question stringlengths 29 100 | answers list | ctxs list | nq_annotated_gold dict |
|---|---|---|---|
where does the light reaction of photosynthesis occur | [
"on the thylakoid membranes"
] | [
{
"title": "Photosynthesis",
"text": "Earth's atmosphere, and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth. Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called react... | {
"title": "Light-dependent reactions",
"long_answer": "In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.",
"short_answers": [
"on the thylakoid membranes"
]
} |
where did the battle of corinth take place | [
"in Corinth, Mississippi",
"Corinth, Mississippi"
] | [
{
"title": "Mississippi in the American Civil War",
"text": "has been known as the Siege of Corinth. Maj. Gen. William Rosecrans moved to Corinth as well and concentrated his force with Halleck later in the year to again attack the city. The Battle of Corinth took place on October 3–4, 1862, when Confederat... | {
"title": "Siege of Corinth",
"long_answer": "The Siege of Corinth (also known as the First Battle of Corinth) was an American Civil War engagement lasting from April 29 to May 30, 1862, in Corinth, Mississippi. A collection of Union forces under the overall command of Major General Henry Halleck engaged in a month-long siege of the city, whose Confederate occupants were commanded by General P.G.T. Beauregard. The siege resulted in the capture of the town by Federal forces.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Siege of Corinth (also known as the First Battle of Corinth) was an American Civil War engagement lasting from April 29 to May 30, 1862, in Corinth, Mississippi. A collection of Union forces under the overall command of Major General Henry Halleck engaged in a month-long siege of the city, whose Confederate occupants were commanded by General P.G.T. Beauregard. The siege resulted in the capture of the town by Federal forces.",
"short_answers": [
"Corinth, Mississippi",
"in Corinth, Mississippi"
]
} |
under article 1 what is the minimum age required to serve in the house of representatives | [
"25",
"25 years old"
] | [
{
"title": "Age of candidacy",
"text": "municipal councils in the Land. In presidential elections the candidacy age is 35. Any Belgian who has reached the age of 18 years can stand for election for the Chamber of Representatives, can become a member of the Senate, or can be elected in one of the regional pa... | {
"title": "Article One of the United States Constitution",
"long_answer": "The Constitution provides three requirements for Representatives: A Representative must be at least 25 years old, must be an inhabitant of the state in which he or she is elected, and must have been a citizen of the United States for the previous seven years. There is no requirement that a Representative reside within the district in which he or she represents; although this is usually the case, there have been occasional exceptions.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Constitution provides three requirements for Representatives: A Representative must be at least 25 years old, must be an inhabitant of the state in which he or she is elected, and must have been a citizen of the United States for the previous seven years. There is no requirement that a Representative reside within the district in which he or she represents; although this is usually the case, there have been occasional exceptions.",
"short_answers": [
"25",
"25 years old"
]
} |
what is the population of st petersburg fl | [
"260,999",
"257,083"
] | [
{
"title": "St. Petersburg, Florida",
"text": "approximately 4000 residents, while in the same period the population of Florida increased by over two and a half million residents. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of . of it is land, and of it (55.13%) is water. St. Pet... | {
"title": "St. Petersburg, Florida",
"long_answer": "Saint Petersburg is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2015 census estimate, the population was 257,083, making it the fifth-most populous city in Florida and the largest in the state that is not a county seat (the city of Clearwater is the seat of Pinellas County).",
"chunked_long_answer": "Saint Petersburg is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States. As of the 2015 census estimate, the population was 257,083, making it the fifth-most populous city in Florida and the largest in the state that is not a county seat (the city of Clearwater is the seat of Pinellas County).",
"short_answers": [
"257,083"
]
} |
who plays at the prudential center in newark | [
"Seton Hall Pirates",
"New Jersey Devils"
] | [
{
"title": "Prudential Center",
"text": "was amidst rumors that the franchise would move to Nashville. Despite playing championship-caliber hockey in the 2002–03 season culminating in a Stanley Cup that year, the Devils only averaged 14,858 fans per game at their home arena, Continental Airlines Arena at th... | {
"title": "Prudential Center",
"long_answer": "Prudential Center is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the central business district of Newark, New Jersey, United States. It was designed by HOK Sport (now Populous), with the exterior designed by Morris Adjmi Architects. Opened in 2007, it is the home of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball team from Seton Hall University. The arena seats 16,514 patrons for hockey and 18,711 for basketball. Fans and sports writers have affectionately nicknamed the arena \"The Rock\" in reference to the Rock of Gibraltar, the corporate logo of Prudential Financial, a financial institution that owns the naming rights to the arena and is headquartered within walking distance of it. In December 2013, the arena ranked third nationally and ninth internationally for self-reported annual revenue.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Prudential Center is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the central business district of Newark, New Jersey, United States. It was designed by HOK Sport (now Populous), with the exterior designed by Morris Adjmi Architects. Opened in 2007, it is the home of the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League (NHL) and the Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball team from Seton Hall University. The arena seats 16,514 patrons for hockey and 18,711 for basketball. Fans and sports writers have affectionately nicknamed the arena \"The Rock\" in reference to the Rock of Gibraltar, the corporate logo of Prudential Financial, a",
"short_answers": [
"New Jersey Devils",
"Seton Hall Pirates"
]
} |
the cold dry winds that blow over northern india in winter are called | [
"Northeast Monsoon",
"Retreating Monsoon",
"Northeast Monsoon or Retreating Monsoon"
] | [
{
"title": "Climate of India",
"text": "a different monsoon cycle, the northeast (or \"retreating\") monsoon, brings dry, cool, and dense air masses to large parts of India.It is called autumn. Winds spill across the Himalayas and flow to the southwest across the country, resulting in clear, sunny skies. Th... | {
"title": "Climate of Asia",
"long_answer": "Around September, with the sun fast retreating south, the northern land mass of the Indian subcontinent begins to cool off rapidly. With this air pressure begins to build over northern India, the Indian Ocean and its surrounding atmosphere still holds its heat. This causes the cold wind to sweep down from the Himalayas and Indo-Gangetic Plain towards the vast spans of the Indian Ocean south of the Deccan peninsula. This is known as the Northeast Monsoon or Retreating Monsoon.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Around September, with the sun fast retreating south, the northern land mass of the Indian subcontinent begins to cool off rapidly. With this air pressure begins to build over northern India, the Indian Ocean and its surrounding atmosphere still holds its heat. This causes the cold wind to sweep down from the Himalayas and Indo-Gangetic Plain towards the vast spans of the Indian Ocean south of the Deccan peninsula. This is known as the Northeast Monsoon or Retreating Monsoon.",
"short_answers": [
"Northeast Monsoon",
"Northeast Monsoon or Retreating Monsoon",
"Retreating Monsoon"
]
} |
how long has tom brady been the patriots quarterback | [
"2001",
"16 seasons"
] | [
{
"title": "Tom Brady",
"text": "throwing for 154 passing yards, two touchdowns, and three interceptions in a Wild Card Round loss to the Baltimore Ravens, 33–14, his first career home playoff loss, and the first playoff loss at home by a Patriots quarterback since 1978 (Steve Grogan). On September 10, 2010... | {
"title": "Tom Brady",
"long_answer": "After playing college football for the University of Michigan, Brady was drafted by the Patriots in the sixth round of the 2000 NFL Draft. Due to his late draft selection, Brady is considered to be the biggest \"steal\" in the history of the NFL Draft. In Brady's 16 seasons as a starter, he has quarterbacked the Patriots to eight Super Bowl appearances, the most for any player in history.",
"chunked_long_answer": "After playing college football for the University of Michigan, Brady was drafted by the Patriots in the sixth round of the 2000 NFL Draft. Due to his late draft selection, Brady is considered to be the biggest \"steal\" in the history of the NFL Draft. In Brady's 16 seasons as a starter, he has quarterbacked the Patriots to eight Super Bowl appearances, the most for any player in history.",
"short_answers": [
"16 seasons"
]
} |
who did the chiefs play in the playoffs | [
"the Tennessee Titans"
] | [
{
"title": "Kansas City Chiefs",
"text": "the AFC Divisional Playoffs. In a game where neither team punted, the Chiefs lost the shoot-out 38–31. It was the third time in nine seasons that the Chiefs went 8–0 at home in the regular season, only to lose their post-season opener at Arrowhead. After a disappoin... | {
"title": "Kansas City Chiefs",
"long_answer": "In the Wild Card round the Chiefs lost a tight game to the Tennessee Titans 22-21, allowing Derrick Henry to rush for 156 yards. That ended another disappointing season for the Chiefs, and extended their NFL record for most consecutive home playoff losses to six. ",
"chunked_long_answer": "In the Wild Card round the Chiefs lost a tight game to the Tennessee Titans 22-21, allowing Derrick Henry to rush for 156 yards. That ended another disappointing season for the Chiefs, and extended their NFL record for most consecutive home playoff losses to six.",
"short_answers": [
"the Tennessee Titans"
]
} |
what category was hurricane charley when it hit florida | [
"4",
"Category 4",
"Category 4"
] | [
{
"title": "Hurricane Charley",
"text": "and rounded the southwest portion of the subtropical ridge, becoming a major hurricane—a storm classified as a Category 3 hurricane or higher—just before making landfall on southern Cuba. Charley came ashore near Punta Cayamas with maximum sustained winds of and gust... | {
"title": "Hurricane Charley",
"long_answer": "Hurricane Charley was the third named storm, the second hurricane, and the second major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Charley lasted from August 9 to August 15, and at its peak intensity it attained 150 mph (240 km/h) winds, making it a strong Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It made landfall in southwestern Florida at maximum strength, making it the strongest hurricane to hit the United States since Hurricane Andrew struck Florida in 1992.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Hurricane Charley was the third named storm, the second hurricane, and the second major hurricane of the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season. Charley lasted from August 9 to August 15, and at its peak intensity it attained 150 mph (240 km/h) winds, making it a strong Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. It made landfall in southwestern Florida at maximum strength, making it the strongest hurricane to hit the United States since Hurricane Andrew struck Florida in 1992.",
"short_answers": [
"4",
"Category 4"
]
} |
where in the bible is the book of revelation | [
"last book",
"in the New Testament"
] | [
{
"title": "Book of Revelation",
"text": "used allowed him to use the Hebrew Scriptures as the source and also use basic techniques of parallel formation, thereby alluding to the Hebrew Scriptures. In order of appearance: Book of Revelation The Book of Revelation, often called the Revelation to John, the Ap... | {
"title": "Book of Revelation",
"long_answer": "The Book of Revelation, often called the Revelation to John, the Apocalypse of John, The Revelation, or simply Revelation or Apocalypse, is a book of the New Testament that occupies a central place in Christian eschatology. Its title is derived from the first word of the text, written in Koine Greek: apokalypsis, meaning \"unveiling\" or \"revelation\" (before title pages and titles, books were commonly known by their first words, as is also the case of the Hebrew Five Books of Moses (Torah). The Book of Revelation is the only apocalyptic document in the New Testament canon (although there are short apocalyptic passages in various places in the Gospels and the Epistles).",
"chunked_long_answer": "Apocalypse of John, The Revelation, or simply Revelation or Apocalypse, is a book of the New Testament that occupies a central place in Christian eschatology. Its title is derived from the first word of the text, written in Koine Greek: apokalypsis, meaning \"unveiling\" or \"revelation\" (before title pages and titles, books were commonly known by their first words, as is also the case of the Hebrew Five Books of Moses (Torah). The Book of Revelation is the only apocalyptic document in the New Testament canon (although there are short apocalyptic passages in various places in the Gospels and the Epistles).",
"short_answers": [
"in the New Testament"
]
} |
who has the most votes for the all star game | [
"fan voting"
] | [
{
"title": "All-Star Final Vote",
"text": "All-Star Final Vote All-Star Final Vote is an annual Internet and text message ballot by Major League Baseball fans to elect the final player for each team that participates in the Major League Baseball All-Star Game after all other selections have been made and an... | {
"title": "NBA All-Star Game",
"long_answer": "The starting five from each conference consists of three frontcourt players and two guards, selected by a combination of fan, player, and media voting. In 2017, the NBA moved from a pure fan vote to a weighted process wherein fan voting accounts for 50% of the total and player and media voting account for 25% each. The league made the change in response to social media campaigns that resulted in mediocre players such as journeyman Zaza Pachulia nearly being voted as All-Star starters over more deserving players., Prior to 2013, fans selected two forwards and one center instead of generic frontcourt players. The NBA in 2003 began offering All-Star ballots in three languages—English, Spanish and Chinese—for fan voting of the starters.",
"chunked_long_answer": "and media voting. In 2017, the NBA moved from a pure fan vote to a weighted process wherein fan voting accounts for 50% of the total and player and media voting account for 25% each. The league made the change in response to social media campaigns that resulted in mediocre players such as journeyman Zaza Pachulia nearly being voted as All-Star starters over more deserving players., Prior to 2013, fans selected two forwards and one center instead of generic frontcourt players. The NBA in 2003 began offering All-Star ballots in three languages—English, Spanish and Chinese—for fan voting of the starters.",
"short_answers": [
"fan voting"
]
} |
when was the first mad max movie release | [
"12 April 1979",
"April 1979",
"1979"
] | [
{
"title": "Mad Max (franchise)",
"text": "released internationally in 1980. It became a top-grossing Australian film, while holding the record in the \"Guinness Book of Records\" for decades as the most profitable film ever created, and has been credited for further opening the global market to Australian ... | {
"title": "Mad Max",
"long_answer": "Mad Max is a 1979 Australian dystopian action film directed by George Miller, produced by Byron Kennedy, and starring Mel Gibson as \"Mad\" Max Rockatansky, Joanne Samuel, Hugh Keays-Byrne, Steve Bisley, Tim Burns, and Roger Ward. James McCausland and Miller wrote the screenplay from a story by Miller and Kennedy. The film presents a tale of societal collapse, murder, and revenge set in a future Australia, in which an unhinged policeman becomes embroiled in a violent feud with a savage motorcycle gang. Principal photography took place in and around Melbourne, Australia, and lasted six weeks.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Mad Max is a 1979 Australian dystopian action film directed by George Miller, produced by Byron Kennedy, and starring Mel Gibson as \"Mad\" Max Rockatansky, Joanne Samuel, Hugh Keays-Byrne, Steve Bisley, Tim Burns, and Roger Ward. James McCausland and Miller wrote the screenplay from a story by Miller and Kennedy. The film presents a tale of societal collapse, murder, and revenge set in a future Australia, in which an unhinged policeman becomes embroiled in a violent feud with a savage motorcycle gang. Principal photography took place in and around Melbourne, Australia, and lasted six weeks.",
"short_answers": [
"1979"
]
} |
what does the adrenal gland produce that is necessary for the sympathetic nervous system to function | [
"epinephrine"
] | [
{
"title": "Adrenal gland",
"text": "a characteristic not present in all sympathetic organs. Glucocorticoids produced in the adrenal cortex were once thought to be responsible for the differentiation of chromaffin cells. More recent research suggests that BMP-4 secreted in adrenal tissue is the main respons... | {
"title": "Sympathetic nervous system",
"long_answer": "Sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes vasoconstriction of most blood vessels, including many of those in the skin, the digestive tract, and the kidneys. This occurs as a result of activation of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors by norepinephrine released by post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons. These receptors exist throughout the vasculature of the body but are inhibited and counterbalanced by beta-2 adrenergic receptors (stimulated by epinephrine release from the adrenal glands) in the skeletal muscles, the heart, the lungs, and the brain during a sympathoadrenal response. The net effect of this is a shunting of blood away from the organs not necessary to the immediate survival of the organism and an increase in blood flow to those organs involved in intense physical activity.",
"chunked_long_answer": "causes vasoconstriction of most blood vessels, including many of those in the skin, the digestive tract, and the kidneys. This occurs as a result of activation of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors by norepinephrine released by post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons. These receptors exist throughout the vasculature of the body but are inhibited and counterbalanced by beta-2 adrenergic receptors (stimulated by epinephrine release from the adrenal glands) in the skeletal muscles, the heart, the lungs, and the brain during a sympathoadrenal response. The net effect of this is a shunting of blood away from the organs not necessary to the immediate survival of the",
