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question stringlengths 29 100	answers list	ctxs list	nq_annotated_gold dict
when did ga state get a football team	[ "2010" ]	[ { "title": "Georgia State Panthers football", "text": "The Georgia State Panthers football team is the college football program for Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia. The Panthers football team was founded in 2010 and currently competes at the NCAA Division I FBS level. The team is a member of t...	{ "title": "Georgia State Panthers football", "long_answer": "The Georgia State Panthers football team is the college football program for Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia. The Panthers football team was founded in 2010 and currently competes at the NCAA Division I FBS level. The team is a member of the Sun Belt Conference.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Georgia State Panthers football team is the college football program for Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia. The Panthers football team was founded in 2010 and currently competes at the NCAA Division I FBS level. The team is a member of the Sun Belt Conference.", "short_answers": [ "2010" ] }
when does the first nba basketball game start	[ "October 17, 2017" ]	[ { "title": "2017–18 NBA season", "text": "The regular season began on October 17, 2017. Christmas Day games will be played on December 25, 2017. The regular season will end on April 11, 2018.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": nul...	{ "title": "2017–18 NBA season", "long_answer": "The regular season began on October 17, 2017. Christmas Day games will be played on December 25, 2017. The regular season will end on April 11, 2018.", "chunked_long_answer": "The regular season began on October 17, 2017. Christmas Day games will be played on December 25, 2017. The regular season will end on April 11, 2018.", "short_answers": [ "October 17, 2017" ] }
who plays heather in beauty and the beast	[ "Nicole Gale Anderson" ]	[ { "title": "Nicole Gale Anderson", "text": "Nicole Gale Anderson (born August 29, 1990) is a Filipino-American actress. She is best known for her role as Heather Chandler on The CW series Beauty & the Beast. She is also known for her roles as Macy Misa in the Disney Channel Original Series Jonas, and as Ke...	{ "title": "Nicole Gale Anderson", "long_answer": "Nicole Gale Anderson (born August 29, 1990) is a Filipino-American actress. She is best known for her role as Heather Chandler on The CW series Beauty & the Beast. She is also known for her roles as Macy Misa in the Disney Channel Original Series Jonas, and as Kelly Parker and Miranda Collins respectively on the ABC Family series Make It or Break It and Ravenswood.", "chunked_long_answer": "Nicole Gale Anderson (born August 29, 1990) is a Filipino-American actress. She is best known for her role as Heather Chandler on The CW series Beauty & the Beast. She is also known for her roles as Macy Misa in the Disney Channel Original Series Jonas, and as Kelly Parker and Miranda Collins respectively on the ABC Family series Make It or Break It and Ravenswood.", "short_answers": [ "Nicole Gale Anderson" ] }
who is the head of the department of homeland security 2017	[ "Kirstjen Nielsen" ]	[ { "title": "United States Secretary of Homeland Security", "text": "The current Secretary of Homeland Security is Kirstjen Nielsen following the appointment of the then-incumbent secretary, John F. Kelly, to the post of White House Chief of Staff by President Donald Trump. It was announced on October 12, 20...	{ "title": "United States Secretary of Homeland Security", "long_answer": "The current Secretary of Homeland Security is Kirstjen Nielsen following the appointment of the then-incumbent secretary, John F. Kelly, to the post of White House Chief of Staff by President Donald Trump. It was announced on October 12, 2017, that Kirstjen Nielsen was nominated as Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security by President Donald Trump. She was confirmed by the Senate on December 5, 2017.", "chunked_long_answer": "The current Secretary of Homeland Security is Kirstjen Nielsen following the appointment of the then-incumbent secretary, John F. Kelly, to the post of White House Chief of Staff by President Donald Trump. It was announced on October 12, 2017, that Kirstjen Nielsen was nominated as Secretary of the Department of Homeland Security by President Donald Trump. She was confirmed by the Senate on December 5, 2017.", "short_answers": [ "Kirstjen Nielsen" ] }
who has the most gold gloves at shortstop	[ "Ozzie Smith" ]	[ { "title": "List of Gold Glove Award winners at shortstop", "text": "Ozzie Smith, known as \"the Wizard of Oz\", has won the most Gold Glove Awards at shortstop; he captured 13 awards in his 19 seasons with the St. Louis Cardinals. Omar Vizquel is second among shortstops with 11 wins; he won two with the S...	{ "title": "List of Gold Glove Award winners at shortstop", "long_answer": "Ozzie Smith, known as \"the Wizard of Oz\", has won the most Gold Glove Awards at shortstop; he captured 13 awards in his 19 seasons with the St. Louis Cardinals. Omar Vizquel is second among shortstops with 11 wins; he won two with the San Francisco Giants in the National League after winning nine with the Seattle Mariners and the Cleveland Indians in the American League. Luis Aparicio won nine times at shortstop for the third-highest total, followed by Mark Belanger with eight wins. Dave Concepción and Derek Jeter have won five awards; four-time winners at shortstop include Tony Fernández and Alan Trammell. Hall of Famers who have won Gold Glove Awards at shortstop include Smith, Aparicio, Ernie Banks, Robin Yount, Barry Larkin and Cal Ripken, Jr., whose 2,632 consecutive games played earned him his \"Iron Man\" nickname.", "chunked_long_answer": "Ozzie Smith, known as \"the Wizard of Oz\", has won the most Gold Glove Awards at shortstop; he captured 13 awards in his 19 seasons with the St. Louis Cardinals. Omar Vizquel is second among shortstops with 11 wins; he won two with the San Francisco Giants in the National League after winning nine with the Seattle Mariners and the Cleveland Indians in the American League. Luis Aparicio won nine times at shortstop for the third-highest total, followed by Mark Belanger with eight wins. Dave Concepción and Derek Jeter have won five awards; four-time winners at shortstop include Tony Fernández", "short_answers": [ "Ozzie Smith" ] }
