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question stringlengths 29 100	answers list	ctxs list	nq_annotated_gold dict
why was the plague that struck athens so devastating	[ "close quarters and poor hygiene" ]	[ { "title": "Plague of Athens", "text": "relying on Athenian maritime supremacy for supply while the superior Athenian navy harassed Spartan troop movements. Unfortunately the strategy also resulted in adding many people from the countryside to an already well-populated city, introducing a severe crowding fa...	{ "title": "Plague of Athens", "long_answer": "Sparta and its allies, with the exception of Corinth, were almost exclusively land based powers, able to summon large land armies that were very nearly unbeatable. Under the direction of Pericles, the Athenians pursued a policy of retreat within the city walls of Athen...
who was it that described the structure of dna	[ "James Watson and Francis Crick", "James Watson", "Francis Crick" ]	[ { "title": "DNA", "text": "DNA was first isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. Its molecular structure was first identified by James Watson and Francis Crick at the Cavendish Laboratory within the University of Cambridge in 1953, whose model-building efforts were guided by X-ray diffraction data acquired ...	{ "title": "DNA", "long_answer": "DNA was first isolated by Friedrich Miescher in 1869. Its molecular structure was first identified by James Watson and Francis Crick at the Cavendish Laboratory within the University of Cambridge in 1953, whose model-building efforts were guided by X-ray diffraction data acquired b...
what does a heart rate of 131 mean	[ "Tachycardia", "tachycardia in adults" ]	[ { "title": "Tachycardia", "text": "Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate. In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is accepted as tachycardia in adults. Heart rates above the resting rate may be normal (such as with exercise) or abn...	{ "title": "Tachycardia", "long_answer": "Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate. In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is accepted as tachycardia in adults. Heart rates above the resting rate may be normal (such as with exercise) or abnor...
who sings for the beast in the new movie	[ "Dan Stevens" ]	[ { "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)", "text": "The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three new songs composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Tim Rice. The songs fe...	{ "title": "Beauty and the Beast (2017 soundtrack)", "long_answer": "The album, largely based on material from Disney's 1991 animated version, features songs and instrumental score composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Howard Ashman and three new songs composed by Alan Menken with lyrics by Tim Rice. The songs fea...
what is the current rate of interest on ppf	[ "7.6% Per Annum", "7.6%" ]	[ { "title": "Public Provident Fund (India)", "text": "The Ministry of Finance, Government of India announces the rate of interest for PPF account every quarter. The current interest rate effective from 1 January 2018 is 7.6% Per Annum' (compounded annually). Interest will be paid on 31 March every year. Int...	{ "title": "Public Provident Fund (India)", "long_answer": "The Ministry of Finance, Government of India announces the rate of interest for PPF account every quarter. The current interest rate effective from 1 January 2018 is 7.6% Per Annum' (compounded annually). Interest will be paid on 31 March every year. Inter...
civil war what did the north fight for	[ "maintaining the republic", "loyalty to the U.S. Constitution" ]	[ { "title": "American Civil War", "text": "The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The result of a long-standing controversy over slavery, war broke out in April 1861, when Confederates attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina, shortly after President Abraham Lincoln was inaug...	{ "title": "American Civil War", "long_answer": "The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. The result of a long-standing controversy over slavery, war broke out in April 1861, when Confederates attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina, shortly after President Abraham Lincoln was inaugu...
how many states have a cracker barrel restaurant	[ "43" ]	[ { "title": "Cracker Barrel", "text": "Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc. is an American chain of combined restaurant and gift stores with a Southern country theme. The company was founded by Dan Evins in 1969; its first store was in Lebanon, Tennessee, which remains the company headquarters. The chain's...	{ "title": "Cracker Barrel", "long_answer": "Cracker Barrel Old Country Store, Inc. is an American chain of combined restaurant and gift stores with a Southern country theme. The company was founded by Dan Evins in 1969; its first store was in Lebanon, Tennessee, which remains the company headquarters. The chain's ...