"short_answers": [
"epinephrine"
]
} |
what is the most fundamental unit of life according to the cell theory | [
"cells"
] | [
{
"title": "Rudolf Virchow",
"text": "the microscopic level, as the basic principles of investigation in medical sciences. He went further and stated that the cell was the basic unit of the body that had to be studied to understand disease. Although the term 'cell' had been coined in the 1665 by an English ... | {
"title": "Cell theory",
"long_answer": "In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms and also the basic unit of reproduction. With continual improvements made to microscopes over time, magnification technology advanced enough to discover cells in the 17th century. This discovery is largely attributed to Robert Hooke, and began the scientific study of cells, also known as cell biology. Over a century later, many debates about cells began amongst scientists. Most of these debates involved the nature of cellular regeneration, and the idea of cells as a fundamental unit of life. Cell theory was eventually formulated in 1839. This is usually credited to Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann. However, many other scientists like Rudolf Virchow contributed to the theory.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In biology, cell theory is the historic scientific theory, now universally accepted, that living organisms are made up of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all organisms and also the basic unit of reproduction. With continual improvements made to microscopes over time, magnification technology advanced enough to discover cells in the 17th century. This discovery is largely attributed to Robert Hooke, and began the scientific study of cells, also known as cell biology. Over a century later, many debates about cells began amongst scientists. Most of these debates involved the nature of cellular regeneration, and the idea of cells as a fundamental unit of life. ",
"short_answers": [
"cells"
]
} |
who sings god is great beer is good | [
"Currington"
] | [
{
"title": "In Heaven There Is No Beer",
"text": "In Heaven There Is No Beer \"In Heaven There Is No Beer\" is a song about the existential pleasures of beer drinking. The title of the song is the reason for drinking beer while you are still alive. The song in German is \"Im Himmel gibt's kein Bier\", in Sp... | {
"title": "People Are Crazy",
"long_answer": "\"People Are Crazy\" centralizes on the male narrator and an old man whom he meets in a bar. In the first verse, the two of them converse, which leads to the old man saying, \"God is great, beer is good / And people are crazy.\" They continue to converse throughout the second verse as well before parting ways. In the third verse, some time has passed, and the narrator reads the old man's obituary in the paper. He discovers that the now dead old man was a millionaire and \"left his fortune to / Some guy he barely knew\" (i.e., the narrator). After this discovery, the narrator also declares that \"people are crazy.\" The song is in a 4/4 time signature and a moderate tempo, in the key of F major, using a main chord pattern of F–C–Dm–B♭. Currington's vocals range from B♭3 to D5.",
"chunked_long_answer": "They continue to converse throughout the second verse as well before parting ways. In the third verse, some time has passed, and the narrator reads the old man's obituary in the paper. He discovers that the now dead old man was a millionaire and \"left his fortune to / Some guy he barely knew\" (i.e., the narrator). After this discovery, the narrator also declares that \"people are crazy.\" The song is in a 4/4 time signature and a moderate tempo, in the key of F major, using a main chord pattern of F–C–Dm–B♭. Currington's vocals range from B♭3 to D5.",
"short_answers": [
"Currington"
]
} |
when did toyota start making cars in the us | [
"by the early 1980s",
"1984"
] | [
{
"title": "Toyota",
"text": "companies Citroën and Peugeot a year after Toyota started producing cars in France. A youth-oriented marque for North America, Scion, was introduced in 2003. Toyota ranked eighth on Forbes 2000 list of the world's leading companies for the year 2005 but slid to 55th for 2011. T... | {
"title": "Toyota",
"long_answer": "Toyota has a large presence in the United States with six major assembly plants in Huntsville, Alabama, Georgetown, Kentucky, Princeton, Indiana, San Antonio, Texas, Buffalo, West Virginia, and Blue Springs, Mississippi. Toyota had a joint-venture operation with General Motors at New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. in Fremont, California, which began in 1984 and ended in 2009. It still has a joint venture with Subaru at Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc. in Lafayette, Indiana, which started in 2006. In these assembly plants, the Camry and the Tundra are manufactured, among others.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Toyota has a large presence in the United States with six major assembly plants in Huntsville, Alabama, Georgetown, Kentucky, Princeton, Indiana, San Antonio, Texas, Buffalo, West Virginia, and Blue Springs, Mississippi. Toyota had a joint-venture operation with General Motors at New United Motor Manufacturing Inc. in Fremont, California, which began in 1984 and ended in 2009. It still has a joint venture with Subaru at Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc. in Lafayette, Indiana, which started in 2006. In these assembly plants, the Camry and the Tundra are manufactured, among others.",
"short_answers": [
"1984"
]
} |
the art and science of making objects from clay is called | [
"Ceramic art",
"Ceramic"
] | [
{
"title": "Clay chemistry",
"text": "Clay chemistry Clay chemistry is an applied subdiscipline of chemistry which studies the chemical structures, properties and reactions of or involving clays and clay minerals. It is a multidisciplinary field, involving concepts and knowledge from inorganic and structura... | {
"title": "Ceramic art",
"long_answer": "Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials, including clay. It may take forms including art ware, tile, figurines, sculpture, and tableware. Ceramic art is one of the arts, particularly the visual arts. Of these, it is one of the plastic arts. While some ceramics are considered fine art, as pottery or sculpture, some are considered to be decorative, industrial or applied art objects. Ceramics may also be considered artefacts in archaeology. Ceramic art can be made by one person or by a group of people. In a pottery or ceramic factory, a group of people design, manufacture and decorate the art ware. Products from a pottery are sometimes referred to as \"art pottery\". In a one-person pottery studio, ceramists or potters produce studio pottery.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials, including clay. It may take forms including art ware, tile, figurines, sculpture, and tableware. Ceramic art is one of the arts, particularly the visual arts. Of these, it is one of the plastic arts. While some ceramics are considered fine art, as pottery or sculpture, some are considered to be decorative, industrial or applied art objects. Ceramics may also be considered artefacts in archaeology. Ceramic art can be made by one person or by a group of people. In a pottery or ceramic factory, a group of people design, manufacture and decorate",
"short_answers": [
"Ceramic",
"Ceramic art"
]
} |
who was the oldest man elected president of usa | [
"Ronald Reagan",
"Donald Trump"
] | [
{
"title": "James Bowler",
"text": "of Chicago, who had traveled to Salt Lake City for the ceremony. James Bowler James Bernard Bowler (February 5, 1875 – July 18, 1957) was a political figure from Chicago, Illinois (USA). He served three terms as a United States Representative for Illinois. Bowler is the o... | {
"title": "List of presidents of the United States by age",
"long_answer": "The median age upon accession to the presidency is 55 years and 3 months. This is how old Lyndon B. Johnson was at the time of his inauguration. The youngest person to assume the office was Theodore Roosevelt, who became president at the age of 42 years, 322 days, following William McKinley's assassination; the oldest was Donald Trump, who was 70 years, 220 days old at his inauguration. The youngest person to be elected president was John F. Kennedy, at 43 years, 163 days of age on election day; the oldest was Ronald Reagan, who was 73 years, 274 days old at the time of his election to a second term.",
"chunked_long_answer": "and 3 months. This is how old Lyndon B. Johnson was at the time of his inauguration. The youngest person to assume the office was Theodore Roosevelt, who became president at the age of 42 years, 322 days, following William McKinley's assassination; the oldest was Donald Trump, who was 70 years, 220 days old at his inauguration. The youngest person to be elected president was John F. Kennedy, at 43 years, 163 days of age on election day; the oldest was Ronald Reagan, who was 73 years, 274 days old at the time of his election to a second term.",
"short_answers": [
"Ronald Reagan"
]
} |
what is the name of the muslim dress | [
"hijab"
] | [
{
"title": "Taqiyah (cap)",
"text": "There is the kufi, which is worn with the grand boubou. The West African robe is called a Senegalese kaftan. The traditional wedding attire is the dashiki suit. The traditional women's attire is the kaftan or the wrapper. Most converts use the name Kufi when referring to... | {
"title": "Islam and clothing",
"long_answer": "The Qur'an admonishes Muslim women to dress modestly and cover their breasts and genitals but it doesn't require covering the head. The Qur'an explicitly states that \"O wives of the Prophet, you are not like anyone among women\" and as such has separate rules specifically for the wives of the Prophet. Wearing hijab, or al-khimar, is considered by some to be obligatory in Islam, as the quote states \"Tell the believing women to put their khimar over their bosoms\", all the major Arab translations and dictionaries agree that \"al-khimar\" means a veil or scarf that a woman uses to cover her head, and \"over their bosoms\" implies women should cover their breasts, necks etc. ",
"chunked_long_answer": "but it doesn't require covering the head. The Qur'an explicitly states that \"O wives of the Prophet, you are not like anyone among women\" and as such has separate rules specifically for the wives of the Prophet. Wearing hijab, or al-khimar, is considered by some to be obligatory in Islam, as the quote states \"Tell the believing women to put their khimar over their bosoms\", all the major Arab translations and dictionaries agree that \"al-khimar\" means a veil or scarf that a woman uses to cover her head, and \"over their bosoms\" implies women should cover their breasts, necks etc. ",
"short_answers": [
"hijab"
]
} |
what is the democracy of the united states | [
"federal republic"
] | [
{
"title": "Democracy in America",
"text": "democracy in the United States, discussing possible threats \"to\" democracy and possible dangers \"of\" democracy. These include his belief that democracy has a tendency to degenerate into \"soft despotism\" as well as the risk of developing a tyranny of the majo... | {
"title": "Politics of the United States",
"long_answer": "The United States is a federal republic in which the president, Congress, and federal courts share powers reserved to the national government according to its Constitution. The federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments.\n",
"chunked_long_answer": "The United States is a federal republic in which the president, Congress, and federal courts share powers reserved to the national government according to its Constitution. The federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments.",
"short_answers": [
"federal republic"
]
} |
when did the democratic party change its name | [
"the 1830s"
] | [
{
"title": "Democrat Party (epithet)",
"text": "always said \"Democratic Party\" and would continue to do so, which contrasted with his predecessor, Meade Alcorn, and with National Republican Senatorial Committee chairman Barry Goldwater, both of whom used \"Democrat Party\". According to Congressional Quar... | {
"title": "History of the United States Democratic Party",
"long_answer": "The modern Democratic Party emerged in the 1830s from former factions of the Democratic-Republican Party, which had largely collapsed by 1824. It was built by Martin Van Buren who assembled a cadre of politicians in every state behind war hero Andrew Jackson of Tennessee.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The modern Democratic Party emerged in the 1830s from former factions of the Democratic-Republican Party, which had largely collapsed by 1824. It was built by Martin Van Buren who assembled a cadre of politicians in every state behind war hero Andrew Jackson of Tennessee.",
"short_answers": [
"the 1830s"
]
} |
what percentage of global man-made co2 emissions comes from worldwide aviation | [
"4 percent cumulative effect"
] | [
{
"title": "Airline",
"text": "global anthropogenic GHG emissions per annum. North America accounts for nearly 40 percent of the world's GHG emissions from aviation fuel use. CO2 emissions from the jet fuel burned per passenger on an average airline flight is about 353 kilograms (776 pounds). Loss of natura... | {
"title": "Environmental impact of aviation",
"long_answer": "In 1999 the contribution of civil aircraft-in-flight to global CO2 emissions was estimated to be around 2%. However, in the case of high-altitude airliners which frequently fly near or in the stratosphere, non-CO2 altitude-sensitive effects may increase the total impact on anthropogenic (human-made) climate change significantly. A 2007 report from Environmental Change Institute / Oxford University posits a range closer to 4 percent cumulative effect. Subsonic aircraft-in-flight contribute to climate change in four ways:",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1999 the contribution of civil aircraft-in-flight to global CO2 emissions was estimated to be around 2%. However, in the case of high-altitude airliners which frequently fly near or in the stratosphere, non-CO2 altitude-sensitive effects may increase the total impact on anthropogenic (human-made) climate change significantly. A 2007 report from Environmental Change Institute / Oxford University posits a range closer to 4 percent cumulative effect. Subsonic aircraft-in-flight contribute to climate change in four ways:",
"short_answers": [
"4 percent cumulative effect"
]
} |
who won the 7 man elimination chamber match | [
"Roman Reigns"
] | [
{
"title": "Elimination Chamber (2018)",
"text": "simultaneously pinned Wyatt, and it was decided that both would be a part of the Elimination Chamber match, marking the first seven-man chamber match. The following week, all seven men participated in a gauntlet match that began with Reigns and Rollins. Reig... | {
"title": "Elimination Chamber (2018)",
"long_answer": "Six matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show. In the main event, Roman Reigns won the first-ever seven-man Elimination Chamber match to become the number one contender against Brock Lesnar for the Universal Championship at WrestleMania 34. On the undercard, Alexa Bliss retained the Raw Women's Championship in the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match, and Asuka defeated Nia Jax to extend her undefeated streak and to keep Jax from being added to her WrestleMania 34 championship match. The event was also notable for Ronda Rousey signing her Raw contract, where she had a confrontation with Chief Operating Officer Triple H and Raw Commissioner Stephanie McMahon, which was the former's first appearance since the night after Survivor Series.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Six matches were contested at the event, including one on the pre-show. In the main event, Roman Reigns won the first-ever seven-man Elimination Chamber match to become the number one contender against Brock Lesnar for the Universal Championship at WrestleMania 34. On the undercard, Alexa Bliss retained the Raw Women's Championship in the first-ever women's Elimination Chamber match, and Asuka defeated Nia Jax to extend her undefeated streak and to keep Jax from being added to her WrestleMania 34 championship match. The event was also notable for Ronda Rousey signing her Raw contract, where she had a confrontation with Chief",
"short_answers": [
"Roman Reigns"
]
} |
when did the royal mint move to wales | [
"1968",
"the 1960s.",
"17 December 1968",
"the 1960s"
] | [
{
"title": "Llantrisant",
"text": "coins, moved from London to Llantrisant in 1967 in order to meet demand when the UK converted to decimal currency. The Royal Mint is now entirely located in Llantrisant after a phased move, and employs over 900 workers on its 38-acre site. In addition to British coins, the... | {
"title": "Royal Mint",
"long_answer": "Work on the new mint began in August 1967 with the construction of a blank treatment plant and plant for striking. This first phase of the mint was officially opened on 17 December 1968 by the royal attendance of Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip and their son Prince Charles. Originally there were fears that the Royal family would face protests because of the Investiture of Prince Charles as the Prince of Wales; however, such protests failed to materialise. The second phase of construction began in 1973 and included the addition of a means to mint coins from virgin metals completing the full minting process. Upon completion the final cost for the land, buildings and plant came to £8 million. Coin minting and production gradually shifted to the new site over the next seven years until the last coin, a gold sovereign, was struck in London in November 1975. In an attempt to consolidate all previous coin-related acts, the Coinage Act of 1971 was passed, which among other things effectively abolished the individual role of Master of the Mint. Under this act, the Chancellor of the Exchequer took over the role, with a Deputy Master being appointed by the Treasury to exercise all the powers and duties of the Master within the mint.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Work on the new mint began in August 1967 with the construction of a blank treatment plant and plant for striking. This first phase of the mint was officially opened on 17 December 1968 by the royal attendance of Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Philip and their son Prince Charles. Originally there were fears that the Royal family would face protests because of the Investiture of Prince Charles as the Prince of Wales; however, such protests failed to materialise. The second phase of construction began in 1973 and included the addition of a means to mint coins from virgin metals completing",
"short_answers": [
"17 December 1968",
"1968"