who wore number 7 for the green bay packers	[ "Don Majkowski", "Quarterback Don Majkowski" ]	[ { "title": "List of Green Bay Packers retired numbers", "text": "In the 2013 training camp pre-season games, jersey No. 1 has been worn by rookie wide receiver Alex Gillett, and No. 5 by rookie wide receiver Omarius Hines. Quarterback Don Majkowski wore No. 5 his rookie season (1987) before switching to No....	{ "title": "List of Green Bay Packers retired numbers", "long_answer": "In the 2013 training camp pre-season games, jersey No. 1 has been worn by rookie wide receiver Alex Gillett, and No. 5 by rookie wide receiver Omarius Hines. Quarterback Don Majkowski wore No. 5 his rookie season (1987) before switching to No. 7.", "chunked_long_answer": "In the 2013 training camp pre-season games, jersey No. 1 has been worn by rookie wide receiver Alex Gillett, and No. 5 by rookie wide receiver Omarius Hines. Quarterback Don Majkowski wore No. 5 his rookie season (1987) before switching to No. 7.", "short_answers": [ "Don Majkowski", "Quarterback Don Majkowski" ] }
who can be called a man of god	[ "beloved religious leaders", "prophets" ]	[ { "title": "Man of God", "text": "Man of God is a biblical title of respect applied to prophets and beloved religious leaders. The term appears 78 times in 72 verses of the Bible, in application to up to 13 individuals:", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "or...	{ "title": "Man of God", "long_answer": "Man of God is a biblical title of respect applied to prophets and beloved religious leaders. The term appears 78 times in 72 verses of the Bible, in application to up to 13 individuals:", "chunked_long_answer": "Man of God is a biblical title of respect applied to prophets and beloved religious leaders. The term appears 78 times in 72 verses of the Bible, in application to up to 13 individuals:", "short_answers": [ "beloved religious leaders", "prophets" ] }
a system of fortifications along france's border	[ "Maginot Line", "The Maginot Line" ]	[ { "title": "Maginot Line", "text": "The Maginot Line (French: Ligne Maginot, IPA: [liɲ maʒino]), named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move ...	{ "title": "Maginot Line", "long_answer": "The Maginot Line (French: Ligne Maginot, IPA: [liɲ maʒino]), named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, and Luxembourg, the line did not extend to the English Channel due to French strategy that envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a German assault.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Maginot Line (French: Ligne Maginot, IPA: [liɲ maʒino]), named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, was a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Germany and force them to move around the fortifications. Constructed on the French side of its borders with Italy, Switzerland, Germany, and Luxembourg, the line did not extend to the English Channel due to French strategy that envisioned a move into Belgium to counter a German assault.", "short_answers": [ "Maginot Line", "The Maginot Line" ] }
who wrote ain't living long like this	[ "Rodney Crowell" ]	[ { "title": "Ain't Living Long Like This", "text": "Ain't Living Long Like This is the debut studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Rodney Crowell, released in 1978 by Warner Bros. Records. It failed to enter the Top Country Albums chart. The songs, \"Elvira\", \"Baby Better Start Turnin' ...	{ "title": "Ain't Living Long Like This", "long_answer": "Ain't Living Long Like This is the debut studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Rodney Crowell, released in 1978 by Warner Bros. Records. It failed to enter the Top Country Albums chart. The songs, \"Elvira\", \"Baby Better Start Turnin' 'Em Down\" and \"(Now and Then, There's) A Fool Such as I\" were released as singles but they all failed to chart within the top 40. Despite this, Ain't Living Long Like This is considered one Crowell's best and most influential albums. Brett Hartenbach of Allmusic says it \"not only showcases his songwriting prowess, but also his ability to deliver a song, whether it's one of his own or the work of another writer\". Most of the songs on this album were later covered by other artists including The Oak Ridge Boys and Alan Jackson. When the album was re-released in 2002 the font on the cover was enlarged to make it more legible.", "chunked_long_answer": "Ain't Living Long Like This is the debut studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Rodney Crowell, released in 1978 by Warner Bros. Records. It failed to enter the Top Country Albums chart. The songs, \"Elvira\", \"Baby Better Start Turnin' 'Em Down\" and \"(Now and Then, There's) A Fool Such as I\" were released as singles but they all failed to chart within the top 40. Despite this, Ain't Living Long Like This is considered one Crowell's best and most influential albums. Brett Hartenbach of Allmusic says it \"not only showcases his songwriting prowess, but also his ability to deliver", "short_answers": [ "Rodney Crowell" ] }
what is the name of the skin between your nostrils	[ "the nasal septum", "septum" ]	[ { "title": "Anatomy of the human nose", "text": "The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils. On average the n...	{ "title": "Anatomy of the human nose", "long_answer": "The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils. On average the nose of a male is larger than that of a female.", "chunked_long_answer": "The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils. On average the nose of a male is larger than that of a female.", "short_answers": [ "septum", "the nasal septum" ] }
when does monday night raw come on hulu	[ "the following day" ]	[ { "title": "WWE Raw", "text": "On September 24, 2012, Hulu Plus signed a multi-year deal with WWE to stream all of the company’s TV shows and some of its web series which includes Raw. Episodes of Raw are available for viewing the following day and only a condensed 90 minute version is available, not the fu...	{ "title": "WWE Raw", "long_answer": "On September 24, 2012, Hulu Plus signed a multi-year deal with WWE to stream all of the company’s TV shows and some of its web series which includes Raw. Episodes of Raw are available for viewing the following day and only a condensed 90 minute version is available, not the full version as shown the previous night on the USA Network.", "chunked_long_answer": "On September 24, 2012, Hulu Plus signed a multi-year deal with WWE to stream all of the company’s TV shows and some of its web series which includes Raw. Episodes of Raw are available for viewing the following day and only a condensed 90 minute version is available, not the full version as shown the previous night on the USA Network.", "short_answers": [ "the following day" ] }
who become ceo of wipro company in 2016	[ "Abid Ali Neemuchwala" ]	[ { "title": "Wipro", "text": "At the end of December 31, 2015, its employee strength was 170,664. Abid Ali Neemuchwala was appointed as Wipro's CEO after T. K. stepped down in early 2016.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null },...	{ "title": "Wipro", "long_answer": "At the end of December 31, 2015, its employee strength was 170,664. Abid Ali Neemuchwala was appointed as Wipro's CEO after T. K. stepped down in early 2016.", "chunked_long_answer": "At the end of December 31, 2015, its employee strength was 170,664. Abid Ali Neemuchwala was appointed as Wipro's CEO after T. K. stepped down in early 2016.", "short_answers": [ "Abid Ali Neemuchwala" ] }
