born Keith Furman, September 16, 1954) is a Guinness World Records record-breaker. As of 2017, Furman has set more than 600 official Guinness Records and currently holds more than 191 records, thus holding the most Guinness world records. He has been brea...
who sang on great gig in the sky	[ "Clare Torry", "Pink Floyd" ]	[ { "title": "The Great Gig in the Sky", "text": "\"The Great Gig in the Sky\" is the fifth track on The Dark Side of the Moon, the 1973 album by the English progressive rock band Pink Floyd. The song features music by Richard Wright and non-lexical vocals by Clare Torry.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold"...	{ "title": "The Great Gig in the Sky", "long_answer": "\"The Great Gig in the Sky\" is the fifth track on The Dark Side of the Moon, the 1973 album by the English progressive rock band Pink Floyd. The song features music by Richard Wright and non-lexical vocals by Clare Torry.", "chunked_long_answer": "\"The Grea...
what college does everyone in gossip girl go to	[ "New York University", "Columbia University" ]	[ { "title": "Gossip Girl", "text": "The third season focuses on Blair, Dan and Vanessa getting into New York University along with movie star Olivia Burke (Hilary Duff), whom Dan starts dating; Nate getting into Columbia University; Serena taking a year off from school; Jenny becoming Queen Bee at Constance;...	{ "title": "Gossip Girl", "long_answer": "The third season focuses on Blair, Dan and Vanessa getting into New York University along with movie star Olivia Burke (Hilary Duff), whom Dan starts dating; Nate getting into Columbia University; Serena taking a year off from school; Jenny becoming Queen Bee at Constance; ...
how many walker texas ranger seasons are there	[ "Eight", "8" ]	[ { "title": "Walker, Texas Ranger", "text": "Paul Haggis. It was inspired by the film Lone Wolf McQuade, with both this series and that film starring Chuck Norris as a member of the Texas Ranger Division. The show aired on CBS in the spring of 1993, with the first season consisting of three pilot episodes. E...	{ "title": "Walker, Texas Ranger", "long_answer": "Walker, Texas Ranger is an American crime action television series created by Leslie Greif and Paul Haggis. It was inspired by the film Lone Wolf McQuade, with both this series and that film starring Chuck Norris as a member of the Texas Ranger Division. The show a...
how many seasons of from dusk till dawn are there	[ "third season" ]	[ { "title": "From Dusk till Dawn: The Series", "text": "On October 26, 2015, it was renewed for a third season, which aired from September 6 to November 1, 2016. While the series is currently unconfirmed as cancelled, Deadline.com has reported that the actors have been released from their contracts as of Oc...	{ "title": "From Dusk till Dawn: The Series", "long_answer": "On October 26, 2015, it was renewed for a third season, which aired from September 6 to November 1, 2016. While the series is currently unconfirmed as cancelled, Deadline.com has reported that the actors have been released from their contracts as of Octo...
when is the last time the dolphins went to the superbowl	[ "Super Bowl XIX", "1984" ]	[ { "title": "Miami Dolphins", "text": "Bowl VI, but lost to the Dallas Cowboys, 24–3. The following year, the Dolphins completed the NFL's only perfect season culminating in a Super Bowl win, winning all 14 of their regular-season games, both of their NFL playoff games, and also Super Bowl VII. The 1972 Dolp...	{ "title": "Miami Dolphins", "long_answer": "The team made its first Super Bowl appearance in Super Bowl VI, but lost to the Dallas Cowboys, 24–3. The following year, the Dolphins completed the NFL's only perfect season culminating in a Super Bowl win, winning all 14 of their regular-season games, both of their NFL...
who is responsible for introducing the principle of uniformitarianism	[ "James Hutton", "geologist James Hutton", "William Whewell" ]	[ { "title": "Uniformitarianism", "text": "\"the present is the key to the past\" (that events occur at the same rate now as they have always done); many geologists now, however, no longer hold to a strict theory of gradualism. Coined by William Whewell, the word was proposed in contrast to catastrophism by B...	{ "title": "Uniformitarianism", "long_answer": "In geology, uniformitarianism has included the gradualistic concept that \"the present is the key to the past\" (that events occur at the same rate now as they have always done); many geologists now, however, no longer hold to a strict theory of gradualism. Coined by ...
who was the last nba player to get drafted out of high school	[ "Thon Maker" ]	[ { "title": "NBA high school draftees", "text": "the 52nd pick in the draft, thus becoming the first high school student to be drafted since the rule changes. In the 2016 draft, one of the Top–10 players that was declared eligible for NCAA play in 2016, Thon Maker, decided to enter the draft instead as a pos...	{ "title": "NBA high school draftees", "long_answer": "The terms of the new agreement ended the practice of drafting high school players, starting in the 2006 Draft. A high school player must wait at least a year to be eligible for selection. However, they are not required to spend that year in college. In 2008, hi...
when did the astros change from the national league to the american league	[ "2013", "March 31, 2013" ]	[ { "title": "Houston Astros", "text": "The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas. The Astros compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) West division, having moved to the division in 2013 after spending their first 51 season...	{ "title": "Houston Astros", "long_answer": "The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas. The Astros compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) West division, having moved to the division in 2013 after spending their first 51 seasons...