who wrote papa got a brand new bag	[ "James Brown" ]	[ { "title": "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag", "text": "\"Papa's Got a Brand New Bag\" is a song written and recorded by James Brown. Released as a two-part single in 1965, it was Brown's first song to reach the Billboard Hot 100 Top Ten, peaking at number eight, and was a number-one R&B hit, topping the charts ...	{ "title": "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag", "long_answer": "\"Papa's Got a Brand New Bag\" is a song written and recorded by James Brown. Released as a two-part single in 1965, it was Brown's first song to reach the Billboard Hot 100 Top Ten, peaking at number eight, and was a number-one R&B hit, topping the charts fo...
when was national service abolished in the uk	[ "1960", "November 1960", "31 December 1960" ]	[ { "title": "Conscription in the United Kingdom", "text": "National Service ended gradually from 1957. It was decided that those born on or after 1 October 1939 would not be required, but conscription continued for those born earlier whose call-up had been delayed for any reason. In November 1960 the last me...	{ "title": "Conscription in the United Kingdom", "long_answer": "National Service ended gradually from 1957. It was decided that those born on or after 1 October 1939 would not be required, but conscription continued for those born earlier whose call-up had been delayed for any reason. In November 1960 the last men...
who was the main character in their eyes were watching god	[ "Janie Crawford" ]	[ { "title": "Their Eyes Were Watching God", "text": "Their Eyes Were Watching God is a 1937 novel and the best known work by African-American writer Zora Neale Hurston. The novel narrates main character Janie Crawford's \"ripening from a vibrant, but voiceless, teenage girl into a woman with her finger on th...	{ "title": "Their Eyes Were Watching God", "long_answer": "Their Eyes Were Watching God is a 1937 novel and the best known work by African-American writer Zora Neale Hurston. The novel narrates main character Janie Crawford's \"ripening from a vibrant, but voiceless, teenage girl into a woman with her finger on the...
describe the various uses of forests to human beings	[ "a source of lumber", "acting as a carbon sink", "aiding in regulating climate,", "recreational areas", "purifying water", "serving as a genetic reserve" ]	[ { "title": "Forest", "text": "Forests provide a diversity of ecosystem services including converting carbon dioxide into oxygen and biomass, acting as a carbon sink, aiding in regulating climate, purifying water, mitigating natural hazards such as floods, and serving as a genetic reserve. Forests also serve...	{ "title": "Forest", "long_answer": "Forests provide a diversity of ecosystem services including converting carbon dioxide into oxygen and biomass, acting as a carbon sink, aiding in regulating climate, purifying water, mitigating natural hazards such as floods, and serving as a genetic reserve. Forests also serve ...
what does it mean to fuse the spine	[ "joins two or more vertebrae" ]	[ { "title": "Spinal fusion", "text": "Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a neurosurgical or orthopedic surgical technique that joins two or more vertebrae. This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar) and prevents any movement betwee...	{ "title": "Spinal fusion", "long_answer": "Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a neurosurgical or orthopedic surgical technique that joins two or more vertebrae. This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, or lumbar) and prevents any movement between ...
a country having an island location and a country having continental location	[ "Australia" ]	[ { "title": "List of island countries", "text": "Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists of thousands of islands). Others consist of a single island, such as Nauru, or part of an island, such as Haiti. Alth...	{ "title": "List of island countries", "long_answer": "This is a list of island countries. An island is a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water. Many island countries are spread over an archipelago, as is the case with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Indonesia (which consists o...