what is the breakdown product formed when one phosphate group is removed from atp	[ "adenosine diphosphate (ADP)" ]	[ { "title": "ATP hydrolysis", "text": "ATP hydrolysis is the reaction by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy. The product is adenosine dipho...	{ "title": "ATP hydrolysis", "long_answer": "ATP hydrolysis is the reaction by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy. The product is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate, orthophosphate (Pi). ADP can be further hydrolyzed to give energy, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and another orthophosphate (Pi). ATP hydrolysis is the final link between the energy derived from food or sunlight and useful work such as muscle contraction, the establishment of electrochemical gradients across membranes, and biosynthetic processes necessary to maintain life.", "chunked_long_answer": "ATP hydrolysis is the reaction by which chemical energy that has been stored in the high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released, for example in muscles, by producing work in the form of mechanical energy. The product is adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate, orthophosphate (Pi). ADP can be further hydrolyzed to give energy, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and another orthophosphate (Pi). ATP hydrolysis is the final link between the energy derived from food or sunlight and useful work such as muscle contraction, the establishment of electrochemical gradients across membranes, and biosynthetic processes necessary to maintain life.", "short_answers": [ "adenosine diphosphate (ADP)" ] }
to transplant a nucleus from one cell to another cell a scientist would use	[ "somatic cell nuclear transfer" ]	[ { "title": "Somatic cell nuclear transfer", "text": "In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell. The technique consists of taking an enucleated oocyte (egg cell) and implanting a donor nu...	{ "title": "Somatic cell nuclear transfer", "long_answer": "In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell. The technique consists of taking an enucleated oocyte (egg cell) and implanting a donor nucleus from a somatic (body) cell. It is used in both therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Dolly the Sheep became famous for being the first successful case of the reproductive cloning of a mammal. \"Therapeutic cloning\" refers to the potential use of SCNT in regenerative medicine; this approach has been championed as an answer to the many issues concerning embryonic stem cells (ESC) and the destruction of viable embryos for medical use, though questions remain on how homologous the two cell types truly are.", "chunked_long_answer": "In genetics and developmental biology, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a laboratory strategy for creating a viable embryo from a body cell and an egg cell. The technique consists of taking an enucleated oocyte (egg cell) and implanting a donor nucleus from a somatic (body) cell. It is used in both therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Dolly the Sheep became famous for being the first successful case of the reproductive cloning of a mammal. \"Therapeutic cloning\" refers to the potential use of SCNT in regenerative medicine; this approach has been championed as an answer to the many issues concerning embryonic", "short_answers": [ "somatic cell nuclear transfer" ] }
what does a bull shark tooth look like	[ "needle-like teeth", "needle-like" ]	[ { "title": "Shark tooth", "text": "This was the first common style of shark tooth, present in the plentiful cladodont teeth of the devonian, four hundred million years ago. Sharks with needle-like teeth commonly feed on small to medium-sized fish, sometimes including small sharks. These teeth are especiall...	{ "title": "Shark tooth", "long_answer": "This was the first common style of shark tooth, present in the plentiful cladodont teeth of the devonian, four hundred million years ago. Sharks with needle-like teeth commonly feed on small to medium-sized fish, sometimes including small sharks. These teeth are especially effective for such prey because they can easily grip their slippery and narrow bodies. Modern examples include the blue shark and bull sharks. These sharks specifically use their teeth to feed on small prey like squid, flounder, stingrays, and even hammerhead sharks.", "chunked_long_answer": "This was the first common style of shark tooth, present in the plentiful cladodont teeth of the devonian, four hundred million years ago. Sharks with needle-like teeth commonly feed on small to medium-sized fish, sometimes including small sharks. These teeth are especially effective for such prey because they can easily grip their slippery and narrow bodies. Modern examples include the blue shark and bull sharks. These sharks specifically use their teeth to feed on small prey like squid, flounder, stingrays, and even hammerhead sharks.", "short_answers": [ "needle-like", "needle-like teeth" ] }
who played the girl in my two dads	[ "Staci Keanan" ]	[ { "title": "Staci Keanan", "text": "Staci Keanan (born Anastasia Love Sagorsky on June 6, 1975) is a former American actress and attorney. Keanan is best known for her roles in the television series My Two Dads (1987–1990) and Step by Step (1991–1998). She has also been credited as Stacy Keenan and Staci L...	{ "title": "Staci Keanan", "long_answer": "Staci Keanan (born Anastasia Love Sagorsky on June 6, 1975) is a former American actress and attorney. Keanan is best known for her roles in the television series My Two Dads (1987–1990) and Step by Step (1991–1998). She has also been credited as Stacy Keenan and Staci Love.", "chunked_long_answer": "Staci Keanan (born Anastasia Love Sagorsky on June 6, 1975) is a former American actress and attorney. Keanan is best known for her roles in the television series My Two Dads (1987–1990) and Step by Step (1991–1998). She has also been credited as Stacy Keenan and Staci Love.", "short_answers": [ "Staci Keanan" ] }