]
} |
when did marathon change its name to snickers | [
"19 July 1990"
] | [
{
"title": "Snickers",
"text": "bar was marketed under the name \"Marathon\" in the UK and Ireland until 1990, when Mars decided to align the UK product with the global Snickers name (Mars had marketed and discontinued an unrelated bar named Marathon in the United States during the 1970s). There are also se... | {
"title": "Snickers",
"long_answer": "In the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man, and Ireland, Snickers was sold under the brand name Marathon until 19 July 1990. Snickers brand Marathon energy bars have since been sold in some markets.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In the United Kingdom, the Isle of Man, and Ireland, Snickers was sold under the brand name Marathon until 19 July 1990. Snickers brand Marathon energy bars have since been sold in some markets.",
"short_answers": [
"19 July 1990"
]
} |
who sold out jesus for 30 pieces of silver | [
"Judas Iscariot"
] | [
{
"title": "Jesus piece (jewelry)",
"text": "Jesus piece (jewelry) A Jesus piece is a spiritual or religious piece of jewelry that is popular in the Hip-Hop community and depicts the face of Jesus. Many Hip-Hop artists and celebrities, including The Notorious B.I.G., Jay-Z, Kanye West among others, have ado... | {
"title": "Thirty pieces of silver",
"long_answer": "Thirty pieces of silver was the price for which Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus, according to an account in the Gospel of Matthew 26:15 in the New Testament. Before the Last Supper, Judas is said to have gone to the chief priests and agreed to hand over Jesus in exchange for 30 silver coins, and to have attempted to return the money afterwards, filled with remorse.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Thirty pieces of silver was the price for which Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus, according to an account in the Gospel of Matthew 26:15 in the New Testament. Before the Last Supper, Judas is said to have gone to the chief priests and agreed to hand over Jesus in exchange for 30 silver coins, and to have attempted to return the money afterwards, filled with remorse.",
"short_answers": [
"Judas Iscariot"
]
} |
a synonym for the content component of communication is | [
"information"
] | [
{
"title": "Communication",
"text": "Communication Communication (from Latin \"commūnicāre\", meaning \"to share\") is the act of conveying meanings from one entity or group to another through the use of mutually understood signs, symbols, and semiotic rules. The main steps inherent to all communication are... | {
"title": "Content (media)",
"long_answer": "In publishing, art, and communication, content is the information and experiences that are directed towards an end-user or audience. Content is \"something that is to be expressed through some medium, as speech, writing or any of various arts\". Content can be delivered via many different media including the Internet, cinema, television, smartphones, audio CDs, books, e-books, magazines, and live events, such as speech, conferences and stage performances.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In publishing, art, and communication, content is the information and experiences that are directed towards an end-user or audience. Content is \"something that is to be expressed through some medium, as speech, writing or any of various arts\". Content can be delivered via many different media including the Internet, cinema, television, smartphones, audio CDs, books, e-books, magazines, and live events, such as speech, conferences and stage performances.",
"short_answers": [
"information"
]
} |
the initial unification of upper and lower egypt took place during which period | [
"3000 BC",
"c. 3000 BC"
] | [
{
"title": "Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)",
"text": "Egypt, occurred. At the same time the societies of the Nile Delta, or Lower Egypt also underwent a unification process. Warfare between Upper and Lower Egypt occurred often. During his reign in Upper Egypt, King Narmer defeated his enemies on the Delta an... | {
"title": "Upper and Lower Egypt",
"long_answer": "The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united c. 3000 BC, but each maintained its own regalia: the hedjet or White Crown for Upper Egypt and the deshret or Red Crown for Lower Egypt. Thus, the pharaohs were known as the rulers of the Two Lands, and wore the pschent, a double crown, each half representing sovereignty of one of the kingdoms. Ancient Egyptian tradition credited Menes, now believed to be the same as Narmer, as the king who united Upper and Lower Egypt. On the Narmer Palette the king is depicted wearing the Red Crown in one scene and the White crown in another, and thereby showing his rule over both Lands.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The two kingdoms of Upper and Lower Egypt were united c. 3000 BC, but each maintained its own regalia: the hedjet or White Crown for Upper Egypt and the deshret or Red Crown for Lower Egypt. Thus, the pharaohs were known as the rulers of the Two Lands, and wore the pschent, a double crown, each half representing sovereignty of one of the kingdoms. Ancient Egyptian tradition credited Menes, now believed to be the same as Narmer, as the king who united Upper and Lower Egypt. On the Narmer Palette the king is depicted wearing the Red Crown in one",
"short_answers": [
"3000 BC",
"c. 3000 BC"
]
} |
where is the new football stadium in atlanta | [
"Mercedes-Benz Stadium"
] | [
{
"title": "Mercedes-Benz Stadium",
"text": "suites and exhibition area. In April 2012, Populous released a new price estimate of $947.7 million, which was significantly higher than the previous proposal of $700 million. In April 2012, \"The Atlanta Journal-Constitution\" reported that if a deal is reached,... | {
"title": "Mercedes-Benz Stadium",
"long_answer": "Mercedes-Benz Stadium is a multi-purpose retractable roof stadium located in Atlanta, Georgia. The home of the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL) and Atlanta United FC of Major League Soccer (MLS), it replaced the adjacent Georgia Dome, the Falcons' home stadium for a quarter century, from 1992 through 2016.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Mercedes-Benz Stadium is a multi-purpose retractable roof stadium located in Atlanta, Georgia. The home of the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL) and Atlanta United FC of Major League Soccer (MLS), it replaced the adjacent Georgia Dome, the Falcons' home stadium for a quarter century, from 1992 through 2016.",
"short_answers": [
"Mercedes-Benz Stadium"
]
} |
where do the sharks play in san jose | [
"the SAP Center",
"SAP Center",
"SAP Center at San Jose"
] | [
{
"title": "San Jose Sharks",
"text": "the Sharks' blue line, and on January 12, he played in his first game at HP Pavilion in over seven years. In the first round of the 2013 playoffs, the Sharks swept the Vancouver Canucks, their first series-sweep in franchise history. The Sharks would subsequently fall ... | {
"title": "San Jose Sharks",
"long_answer": "The San Jose Sharks are a professional ice hockey team based in San Jose, California. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The franchise is owned by San Jose Sports & Entertainment Enterprises. Beginning play in the 1991–92 season, the Sharks initially played their home games at the Cow Palace, before they moved to their present home, the SAP Center at San Jose in 1993. The SAP Center is known locally as the Shark Tank.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The San Jose Sharks are a professional ice hockey team based in San Jose, California. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The franchise is owned by San Jose Sports & Entertainment Enterprises. Beginning play in the 1991–92 season, the Sharks initially played their home games at the Cow Palace, before they moved to their present home, the SAP Center at San Jose in 1993. The SAP Center is known locally as the Shark Tank.",
"short_answers": [
"SAP Center at San Jose",
"the SAP Center"
]
} |
where are more than half your bones located | [
"the appendicular skeleton"
] | [
{
"title": "Irregular bone",
"text": "is the place in the human body where the most irregular bones can be found. There are, in all, 33 irregular bones found here. The irregular bones are: the vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, palatine, inferior nasal conc... | {
"title": "List of bones of the human skeleton",
"long_answer": "The skeleton of an adult human consists of 206 bones. It is composed of 301 bones at birth, which decreases to 94 bones in the axial skeleton (28 in the skull and 52 in the torso) and 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton (32 × 2 in the upper extremities including both arms and 31 × 2 in the lower extremities including both legs). Many small and variable supernumerary bones, such as some sesamoid bones, are not included in this count.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The skeleton of an adult human consists of 206 bones. It is composed of 301 bones at birth, which decreases to 94 bones in the axial skeleton (28 in the skull and 52 in the torso) and 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton (32 × 2 in the upper extremities including both arms and 31 × 2 in the lower extremities including both legs). Many small and variable supernumerary bones, such as some sesamoid bones, are not included in this count.",
"short_answers": [
"the appendicular skeleton"
]
} |
when does the champions league round of 16 start | [
"13 February"
] | [
{
"title": "2018–19 UEFA Champions League knockout phase",
"text": "are held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland). The draw for the round of 16 was held on 17 December 2018, 12:00 CET. The first legs will be played on 12, 13, 19 and 20 February, and the second legs will be played on 5, 6, 12 and 1... | {
"title": "2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase",
"long_answer": "The 2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase began on 13 February and will end on 26 May 2018 with the final at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine, to decide the champions of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League. A total of 16 teams compete in the knockout phase.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The 2017–18 UEFA Champions League knockout phase began on 13 February and will end on 26 May 2018 with the final at the NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium in Kiev, Ukraine, to decide the champions of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League. A total of 16 teams compete in the knockout phase.",
"short_answers": [
"13 February"
]
} |
who was defeated in the french and indian war | [
"the French",
"Wabanaki Confederacy",
"British",
"France"
] | [
{
"title": "John B. McClelland",
"text": "John B. McClelland John B. McClelland (1734–1782) was an officer in the American Revolutionary War. He was captured by American Indians during the Crawford Expedition and tortured to death at the Shawnee town of Wakatomika, which is currently located in Logan County... | {
"title": "French and Indian War",
"long_answer": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded to Great Britain its territory east of the Mississippi. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida. (Spain had ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba.) France's colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, confirming Great Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in eastern North America.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded to Great Britain its territory east of the Mississippi. It ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (including New Orleans) to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida. (Spain had ceded Florida to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba.) France's colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, confirming Great Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in eastern North America.",
"short_answers": [
"France"
]
} |
who dies in the beginning of deathly hallows part 1 | [
"Mad-Eye Moody",
"Hedwig"
] | [
{
"title": "Ministry of Magic",
"text": "\"Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1\" and \"Part 2\", in which he is portrayed as being a Death Eater even before Scrimgeour's death; there is no mention of the Imperius Curse being used to secure his support. In \"Part 2\", Thicknesse is killed by Voldem... | {
"title": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1",
"long_answer": "The Order of the Phoenix gather and escort Harry to safety, using Polyjuice Potion to create decoy Harrys for the trip. During their flight they all are ambushed by Death Eaters who kill Mad-Eye Moody and Hedwig, injure George Weasley, and knock out Hagrid. After arriving at the Burrow, Harry has a vision of the wand-maker Ollivander being tortured by Voldemort. The next day Scrimgeour arrives at the Burrow with Albus Dumbledore's will and distributes three items to Ron, Hermione, and Harry. Ron receives Dumbledore's Deluminator, Hermione receives a copy of The Tales of Beedle the Bard, and Harry receives the first Golden Snitch that he ever caught in a Quidditch match. Scrimgeour reveals that Harry was also bequeathed the Sword of Godric Gryffindor. The minister tells Harry that the sword was not Dumbledore's to bequeath, and in any case is missing.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Order of the Phoenix gather and escort Harry to safety, using Polyjuice Potion to create decoy Harrys for the trip. During their flight they all are ambushed by Death Eaters who kill Mad-Eye Moody and Hedwig, injure George Weasley, and knock out Hagrid. After arriving at the Burrow, Harry has a vision of the wand-maker Ollivander being tortured by Voldemort. The next day Scrimgeour arrives at the Burrow with Albus Dumbledore's will and distributes three items to Ron, Hermione, and Harry. Ron receives Dumbledore's Deluminator, Hermione receives a copy of The Tales of Beedle the Bard, and Harry receives",
"short_answers": [
"Hedwig",
"Mad-Eye Moody"
]
} |
who wrote the music phantom of the opera | [
"Andrew Lloyd Webber"
] | [
{
"title": "The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)",
"text": "to \"Phantom\", written by Lloyd Webber, Ben Elton, Frederick Forsyth and Glenn Slater, is called \"Love Never Dies\". It was loosely adapted from the 1999 novel \"The Phantom of Manhattan\", by Forsyth. Set in 1907 (a decade after the conclusio... | {
"title": "The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)",
"long_answer": "The Phantom of the Opera is a musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe. Lloyd Webber and Stilgoe also wrote the musical's book together. Based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux, its central plot revolves around a beautiful soprano, Christine Daaé, who becomes the obsession of a mysterious, disfigured musical genius living in the subterranean labyrinth beneath the Opera Populaire.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Phantom of the Opera is a musical with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Charles Hart and Richard Stilgoe. Lloyd Webber and Stilgoe also wrote the musical's book together. Based on the French novel Le Fantôme de l'Opéra by Gaston Leroux, its central plot revolves around a beautiful soprano, Christine Daaé, who becomes the obsession of a mysterious, disfigured musical genius living in the subterranean labyrinth beneath the Opera Populaire.",
"short_answers": [
"Andrew Lloyd Webber"
]
} |
what is cost of first class mail stamp | [
"49 cents",
"47 cents",
".49"
] | [
{
"title": "History of United States postage rates",
"text": "service, officially ended May 1, 1977. By that time all domestic First Class Mail was being dispatched by the most expeditious means, surface or air, whether or not the Air Mail postage had been paid. Additional charges for Special delivery exist... | {
"title": "History of United States postage rates",
"long_answer": "On September 25, 2013, the USPS announced a 3 cent increase in the First Class postal rate, to be effective January 26, 2014, increasing the price of a stamp to 49 cents. Bulk mail, periodicals, and package service rates were also increased by 6 percent. A loss of US$5 billion during the 2013 fiscal year was the reason given for the increase.",
"chunked_long_answer": "On September 25, 2013, the USPS announced a 3 cent increase in the First Class postal rate, to be effective January 26, 2014, increasing the price of a stamp to 49 cents. Bulk mail, periodicals, and package service rates were also increased by 6 percent. A loss of US$5 billion during the 2013 fiscal year was the reason given for the increase.",
"short_answers": [
"49 cents"
]
} |
who represented the state of tennessee in the scopes trial | [
"William Jennings Bryan"
] | [
{
"title": "Scopes Trial",
"text": "Scopes Trial The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case in July 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating T... | {
"title": "Scopes Trial",
"long_answer": "Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 ($1395 in 2017), but the verdict was overturned on a technicality. The trial served its purpose of drawing intense national publicity, as national reporters flocked to Dayton to cover the big-name lawyers who had agreed to represent each side. William Jennings Bryan, three-time presidential candidate, argued for the prosecution, while Clarence Darrow, the famed defense attorney, spoke for Scopes. The trial publicized the Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy, which set Modernists, who said evolution was not inconsistent with religion, against Fundamentalists, who said the word of God as revealed in the Bible took priority over all human knowledge. The case was thus seen as both a theological contest and a trial on whether \"modern science\" should be taught in schools.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 ($1395 in 2017), but the verdict was overturned on a technicality. The trial served its purpose of drawing intense national publicity, as national reporters flocked to Dayton to cover the big-name lawyers who had agreed to represent each side. William Jennings Bryan, three-time presidential candidate, argued for the prosecution, while Clarence Darrow, the famed defense attorney, spoke for Scopes. The trial publicized the Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy, which set Modernists, who said evolution was not inconsistent with religion, against Fundamentalists, who said the word of God as revealed in the Bible took priority over all",
"short_answers": [
"William Jennings Bryan"
]
} |
when was the land rover defender first built | [
"1991",
"1983",
"in the 1980s"
] | [
{
"title": "Land Rover Defender",
"text": "by the colours of the British countryside where Defenders have long since become part of the landscape. In January 2018 Land Rover unveiled the Defender Works V8 as part of the Defender's 70th Anniversary. The 150 examples feature a naturally-aspirated 5.0-litre Ja... | {