who plays the girl in wreck it ralph	[ "Stefanie Scott", "Sarah Silverman" ]	[ { "title": "Wreck-It Ralph", "text": "The cast also includes the Fix-It Felix Jr. Nicelanders, Edie McClurg as Mary, Raymond S. Persi as Mayor Gene, Jess Harnell as Don, Rachael Harris as Deanna, and Skylar Astin as Roy; Katie Lowes as Candlehead, Jamie Elman as Rancis Fluggerbutter, Josie Trinidad as Jubil...	{ "title": "Wreck-It Ralph", "long_answer": "The cast also includes the Fix-It Felix Jr. Nicelanders, Edie McClurg as Mary, Raymond S. Persi as Mayor Gene, Jess Harnell as Don, Rachael Harris as Deanna, and Skylar Astin as Roy; Katie Lowes as Candlehead, Jamie Elman as Rancis Fluggerbutter, Josie Trinidad as Jubile...
what olympic athlete has won the most medals	[ "American swimmer Michael Phelps", "Marit Bjørgen", "Michael Phelps" ]	[ { "title": "List of multiple Olympic medalists", "text": "American swimmer Michael Phelps has won the most Olympic medals with 28 medals (23 gold, 3 silver, 2 bronze). He is also the most decorated Olympian in individual events, with 16 medals (13 gold, 2 silver, 1 bronze). Norwegian cross-country skier Mar...	{ "title": "List of multiple Olympic medalists", "long_answer": "American swimmer Michael Phelps has won the most Olympic medals with 28 medals (23 gold, 3 silver, 2 bronze). He is also the most decorated Olympian in individual events, with 16 medals (13 gold, 2 silver, 1 bronze). Norwegian cross-country skier Mari...
what is the highest base on the ph scale	[ "greater than 14" ]	[ { "title": "pH", "text": "It is approximately the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration, measured in units of moles per liter, of hydrogen ions. More precisely it is the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the activity of the hydrogen ion. Solutions with a pH less than 7 are acidic a...	{ "title": "pH", "long_answer": "In chemistry, pH (/piːˈeɪtʃ/) (potential of hydrogen) is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. It is approximately the negative of the base 10 logarithm of the molar concentration, measured in units of moles per liter, of hydrogen ions. ...
who sang if this world were mine with luther vandross	[ "Tammi Terrell", "Cheryl Lynn" ]	[ { "title": "If This World Were Mine", "text": "Fifteen years after the original recording, Luther Vandross and Cheryl Lynn re-recorded it for her album Instant Love and made the song a R&B top five smash peaking at number four in 1982 on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart.", "hasanswer": true, "isg...	{ "title": "If This World Were Mine", "long_answer": "Fifteen years after the original recording, Luther Vandross and Cheryl Lynn re-recorded it for her album Instant Love and made the song a R&B top five smash peaking at number four in 1982 on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart.", "chunked_long_answer": "Fiftee...
what grade was arnold from hey arnold in	[ "fourth" ]	[ { "title": "Hey Arnold!", "text": "Hey Arnold! is an American animated television series created by Craig Bartlett that aired on Nickelodeon from October 7, 1996 to June 8, 2004. The show centers on a fourth grader named Arnold, who lives with his grandparents in an inner-city boarding house. Episodes cent...	{ "title": "Hey Arnold!", "long_answer": "Hey Arnold! is an American animated television series created by Craig Bartlett that aired on Nickelodeon from October 7, 1996 to June 8, 2004. The show centers on a fourth grader named Arnold, who lives with his grandparents in an inner-city boarding house. Episodes center...
who has the most rings in the nba right now 2017	[ "Boston Celtics center Bill Russell", "Bill Russell" ]	[ { "title": "List of NBA players with most championships", "text": "Boston Celtics center Bill Russell holds the record for the most NBA championships won with 11 titles during his 13-year playing career. He won his first championship with the Boston Celtics in his rookie year. Afterwards, he went on to win...	{ "title": "List of NBA players with most championships", "long_answer": "Boston Celtics center Bill Russell holds the record for the most NBA championships won with 11 titles during his 13-year playing career. He won his first championship with the Boston Celtics in his rookie year. Afterwards, he went on to win t...