what type of planet is neptune known as	[ "giant", "ice giants" ]	[ { "title": "Neptune", "text": "Like Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune's atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, along with traces of hydrocarbons and possibly nitrogen, but it contains a higher proportion of \"ices\" such as water, ammonia, and methane. However, its interior, like that of Uranus,...	{ "title": "Neptune", "long_answer": "Like Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune's atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, along with traces of hydrocarbons and possibly nitrogen, but it contains a higher proportion of \"ices\" such as water, ammonia, and methane. However, its interior, like that of Uranus, is primarily composed of ices and rock, which is why Uranus and Neptune are normally considered \"ice giants\" to emphasise this distinction. Traces of methane in the outermost regions in part account for the planet's blue appearance.", "chunked_long_answer": "Like Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune's atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, along with traces of hydrocarbons and possibly nitrogen, but it contains a higher proportion of \"ices\" such as water, ammonia, and methane. However, its interior, like that of Uranus, is primarily composed of ices and rock, which is why Uranus and Neptune are normally considered \"ice giants\" to emphasise this distinction. Traces of methane in the outermost regions in part account for the planet's blue appearance.", "short_answers": [ "ice giants" ] }
when do love and hip hop new york come back on	[ "November 13, 2017", "October 30, 2017" ]	[ { "title": "Love & Hip Hop: New York", "text": "Love & Hip Hop reality television franchise on VH1. The series premiered on March 6, 2011, and chronicles the lives of several people in New York City (and nearby areas, including New Jersey, and Yonkers), involved with hip hop music. Its success has produced ...	{ "title": "Love & Hip Hop: New York", "long_answer": "Love & Hip Hop: New York (also known as Love & Hip Hop) is the original installment of the Love & Hip Hop reality television franchise on VH1. The series premiered on March 6, 2011, and chronicles the lives of several people in New York City (and nearby areas, including New Jersey, and Yonkers), involved with hip hop music. Its success has produced the spin-offs Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta, Chrissy & Mr. Jones, Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood, K. Michelle: My Life, Stevie J & Joseline: Go Hollywood, Leave It To Stevie and Love & Hip Hop: Miami. On October 2, 2017, VH1 announced the show's return for an eighth season, which will premiere on October 30, 2017.", "chunked_long_answer": "Love & Hip Hop reality television franchise on VH1. The series premiered on March 6, 2011, and chronicles the lives of several people in New York City (and nearby areas, including New Jersey, and Yonkers), involved with hip hop music. Its success has produced the spin-offs Love & Hip Hop: Atlanta, Chrissy & Mr. Jones, Love & Hip Hop: Hollywood, K. Michelle: My Life, Stevie J & Joseline: Go Hollywood, Leave It To Stevie and Love & Hip Hop: Miami. On October 2, 2017, VH1 announced the show's return for an eighth season, which will premiere on October 30, 2017.", "short_answers": [ "October 30, 2017" ] }
how many gallons of water in the gulf of mexico	[ "660 quadrillion US gallons" ]	[ { "title": "Gulf of Mexico", "text": "is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the...	{ "title": "Gulf of Mexico", "long_answer": "The Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics. The Gulf of Mexico basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km; 930 mi) wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi).", "chunked_long_answer": "is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi).", "short_answers": [ "660 quadrillion US gallons" ] }
anastomosis between the epididymis and the vas deferens	[ "Vasoepididymostomy" ]	[ { "title": "Vasoepididymostomy", "text": "Vasoepididymostomy is often considered one of the most technically challenging operations in the field of urology. The procedure requires anastomosis of a single epididymal tubule (luminal diameter .15-.25 mm) to the lumen of the vas deferens (diameter .3-.4 mm), a...	{ "title": "Vasoepididymostomy", "long_answer": "Vasoepididymostomy is often considered one of the most technically challenging operations in the field of urology. The procedure requires anastomosis of a single epididymal tubule (luminal diameter .15-.25 mm) to the lumen of the vas deferens (diameter .3-.4 mm), and is reserved for patients with congenital or acquired epididymal obstruction, or patients who have failed previous attempts at surgical reconstruction of the vas deferens. This surgery attaches the vas deferens directly to the epididymis, the coiled tube on the back of each testicle where sperm matures. A vasectomy can cause blockages or a break in the vas deferens or the epididymis. This surgery is used when a vasovasostomy won't work because sperm flow is blocked. The vas deferens is connected to the epididymis above the point of blockage.", "chunked_long_answer": "Vasoepididymostomy is often considered one of the most technically challenging operations in the field of urology. The procedure requires anastomosis of a single epididymal tubule (luminal diameter .15-.25 mm) to the lumen of the vas deferens (diameter .3-.4 mm), and is reserved for patients with congenital or acquired epididymal obstruction, or patients who have failed previous attempts at surgical reconstruction of the vas deferens. This surgery attaches the vas deferens directly to the epididymis, the coiled tube on the back of each testicle where sperm matures. A vasectomy can cause blockages or a break in the vas deferens or the", "short_answers": [ "Vasoepididymostomy" ] }
who is given credit for inventing the aqua lung	[ "Jacques Cousteau", "engineer Émile Gagnan", "Émile Gagnan" ]	[ { "title": "Aqua-lung", "text": "Aqua-Lung was the original English name of the first open-circuit, self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (or \"SCUBA\") to reach worldwide popularity and commercial success. This class of equipment is now commonly referred to as a diving regulator or demand valve. Th...	{ "title": "Aqua-lung", "long_answer": "Aqua-Lung was the original English name of the first open-circuit, self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (or \"SCUBA\") to reach worldwide popularity and commercial success. This class of equipment is now commonly referred to as a diving regulator or demand valve. The Aqua-Lung was invented in Paris during the winter of 1942–1943 by two Frenchmen: the engineer Émile Gagnan and Naval Lieutenant (\"lieutenant de vaisseau\") Jacques Cousteau. It allowed Cousteau and Gagnan to film and explore more easily underwater.", "chunked_long_answer": "Aqua-Lung was the original English name of the first open-circuit, self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (or \"SCUBA\") to reach worldwide popularity and commercial success. This class of equipment is now commonly referred to as a diving regulator or demand valve. The Aqua-Lung was invented in Paris during the winter of 1942–1943 by two Frenchmen: the engineer Émile Gagnan and Naval Lieutenant (\"lieutenant de vaisseau\") Jacques Cousteau. It allowed Cousteau and Gagnan to film and explore more easily underwater.", "short_answers": [ "Jacques Cousteau", "engineer Émile Gagnan", "Émile Gagnan" ] }