"title": "Land Rover Defender",
"long_answer": "The Land Rover Defender (initially called the Land Rover Ninety and Land Rover One Ten) is a British four-wheel drive off-road vehicle developed in the 1980s from the original Land Rover Series which was launched at the Amsterdam Motor Show in April 1948. After a continuous run of 67 years production finally ended on 29 January 2016 when the last Land Rover Defender, H166 HUE, rolled off the production line at 09:22hrs GMT. A special edition Defender Works V8, with 400bhp, was announced in January 2018. Jaguar Land Rover announced their intention to launch a completely new Defender.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Land Rover Defender (initially called the Land Rover Ninety and Land Rover One Ten) is a British four-wheel drive off-road vehicle developed in the 1980s from the original Land Rover Series which was launched at the Amsterdam Motor Show in April 1948. After a continuous run of 67 years production finally ended on 29 January 2016 when the last Land Rover Defender, H166 HUE, rolled off the production line at 09:22hrs GMT. A special edition Defender Works V8, with 400bhp, was announced in January 2018. Jaguar Land Rover announced their intention to launch a completely new Defender.",
"short_answers": [
"in the 1980s"
]
} |
who played the wicked witch in wicked on broadway | [
"Rachel Kelly Tucker"
] | [
{
"title": "Mandy Gonzalez",
"text": "role of Nina in the show's Off-Broadway production and received a Drama Desk Award for her portrayal. Gonzalez had previously been offered the role of Elphaba on the first national tour of \"Wicked\", which she would have taken over from Shoshana Bean in January 2007; i... | {
"title": "Rachel Tucker",
"long_answer": "Rachel Kelly Tucker (born 29 May 1981) is a Northern Irish singer and actress who competed as one of the finalists in the BBC talent show-themed television series I'd Do Anything in 2008. She is perhaps best known for playing Elphaba in the hit musical Wicked in the West End, where she played the role longer than any other actress in the production's history, and on Broadway.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Rachel Kelly Tucker (born 29 May 1981) is a Northern Irish singer and actress who competed as one of the finalists in the BBC talent show-themed television series I'd Do Anything in 2008. She is perhaps best known for playing Elphaba in the hit musical Wicked in the West End, where she played the role longer than any other actress in the production's history, and on Broadway.",
"short_answers": [
"Rachel Kelly Tucker"
]
} |
when did this season of american idol start | [
"March 11, 2018"
] | [
{
"title": "StarTomorrow",
"text": "to \"American idol\", 92 bands competed in weekly head-to-head competition, and bands that won were then given the chance to compete in the competition's second round. The show finale was in November 2006 and was eventually won by award winning artist, Cindy Alexander. Ho... | {
"title": "American Idol",
"long_answer": "American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller, produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment, and distributed by FremantleMedia North America. It initially aired on Fox from June 11, 2002 to April 7, 2016 for 15 seasons. On March 11, 2018, the 16th season made its debut on ABC.",
"chunked_long_answer": "American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller, produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment, and distributed by FremantleMedia North America. It initially aired on Fox from June 11, 2002 to April 7, 2016 for 15 seasons. On March 11, 2018, the 16th season made its debut on ABC.",
"short_answers": [
"March 11, 2018"
]
} |
what type of artwork was created in the safavid empire | [
"architecture",
"metal",
"ceramics",
"gardens",
"book",
"glass"
] | [
{
"title": "Safavid art",
"text": "tradition that appeared in the 15th century); sprinkled with gold, following a Chinese custom; or painted with colours or gold. The style of illustrations varied greatly from one manuscript to another, according to the period and centre of production. Three centres were ac... | {
"title": "Safavid art",
"long_answer": "Safavid art is the art of the Persian Safavid dynasty from 1501 to 1722, in present-day Iran and Caucasia. It was a high point for the art of the book and architecture; and also including ceramics, metal, glass, and gardens. The arts of the Safavid period show a far more unitary development than in any other period of Iranian art. The Safavid Empire was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. They ruled one of the greatest Persian empires, with artistic accomplishments, since the Muslim conquest of Persia.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Safavid art is the art of the Persian Safavid dynasty from 1501 to 1722, in present-day Iran and Caucasia. It was a high point for the art of the book and architecture; and also including ceramics, metal, glass, and gardens. The arts of the Safavid period show a far more unitary development than in any other period of Iranian art. The Safavid Empire was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran. They ruled one of the greatest Persian empires, with artistic accomplishments, since the Muslim conquest of Persia.",
"short_answers": [
"architecture",
"book",
"ceramics",
"gardens",
"glass",
"metal"
]
} |
who won the battle of britain in ww2 | [
"Britain",
"the United Kingdom",
"British"
] | [
{
"title": "Non-British personnel in the RAF during the Battle of Britain",
"text": "Zealander in the Battle was Air Vice Marshal Keith Park, a high scoring air ace in the First World War and a member of the RAF since its creation. He was Commander of No. 11 Group RAF, which was tasked with the defence of L... | {
"title": "Battle of Britain",
"long_answer": "The Battle of Britain marked the first major defeat of Hitler's military forces, with air superiority seen as the key to victory. Pre-war theories had led to exaggerated fears of strategic bombing, and UK public opinion was buoyed by coming through the ordeal. For the RAF, Fighter Command had achieved a great victory in successfully carrying out Sir Thomas Inskip's 1937 air policy of preventing the Germans from knocking Britain out of the war. Churchill concluded his famous 18 June 'Battle of Britain' speech in the House of Commons by referring to pilots and aircrew who fought the Battle: \"... if the British Empire and its Commonwealth lasts for a thousand years, men will still say, 'This was their finest hour.'\"",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Battle of Britain marked the first major defeat of Hitler's military forces, with air superiority seen as the key to victory. Pre-war theories had led to exaggerated fears of strategic bombing, and UK public opinion was buoyed by coming through the ordeal. For the RAF, Fighter Command had achieved a great victory in successfully carrying out Sir Thomas Inskip's 1937 air policy of preventing the Germans from knocking Britain out of the war. Churchill concluded his famous 18 June 'Battle of Britain' speech in the House of Commons by referring to pilots and aircrew who fought the Battle: \"... if the British Empire and its Commonwealth lasts for a thousand years, men will still say, 'This was their finest hour.'\"",
"short_answers": [
"Britain"
]
} |
what type of economic system was utilized in the soviet union | [
"communism",
"state ownership"
] | [
{
"title": "Soviet-type economic planning",
"text": "Soviet Union included a planning agency (Gosplan), an organization for allocating state supplies among the various organizations and enterprises in the economy (Gossnab), and enterprises which were engaged in the production and delivery of goods and servi... | {
"title": "Economy of the Soviet Union",
"long_answer": "The economy of the Soviet Union (Russian: экономика Советского Союза) was based on a system of state ownership of the means of production, collective farming, industrial manufacturing and centralized administrative planning. The economy was characterised by state control of investment, public ownership of industrial assets, macroeconomic stability, negligible unemployment and high job security.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The economy of the Soviet Union (Russian: экономика Советского Союза) was based on a system of state ownership of the means of production, collective farming, industrial manufacturing and centralized administrative planning. The economy was characterised by state control of investment, public ownership of industrial assets, macroeconomic stability, negligible unemployment and high job security.",
"short_answers": [
"state ownership"
]
} |
what is the function of a political action committee (pac) | [
"pools campaign contributions from members"
] | [
{
"title": "Political action committee",
"text": "finance experts have argued that this tactic is already illegal, since it would constitute a contribution in the name of another. The Center for Responsive Politics maintains a list of the largest PACs by election cycle on its website OpenSecrets.org. Their ... | {
"title": "Political action committee",
"long_answer": "In the United States and Canada, a political action committee (PAC) is a type of organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaign for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation. The legal term PAC has been created in pursuit of campaign finance reform in the United States. This term is quite specific to all activities of campaign finance in the United States. Democracies of other countries use different terms for the units of campaign spending or spending on political competition (see political finance). At the U.S. federal level, an organization becomes a PAC when it receives or spends more than $1,000 for the purpose of influencing a federal election, and registers with the Federal Election Commission, according to the Federal Election Campaign Act as amended by the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (also known as the McCain-Feingold Act). At the state level, an organization becomes a PAC according to the state's election laws.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In the United States and Canada, a political action committee (PAC) is a type of organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaign for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation. The legal term PAC has been created in pursuit of campaign finance reform in the United States. This term is quite specific to all activities of campaign finance in the United States. Democracies of other countries use different terms for the units of campaign spending or spending on political competition (see political finance). At the U.S. federal level, an organization becomes a PAC when",
"short_answers": [
"pools campaign contributions from members"
]
} |
what river is associated with the city of rome | [
"The Tiber",
"Tiber"
] | [
{
"title": "Founding of Rome",
"text": "to the middle of the 8th century BC. According to the legend, Romulus plowed a furrow (\"sulcus\") around the hill in order to mark the boundary of his new city. There is no consensus on the etymology of the city's name. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778) suggested Gre... | {
"title": "Tiber",
"long_answer": "The Tiber (/ˈtaɪbər/, Latin Tiberis, Italian Tevere, Italian pronunciation: [ˈteːvere]) is the third-longest river in Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing 406 kilometres (252 mi) through Tuscany, Umbria and Lazio, where it is joined by the river Aniene, to the Tyrrhenian Sea, between Ostia and Fiumicino. It drains a basin estimated at 17,375 square kilometres (6,709 sq mi). The river has achieved lasting fame as the main watercourse of the city of Rome, founded on its eastern banks.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Tiber (/ˈtaɪbər/, Latin Tiberis, Italian Tevere, Italian pronunciation: [ˈteːvere]) is the third-longest river in Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing 406 kilometres (252 mi) through Tuscany, Umbria and Lazio, where it is joined by the river Aniene, to the Tyrrhenian Sea, between Ostia and Fiumicino. It drains a basin estimated at 17,375 square kilometres (6,709 sq mi). The river has achieved lasting fame as the main watercourse of the city of Rome, founded on its eastern banks.",
"short_answers": [
"The Tiber",
"Tiber"
]
} |
what's the highest point in the us | [
"Mount Whitney"
] | [
{
"title": "High Point (New Jersey)",
"text": "High Point (New Jersey) High Point, at High Point State Park in Montague, Sussex County, New Jersey, United States, in the Skylands Region, is the highest elevation in the state at 1,803 feet (550 m). It is southeast of Port Jervis, New York. High Point is the ... | {
"title": "Mount Whitney",
"long_answer": "Mount Whitney is the tallest mountain in California, as well as the highest summit in the contiguous United States and the Sierra Nevada—with an elevation of 14,505 feet (4,421 m). It is located on the boundary between California's Inyo and Tulare counties, 84.6 miles (136.2 km) west-northwest of the lowest point in North America at Badwater Basin in Death Valley National Park at 282 ft (86 m) below sea level. The west slope of the mountain is in Sequoia National Park and the summit is the southern terminus of the John Muir Trail which runs 211.9 mi (341.0 km) from Happy Isles in Yosemite Valley. The east slope is in the Inyo National Forest in Inyo County.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Mount Whitney is the tallest mountain in California, as well as the highest summit in the contiguous United States and the Sierra Nevada—with an elevation of 14,505 feet (4,421 m). It is located on the boundary between California's Inyo and Tulare counties, 84.6 miles (136.2 km) west-northwest of the lowest point in North America at Badwater Basin in Death Valley National Park at 282 ft (86 m) below sea level. The west slope of the mountain is in Sequoia National Park and the summit is the southern terminus of the John Muir Trail which runs 211.9 mi (341.0 km) from",
"short_answers": [
"Mount Whitney"
]
} |
where did they film season 8 of the walking dead | [
"Georgia"
] | [
{
"title": "The Walking Dead (season 8)",
"text": "have been used instead. The eighth season was released on Blu-ray and DVD on August 21, 2018. The set includes three audio commentaries and three featurettes. The Walking Dead (season 8) The eighth season of \"The Walking Dead\", an American post-apocalypti... | {
"title": "The Walking Dead (TV series)",
"long_answer": "The Walking Dead is mostly filmed in Georgia. Since 2002, the state has offered a tax incentive for large film productions to drive producers to the state and bolster its economy.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Walking Dead is mostly filmed in Georgia. Since 2002, the state has offered a tax incentive for large film productions to drive producers to the state and bolster its economy.",
"short_answers": [
"Georgia"
]
} |
how long do former presidents get secret service protection | [
"lifetime protection",
"lifetime"
] | [
{
"title": "Presidency",
"text": "authorization of protection can be issued by the Secretary of Homeland Security. Children of former presidents, up to the age of 16, are guaranteed the same services as long as the time period does not surpass 10 years. In addition to direct protection, the Secret Service w... | {
"title": "Former Presidents Act",
"long_answer": "The original act provided for lifetime Secret Service protection for former presidents. In 1997, it was reduced to 10 years for presidents taking office after 1997. The 1997 amendment was reverted by the Former Presidents Protection Act of 2012 (Pub.L. 112–257). All living former presidents and their spouses are now entitled to receive lifetime Secret Service protection.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The original act provided for lifetime Secret Service protection for former presidents. In 1997, it was reduced to 10 years for presidents taking office after 1997. The 1997 amendment was reverted by the Former Presidents Protection Act of 2012 (Pub.L. 112–257). All living former presidents and their spouses are now entitled to receive lifetime Secret Service protection.",
"short_answers": [
"lifetime"
]
} |
who is the girl that died in eyes wide shut | [
"Mandy"
] | [
{
"title": "Eyes Wide Open (Sabrina Carpenter song)",
"text": "Wide Open\" is a midtempo pop rock and power pop song backed by catchy background vocals, a piano and a simple bass beat. In the song, Carpenter talks about finding who she is and finding her path. According to Carpenter, the song it's her favor... | {
"title": "Eyes Wide Shut",
"long_answer": "Bill returns to the country mansion in his own car and is met at the gate by a man with a note warning him to cease and desist his inquiries. After reading a newspaper story about a beauty queen who died of a drug overdose, Bill views the body at the morgue and identifies it as Mandy. Bill is summoned to Ziegler's house, where he is confronted with the events of the past night and day. Ziegler was one of those involved with the ritual orgy, and identified Bill and his connection with Nick. Ziegler claims that he had Bill followed for his own protection, and that the warnings made against Bill by the society are only intended to scare him from speaking about the orgy. However, he implies the society is capable of acting on their threats. Bill asks about the death of Mandy, whom Ziegler has identified as the masked woman at the party who'd \"sacrificed\" herself to prevent Bill's punishment, and about the disappearance of Nick, the piano player. Ziegler insists that Nick is safely back at his home in Seattle. Ziegler also says the \"punishment\" was a charade by the secret society to further frighten Bill, and it had nothing to do with Mandy's death; she was a hooker and addict and had died from another accidental drug overdose. Bill does not know if Ziegler is telling him the truth about Nick's disappearance or Mandy's death, but he says nothing further. When he returns home, Bill finds the rented mask on his pillow next to his sleeping wife. He breaks down in tears and decides to tell Alice the whole truth of the past two days. The next morning, they go Christmas shopping with their daughter. Alice muses that they should be grateful that they have survived, that she loves him and there is something they must do as soon as possible. When Bill asks what it is, she replies, \"Fuck\".",
"chunked_long_answer": "After reading a newspaper story about a beauty queen who died of a drug overdose, Bill views the body at the morgue and identifies it as Mandy. Bill is summoned to Ziegler's house, where he is confronted with the events of the past night and day. Ziegler was one of those involved with the ritual orgy, and identified Bill and his connection with Nick. Ziegler claims that he had Bill followed for his own protection, and that the warnings made against Bill by the society are only intended to scare him from speaking about the orgy. However, he implies the society is capable of acting on their threats. Bill asks about the death of Mandy, whom Ziegler has identified as the masked woman at the party who'd \"sacrificed\" herself to prevent Bill's punishment, and about the disappearance of Nick, the piano player. Ziegler insists that Nick is safely back at his home in Seattle. Ziegler also says the \"punishment\" was a charade by the secret society to further frighten Bill, and it had nothing to do with Mandy's death; she was a hooker and addict and had died from another accidental drug overdose. Bill does not know if Ziegler is telling him the truth about Nick's disappearance or Mandy's death, but he says nothing further. ",