when was the first wonder woman comic released	[ "December 1941", "January 1942", "October 1941" ]	[ { "title": "Wonder Woman", "text": "Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character is a founding member of the Justice League, a goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people. The character first appeared in All Star Comics #8 in Decembe...	{ "title": "Wonder Woman", "long_answer": "Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character is a founding member of the Justice League, a goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people. The character first appeared in All Star Comics #8 in December...
who is the writer of 50 shades of grey	[ "Erika Mitchell Leonard", "E. L. James" ]	[ { "title": "E. L. James", "text": "Erika Mitchell Leonard (born 7 March 1963), known by her pen name E. L. James, is an English author. She wrote the bestselling erotic romance trilogy Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty Shades Darker, and Fifty Shades Freed, along with the companion novels Grey: Fifty Shades of G...	{ "title": "E. L. James", "long_answer": "Erika Mitchell Leonard (born 7 March 1963), known by her pen name E. L. James, is an English author. She wrote the bestselling erotic romance trilogy Fifty Shades of Grey, Fifty Shades Darker, and Fifty Shades Freed, along with the companion novels Grey: Fifty Shades of Gre...
when does synapsis of homologous chromosomes occur in mitosis	[ "prophase I of meiosis", "during prophase I of meiosis" ]	[ { "title": "Synapsis", "text": "Synapsis (also called syndesis) is the pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis. It allows matching-up of homologous pairs prior to their segregation, and possible chromosomal crossover between them. Synapsis takes place during prophase I of meiosis. ...	{ "title": "Synapsis", "long_answer": "Synapsis (also called syndesis) is the pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis. It allows matching-up of homologous pairs prior to their segregation, and possible chromosomal crossover between them. Synapsis takes place during prophase I of meiosis. Wh...
when did the age of new media began	[ "the 1980s" ]	[ { "title": "New media", "text": "Until the 1980s media relied primarily upon print and analog broadcast models, such as those of television and radio. The last twenty-five years have seen the rapid transformation into media which are predicated upon the use of digital technologies, such as the Internet and...	{ "title": "New media", "long_answer": "Until the 1980s media relied primarily upon print and analog broadcast models, such as those of television and radio. The last twenty-five years have seen the rapid transformation into media which are predicated upon the use of digital technologies, such as the Internet and v...
who sang it going to take a miracle	[ "The Royalettes" ]	[ { "title": "It's Gonna Take a Miracle", "text": "\"It's Gonna Take a Miracle\" is a popular song written by Teddy Randazzo, Bobby Weinstein, and Lou Stallman. It was first an R&B hit in 1965 for The Royalettes, who reached the Top 30 on the U.S. R&B chart and peaked at number 41 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 10...	{ "title": "It's Gonna Take a Miracle", "long_answer": "\"It's Gonna Take a Miracle\" is a popular song written by Teddy Randazzo, Bobby Weinstein, and Lou Stallman. It was first an R&B hit in 1965 for The Royalettes, who reached the Top 30 on the U.S. R&B chart and peaked at number 41 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100...
where does the us launch space shuttles from	[ "Florida" ]	[ { "title": "Space Shuttle", "text": "a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development. The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982. In addition to the prototype whose completion was cancelled, five complete Shu...	{ "title": "Space Shuttle", "long_answer": "The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was Space Transportation System (STS), taken from a 19...
where did the peanut butter jelly time song come from	[ "Buckwheat Boyz", "The Buckwheat Boyz" ]	[ { "title": "Buckwheat Boyz", "text": "The Buckwheat Boyz was an American musical group founded by Marcus Bowens and Jermaine Fuller, with the later addition of J.J. O'Neal and Dougy Williams. The Buckwheat Boyz were signed by Koch Records, and recorded their first and only full-length record. From this sel...	{ "title": "Buckwheat Boyz", "long_answer": "The Buckwheat Boyz was an American musical group founded by Marcus Bowens and Jermaine Fuller, with the later addition of J.J. O'Neal and Dougy Williams. The Buckwheat Boyz were signed by Koch Records, and recorded their first and only full-length record. From this self-...