where did the name huey helicopter come from	[ "originally designated HU-1" ]	[ { "title": "Bell UH-1 Iroquois", "text": "The Iroquois was originally designated HU-1, hence the Huey nickname, which has remained in common use, despite the official redesignation to UH-1 in 1962. The UH-1 first saw service in combat operations during the Vietnam War, with around 7,000 helicopters deploye...	{ "title": "Bell UH-1 Iroquois", "long_answer": "The Iroquois was originally designated HU-1, hence the Huey nickname, which has remained in common use, despite the official redesignation to UH-1 in 1962. The UH-1 first saw service in combat operations during the Vietnam War, with around 7,000 helicopters deployed. The Bell 204 and 205 are Iroquois versions developed for the civil market.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Iroquois was originally designated HU-1, hence the Huey nickname, which has remained in common use, despite the official redesignation to UH-1 in 1962. The UH-1 first saw service in combat operations during the Vietnam War, with around 7,000 helicopters deployed. The Bell 204 and 205 are Iroquois versions developed for the civil market.", "short_answers": [ "originally designated HU-1" ] }
what is the definition of the name thomas	[ "\"twin\"", "twin" ]	[ { "title": "Thomas (name)", "text": "Thomas comes from the Greek bible. Thomas was a popular medieval given throughout Europe, coming from the biblical name, Thomas being one of Jesus' disciples. It is ultimately derived from the Aramaic personal name meaning \"twin.\"", "hasanswer": true, "isgold":...	{ "title": "Thomas (name)", "long_answer": "Thomas comes from the Greek bible. Thomas was a popular medieval given throughout Europe, coming from the biblical name, Thomas being one of Jesus' disciples. It is ultimately derived from the Aramaic personal name meaning \"twin.\"", "chunked_long_answer": "Thomas comes from the Greek bible. Thomas was a popular medieval given throughout Europe, coming from the biblical name, Thomas being one of Jesus' disciples. It is ultimately derived from the Aramaic personal name meaning \"twin.\"", "short_answers": [ "twin" ] }
actress who plays penelope garcia on criminal minds	[ "Kirsten Simone Vangsness" ]	[ { "title": "Kirsten Vangsness", "text": "Kirsten Simone Vangsness (born July 7, 1972) is an American actress and writer. She currently stars as FBI Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia on the CBS drama series Criminal Minds. She portrayed the same character on the spin-off series Criminal Minds: Suspect Behav...	{ "title": "Kirsten Vangsness", "long_answer": "Kirsten Simone Vangsness (born July 7, 1972) is an American actress and writer. She currently stars as FBI Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia on the CBS drama series Criminal Minds. She portrayed the same character on the spin-off series Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior.", "chunked_long_answer": "Kirsten Simone Vangsness (born July 7, 1972) is an American actress and writer. She currently stars as FBI Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia on the CBS drama series Criminal Minds. She portrayed the same character on the spin-off series Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior.", "short_answers": [ "Kirsten Simone Vangsness" ] }
who is president of india in present time	[ "Ram Nath Kovind" ]	[ { "title": "List of Presidents of India", "text": "On 25 July 2017, Ram Nath Kovind took office as the 14th President of India.", "hasanswer": true, "isgold": true, "id": null, "score": null, "original_retrieval_index": null }, { "title": "President of India", "text": "being ...	{ "title": "List of Presidents of India", "long_answer": "On 25 July 2017, Ram Nath Kovind took office as the 14th President of India.", "chunked_long_answer": "On 25 July 2017, Ram Nath Kovind took office as the 14th President of India.", "short_answers": [ "Ram Nath Kovind" ] }
why did kevin can't wait wife leave the show	[ "creative reasons" ]	[ { "title": "Kevin Can Wait", "text": "to a series regular starting with Season 2; shortly after, it was announced that Erinn Hayes would not be returning for the show's second season. Sources cited in a Variety article confirmed that Remini would be returning as Detective Vanessa Cellucci, the character she...	{ "title": "Kevin Can Wait", "long_answer": "In June 2017, Remini was upped to a series regular starting with Season 2; shortly after, it was announced that Erinn Hayes would not be returning for the show's second season. Sources cited in a Variety article confirmed that Remini would be returning as Detective Vanessa Cellucci, the character she portrayed in the first-season finale, and that Hayes' dismissal was for creative reasons and \"not a reflection\" of the actress' performance. In August 2017, it was reported Hayes' character will be killed off before season two begins and the season will take place 7–10 months after season one ended, in order to make room for Remini.", "chunked_long_answer": "to a series regular starting with Season 2; shortly after, it was announced that Erinn Hayes would not be returning for the show's second season. Sources cited in a Variety article confirmed that Remini would be returning as Detective Vanessa Cellucci, the character she portrayed in the first-season finale, and that Hayes' dismissal was for creative reasons and \"not a reflection\" of the actress' performance. In August 2017, it was reported Hayes' character will be killed off before season two begins and the season will take place 7–10 months after season one ended, in order to make room for Remini.", "short_answers": [ "creative reasons" ] }
when did season 4 of glee come out	[ "September 13, 2012" ]	[ { "title": "Glee (season 4)", "text": "The fourth season of the Fox musical comedy-drama television series Glee was commissioned on April 9, 2012. It premiered on September 13, 2012 and is produced by 20th Century Fox Television, Ryan Murphy Television and Brad Falchuk Teley-Vision with executive producers ...	{ "title": "Glee (season 4)", "long_answer": "The fourth season of the Fox musical comedy-drama television series Glee was commissioned on April 9, 2012. It premiered on September 13, 2012 and is produced by 20th Century Fox Television, Ryan Murphy Television and Brad Falchuk Teley-Vision with executive producers Dante Di Loreto and series co-creators Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan.", "chunked_long_answer": "The fourth season of the Fox musical comedy-drama television series Glee was commissioned on April 9, 2012. It premiered on September 13, 2012 and is produced by 20th Century Fox Television, Ryan Murphy Television and Brad Falchuk Teley-Vision with executive producers Dante Di Loreto and series co-creators Ryan Murphy, Brad Falchuk and Ian Brennan.", "short_answers": [ "September 13, 2012" ] }