how many kilometers of great wall of china	[ "8,850 km", "21,196 km" ]	[ { "title": "Great Wall of China", "text": "along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 km (5,500 mi). This is made up of 6,259 km (3,889 mi) sections of actual wa...	{ "title": "Great Wall of China", "long_answer": "The Great Wall stretches from Dandong in the east to Lop Lake in the west, along an arc that roughly delineates the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. A comprehensive archaeological survey, using advanced technologies, has concluded that the Ming walls measure 8,850 k...
what is the name of the restaurant in seinfeld	[ "Monk’s", "Monk's Café" ]	[ { "title": "Monk's Café", "text": "Monk's Café is a fictional coffee shop from the NBC sitcom Seinfeld.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "The Cafe (Seinfeld)", "text": "The Cafe (Seinfeld) \"The Caf...	{ "title": "Monk's Café", "long_answer": "Monk's Café is a fictional coffee shop from the NBC sitcom Seinfeld.", "chunked_long_answer": "Monk's Café is a fictional coffee shop from the NBC sitcom Seinfeld.", "short_answers": [ "Monk's Café" ] }
when did the log flume closed at alton towers	[ "10 October 2015", "2015" ]	[ { "title": "The Flume (Alton Towers)", "text": "The Flume was a Log Flume at Alton Towers in Staffordshire. It opened in 1981 and was rethemed in 2004 coinciding with its sponsorship by Imperial Leather. The ride was a bath time themed log flume with three drops. It was the longest log flume attraction in t...	{ "title": "The Flume (Alton Towers)", "long_answer": "The Flume was a Log Flume at Alton Towers in Staffordshire. It opened in 1981 and was rethemed in 2004 coinciding with its sponsorship by Imperial Leather. The ride was a bath time themed log flume with three drops. It was the longest log flume attraction in th...
when did the prr first begin its passenger service between pittsburgh and philadelphia	[ "by 1854", "1854" ]	[ { "title": "Pennsylvania Railroad", "text": "The western end of the line was simultaneously built from Pittsburgh east along the banks of the Allegheny and Conemaugh rivers to Johnstown. PRR was granted trackage rights over the Philadelphia and Columbia and gained control of the three short lines connecting...	{ "title": "Pennsylvania Railroad", "long_answer": "The western end of the line was simultaneously built from Pittsburgh east along the banks of the Allegheny and Conemaugh rivers to Johnstown. PRR was granted trackage rights over the Philadelphia and Columbia and gained control of the three short lines connecting ...
name of the boundary line between india and bangladesh	[ "International Border (IB)" ]	[ { "title": "Bangladesh–India border", "text": "The Bangladesh–India border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between Bangladesh and India that demarcates the eight divisions of Bangladesh and the Indian states.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, ...	{ "title": "Bangladesh–India border", "long_answer": "The Bangladesh–India border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between Bangladesh and India that demarcates the eight divisions of Bangladesh and the Indian states.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Bangladesh–India...
jharkhand which festival is associated with cattle worship	[ "Sohrai" ]	[ { "title": "Sohrai", "text": "Sohrai is a festival of Santal and oraon people of the Indian states of Jharkhand , Bihar ,Orisa, Chattisgarh and West Bengal. It is a cattle worship festival and is celebrated during October -November (in Ranchi), December–January (in Dumka)", "hasanswer": true, "isgo...	{ "title": "Sohrai", "long_answer": "Sohrai is a festival of Santal and oraon people of the Indian states of Jharkhand , Bihar ,Orisa, Chattisgarh and West Bengal. It is a cattle worship festival and is celebrated during October -November (in Ranchi), December–January (in Dumka)", "chunked_long_answer": "Sohrai i...
who was the declaration of independence written for	[ "the Second Continental Congress" ]	[ { "title": "United States Declaration of Independence", "text": "The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American c...	{ "title": "United States Declaration of Independence", "long_answer": "The United States Declaration of Independence is the statement adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at the Pennsylvania State House (Independence Hall) in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American co...
what is the center of heredity in a cell	[ "nucleus", "Cell nuclei", "the nucleus", "chromosome" ]	[ { "title": "Cell nucleus", "text": "Between 1877 and 1878, Oscar Hertwig published several studies on the fertilization of sea urchin eggs, showing that the nucleus of the sperm enters the oocyte and fuses with its nucleus. This was the first time it was suggested that an individual develops from a (single)...	{ "title": "Cell nucleus", "long_answer": "Between 1877 and 1878, Oscar Hertwig published several studies on the fertilization of sea urchin eggs, showing that the nucleus of the sperm enters the oocyte and fuses with its nucleus. This was the first time it was suggested that an individual develops from a (single) ...
when did the first immigrants come to hawaii	[ "Around 1200" ]	[ { "title": "History of Hawaii", "text": "The history of Hawaii describes the era of human settlements in the Hawaiian Islands. That history begins sometime between 124 and 800 CE, with some theories dating the earliest Polynesian settlements to the 10th or even 13th century. Around 1200, Tahitian explorers ...	{ "title": "History of Hawaii", "long_answer": "The history of Hawaii describes the era of human settlements in the Hawaiian Islands. That history begins sometime between 124 and 800 CE, with some theories dating the earliest Polynesian settlements to the 10th or even 13th century. Around 1200, Tahitian explorers f...