what was the actual year that the movie regarding the titans took place	[ "1971" ]	[ { "title": "Remember the Titans", "text": "Remember the Titans is a 2000 American sports film produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and directed by Boaz Yakin. The screenplay, written by Gregory Allen Howard, is based on the true story of African-American coach Herman Boone, portrayed by Denzel Washington, and his ...	{ "title": "Remember the Titans", "long_answer": "Remember the Titans is a 2000 American sports film produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and directed by Boaz Yakin. The screenplay, written by Gregory Allen Howard, is based on the true story of African-American coach Herman Boone, portrayed by Denzel Washington, and his a...
how many games does a team have to win for the world series	[ "best-of-seven" ]	[ { "title": "World Series", "text": "The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League (AL) champion team and the National League (NL) champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined th...	{ "title": "World Series", "long_answer": "The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League (AL) champion team and the National League (NL) champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined thr...
what does a yellow 35 mph sign mean	[ "advisory speed limits" ]	[ { "title": "Advisory speed limit", "text": "The signage for advisory speed limits is not defined by the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, and is therefore not standardised internationally. The United States uses a small yellow sign under the main warning sign, as well as a standalone variation o...	{ "title": "Advisory speed limit", "long_answer": "The signage for advisory speed limits is not defined by the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, and is therefore not standardised internationally. The United States uses a small yellow sign under the main warning sign, as well as a standalone variation on ...
when was the letter j introduced to the alphabet	[ "in Middle High German", "1524" ]	[ { "title": "J", "text": "end of Roman numerals when following another I, as in XXIIJ or xxiij instead of XXIII or xxiii for the Roman numeral representing 23. A distinctive usage emerged in Middle High German. Gian Giorgio Trissino (1478–1550) was the first to explicitly distinguish I and J as representing ...	{ "title": "J", "long_answer": "The letter J originated as a swash letter I, used for the letter I at the end of Roman numerals when following another I, as in XXIIJ or xxiij instead of XXIII or xxiii for the Roman numeral representing 23. A distinctive usage emerged in Middle High German. Gian Giorgio Trissino (14...
when was the last time the boston red sox pitched a no-hitter	[ "May 19, 2008" ]	[ { "title": "List of Boston Red Sox no-hitters", "text": "One perfect game, a special subcategory of no-hitter, has been pitched in Red Sox history. As defined by Major League Baseball, \"in a perfect game, no batter reaches any base during the course of the game.\" Every opposing batter is retired. This fea...	{ "title": "List of Boston Red Sox no-hitters", "long_answer": "One perfect game, a special subcategory of no-hitter, has been pitched in Red Sox history. As defined by Major League Baseball, \"in a perfect game, no batter reaches any base during the course of the game.\" Every opposing batter is retired. This feat...
how many levels are there on the eiffel tower	[ "three" ]	[ { "title": "Eiffel Tower", "text": "The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second levels. The top level's upper platform is 276 m (906 ft) above the ground – the highest observation deck accessible to the public in the European Union. Tickets can be purchased to ascend b...	{ "title": "Eiffel Tower", "long_answer": "The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second levels. The top level's upper platform is 276 m (906 ft) above the ground – the highest observation deck accessible to the public in the European Union. Tickets can be purchased to ascend by ...
when will fairy tail final season be released	[ "2018" ]	[ { "title": "List of Fairy Tail episodes", "text": "manga of the same title by Hiro Mashima. Produced by A-1 Pictures and Satelight, and directed by Shinji Ishihira, it was broadcast on TV Tokyo from October 12, 2009, to March 30, 2013. It later continued its run on April 5, 2014, and ended on March 26, 2016...	{ "title": "List of Fairy Tail episodes", "long_answer": "Fairy Tail is an anime series adapted from the manga of the same title by Hiro Mashima. Produced by A-1 Pictures and Satelight, and directed by Shinji Ishihira, it was broadcast on TV Tokyo from October 12, 2009, to March 30, 2013. It later continued its run...