"short_answers": [
"Mandy"
]
} |
where does the last name waller come from | [
"Anglo-Saxon origin"
] | [
{
"title": "Waller, Washington",
"text": "Waller, Washington Waller is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pierce County, Washington, United States. The population was 9,200 at the 2000 census. Waller is located at (47.204286, -122.367698). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total ar... | {
"title": "Waller (surname)",
"long_answer": "Waller is a surname mainly of Anglo-Saxon origin, with several possible etymologies. See also Open pan salt making#salt pan occupations.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Waller is a surname mainly of Anglo-Saxon origin, with several possible etymologies. See also Open pan salt making#salt pan occupations.",
"short_answers": [
"Anglo-Saxon origin"
]
} |
what is a whistle blower suit under the false claims act | [
"qui tam"
] | [
{
"title": "Qui tam",
"text": "tam\" provisions have helped recover more than $48 billion in taxpayer money. The act of filing such actions is informally called \"whistleblowing.\" Persons filing under the Act stand to receive a portion (usually about 15-25 percent) of any recovered damages. The Act provide... | {
"title": "False Claims Act",
"long_answer": "The False Claims Act, also called the \"Lincoln Law\") is an American federal law that imposes liability on persons and companies (typically federal contractors) who defraud governmental programs. It is the federal Government's primary litigation tool in combating fraud against the Government. The law includes a qui tam provision that allows people who are not affiliated with the government, called \"relators\" under the law, to file actions on behalf of the government (informally called \"whistleblowing\" especially when the relator is employed by the organization accused in the suit). Persons filing under the Act stand to receive a portion (usually about 15–25 percent) of any recovered damages. As of 2012, over 70 percent of all federal Government FCA actions were initiated by whistleblowers. Claims under the law have typically involved health care, military, or other government spending programs, and dominate the list of largest pharmaceutical settlements. The government recovered $38.9 billion under the False Claims Act between 1987 and 2013 and of this amount, $27.2 billion or 70% was from qui tam cases brought by relators.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The law includes a qui tam provision that allows people who are not affiliated with the government, called \"relators\" under the law, to file actions on behalf of the government (informally called \"whistleblowing\" especially when the relator is employed by the organization accused in the suit). Persons filing under the Act stand to receive a portion (usually about 15–25 percent) of any recovered damages. As of 2012, over 70 percent of all federal Government FCA actions were initiated by whistleblowers. Claims under the law have typically involved health care, military, or other government spending programs, and dominate the list of largest pharmaceutical settlements. The government recovered $38.9 billion under the False Claims Act between 1987 and 2013 and of this amount, $27.2 billion or 70% was from qui tam cases brought by relators.",
"short_answers": [
"qui tam"
]
} |
who won the first medal in olympics for india | [
"Norman Pritchard"
] | [
{
"title": "India at the 2008 Summer Olympics",
"text": "India, at the 1900 Paris Olympics and one silver medal won by the 2008 flagbearer Rajyavardhan Rathore at the 2004 Athens Olympics. Sushil Kumar won the second ever wrestling medal for India, the first being the bronze earned by Khashaba Dadasaheb Jad... | {
"title": "India at the Olympics",
"long_answer": "India first participated at the Olympic Games in 1900, with a lone athlete (Norman Pritchard) winning two medals- both silver- in athletics. The nation first sent a team to the Summer Olympic Games in 1920, and has participated in every Summer Games since then. India has also competed at several Winter Olympic Games beginning in 1964. Indian athletes have won a total of 28 medals so far, all at the Summer Games. For a period of time, India national field hockey team was dominant in Olympic competition, winning eleven medals in twelve Olympics between 1920 and 1980. The run included 8 gold medals total and six successive gold medals from 1928–1956",
"chunked_long_answer": "India first participated at the Olympic Games in 1900, with a lone athlete (Norman Pritchard) winning two medals- both silver- in athletics. The nation first sent a team to the Summer Olympic Games in 1920, and has participated in every Summer Games since then. India has also competed at several Winter Olympic Games beginning in 1964. Indian athletes have won a total of 28 medals so far, all at the Summer Games. For a period of time, India national field hockey team was dominant in Olympic competition, winning eleven medals in twelve Olympics between 1920 and 1980. The run included",
"short_answers": [
"Norman Pritchard"
]
} |
where did the northernmost land action of the american civil war occur | [
"St. Albans, Vermont"
] | [
{
"title": "Battle of Salineville",
"text": "Morgan’s place of surrender at West Point is considered to be the northernmost point reached by an officially organized Confederate body during the Civil War. Battle of Salineville The Battle of Salineville occurred July 26, 1863, near Salineville, Ohio during Mo... | {
"title": "St. Albans Raid",
"long_answer": "The St. Albans Raid was the northernmost land action of the American Civil War. It was a controversial raid from Canada by Confederate soldiers meant to rob banks to raise money and to trick the Union Army into diverting troops to defend their northern border against further raids. It took place in St. Albans, Vermont, on October 19, 1864.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The St. Albans Raid was the northernmost land action of the American Civil War. It was a controversial raid from Canada by Confederate soldiers meant to rob banks to raise money and to trick the Union Army into diverting troops to defend their northern border against further raids. It took place in St. Albans, Vermont, on October 19, 1864.",
"short_answers": [
"St. Albans, Vermont"
]
} |
what has been the origin of most classical dances of india | [
"the Sanskrit text Natya Shastra",
"Natya Shastra",
"The Natya Shastra"
] | [
{
"title": "Dance in mythology and religion",
"text": "dance in the Hinduism used to be a part of a sacred temple ritual, especially in South and Eastern India, where the female priestesses devadasi's worshiped different aspects of the Divine through the elaborate language of mime and gestures. Natyashastra... | {
"title": "Indian classical dance",
"long_answer": "Indian classical dance, or Shastriya Nritya, is an umbrella term for various performance arts rooted in religious Hindu musical theatre styles, whose theory and practice can be traced to the Sanskrit text Natya Shastra.\n",
"chunked_long_answer": "Indian classical dance, or Shastriya Nritya, is an umbrella term for various performance arts rooted in religious Hindu musical theatre styles, whose theory and practice can be traced to the Sanskrit text Natya Shastra.\n",
"short_answers": [
"Natya Shastra",
"the Sanskrit text Natya Shastra"
]
} |
what are the colors of the netherlands flag | [
"blue",
"white",
"red"
] | [
{
"title": "Flag of the Netherlands",
"text": "added to the flag. There are special non-holiday festivities or remembrance occasions when the flag is flown, such as at the homes of students who have just graduated. The flag is then often accompanied by the graduate's school bag hung from the tip of the flag... | {
"title": "Flag of the Netherlands",
"long_answer": "The flag of the Netherlands (Dutch: Vlag van Nederland) is a horizontal tricolor of red, white, and blue. The tricolor flag is almost identical to that of Luxembourg, except that it is shorter and its blue stripe is a darker shade.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The flag of the Netherlands (Dutch: Vlag van Nederland) is a horizontal tricolor of red, white, and blue. The tricolor flag is almost identical to that of Luxembourg, except that it is shorter and its blue stripe is a darker shade.",
"short_answers": [
"blue",
"red",
"white"
]
} |
for complaints of sudden chest pain patients should take a | [
"Aspirin"
] | [
{
"title": "Thorax",
"text": "when deep breaths are attempted. Different people feel pains differently for the same condition. Only a patient truly knows if the symptoms are mild or serious. Chest pain may be a symptom of myocardial infarctions ('heart attack'). If this condition is present in the body, dis... | {
"title": "Chest pain",
"long_answer": "Chest pain is a common symptom encountered by emergency medical services. Aspirin increases survival in people with acute coronary syndrome and it is reasonable for EMS dispatchers to recommend it in people with no recent serious bleeding. Supplemental oxygen was used in the past for most people with chest pain but is not needed unless the oxygen saturations are less than 94% or there are signs of respiratory distress. Entonox is frequently used by EMS personnel in the prehospital environment. However, there is little evidence about its effectiveness.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Chest pain is a common symptom encountered by emergency medical services. Aspirin increases survival in people with acute coronary syndrome and it is reasonable for EMS dispatchers to recommend it in people with no recent serious bleeding. Supplemental oxygen was used in the past for most people with chest pain but is not needed unless the oxygen saturations are less than 94% or there are signs of respiratory distress. Entonox is frequently used by EMS personnel in the prehospital environment. However, there is little evidence about its effectiveness.",
"short_answers": [
"Aspirin"
]
} |
where is the majority of phosphorous stored in the environment | [
"minerals",
"rocks",
"in rocks and minerals"
] | [
{
"title": "Phosphorous acid",
"text": "are acidic under aqueous conditions, in contrast with HPO. On heating at 200 °C, phosphorous acid disproportionates to phosphoric acid and phosphine: This reaction is used for laboratory-scale preparations of PH. Both phosphorous acid and its deprotonated forms are go... | {
"title": "Phosphorus cycle",
"long_answer": "Phosphorus occurs most abundantly in nature as part of the orthophosphate ion (PO4), consisting of a P atom and 4 oxygen atoms. On land most phosphorus is found in rocks and minerals. Phosphorus rich deposits have generally formed in the ocean or from guano, and over time, geologic processes bring ocean sediments to land. Weathering of rocks and minerals release phosphorus in a soluble form where it is taken up by plants, and it is transformed into organic compounds. The plants may then be consumed by herbivores and the phosphorus is either incorporated into their tissues or excreted. After death, the animal or plant decays, and phosphorus is returned to the soil where a large part of the phosphorus is transformed into insoluble compounds. Runoff may carry a small part of the phosphorus back to the ocean. Generally with time (thousands of years) soils become deficient in phosphorus leading to ecosystem retrogression.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Phosphorus occurs most abundantly in nature as part of the orthophosphate ion (PO4), consisting of a P atom and 4 oxygen atoms. On land most phosphorus is found in rocks and minerals. Phosphorus rich deposits have generally formed in the ocean or from guano, and over time, geologic processes bring ocean sediments to land. Weathering of rocks and minerals release phosphorus in a soluble form where it is taken up by plants, and it is transformed into organic compounds. The plants may then be consumed by herbivores and the phosphorus is either incorporated into their tissues or excreted. After death,",
"short_answers": [
"in rocks and minerals",
"minerals",
"rocks"
]
} |
what is the name of the first earthquake early warning system | [
"1991",
"The Mexican Seismic Alert System"
] | [
{
"title": "Earthquake Early Warning (Japan)",
"text": "Earthquake Early Warning (Japan) In Japan, an is a warning issued when an earthquake is detected. The warnings are primarily issued by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), with guidance on how to react to them. The JMA has two EEW systems: one for th... | {
"title": "Earthquake warning system",
"long_answer": "The Mexican Seismic Alert System began operations in 1991 and began publicly issuing alerts in 1993. Initially serving Mexico City with twelve sensors, the system now has 97 and is designed to protect life and property in several central and southern Mexican states.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Mexican Seismic Alert System began operations in 1991 and began publicly issuing alerts in 1993. Initially serving Mexico City with twelve sensors, the system now has 97 and is designed to protect life and property in several central and southern Mexican states.",
"short_answers": [
"1991",
"The Mexican Seismic Alert System"
]
} |
where was robin hood prince of thieves made | [
"the United Kingdom"
] | [
{
"title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves",
"text": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves is a 1991 American romantic action adventure film, based on the English folk tale of Robin Hood which originated in the 15th century. The film is directed by Kevin Reynolds, and stars Kevin Costn... | {
"title": "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves",
"long_answer": "Principal exteriors were shot on location in the United Kingdom. A second unit filmed the medieval walls and towers of the Cité de Carcassonne in the town of Carcassonne in Aude, France, for the portrayal of Nottingham and its castle. Locksley Castle was Wardour Castle in Wiltshire – restored in an early shot using a matte painting. Marian's manor was filmed at Hulne Priory in Northumberland. Scenes set in Sherwood Forest were filmed throughout England: Burnham Beeches in Buckinghamshire was used for the outlaws' encampment, Aysgarth Falls in Yorkshire for the fight scene between Robin and Little John, and Hardraw Force in North Yorkshire was the location where Marian sees Robin bathing. Sycamore Gap on Hadrian's Wall was used for the scene when Robin first confronts the sheriff's men. Chalk cliffs at Seven Sisters, Sussex were used as the locale for Robin's return to England from the Crusades.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Principal exteriors were shot on location in the United Kingdom. A second unit filmed the medieval walls and towers of the Cité de Carcassonne in the town of Carcassonne in Aude, France, for the portrayal of Nottingham and its castle. Locksley Castle was Wardour Castle in Wiltshire – restored in an early shot using a matte painting. Marian's manor was filmed at Hulne Priory in Northumberland. Scenes set in Sherwood Forest were filmed throughout England: Burnham Beeches in Buckinghamshire was used for the outlaws' encampment, Aysgarth Falls in Yorkshire for the fight scene between Robin and Little John, and Hardraw",
"short_answers": [
"the United Kingdom"
]
} |
who was originally cast as phoebe on charmed | [
"Lori Rom"
] | [
{
"title": "Charmed",
"text": "an episode of \"Charmed\" on The WB where Alyssa Milano's character Phoebe was about to put a spell on her demon boyfriend. In a 2003 episode of the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", Serena Bishop (Lara Sacher) and Erin Perry (Talia Zucker) find out they have a lot in comm... | {
"title": "Charmed",
"long_answer": "Former Beverly Hills, 90210 actress Shannen Doherty was cast as the eldest sister Prue Halliwell, while her best friend and former Picket Fences actress Holly Marie Combs played the role of the middle sister Piper Halliwell. Lori Rom was originally cast as the youngest sister Phoebe Halliwell in the 28-minute unaired pilot episode. However, Rom quit the series, and a new pilot was filmed with former Who's the Boss actress Alyssa Milano in the role of Phoebe. Doherty departed Charmed at the end of the third season and was replaced in the fourth season by film actress Rose McGowan, who played the long-lost younger half-sister Paige Matthews.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Former Beverly Hills, 90210 actress Shannen Doherty was cast as the eldest sister Prue Halliwell, while her best friend and former Picket Fences actress Holly Marie Combs played the role of the middle sister Piper Halliwell. Lori Rom was originally cast as the youngest sister Phoebe Halliwell in the 28-minute unaired pilot episode. However, Rom quit the series, and a new pilot was filmed with former Who's the Boss actress Alyssa Milano in the role of Phoebe. Doherty departed Charmed at the end of the third season and was replaced in the fourth season by film actress Rose McGowan, who",
"short_answers": [
"Lori Rom"
]
} |
who owns the delano hotel in las vegas | [
"MGM Resorts International"
] | [
{
"title": "Delano Las Vegas",
"text": "grand-opening party was held on September 18, 2014, with Samantha Ronson as DJ and a performance by Magic!. The party was also attended by Charlotte Ronson and actress Jaime King. The hotel's penthouses were the last remaining rooms to undergo renovations, with comple... | {
"title": "Delano Las Vegas",
"long_answer": "Delano Las Vegas (formerly known as THEhotel) is a 45-story 1,117 room luxury suite hotel. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. It is located within the Mandalay Bay complex on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It was renovated and rebranded as the Delano Las Vegas on September 2, 2014, under a partnership between MGM and Morgans Hotel Group.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Delano Las Vegas (formerly known as THEhotel) is a 45-story 1,117 room luxury suite hotel. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. It is located within the Mandalay Bay complex on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It was renovated and rebranded as the Delano Las Vegas on September 2, 2014, under a partnership between MGM and Morgans Hotel Group.",
"short_answers": [
"MGM Resorts International"
]
} |
when did the us dollar leave the gold standard | [
"October 1976",
"August 15, 1971",
"1934"
] | [
{
"title": "History of the United States dollar",
