id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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56e033fc7aa994140058e361 | What publication is Schodt responsible for? | Manga! Manga! The World of Japanese Comics | [
"Comics\n\nHistorical narratives of manga tend to focus either on its recent, post-WWII history, or on attempts to demonstrates deep roots in the past, such as to the Chōjū-jinbutsu-giga picture scroll of the 12th and 13th centuries, or the early 19th-century Hokusai Manga. The first historical overview of Japanese... |
56e0353d7aa994140058e371 | Who put together a history of American comics in 1947? | Coulton Waugh | [
"Comics\n\nCoulton Waugh attempted the first comprehensive history of American comics with The Comics (1947). Will Eisner's Comics and Sequential Art (1985) and Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics (1993) were early attempts in English to formalize the study of comics. David Carrier's The Aesthetics of Comics (2000... |
56e0353d7aa994140058e372 | What was the name of Waugh's work? | The Comics | [
"Comics\n\nCoulton Waugh attempted the first comprehensive history of American comics with The Comics (1947). Will Eisner's Comics and Sequential Art (1985) and Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics (1993) were early attempts in English to formalize the study of comics. David Carrier's The Aesthetics of Comics (2000... |
56e0353d7aa994140058e373 | Who created a book about comics from a philosophical point of view? | David Carrier | [
"Comics\n\nCoulton Waugh attempted the first comprehensive history of American comics with The Comics (1947). Will Eisner's Comics and Sequential Art (1985) and Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics (1993) were early attempts in English to formalize the study of comics. David Carrier's The Aesthetics of Comics (2000... |
56e0353d7aa994140058e375 | What book did Will Eisner create in 1985? | Comics and Sequential Art | [
"Comics\n\nCoulton Waugh attempted the first comprehensive history of American comics with The Comics (1947). Will Eisner's Comics and Sequential Art (1985) and Scott McCloud's Understanding Comics (1993) were early attempts in English to formalize the study of comics. David Carrier's The Aesthetics of Comics (2000... |
56e035be7aa994140058e385 | What word is used in France for comics? | bandes dessinées | [
"Comics\n\nCross-cultural study of comics is complicated by the great difference in meaning and scope of the words for \"comics\" in different languages. The French term for comics, bandes dessinées (\"drawn strip\") emphasizes the juxtaposition of drawn images as a defining factor, which can imply the exclusion of... |
56e035be7aa994140058e386 | What word is used in Japan for comics? | manga | [
"Comics\n\nCross-cultural study of comics is complicated by the great difference in meaning and scope of the words for \"comics\" in different languages. The French term for comics, bandes dessinées (\"drawn strip\") emphasizes the juxtaposition of drawn images as a defining factor, which can imply the exclusion of... |
56e035be7aa994140058e388 | What does bandes dessinées mean? | drawn strip | [
"Comics\n\nCross-cultural study of comics is complicated by the great difference in meaning and scope of the words for \"comics\" in different languages. The French term for comics, bandes dessinées (\"drawn strip\") emphasizes the juxtaposition of drawn images as a defining factor, which can imply the exclusion of... |
56e035be7aa994140058e389 | What is the definitive factor of bandes dessinées? | drawn images | [
"Comics\n\nCross-cultural study of comics is complicated by the great difference in meaning and scope of the words for \"comics\" in different languages. The French term for comics, bandes dessinées (\"drawn strip\") emphasizes the juxtaposition of drawn images as a defining factor, which can imply the exclusion of... |
56e038497aa994140058e3a5 | What comics are on the Internet? | Webcomics | [
"Comics\n\nWebcomics are comics that are available on the internet. They are able to reach large audiences, and new readers usually can access archived installments. Webcomics can make use of an infinite canvas—meaning they are not constrained by size or dimensions of a page."
] |
56e038497aa994140058e3a6 | Webcomics reach large audiences and new what? | readers | [
"Comics\n\nWebcomics are comics that are available on the internet. They are able to reach large audiences, and new readers usually can access archived installments. Webcomics can make use of an infinite canvas—meaning they are not constrained by size or dimensions of a page."
] |
56e038497aa994140058e3a7 | With webcomics, readers have access to what? | archived installments | [
"Comics\n\nWebcomics are comics that are available on the internet. They are able to reach large audiences, and new readers usually can access archived installments. Webcomics can make use of an infinite canvas—meaning they are not constrained by size or dimensions of a page."
] |
56e038497aa994140058e3a8 | Not held back by size limits, webcomics are said to have a what? | infinite canvas | [
"Comics\n\nWebcomics are comics that are available on the internet. They are able to reach large audiences, and new readers usually can access archived installments. Webcomics can make use of an infinite canvas—meaning they are not constrained by size or dimensions of a page."