who were the major countries involved in the cold war	[ "the Soviet Union", "the United States" ]	[ { "title": "Cold War", "text": "The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others). Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but a...	{ "title": "Cold War", "long_answer": "The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others). Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but a common timeframe is the period between 1947, the year the Truman Doctrine, a U.S. foreign policy pledging to aid nations threatened by Soviet expansionism, was announced, and either 1989, when communism fell in Eastern Europe, or 1991, when the Soviet Union collapsed. The term \"cold\" is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two sides, but they each supported major regional wars known as proxy wars.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others). Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but a common timeframe is the period between 1947, the year the Truman Doctrine, a U.S. foreign policy pledging to aid nations threatened by Soviet expansionism, was announced, and either 1989, when communism fell in Eastern Europe, or 1991, when the Soviet Union collapsed. The term \"cold\" is used because there was", "short_answers": [ "the Soviet Union", "the United States" ] }
what is the main use of the eiffel tower in modern times	[ "visited paid monument", "paid monument" ]	[ { "title": "Eiffel Tower", "text": "More than 250 million people have visited the tower since it was completed in 1889. In 2015, there were 6.91 million visitors. The tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world. An average of 25,000 people ascend the tower every day which can result in long queues...	{ "title": "Eiffel Tower", "long_answer": "More than 250 million people have visited the tower since it was completed in 1889. In 2015, there were 6.91 million visitors. The tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world. An average of 25,000 people ascend the tower every day which can result in long queues. Tickets can be purchased online to avoid the long queues.", "chunked_long_answer": "More than 250 million people have visited the tower since it was completed in 1889. In 2015, there were 6.91 million visitors. The tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world. An average of 25,000 people ascend the tower every day which can result in long queues. Tickets can be purchased online to avoid the long queues.", "short_answers": [ "visited paid monument" ] }
sweet leavened bread prepared for easter in romania	[ "Kozunak", "Cozonac" ]	[ { "title": "Cozonac", "text": "Cozonac (Romanian pronunciation: [kozoˈnak]) or Kozunak (Bulgarian: козунак, Bulgarian pronunciation: [kozuˈnak]), from Greek: ϰοσώνα ('doll', i.e. \"doll-shaped sweet bread\"), is a traditional Bulgarian and Romanian sweet leavened bread, which is a type of Stollen. It is us...	{ "title": "Cozonac", "long_answer": "Cozonac (Romanian pronunciation: [kozoˈnak]) or Kozunak (Bulgarian: козунак, Bulgarian pronunciation: [kozuˈnak]), from Greek: ϰοσώνα ('doll', i.e. \"doll-shaped sweet bread\"), is a traditional Bulgarian and Romanian sweet leavened bread, which is a type of Stollen. It is usually prepared for Easter in Bulgaria, and mostly for every major holiday (Christmas, Easter, New Year's Day, Pentecost) in Romania and Moldova.", "chunked_long_answer": "Cozonac (Romanian pronunciation: [kozoˈnak]) or Kozunak (Bulgarian: козунак, Bulgarian pronunciation: [kozuˈnak]), from Greek: ϰοσώνα ('doll', i.e. \"doll-shaped sweet bread\"), is a traditional Bulgarian and Romanian sweet leavened bread, which is a type of Stollen. It is usually prepared for Easter in Bulgaria, and mostly for every major holiday (Christmas, Easter, New Year's Day, Pentecost) in Romania and Moldova.", "short_answers": [ "Cozonac", "Kozunak" ] }
what is the genus of a bald eagle	[ "Haliaeetus" ]	[ { "title": "Bald eagle", "text": "The bald eagle placed in the genus Haliaeetus (sea eagles) which gets both its common and specific scientific names from the distinctive appearance of the adult's head. Bald in the English name is derived from the word piebald, and refers to the white head and tail feathers...	{ "title": "Bald eagle", "long_answer": "The bald eagle placed in the genus Haliaeetus (sea eagles) which gets both its common and specific scientific names from the distinctive appearance of the adult's head. Bald in the English name is derived from the word piebald, and refers to the white head and tail feathers and their contrast with the darker body. The scientific name is derived from Haliaeetus, New Latin for \"sea eagle\" (from the Ancient Greek haliaetos), and leucocephalus, Latinized Ancient Greek for \"white head,\" from λευκος leukos (\"white\") and κεφαλη kephale (\"head\").", "chunked_long_answer": "The bald eagle placed in the genus Haliaeetus (sea eagles) which gets both its common and specific scientific names from the distinctive appearance of the adult's head. Bald in the English name is derived from the word piebald, and refers to the white head and tail feathers and their contrast with the darker body. The scientific name is derived from Haliaeetus, New Latin for \"sea eagle\" (from the Ancient Greek haliaetos), and leucocephalus, Latinized Ancient Greek for \"white head,\" from λευκος leukos (\"white\") and κεφαλη kephale (\"head\").", "short_answers": [ "Haliaeetus" ] }
who directed the best years of our lives	[ "William Wyler" ]	[ { "title": "The Best Years of Our Lives", "text": "The Best Years of Our Lives (aka Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell. The film is about three United Stat...	{ "title": "The Best Years of Our Lives", "long_answer": "The Best Years of Our Lives (aka Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell. The film is about three United States servicemen readjusting to civilian life after coming home from World War II. Samuel Goldwyn was inspired to produce a film about veterans after reading an August 7, 1944, article in Time about the difficulties experienced by men returning to civilian life. Goldwyn hired former war correspondent MacKinlay Kantor to write a screenplay. His work was first published as a novella, Glory for Me, which Kantor wrote in blank verse. Robert E. Sherwood then adapted the novella as a screenplay.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Best Years of Our Lives (aka Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell. The film is about three United States servicemen readjusting to civilian life after coming home from World War II. Samuel Goldwyn was inspired to produce a film about veterans after reading an August 7, 1944, article in Time about the difficulties experienced by men returning to civilian life. Goldwyn hired former war correspondent MacKinlay Kantor to write a screenplay. His work was", "short_answers": [ "William Wyler" ] }