"text": "abandoned the gold standard. Among the earliest, the Bank of England abandoned the gold standard in 1931 as speculators demanded gold in exchange for currency, threatening the solvency of the British monetary system. This pattern repeated throughout... | {
"title": "Gold standard",
"long_answer": "Congress passed the Gold Reserve Act on 30 January 1934; the measure nationalized all gold by ordering Federal Reserve banks to turn over their supply to the U.S. Treasury. In return the banks received gold certificates to be used as reserves against deposits and Federal Reserve notes. The act also authorized the president to devalue the gold dollar. Under this authority the president, on 31 January 1934, changed the value of the dollar from $20.67 to the troy ounce to $35 to the troy ounce, a devaluation of over 40%.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Congress passed the Gold Reserve Act on 30 January 1934; the measure nationalized all gold by ordering Federal Reserve banks to turn over their supply to the U.S. Treasury. In return the banks received gold certificates to be used as reserves against deposits and Federal Reserve notes. The act also authorized the president to devalue the gold dollar. Under this authority the president, on 31 January 1934, changed the value of the dollar from $20.67 to the troy ounce to $35 to the troy ounce, a devaluation of over 40%.",
"short_answers": [
"1934"
]
} |
who played bailey in the sisterhood of the traveling pants | [
"Jenna Boyd"
] | [
{
"title": "The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants (film)",
"text": "Bailey responds by saying that the pants have already worked their magic on Bailey by bringing her and Tibby together. Tibby spends a lot of time with Bailey in the hospital after that. A couple of days later, Tibby receives a phone call in... | {
"title": "Jenna Boyd",
"long_answer": "Jenna Boyd was born in Bedford, Texas and moved with her parents and younger brother Cayden (also an actor) to Los Angeles to pursue her acting career. After a few small roles on television and film, Boyd's big break came when she was cast in The Missing, alongside Cate Blanchett and Evan Rachel Wood. Boyd's performance was praised in critical reviews of this film, although the film itself was not particularly well received. Previously she had been in Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star playing the daughter of a family hired by the title character (David Spade) to help him recapture his childhood. In 2005 Boyd played the Leukemia-suffering Bailey Graffman in The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants. Her recent roles include the Lifetime miniseries The Gathering in which she played the daughter of a doctor (Peter Gallagher) searching for his wife and in the Ghost Whisperer episode \"Children of Ghosts\" she played a troubled teenager living in a foster home. In 2017, she played Paige Hardaway, the \"practice girlfriend\" of the autistic main character, Sam Gardener, in the Netflix Original Series Atypical.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Jenna Boyd was born in Bedford, Texas and moved with her parents and younger brother Cayden (also an actor) to Los Angeles to pursue her acting career. After a few small roles on television and film, Boyd's big break came when she was cast in The Missing, alongside Cate Blanchett and Evan Rachel Wood. Boyd's performance was praised in critical reviews of this film, although the film itself was not particularly well received. Previously she had been in Dickie Roberts: Former Child Star playing the daughter of a family hired by the title character (David Spade) to help him recapture",
"short_answers": [
"Jenna Boyd"
]
} |
who has the most followers on the instagram | [
"Instagram's own account",
"Selena Gomez"
] | [
{
"title": "Fashion influencer",
"text": "a blog in the first place. Jenn Im became a fashion influencer due to her successful Youtube channel, German influencer Pamela Reif due to her high reach on Instagram. In 2017, Instagram was the social media platform with the highest reach for fashion influencers. F... | {
"title": "List of most-followed Instagram accounts",
"long_answer": "This list contains the top 25 accounts with the most followers on the social photo-sharing platform Instagram. As of March 2018, the most followed user is Instagram's own account, with over 234 million followers. Selena Gomez is the most followed individual, with over 135 million followers. Nine accounts have exceeded 100 million followers on the site.",
"chunked_long_answer": "This list contains the top 25 accounts with the most followers on the social photo-sharing platform Instagram. As of March 2018, the most followed user is Instagram's own account, with over 234 million followers. Selena Gomez is the most followed individual, with over 135 million followers. Nine accounts have exceeded 100 million followers on the site.",
"short_answers": [
"Instagram's own account",
"Selena Gomez"
]
} |
how many national parks are present in india | [
"103"
] | [
{
"title": "Wildlife",
"text": "National Park and Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary are situated around and in forests. India is home to many national parks and wildlife sanctuaries showing the diversity of its wildlife, much of its unique fauna, and excels in the range. There are 89 national parks, 13 bio reser... | {
"title": "List of national parks of India",
"long_answer": "Further federal legislation strengthening protections for wildlife was introduced in the 1980s. As of July 2017, there were 103 national parks encompassing an area of 40,500 km (15,600 sq mi), comprising 1.23% of India's total surface area.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Further federal legislation strengthening protections for wildlife was introduced in the 1980s. As of July 2017, there were 103 national parks encompassing an area of 40,500 km (15,600 sq mi), comprising 1.23% of India's total surface area.",
"short_answers": [
"103"
]
} |
what is an open university grade 3 pass | [
"55–69%"
] | [
{
"title": "Open University",
"text": "a major assignment. As well as degrees in named subject, the Open University also grants \"Open\" Bachelor's degrees where the syllabus is designed by the students by combining any number of Open University modules up to 300 credits for an Open degree and 360 credits f... | {
"title": "Open University",
"long_answer": "Modules results are sometimes issued on a graded basis, consisting of pass grades 1 (threshold 85%, a distinction), 2 (70–84%), 3 (55–69%) & 4 (40–54%), and fail (below 40%). This grade is calculated as the lower of the overall continuous assessment score (OCAS) and overall examination score (OES).",
"chunked_long_answer": "Modules results are sometimes issued on a graded basis, consisting of pass grades 1 (threshold 85%, a distinction), 2 (70–84%), 3 (55–69%) & 4 (40–54%), and fail (below 40%). This grade is calculated as the lower of the overall continuous assessment score (OCAS) and overall examination score (OES).",
"short_answers": [
"55–69%"
]
} |
what episode of pll does jenna get her sight back | [
"If These Dolls Could Talk",
"Blood is the New Black"
] | [
{
"title": "Jenna Marshall",
"text": "the \"Jenna Thing\" happened. In \"Eye of the Beholder\", Jenna's eye is bandaged, implying she got the surgery. During the episode, someone lures Jenna to the DiLaurentis residence and then sets it on fire, trapping Jenna inside with the intent to murder her. She is re... | {
"title": "Jenna Marshall",
"long_answer": "During \"If These Dolls Could Talk\", Jenna removes the bandage from her eye and cryptically begins to cry. Later, at school, she approaches the Liars at their lunch table and apologizes for gaining a hatred towards them, saying that when Hanna's actions made her realize that people are capable of changing. However, her apology is met with suspicion by all four girls. She shares with them the \"unfortunate results\" of her surgery. Later, Toby comes into her room questioning Marshall as to why Garrett is watching their house. She affirms not knowing the reason and asks Cavanaugh to close the curtains. Marshall pulls a slip of paper from a box on her night table, and gives it to him. Telling him that it was given to her by Garrett and was told to keep it safe. She lies, playing stupid, and claiming to not know what it is. Toby opens it, revealing it to be the missing Page 5 of Alison DiLaurentis' autopsy report. They then head to the police station to hand it to the authorities. At the end of the episode, she is seen smacking a fly on her mirror and removes its corpse. Afterwards, Marshall turns back to her mirror with a sneaky smirk and continues to remove her makeup, revealing that she is indeed able to see.",
"chunked_long_answer": "During \"If These Dolls Could Talk\", Jenna removes the bandage from her eye and cryptically begins to cry. Later, at school, she approaches the Liars at their lunch table and apologizes for gaining a hatred towards them, saying that when Hanna's actions made her realize that people are capable of changing. However, her apology is met with suspicion by all four girls. She shares with them the \"unfortunate results\" of her surgery. Later, Toby comes into her room questioning Marshall as to why Garrett is watching their house. She affirms not knowing the reason and asks Cavanaugh to close the",
"short_answers": [
"If These Dolls Could Talk"
]
} |
when did they start 3 pointers in basketball | [
"1961",
"1945"
] | [
{
"title": "Ben Brust",
"text": "pointers game per game, which ranked 13th in the Big Ten. During the 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons, Brust started all of the Badgers' games. In his junior year in 2012–13, he led the team in minutes and assist-to-turnover ratio with a 2.0, and led the team in scoring for the B... | {
"title": "Three-point field goal",
"long_answer": "The three-point line was first tested at the collegiate level in a 1945 NCAA game between Columbia and Fordham but it was not kept as a rule. At the direction of Abe Saperstein, the American Basketball League became the first basketball league to institute the rule in 1961. Its three-point line was a radius of 25 feet (7.62 m) from the baskets, except along the sides. The Eastern Professional Basketball League followed in its 1963–64 season.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The three-point line was first tested at the collegiate level in a 1945 NCAA game between Columbia and Fordham but it was not kept as a rule. At the direction of Abe Saperstein, the American Basketball League became the first basketball league to institute the rule in 1961. Its three-point line was a radius of 25 feet (7.62 m) from the baskets, except along the sides. The Eastern Professional Basketball League followed in its 1963–64 season.",
"short_answers": [
"1945",
"1961"
]
} |
when did the phantom of the opera open | [
"October 1986:",
"1986",
"9 October 1986"
] | [
{
"title": "The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)",
"text": "appearance at the popular beach resort. The original production was directed by Jack O'Brien and choreographed by Jerry Mitchell with set and costume designs by Bob Crowley, and opened at the Adelphi Theatre in the West End on 9 March 2010. Thou... | {
"title": "The Phantom of the Opera (1986 musical)",
"long_answer": "The musical opened in London's West End in 1986, and on Broadway in 1988. It won the 1986 Olivier Award and the 1988 Tony Award for Best Musical, and Michael Crawford (in the title role) won the Olivier and Tony Awards for Best Actor in a Musical. It is the longest running show in Broadway history by a wide margin, and celebrated its 10,000th Broadway performance on 11 February 2012, the first production ever to do so. It is the second longest-running West End musical, after Les Misérables, and the third longest-running West End show overall, after The Mousetrap.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The musical opened in London's West End in 1986, and on Broadway in 1988. It won the 1986 Olivier Award and the 1988 Tony Award for Best Musical, and Michael Crawford (in the title role) won the Olivier and Tony Awards for Best Actor in a Musical. It is the longest running show in Broadway history by a wide margin, and celebrated its 10,000th Broadway performance on 11 February 2012, the first production ever to do so. It is the second longest-running West End musical, after Les Misérables, and the third longest-running West End show overall, after The Mousetrap.",
"short_answers": [
"1986"
]
} |
where does the water from the california aqueduct come from | [
"Sierra Nevada Mountains",
"the Sierra Nevada Mountains"
] | [
{
"title": "Water in California",
"text": "of EBMUD's water right, but modifications were also negotiated. The intake point was moved downstream, to maintain minimum flows in the American River before it merges with the Sacramento. The North Bay Aqueduct of the California State Water Project delivers an ann... | {
"title": "California Aqueduct",
"long_answer": "The Governor Edmund G. Brown California Aqueduct is a system of canals, tunnels, and pipelines that conveys water collected from the Sierra Nevada Mountains and valleys of Northern and Central California to Southern California. Named after California Governor Edmund Gerald \"Pat\" Brown Sr., the over 400-mile (640 km) aqueduct is the principal feature of the California State Water Project.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Governor Edmund G. Brown California Aqueduct is a system of canals, tunnels, and pipelines that conveys water collected from the Sierra Nevada Mountains and valleys of Northern and Central California to Southern California. Named after California Governor Edmund Gerald \"Pat\" Brown Sr., the over 400-mile (640 km) aqueduct is the principal feature of the California State Water Project.",
"short_answers": [
"Sierra Nevada Mountains",
"the Sierra Nevada Mountains"
]
} |
what are the 5 boroughs of new york city | [
"Manhattan",
"Queens",
"Staten Island",
"Brooklyn",
"the Bronx"
] | [
{
"title": "Boroughs of New York City",
"text": "1898. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a \"borough\" is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the borough governments are inferior to the aut... | {
"title": "Boroughs of New York City",
"long_answer": "New York City encompasses five county-level administrative divisions called boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn, and Staten Island. All boroughs are part of New York City, and each of the boroughs is coextensive with a respective county, the primary administrative subdivision within New York State. The Bronx and Queens are concurrent with the counties of the same name, while Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Staten Island correspond to New York, Kings, and Richmond Counties respectively.",
"chunked_long_answer": "New York City encompasses five county-level administrative divisions called boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn, and Staten Island. All boroughs are part of New York City, and each of the boroughs is coextensive with a respective county, the primary administrative subdivision within New York State. The Bronx and Queens are concurrent with the counties of the same name, while Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Staten Island correspond to New York, Kings, and Richmond Counties respectively.",
"short_answers": [
"Brooklyn",
"Manhattan",
"Queens",
"Staten Island",
"the Bronx"
]
} |
what is the main industry in the canadian shield | [
"mining"
] | [
{
"title": "Geography of Canada",
"text": "shield, with a mix of conifers that provide valuable timber resources in areas such as the Central Canadian Shield forests ecoregion that covers much of Northern Ontario. The region is known for its extensive mineral reserves. The Canadian Shield is known for its v... | {
"title": "Canadian Shield",
"long_answer": "The Canadian Shield, also called the Laurentian Plateau, or Bouclier canadien (French), is a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks (geological shield) that forms the ancient geological core of the North American continent (the North American Craton or Laurentia). Composed of igneous rock resulting from its long volcanic history, the area is covered by a thin layer of soil. With a deep, common, joined bedrock region in eastern and central Canada, it stretches north from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean, covering over half of Canada; it also extends south into the northern reaches of the United States. Human population is sparse, and industrial development is minimal, while mining is prevalent.",
"chunked_long_answer": "of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks (geological shield) that forms the ancient geological core of the North American continent (the North American Craton or Laurentia). Composed of igneous rock resulting from its long volcanic history, the area is covered by a thin layer of soil. With a deep, common, joined bedrock region in eastern and central Canada, it stretches north from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean, covering over half of Canada; it also extends south into the northern reaches of the United States. Human population is sparse, and industrial development is minimal, while mining is prevalent.",
"short_answers": [
"mining"
]
} |
what makes a mini bike a mini bike | [
"a miniature motorcycle"
] | [
{
"title": "Minibike",
"text": "consists of pitbikes racing with slick tires on go-cart tracks, much like super-motard or super-moto. The bikes are prepared for racing with precautions such as catch tanks to collect fluid spills on the track, causing skidding hazards. Mini choppers are mini bikes that look ... | {
"title": "Minibike",
"long_answer": "A minibike, sometimes called a minimoto or pocketbike, is a miniature motorcycle. Most minibikes use two-stroke engines and chain drive.",
"chunked_long_answer": "A minibike, sometimes called a minimoto or pocketbike, is a miniature motorcycle. Most minibikes use two-stroke engines and chain drive.",
"short_answers": [
"a miniature motorcycle"
]
} |
how long do you have to serve in the israeli military | [
"two years for women"
] | [
{
"title": "Israeli Defense Service Law",
"text": "Israeli Secretary of Defense the authority to call citizens to medical screenings to determine if conscription is permissible. Service for men is set at 36 months, however, recruits over the age of 27 are only required to serve for 24 months. Immigrants who... | {
"title": "Conscription in Israel",
"long_answer": "Conscription exists in Israel for all Israeli citizens over the age of 18 who are Jewish, Druze or Circassian; Arab citizens of Israel are not conscripted. Other exceptions are made on religious, physical or psychological grounds. The normal length of compulsory service is currently two years and eight months for men (with some roles requiring an additional four months of service), and two years for women.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Conscription exists in Israel for all Israeli citizens over the age of 18 who are Jewish, Druze or Circassian; Arab citizens of Israel are not conscripted. Other exceptions are made on religious, physical or psychological grounds. The normal length of compulsory service is currently two years and eight months for men (with some roles requiring an additional four months of service), and two years for women.",