when did somewhere over the rainbow come out	[ "1939" ]	[ { "title": "Over the Rainbow", "text": "The very first artist to record the song was actually big band singer Bea Wain, but MGM prohibited the release until The Wizard of Oz (1939) had opened and audiences heard Judy Garland perform it.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score...	{ "title": "Over the Rainbow", "long_answer": "The very first artist to record the song was actually big band singer Bea Wain, but MGM prohibited the release until The Wizard of Oz (1939) had opened and audiences heard Judy Garland perform it.", "chunked_long_answer": "The very first artist to record the song was...
which layer of the osi model handles physical addressing	[ "physical layer or layer 1" ]	[ { "title": "Physical layer", "text": "In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer. This layer may be implemented by a PHY chip.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index"...	{ "title": "Physical layer", "long_answer": "In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1 is the first and lowest layer. This layer may be implemented by a PHY chip.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "In the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking, the physical layer or layer 1...
when does season 7 game of thrones dvd release	[ "December 12, 2017" ]	[ { "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)", "text": "The season was released on Blu-ray and DVD in region 1 on December 12, 2017.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "George R. R. Martin", "text": "a doze...	{ "title": "Game of Thrones (season 7)", "long_answer": "The season was released on Blu-ray and DVD in region 1 on December 12, 2017.", "chunked_long_answer": "The season was released on Blu-ray and DVD in region 1 on December 12, 2017.", "short_answers": [ "December 12, 2017" ] }
when did hootie and the blowfish come out	[ "2003", "1986", "March 4, 2003" ]	[ { "title": "Hootie & the Blowfish", "text": "Hootie & the Blowfish is an American rock band that was formed in Columbia, South Carolina, in 1986 by Darius Rucker, Mark Bryan, Dean Felber and Jim Sonefeld. As of July 2010, the band had charted 16 singles on various Billboard singles charts and recorded five...	{ "title": "Hootie & the Blowfish", "long_answer": "Hootie & the Blowfish is an American rock band that was formed in Columbia, South Carolina, in 1986 by Darius Rucker, Mark Bryan, Dean Felber and Jim Sonefeld. As of July 2010, the band had charted 16 singles on various Billboard singles charts and recorded five s...
what is the dogs name in wizard of oz	[ "Toto" ]	[ { "title": "Toto (Oz)", "text": "Toto is a fictional dog in L. Frank Baum's Oz series of children's books, and works derived from them. The name is pronounced with a long \"O\", a homophone of \"toe toe\". The dog was originally a small terrier drawn by W. W. Denslow for the first edition of the Wizard of ...	{ "title": "Toto (Oz)", "long_answer": "Toto is a fictional dog in L. Frank Baum's Oz series of children's books, and works derived from them. The name is pronounced with a long \"O\", a homophone of \"toe toe\". The dog was originally a small terrier drawn by W. W. Denslow for the first edition of the Wizard of Oz...
third president of the united states of america	[ "Thomas Jefferson" ]	[ { "title": "Thomas Jefferson", "text": "Thomas Jefferson (April 13 [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Previously, he was elected t...	{ "title": "Thomas Jefferson", "long_answer": "Thomas Jefferson (April 13 [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third President of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Previously, he was elected the...
who abolished the monarchy and declared france a republic	[ "Convention", "France's Legislative Assembly" ]	[ { "title": "French First Republic", "text": "As a result of the spike in public violence and the political instability of the constitutional monarchy, a party of six members of France's Legislative Assembly was assigned the task of overseeing elections. The resulting Convention was founded with the dual pur...	{ "title": "French First Republic", "long_answer": "As a result of the spike in public violence and the political instability of the constitutional monarchy, a party of six members of France's Legislative Assembly was assigned the task of overseeing elections. The resulting Convention was founded with the dual purp...