which british city is farthest from the sea	[ "Coton in the Elms" ]	[ { "title": "Coton in the Elms", "text": "Coton in the Elms is a village and parish in the English county of Derbyshire. At 70 miles (113 km) from the coast, it is the furthest place in the United Kingdom from coastal waters. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 896. It is located 5 ...	{ "title": "Coton in the Elms", "long_answer": "Coton in the Elms is a village and parish in the English county of Derbyshire. At 70 miles (113 km) from the coast, it is the furthest place in the United Kingdom from coastal waters. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 896. It is located 5 miles southwest of Swadlincote and 6 miles south of Burton upon Trent.", "chunked_long_answer": "Coton in the Elms is a village and parish in the English county of Derbyshire. At 70 miles (113 km) from the coast, it is the furthest place in the United Kingdom from coastal waters. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 896. It is located 5 miles southwest of Swadlincote and 6 miles south of Burton upon Trent.", "short_answers": [ "Coton in the Elms" ] }
how many characters are present in icd-10 codes	[ "7" ]	[ { "title": "ICD-10", "text": "has inspired a mixed reaction from the healthcare community. Even though the deadline for ICD-10 was pushed back repeatedly, CMS recommended that medical practices take several years to prepare for implementation of the new code set. The basic structure of the ICD-10-CM code is...	{ "title": "ICD-10", "long_answer": "The most recent pushback of the implementation date has inspired a mixed reaction from the healthcare community. Even though the deadline for ICD-10 was pushed back repeatedly, CMS recommended that medical practices take several years to prepare for implementation of the new code set. The basic structure of the ICD-10-CM code is the following: Characters 1–3 (the category of disease); 4 (etiology of disease); 5 (body part affected); 6 (severity of illness); and 7 (placeholder for extension of the code to increase specificity). Not only must new software be installed and tested, but medical practices must provide training for physicians, staff members, and administrators. They will also need to develop new practice policies and guidelines, and update paperwork and forms. For convenience, practices may also create \"crosswalks\" that will convert their most frequently used ICD-9-CM codes to the ICD-10-CM equivalents.\n", "chunked_long_answer": "has inspired a mixed reaction from the healthcare community. Even though the deadline for ICD-10 was pushed back repeatedly, CMS recommended that medical practices take several years to prepare for implementation of the new code set. The basic structure of the ICD-10-CM code is the following: Characters 1–3 (the category of disease); 4 (etiology of disease); 5 (body part affected); 6 (severity of illness); and 7 (placeholder for extension of the code to increase specificity). Not only must new software be installed and tested, but medical practices must provide training for physicians, staff members, and administrators. They will also need", "short_answers": [ "7" ] }
which layer of the meninges is connected to the brain	[ "pia mater", "The pia mater" ]	[ { "title": "Meninges", "text": "The pia mater (Latin: tender mother) is a very delicate membrane. It is the meningeal envelope that firmly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord, following all of the brain's contours (the gyri and sulci). It is a very thin membrane composed of fibrous tissue co...	{ "title": "Meninges", "long_answer": "The pia mater (Latin: tender mother) is a very delicate membrane. It is the meningeal envelope that firmly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord, following all of the brain's contours (the gyri and sulci). It is a very thin membrane composed of fibrous tissue covered on its outer surface by a sheet of flat cells thought to be impermeable to fluid. The pia mater is pierced by blood vessels to the brain and spinal cord, and its capillaries nourish the brain.", "chunked_long_answer": "The pia mater (Latin: tender mother) is a very delicate membrane. It is the meningeal envelope that firmly adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord, following all of the brain's contours (the gyri and sulci). It is a very thin membrane composed of fibrous tissue covered on its outer surface by a sheet of flat cells thought to be impermeable to fluid. The pia mater is pierced by blood vessels to the brain and spinal cord, and its capillaries nourish the brain.", "short_answers": [ "The pia mater", "pia mater" ] }
who was first governor general of british india	[ "Louis Mountbatten", "Warren Hastings" ]	[ { "title": "Governor-General of India", "text": "Governors-General served at the pleasure of the sovereign, though the practice was to have them serve five-year terms. Governors-General could have their commission rescinded; and if one was removed, or left, a provisional governor-general was sometimes appoi...	{ "title": "Governor-General of India", "long_answer": "Governors-General served at the pleasure of the sovereign, though the practice was to have them serve five-year terms. Governors-General could have their commission rescinded; and if one was removed, or left, a provisional governor-general was sometimes appointed until a new holder of the office could be chosen. The first Governor-General of British India was Warren Hastings, and the first Governor-General of independent India was Louis Mountbatten.", "chunked_long_answer": "Governors-General served at the pleasure of the sovereign, though the practice was to have them serve five-year terms. Governors-General could have their commission rescinded; and if one was removed, or left, a provisional governor-general was sometimes appointed until a new holder of the office could be chosen. The first Governor-General of British India was Warren Hastings, and the first Governor-General of independent India was Louis Mountbatten.", "short_answers": [ "Warren Hastings" ] }
where is the heart of palm on a palm tree	[ "inner core and growing bud", "the inner core", "growing bud", "the center core" ]	[ { "title": "Heart of palm", "text": "Heart of palm is a vegetable harvested from the inner core and growing bud of certain palm trees (notably the coconut (Cocos nucifera), palmito juçara (Euterpe edulis), Açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea), sabal (Sabal spp.), pupunha and pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes) palms). Har...	{ "title": "Heart of palm", "long_answer": "Heart of palm is a vegetable harvested from the inner core and growing bud of certain palm trees (notably the coconut (Cocos nucifera), palmito juçara (Euterpe edulis), Açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea), sabal (Sabal spp.), pupunha and pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes) palms). Harvesting of many non-cultivated or wild single-stemmed palms results in palm tree death (e.g. Geonoma edulis). However, other palm species are clonal or multi-stemmed plants (e.g. Prestoea acuminata, Euterpe oleracea) and moderate harvesting will not kill the entire clonal palm. Heart of palm may be eaten on its own, and often it is eaten in a salad.", "chunked_long_answer": "Heart of palm is a vegetable harvested from the inner core and growing bud of certain palm trees (notably the coconut (Cocos nucifera), palmito juçara (Euterpe edulis), Açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea), sabal (Sabal spp.), pupunha and pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes) palms). Harvesting of many non-cultivated or wild single-stemmed palms results in palm tree death (e.g. Geonoma edulis). However, other palm species are clonal or multi-stemmed plants (e.g. Prestoea acuminata, Euterpe oleracea) and moderate harvesting will not kill the entire clonal palm. Heart of palm may be eaten on its own, and often it is eaten in a salad.", "short_answers": [ "growing bud", "inner core and growing bud", "the inner core" ] }