"short_answers": [
"two years for women"
]
} |
who wrote the song to make you feel my love | [
"Bob Dylan"
] | [
{
"title": "Make You Feel My Love",
"text": "at number 26. \"Make You Feel My Love\" is the only cover song on Adele's debut album \"19\"; she either wrote or co-wrote all the others. \"My manager is the biggest Dylan fan, and for ages, he'd been bugging me to listen to the song, because I hadn't heard it b... | {
"title": "Make You Feel My Love",
"long_answer": "\"Make You Feel My Love\" is a song written by Bob Dylan from his album Time Out of Mind (1997). It was first released commercially by Billy Joel, under the title \"To Make You Feel My Love\", before Dylan's version appeared later that same year. It has since been covered by numerous performers and has proved to be a commercial success for recording artists such as Adele, Garth Brooks, Bryan Ferry, Kelly Clarkson and Ane Brun. Two covers of the song (one by Garth Brooks and one by Trisha Yearwood) were featured on the soundtrack of the 1998 film Hope Floats. Dylan eventually released the song as a single.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"Make You Feel My Love\" is a song written by Bob Dylan from his album Time Out of Mind (1997). It was first released commercially by Billy Joel, under the title \"To Make You Feel My Love\", before Dylan's version appeared later that same year. It has since been covered by numerous performers and has proved to be a commercial success for recording artists such as Adele, Garth Brooks, Bryan Ferry, Kelly Clarkson and Ane Brun. Two covers of the song (one by Garth Brooks and one by Trisha Yearwood) were featured on the soundtrack of the 1998 film Hope",
"short_answers": [
"Bob Dylan"
]
} |
what is the origin of the name marvin | [
"Welsh",
"the Welsh name Mervyn"
] | [
{
"title": "Marvin, South Dakota",
"text": "Marvin, South Dakota Marvin is a town in Grant County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 34 at the 2010 census. Marvin was originally called Grade Siding; during the search for a more suitable name the presence of a Marvin brand safe in town caused t... | {
"title": "Marvin (name)",
"long_answer": "Marvin is a male given name, derived from the Welsh name Mervyn. It is also found as a surname. Marven is a variant form.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Marvin is a male given name, derived from the Welsh name Mervyn. It is also found as a surname. Marven is a variant form.",
"short_answers": [
"Welsh",
"the Welsh name Mervyn"
]
} |
where did immigrants enter the us on the west coast | [
"Angel Island Immigration Station",
"San Francisco Bay"
] | [
{
"title": "Asian Americans",
"text": "West Coast in the mid-19th century. Forming part of the California gold rush, these early Chinese immigrants participated intensively in the mining business and later in the construction of the transcontinental railroad. By 1852, the number of Chinese immigrants in San... | {
"title": "Angel Island Immigration Station",
"long_answer": "Angel Island Immigration Station was an immigration station located in San Francisco Bay which operated from January 21, 1910 to November 5, 1940, where immigrants entering the United States were detained and interrogated. Angel Island (California) is an island in San Francisco Bay. It is currently a State Park administered by California State Parks and a California Historical Landmark. The island was originally a fishing and hunting site for Coastal Miwok Indians, then it was a haven for Spanish explorer Juan Manuel de Ayala. Later, it was developed as a cattle ranch, then, starting with the Civil War, the island served as a U.S. Army post. During the island's Immigration Station period, the island held hundreds of thousands of immigrants, the majority from China, Japan, India, Mexico and the Philippines. The detention facility was considered ideal because of its isolated location, making it very easy to control immigrants, contain outbreaks of disease, and enforce the new immigration laws. The station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the title Angel Island, U.S. Immigration Station, and is a National Historic Landmark.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Angel Island Immigration Station was an immigration station located in San Francisco Bay which operated from January 21, 1910 to November 5, 1940, where immigrants entering the United States were detained and interrogated. Angel Island (California) is an island in San Francisco Bay. It is currently a State Park administered by California State Parks and a California Historical Landmark. The island was originally a fishing and hunting site for Coastal Miwok Indians, then it was a haven for Spanish explorer Juan Manuel de Ayala. Later, it was developed as a cattle ranch, then, starting with the Civil War, the island",
"short_answers": [
"Angel Island Immigration Station",
"San Francisco Bay"
]
} |
how many episodes of sabrina the teenage witch are there | [
"163"
] | [
{
"title": "Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1996 TV series)",
"text": "She lives with her 500-year-old aunts, witches Hilda (played by Caroline Rhea) and Zelda (played by Beth Broderick), and their magical talking cat, Salem (voiced by Nick Bakay), at 133 Collins Road, in the fictional Boston suburb of Westbridg... | {
"title": "List of Sabrina the Teenage Witch episodes",
"long_answer": "This is an episode list for Sabrina the Teenage Witch, an American sitcom that debuted on ABC in 1996. From Season 5, the program was aired on The WB. The series ran for seven seasons totaling 163 episodes. It originally premiered on September 27, 1996 on ABC and ended on April 24, 2003 on The WB.",
"chunked_long_answer": "This is an episode list for Sabrina the Teenage Witch, an American sitcom that debuted on ABC in 1996. From Season 5, the program was aired on The WB. The series ran for seven seasons totaling 163 episodes. It originally premiered on September 27, 1996 on ABC and ended on April 24, 2003 on The WB.",
"short_answers": [
"163"
]
} |
who was tammy from basketball wives married to | [
"basketball player Kenny Anderson",
"Kenny Anderson"
] | [
{
"title": "Lute Olson",
"text": "Roberta \"Bobbi\" Russell in 1953. They were married for 47 years and had five children. Bobbi Olson died on January 1, 2001 of ovarian cancer, aged 65. The basketball court at UA is named the \"Lute and Bobbi Olson Court\" in her honor. In 2003, Olson married Christine Jac... | {
"title": "Tami Roman",
"long_answer": "Roman was once married to NBA basketball player Kenny Anderson. The marriage produced 2 children. ",
"chunked_long_answer": "Roman was once married to NBA basketball player Kenny Anderson. The marriage produced 2 children.",
"short_answers": [
"Kenny Anderson",
"basketball player Kenny Anderson"
]
} |
what is the lead singers name of staind | [
"Aaron Lewis"
] | [
{
"title": "Tormented (Staind album)",
"text": "a bass guitar player who later left, completing the early lineup of the band in early 1995. Originally, Staind went by the name Stain, but changed the name to Staind after the band found out the moniker already had been claimed by another group. Staind origina... | {
"title": "Staind",
"long_answer": "Staind (/steɪnd/ STAYND) is an American rock band formed in 1995. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Aaron Lewis, lead guitarist Mike Mushok, bassist and backing vocalist Johnny April, and drummer Jon Wysocki. The lineup has been stable outside of Wysocki's departure in 2011, who was replaced by Sal Giancarelli. The band has recorded seven studio albums: Tormented (1996), Dysfunction (1999), Break the Cycle (2001), 14 Shades of Grey (2003), Chapter V (2005), The Illusion of Progress (2008), and Staind (2011). The band's activity became more sporadic after their self-titled release; with Lewis pursuing a solo country music career and Mushok subsequently joining the band Saint Asonia, but the band continued to tour off and on in the coming years. As of 2016, Lewis had reiterated that the band has not broken up, and will possibly create another album, but that his current focus is his solo career. The band's most recently performed live in 2017, and as of 2018, is in a hiatus. The band has sold over 15 million records worldwide. Many of the band's singles have substantially charted on US rock and all-format charts as well, including \"It's Been Awhile\", \"Fade\", \"Price to Play\", \"So Far Away\", and \"Right Here\".",
"chunked_long_answer": "Staind (/steɪnd/ STAYND) is an American rock band formed in 1995. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Aaron Lewis, lead guitarist Mike Mushok, bassist and backing vocalist Johnny April, and drummer Jon Wysocki. The lineup has been stable outside of Wysocki's departure in 2011, who was replaced by Sal Giancarelli. The band has recorded seven studio albums: Tormented (1996), Dysfunction (1999), Break the Cycle (2001), 14 Shades of Grey (2003), Chapter V (2005), The Illusion of Progress (2008), and Staind (2011). The band's activity became more sporadic after their self-titled release; with Lewis pursuing a solo",
"short_answers": [
"Aaron Lewis"
]
} |
what type of legal system is used in the uk | [
"Scots law",
"Northern Ireland law",
"English law"
] | [
{
"title": "English law",
"text": "of Wales Act 2006 came into force after the 2007 Welsh general election. That said, the Welsh legal system remains English common law, in that the legal system administered through both civil and criminal courts remains unified throughout England and Wales. This is differe... | {
"title": "Law of the United Kingdom",
"long_answer": "The United Kingdom has three legal systems, each of which applies to a particular geographical area. English law applies in England and Wales, Northern Ireland law applies in Northern Ireland, and Scots law applies in Scotland. While these three systems diverge in the more detailed rules, there are also substantive fields of law which apply across the United Kingdom.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The United Kingdom has three legal systems, each of which applies to a particular geographical area. English law applies in England and Wales, Northern Ireland law applies in Northern Ireland, and Scots law applies in Scotland. While these three systems diverge in the more detailed rules, there are also substantive fields of law which apply across the United Kingdom.",
"short_answers": [
"English law",
"Northern Ireland law",
"Scots law"
]
} |
when did macbook pro 13 inch come out | [
"October 2008",
"June 8, 2009"
] | [
{
"title": "MacBook Pro",
"text": "13-inch model now comes with a 128GB storage option, down from the base 256GB storage. On July 12, 2018 Apple updated the Touch Bar models with Intel Coffee Lake quad-core processors in 13-inch models and six-core processors in 15-inch models, updated graphics cards, third... | {
"title": "MacBook Pro",
"long_answer": "The product's second iteration, known as the \"unibody\" model, has a casing made from a single piece of aluminum. It debuted in October 2008 in 13- and 15-inch screen sizes. In January 2009, the 17-inch model was updated with the same unibody design. Subsequent updates brought upgraded Intel Core i5 and i7 processors and introduced Intel's Thunderbolt technology.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The product's second iteration, known as the \"unibody\" model, has a casing made from a single piece of aluminum. It debuted in October 2008 in 13- and 15-inch screen sizes. In January 2009, the 17-inch model was updated with the same unibody design. Subsequent updates brought upgraded Intel Core i5 and i7 processors and introduced Intel's Thunderbolt technology.",
"short_answers": [
"October 2008"
]
} |
the heart muscle is stimulated to contract by electrical impulses which are generated where | [
"the sinoatrial node"
] | [
{
"title": "Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling",
"text": "body is at rest. This rate can be altered, however, by nerves that work to either increase heart rate (sympathetic nerves) or decrease it (parasympathetic nerves), as the body's oxygen demands change. Ultimately, muscle contraction revolves arou... | {
"title": "Electrical conduction system of the heart",
"long_answer": "The electrical conduction system of the heart transmits signals generated usually by the sinoatrial node to cause contraction of the heart muscle. The pacemaking signal generated in the sinoatrial node travels through the right atrium to the atrioventricular node, along the Bundle of His and through bundle branches to cause contraction of the heart muscle. This signal stimulates contraction first of the right and left atrium, and then the right and left ventricles. This process allows blood to be pumped throughout the body.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The electrical conduction system of the heart transmits signals generated usually by the sinoatrial node to cause contraction of the heart muscle. The pacemaking signal generated in the sinoatrial node travels through the right atrium to the atrioventricular node, along the Bundle of His and through bundle branches to cause contraction of the heart muscle. This signal stimulates contraction first of the right and left atrium, and then the right and left ventricles. This process allows blood to be pumped throughout the body.",
"short_answers": [
"the sinoatrial node"
]
} |
book series about the end of the world | [
"Left Behind"
] | [
{
"title": "The Lake at the End of the World",
"text": "The Lake at the End of the World The Lake at the End of the World is a post-nuclear holocaust young adult novel published in 1988. Its author is Caroline MacDonald. Set in 2025, it tells the story of Hector, a teenage boy who has lived all his life in ... | {
"title": "Left Behind",
"long_answer": "Left Behind is a series of 16 best-selling religious novels by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins, dealing with Christian dispensationalist End Times: the pretribulation, premillennial, Christian eschatological interpretation of the Biblical apocalypse. The primary conflict of the series is the members of the Tribulation Force, an underground network of converts, against an NWO-esque organization, Global Community, and its leader Nicolae Carpathia—the Antichrist. Left Behind is also the title of the first book in the series. The series was first published between 1995–2007 by Tyndale House, a firm with a history of interest in dispensationalism.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Left Behind is a series of 16 best-selling religious novels by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins, dealing with Christian dispensationalist End Times: the pretribulation, premillennial, Christian eschatological interpretation of the Biblical apocalypse. The primary conflict of the series is the members of the Tribulation Force, an underground network of converts, against an NWO-esque organization, Global Community, and its leader Nicolae Carpathia—the Antichrist. Left Behind is also the title of the first book in the series. The series was first published between 1995–2007 by Tyndale House, a firm with a history of interest in dispensationalism.",
"short_answers": [
"Left Behind"
]
} |
how many numbers are in the euromillions draw | [
"7"
] | [
{
"title": "National Lottery (United Kingdom)",
"text": "entry fee to the EuroMillions draw is £2.50 per board. The odds of winning the jackpot are 139,838,160 to 1. On Friday 26 January 2018, the first EuroMillions HotPicks draw took place. It uses the same five main numbers as the EuroMillions draw and of... | {
"title": "EuroMillions",
"long_answer": "EuroMillions is a transnational lottery requiring 7 correct numbers to win the jackpot . It was launched on 7 February 2004 by France's Française des Jeux, Spain's Loterías y Apuestas del Estado and the United Kingdom's Camelot. The first draw was held on Friday 13 February 2004 in Paris. Initially, only the UK, France and Spain participated, with the Austrian, Belgian, Irish, Luxembourgish, Portuguese and Swiss lotteries joining for the 8 October 2004 drawing.",
"chunked_long_answer": "EuroMillions is a transnational lottery requiring 7 correct numbers to win the jackpot . It was launched on 7 February 2004 by France's Française des Jeux, Spain's Loterías y Apuestas del Estado and the United Kingdom's Camelot. The first draw was held on Friday 13 February 2004 in Paris. Initially, only the UK, France and Spain participated, with the Austrian, Belgian, Irish, Luxembourgish, Portuguese and Swiss lotteries joining for the 8 October 2004 drawing.",
"short_answers": [
"7"
]
} |
who sang my bucket got a hole in it | [
"Hank Williams"
] | [
{
"title": "My Bucket's Got a Hole in It",
"text": "is backed by members of the Pleasant Valley Boys - Zeke Turner (lead guitar), Jerry Byrd (steel guitar), and Louis Innis (rhythm guitar) - as well as Tommy Jackson (fiddle) and Ernie Newton (bass). The song is significant for featuring the only guitar solo... | {
"title": "My Bucket's Got a Hole in It",
"long_answer": "\"My Bucket's Got a Hole in It\" is a song widely attributed to Clarence Williams, who obtained a copyright in 1933. The song became popular performed by Hank Williams for MGM and reached #4 on the country chart in 1949.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"My Bucket's Got a Hole in It\" is a song widely attributed to Clarence Williams, who obtained a copyright in 1933. The song became popular performed by Hank Williams for MGM and reached #4 on the country chart in 1949.",
"short_answers": [
"Hank Williams"
]
} |
who spoke the words ich bin ein berliner | [
"U.S. President John F. Kennedy"
] | [
{
"title": "Ich bin ein Berliner",
"text": "is \"Pfannkuchen\" (literally \"pancake\"). A further part of the misconception is that the audience to his speech laughed at his supposed error. They actually cheered and applauded both times the phrase was used. They laughed and cheered a few seconds after the f... | {
"title": "Ich bin ein Berliner",
"long_answer": "\"Ich bin ein Berliner\" (German pronunciation: [ˈʔɪç ˈbɪn ʔaɪn bɛɐ̯ˈliːnɐ], \"I am a Berliner\") is a quotation from a June 26, 1963, speech by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in West Berlin. It is widely regarded as the best-known speech of the Cold War and the most famous anti-communist speech. Kennedy aimed to underline the support of the United States for West Germany 22 months after Soviet-supported East Germany erected the Berlin Wall to prevent mass emigration to the West. The message was aimed as much at the Soviets as it was at Berliners and was a clear statement of U.S. policy in the wake of the construction of the Berlin Wall. Another phrase in the speech was also spoken in German, \"Lasst sie nach Berlin kommen\" (\"Let them come to Berlin\"), addressed at those who claimed \"we can work with the Communists\", a remark at which Nikita Khrushchev scoffed only days later.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"Ich bin ein Berliner\" (German pronunciation: [ˈʔɪç ˈbɪn ʔaɪn bɛɐ̯ˈliːnɐ], \"I am a Berliner\") is a quotation from a June 26, 1963, speech by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in West Berlin. It is widely regarded as the best-known speech of the Cold War and the most famous anti-communist speech. Kennedy aimed to underline the support of the United States for West Germany 22 months after Soviet-supported East Germany erected the Berlin Wall to prevent mass emigration to the West. The message was aimed as much at the Soviets as it was at Berliners and was a clear statement of",
"short_answers": [
"U.S. President John F. Kennedy"
]
} |
where is creatine phosphate found in the body | [
"brain",
"pancreas",
"skeletal muscle and the brain",
"muscle cells",
"heart"
] | [
{
"title": "Creatine",
"text": "that the intramuscular stores of creatine can be increased by ingesting creatine in larger than normal amounts, scientists discovered \"creatine phosphate\", and determined that creatine is a key player in the metabolism of skeletal muscle. The substance creatine is naturally... | {
"title": "Phosphocreatine",
"long_answer": "Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate (CP) or PCr (Pcr), is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle and the brain to recycle adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate (CP) or PCr (Pcr), is a phosphorylated creatine molecule that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle and the brain to recycle adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.",
"short_answers": [
"skeletal muscle and the brain"
]
} |
who defeated the last remaining roman army in europe | [
"Goths"
] | [
{
"title": "Final War of the Roman Republic",
"text": "the so-called Pax Romana (Roman Peace). The Empire that Augustus established would last in Western Europe until the fall of Rome in the 5th century AD. The Eastern part of the Roman Empire would also survive as the Byzantine Empire until the fall of Con... | {
"title": "Fall of the Western Roman Empire",
"long_answer": "Relevant dates include 117 CE, when the Empire was at its greatest territorial extent, and the accession of Diocletian in 284. Irreversible major territorial loss, however, began in 376 with a large-scale irruption of Goths and others. In 395, after winning two destructive civil wars, Theodosius I died, leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire, still plagued by Goths, divided between his two incapable sons. By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus, the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military, political, or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman. Invading barbarians had established their own power in most of the area of the Western Empire. While its legitimacy lasted for centuries longer and its cultural influence remains today, the Western Empire never had the strength to rise again.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Relevant dates include 117 CE, when the Empire was at its greatest territorial extent, and the accession of Diocletian in 284. Irreversible major territorial loss, however, began in 376 with a large-scale irruption of Goths and others. In 395, after winning two destructive civil wars, Theodosius I died, leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire, still plagued by Goths, divided between his two incapable sons. By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus, the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military, political, or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described",
"short_answers": [
"Goths"
]
} |
india's first arctic research station set up in 2008 what is the name | [
"Himadri Station"
] | [
{
"title": "Bharati (research station)",
"text": "Bharati (research station) Bharati (Hindi: भारती) is an Antarctic research station commissioned by India. It is India's third Antarctic research facility and one of two active Indian research stations, alongside Maitri. India's first committed research facil... | {
"title": "Himadri Station",
"long_answer": "Himadri Station is India's first Arctic research station located at Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway. It is located at the International Arctic Research base, Ny-Ålesund. It was inaugurated on the 1st of July, 2008 by the Minister of Earth Sciences. It was set up during India's second Arctic expedition in June 2008. It is located at a distance of 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) from the North Pole.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Himadri Station is India's first Arctic research station located at Spitsbergen, Svalbard, Norway. It is located at the International Arctic Research base, Ny-Ålesund. It was inaugurated on the 1st of July, 2008 by the Minister of Earth Sciences. It was set up during India's second Arctic expedition in June 2008. It is located at a distance of 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) from the North Pole.",
"short_answers": [
"Himadri Station"
]
} |
when did houston go to the american league | [
"2013"
] | [
{
"title": "Houston Astros",
"text": "both the NL and the AL, when they defeated the New York Yankees in the ALCS. They won the 2017 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, winning four games to three, earning the team, and the state of Texas, its first World Series title. From 1888 until 1961, Housto... | {
"title": "Houston Astros",
"long_answer": "The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas. The Astros compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) West division, having moved to the division in 2013 after spending their first 51 seasons in the National League (NL). The Astros have played their home games at Minute Maid Park since 2000.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team based in Houston, Texas. The Astros compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) West division, having moved to the division in 2013 after spending their first 51 seasons in the National League (NL). The Astros have played their home games at Minute Maid Park since 2000.",
"short_answers": [
"2013"
]
} |
what kind of plate boundary is nepal on | [
"orogenic belt"
] | [
{
"title": "Geology of Nepal",
"text": "Geology of Nepal The geology of Nepal is dominated by the Himalaya, the highest, youngest and a very highly active mountain range. Himalaya is a type locality for the study of on-going continent-continent collision tectonics. The Himalayan arc extends about 2400 km fr... | {
"title": "Indian Plate",
"long_answer": "The collision with the Eurasian Plate along the boundary between India and Nepal formed the orogenic belt that created the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalaya Mountains, as sediment bunched up like earth before a plow.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The collision with the Eurasian Plate along the boundary between India and Nepal formed the orogenic belt that created the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalaya Mountains, as sediment bunched up like earth before a plow.",
"short_answers": [
"orogenic belt"
]
} |
who painted the world famous painting the last supper | [
"Leonardo da Vinci"
] | [
{
"title": "Gustavus Hesselius",
"text": "American colonies. Commissioned in October 1721, it is displayed on the choir gallery of St. Barnabas Church, Upper Marlboro, Maryland. Before this, most painting in the new world had been portraits. \"The Last Supper\" was the first significant American painting to... | {
"title": "The Last Supper (Leonardo da Vinci)",
"long_answer": "The Last Supper (Italian: Il Cenacolo [il tʃeˈnaːkolo] or L'Ultima Cena [ˈlultima ˈtʃeːna]) is a late 15th-century mural painting by Leonardo da Vinci housed by the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan. It is one of the world's most recognizable paintings.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Last Supper (Italian: Il Cenacolo [il tʃeˈnaːkolo] or L'Ultima Cena [ˈlultima ˈtʃeːna]) is a late 15th-century mural painting by Leonardo da Vinci housed by the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan. It is one of the world's most recognizable paintings.",
"short_answers": [
"Leonardo da Vinci"
]
} |
when does wentworth season 6 start in australia | [
"2019",
"19 June 2018"
] | [
{
"title": "Wentworth (season 4)",
"text": "in Australia, and on DVD-only format in the United Kingdom, and for the first time, it had only received a DVD release in Germany. It is not yet available in North America. Wentworth (season 4) The fourth season of the television drama series \"Wentworth\" premier... | {
"title": "Wentworth (TV series)",
"long_answer": "A sixth season was commissioned by Foxtel on 9 May 2017, which will premiere on 19 June 2018. A seventh season was commissioned in April 2018, before the sixth season premiere, with filming commencing the following week and a premiere set for 2019.",
"chunked_long_answer": "A sixth season was commissioned by Foxtel on 9 May 2017, which will premiere on 19 June 2018. A seventh season was commissioned in April 2018, before the sixth season premiere, with filming commencing the following week and a premiere set for 2019.",
"short_answers": [
"19 June 2018",
"2019"
]
} |
what is the name of india pakistan border | [
"International Border",
"IB",
"International Border (IB)",
"India and Pakistan Border",
"The India and Pakistan Border"
] | [
{
"title": "India–Pakistan border",
"text": "poles. The border between the two Nations is an internationally recognised frontier from Gujarat/Sindh only with exemption to the Line of Control that is not internationally accepted. The Kashmir disputed region is divided by the 1949 UN ceasefire line, establish... | {
"title": "India–Pakistan border",
"long_answer": "The India and Pakistan Border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states and the four provinces of Pakistan. The border runs from the Line of Control (LoC), which separates the Indian controlled Kashmir from Pakistan controlled Kashmir, in the north, to Wagah, which partitioned the Indian Punjab state and Punjab Province of Pakistan, in the east. The Zero Point separates the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to Sindh province of Pakistan, in the south.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The India and Pakistan Border, known locally as the International Border (IB), is an international border running between India and Pakistan that demarcates the Indian states and the four provinces of Pakistan. The border runs from the Line of Control (LoC), which separates the Indian controlled Kashmir from Pakistan controlled Kashmir, in the north, to Wagah, which partitioned the Indian Punjab state and Punjab Province of Pakistan, in the east. The Zero Point separates the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to Sindh province of Pakistan, in the south.",
"short_answers": [
"IB",
"India and Pakistan Border",
"International Border",
"International Border (IB)",
"The India and Pakistan Border"
]
} |
atlantic ocean's shape is similar to which english alphabet | [
"S"
] | [
{
"title": "Atlantic Ocean",
"text": "variations, values may vary by . From October to June the surface is usually covered with sea ice in the Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and Baltic Sea. The Coriolis effect circulates North Atlantic water in a clockwise direction, whereas South Atlantic water circulates c... | {
"title": "Atlantic Ocean",
"long_answer": "The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Eurasia and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean, to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica). The Equatorial Counter Current subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and the South Atlantic Ocean at about 8°N.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Eurasia and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean, to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica). The Equatorial Counter Current subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and the South Atlantic Ocean at about 8°N.",
"short_answers": [
"S"
]
} |
who is credited with creating the gothic art movement | [
"Abbot Suger"
] | [
{
"title": "Gothic art",
"text": "Gothic art Gothic art was a style of medieval art that developed in Northern France out of Romanesque art in the 12th century AD, led by the concurrent development of Gothic architecture. It spread to all of Western Europe, and much of Southern and Central Europe, never qui... | {
"title": "Gothic art",
"long_answer": "Gothic art emerged in Île-de-France, France, in the early 12th century at the Abbey Church of St Denis built by Abbot Suger. The style rapidly spread beyond its origins in architecture to sculpture, both monumental and personal in size, textile art, and painting, which took a variety of forms, including fresco, stained glass, the illuminated manuscript, and panel painting. Monastic orders, especially the Cistercians and the Carthusians, were important builders who disseminated the style and developed distinctive variants of it across Europe. Regional variations of architecture remained important, even when, by the late 14th century, a coherent universal style known as International Gothic had evolved, which continued until the late 15th century, and beyond in many areas.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Gothic art emerged in Île-de-France, France, in the early 12th century at the Abbey Church of St Denis built by Abbot Suger. The style rapidly spread beyond its origins in architecture to sculpture, both monumental and personal in size, textile art, and painting, which took a variety of forms, including fresco, stained glass, the illuminated manuscript, and panel painting. Monastic orders, especially the Cistercians and the Carthusians, were important builders who disseminated the style and developed distinctive variants of it across Europe. Regional variations of architecture remained important, even when, by the late 14th century, a coherent universal style known",
"short_answers": [
"Abbot Suger"
]
} |
what is the central idea of the poem the rime of ancient mariner | [
"a violation of nature"
] | [
{
"title": "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner",
"text": "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (originally The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere) is the longest major poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, written in 1797–98 and published in 1798 in the first edition of \"Lyric... | {
"title": "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner",
"long_answer": "On a surface level the poem explores a violation of nature and the resulting psychological effects on the mariner and on all those who hear him. According to Jerome McGann the poem is like a salvation story. The poem's structure is multi-layered text based on Coleridge's interest in Higher Criticism. \"Like the Iliad or Paradise Lost or any great historical product, the Rime is a work of transhistorical rather than so-called universal significance. This verbal distinction is important because it calls attention to a real one. Like The Divine Comedy or any other poem, the Rime is not valued or used always or everywhere or by everyone in the same way or for the same reasons.\"",
"chunked_long_answer": "On a surface level the poem explores a violation of nature and the resulting psychological effects on the mariner and on all those who hear him. According to Jerome McGann the poem is like a salvation story. The poem's structure is multi-layered text based on Coleridge's interest in Higher Criticism. \"Like the Iliad or Paradise Lost or any great historical product, the Rime is a work of transhistorical rather than so-called universal significance. This verbal distinction is important because it calls attention to a real one. Like The Divine Comedy or any other poem, the Rime is not valued or",
"short_answers": [
"a violation of nature"
]
} |
what is the name given to the common currency to the european union | [
"euro",
"The euro"
] | [
{
"title": "Currency union",
"text": "such as some of the EU member state special territories, are sometimes treated as separate customs territory from their mainland state or have varying arrangements of formal or de facto customs union, common market and currency union (or combinations thereof) with the m... | {
"title": "Currencies of the European Union",
"long_answer": "There are eleven currencies of the European Union as of 2015 used officially by member states. The euro accounts for the majority of the member states with the remainder operating independent monetary policies. Those European Union states that have adopted it are known as the eurozone and share the European Central Bank (ECB). The ECB and the national central banks of all EU countries, including those who operate an independent currency, are part of the European System of Central Banks.",
"chunked_long_answer": "There are eleven currencies of the European Union as of 2015 used officially by member states. The euro accounts for the majority of the member states with the remainder operating independent monetary policies. Those European Union states that have adopted it are known as the eurozone and share the European Central Bank (ECB). The ECB and the national central banks of all EU countries, including those who operate an independent currency, are part of the European System of Central Banks.",
"short_answers": [
"The euro",
"euro"
]
} |
what type of reproduction do whiptail lizards use | [
"parthenogenesis",
"Parthenogenesis",
"parthenogenic"
] | [
{
"title": "Parthenogenesis",
"text": "can lead to parthenogenetic reproduction is unknown. Recently, a hybrid parthenogenetic whiptail lizard was bred in the laboratory from a cross between an asexual and a sexual whiptail. Because multiple hybridization events can occur, individual parthenogenetic whiptai... | {
"title": "New Mexico whiptail",
"long_answer": "The hybridization of these species prevents healthy males from forming, whereas males exist in both parent species (see Sexual differentiation). Parthenogenesis allows the resulting all-female population to reproduce and thus evolve into a unique species capable of reproduction. This combination of interspecific hybridization and parthenogenesis exists as a reproductive strategy in several species of whiptail lizard within the Cnemidophorus genus to which the New Mexico whiptail belongs.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The hybridization of these species prevents healthy males from forming, whereas males exist in both parent species (see Sexual differentiation). Parthenogenesis allows the resulting all-female population to reproduce and thus evolve into a unique species capable of reproduction. This combination of interspecific hybridization and parthenogenesis exists as a reproductive strategy in several species of whiptail lizard within the Cnemidophorus genus to which the New Mexico whiptail belongs.",
"short_answers": [
"Parthenogenesis"
]
} |
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