who made the poppies at tower of london	[ "Paul Cummins", "Tom Piper", "stage designer Tom Piper" ]	[ { "title": "Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red", "text": "Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red was a work of installation art placed in the moat of the Tower of London, England, between July and November 2014, commemorating the centenary of the outbreak of World War I. It consisted of 888,246 ceramic red poppie...	{ "title": "Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red", "long_answer": "Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red was a work of installation art placed in the moat of the Tower of London, England, between July and November 2014, commemorating the centenary of the outbreak of World War I. It consisted of 888,246 ceramic red poppies, each intended to represent one British or Colonial serviceman killed in the War. The artist was Paul Cummins, with setting by stage designer Tom Piper. The work's title was taken from the first line of a poem by an unknown World War I soldier.", "chunked_long_answer": "Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red was a work of installation art placed in the moat of the Tower of London, England, between July and November 2014, commemorating the centenary of the outbreak of World War I. It consisted of 888,246 ceramic red poppies, each intended to represent one British or Colonial serviceman killed in the War. The artist was Paul Cummins, with setting by stage designer Tom Piper. The work's title was taken from the first line of a poem by an unknown World War I soldier.", "short_answers": [ "Paul Cummins", "Tom Piper", "stage designer Tom Piper" ] }
what is the inner core of the earth made from	[ "some other elements", "iron–nickel alloy", "an iron–nickel alloy" ]	[ { "title": "Inner core", "text": "The Earth's inner core is the Earth's innermost part. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 kilometres (760 miles), which is about 70% of the Moon's radius. It is composed of an iron–nickel alloy and some other elements. The temperature at the inner cor...	{ "title": "Inner core", "long_answer": "The Earth's inner core is the Earth's innermost part. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 kilometres (760 miles), which is about 70% of the Moon's radius. It is composed of an iron–nickel alloy and some other elements. The temperature at the inner core's surface is approximately 5,700 K (5,430 °C), which is about the temperature at the surface of the Sun.", "chunked_long_answer": "The Earth's inner core is the Earth's innermost part. It is primarily a solid ball with a radius of about 1,220 kilometres (760 miles), which is about 70% of the Moon's radius. It is composed of an iron–nickel alloy and some other elements. The temperature at the inner core's surface is approximately 5,700 K (5,430 °C), which is about the temperature at the surface of the Sun.", "short_answers": [ "an iron–nickel alloy", "iron–nickel alloy", "some other elements" ] }
where did the british army launch a successful invasion in 1776	[ "New York", "Long Island" ]	[ { "title": "British Army during the American Revolutionary War", "text": "After withdrawing from Boston, Howe immediately began preparations to seize New York which was considered the 'hinge' of the colonies. In late August, 22,000 men (including 9,000 Hessians) were rapidly landed on Long Island using flat...	{ "title": "British Army during the American Revolutionary War", "long_answer": "After withdrawing from Boston, Howe immediately began preparations to seize New York which was considered the 'hinge' of the colonies. In late August, 22,000 men (including 9,000 Hessians) were rapidly landed on Long Island using flat bottomed boats, this would be the largest amphibious operation undertaken by the British army until the Normandy landings almost 200 years later. In the ensuing Battle of Long Island on August 27, 1776, the British outflanked the American positions, driving the Americans back to the Brooklyn Heights fortifications. General Howe not wishing to risk the lives of his men in a bloody frontal assault then began to lay siege works. The navy had failed to properly blockade the East river which left an escape route open for Washington's army, which he fully exploited, managing a nighttime retreat through his unguarded rear to Manhattan Island. British forces then fought a series of actions to consolidate control of Manhattan Island, culminating in the Battle of Fort Washington which resulted in the capture of close to 3,000 Continental troops. Following the conquest of Manhattan, Howe ordered Charles Cornwallis to \"clear the rebel troops from New Jersey without a major engagement, and to do it quickly before the weather changed.\" Cornwallis' force drove Washington's army entirely from New Jersey and across the Delaware River. However, in the pre-dawn hours of December 26, Washington crossed back into New Jersey and captured a garrison of Hessians at Trenton. Several days later, Washington outmaneuvered Cornwallis at Assunpink Creek and overwhelmed a British outpost at Princeton on January 3, 1777. Cornwallis rallied and again drove Washington away, however the defeats showed the British army had become too overstretched and Howe abandoned most of his outposts in New Jersey.", "chunked_long_answer": "After withdrawing from Boston, Howe immediately began preparations to seize New York which was considered the 'hinge' of the colonies. In late August, 22,000 men (including 9,000 Hessians) were rapidly landed on Long Island using flat bottomed boats, this would be the largest amphibious operation undertaken by the British army until the Normandy landings almost 200 years later. In the ensuing Battle of Long Island on August 27, 1776, the British outflanked the American positions, driving the Americans back to the Brooklyn Heights fortifications. General Howe not wishing to risk the lives of his men in a bloody frontal assault", "short_answers": [ "Long Island", "New York" ] }