] |
56e0388a231d4119001abfdd | Storyboards and what are thought to be comics by some? | Wordless novels | [
"Comics\n\nSome consider storyboards and wordless novels to be comics. Film studios, especially in animation, often use sequences of images as guides for film sequences. These storyboards are not intended as an end product and are rarely seen by the public. Wordless novels are books which use sequences of captionle... |
56e0388a231d4119001abfde | Storyboards are used a lot by what? | Film studios | [
"Comics\n\nSome consider storyboards and wordless novels to be comics. Film studios, especially in animation, often use sequences of images as guides for film sequences. These storyboards are not intended as an end product and are rarely seen by the public. Wordless novels are books which use sequences of captionle... |
56e0388a231d4119001abfdf | Storyboards are not considered what? | an end product | [
"Comics\n\nSome consider storyboards and wordless novels to be comics. Film studios, especially in animation, often use sequences of images as guides for film sequences. These storyboards are not intended as an end product and are rarely seen by the public. Wordless novels are books which use sequences of captionle... |
56e0388a231d4119001abfe0 | Who does not often see storyboards used in film making? | the public | [
"Comics\n\nSome consider storyboards and wordless novels to be comics. Film studios, especially in animation, often use sequences of images as guides for film sequences. These storyboards are not intended as an end product and are rarely seen by the public. Wordless novels are books which use sequences of captionle... |
56e0388a231d4119001abfe1 | A book with pictures with no captions that tell a story are called what? | Wordless novels | [
"Comics\n\nSome consider storyboards and wordless novels to be comics. Film studios, especially in animation, often use sequences of images as guides for film sequences. These storyboards are not intended as an end product and are rarely seen by the public. Wordless novels are books which use sequences of captionle... |
56e038cc7aa994140058e3b5 | What has not been reached as far as defining comics is concerned? | consensus | [
"Comics\n\nSimilar to the problems of defining literature and film, no consensus has been reached on a definition of the comics medium, and attempted definitions and descriptions have fallen prey to numerous exceptions. Theorists such as Töpffer, R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner, David Carrier, Alain Rey, and Lawrence Gro... |
56e038cc7aa994140058e3b6 | R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner and others are considered to be comic what? | Theorists | [
"Comics\n\nSimilar to the problems of defining literature and film, no consensus has been reached on a definition of the comics medium, and attempted definitions and descriptions have fallen prey to numerous exceptions. Theorists such as Töpffer, R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner, David Carrier, Alain Rey, and Lawrence Gro... |
56e038cc7aa994140058e3b7 | What are there prominent examples of in comic history? | pantomime comics | [
"Comics\n\nSimilar to the problems of defining literature and film, no consensus has been reached on a definition of the comics medium, and attempted definitions and descriptions have fallen prey to numerous exceptions. Theorists such as Töpffer, R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner, David Carrier, Alain Rey, and Lawrence Gro... |
56e038cc7aa994140058e3b8 | Comic critics, such as McCloud, stressed that sequences of what should be primary? | images | [
"Comics\n\nSimilar to the problems of defining literature and film, no consensus has been reached on a definition of the comics medium, and attempted definitions and descriptions have fallen prey to numerous exceptions. Theorists such as Töpffer, R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner, David Carrier, Alain Rey, and Lawrence Gro... |
56e038cc7aa994140058e3b9 | What century had forgotten comic forms rediscovered? | 20th | [
"Comics\n\nSimilar to the problems of defining literature and film, no consensus has been reached on a definition of the comics medium, and attempted definitions and descriptions have fallen prey to numerous exceptions. Theorists such as Töpffer, R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner, David Carrier, Alain Rey, and Lawrence Gro... |
56e039097aa994140058e3bf | In the 1840s, Töpffer wrote theories about whose work? | his own | [
"Comics\n\nEuropean comics studies began with Töpffer's theories of his own work in the 1840s, which emphasized panel transitions and the visual–verbal combination. No further progress was made until the 1970s. Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle then took a semiotics approach to the study of comics, analyzing text–image rel... |
56e039097aa994140058e3c0 | Who introduced the term "multiframe"? | Henri Vanlier | [
"Comics\n\nEuropean comics studies began with Töpffer's theories of his own work in the 1840s, which emphasized panel transitions and the visual–verbal combination. No further progress was made until the 1970s. Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle then took a semiotics approach to the study of comics, analyzing text–image rel... |
56e039097aa994140058e3c2 | Who used a semiotics method to study comics in the 1970s? | Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle | [
"Comics\n\nEuropean comics studies began with Töpffer's theories of his own work in the 1840s, which emphasized panel transitions and the visual–verbal combination. No further progress was made until the 1970s. Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle then took a semiotics approach to the study of comics, analyzing text–image rel... |
56e039097aa994140058e3c3 | Who used cognitive science to learn how people understand comics? | Neil Cohn | [
"Comics\n\nEuropean comics studies began with Töpffer's theories of his own work in the 1840s, which emphasized panel transitions and the visual–verbal combination. No further progress was made until the 1970s. Pierre Fresnault-Deruelle then took a semiotics approach to the study of comics, analyzing text–image rel... |
56e039947aa994140058e3d3 | What Russian word is used for comics? | komiks | [
"Comics\n\nMany cultures have taken their words for comics from English, including Russian (Russian: Комикс, komiks) and German (comic). Similarly, the Chinese term manhua and the Korean manhwa derive from the Chinese characters with which the Japanese term manga is written."
] |
56e039947aa994140058e3d4 | What German word is used for comics? | comics | [
"Comics\n\nMany cultures have taken their words for comics from English, including Russian (Russian: Комикс, komiks) and German (comic). Similarly, the Chinese term manhua and the Korean manhwa derive from the Chinese characters with which the Japanese term manga is written."
] |
56e039947aa994140058e3d5 | What Chinese word was derived from the Japanese word manga? | manhua | [
"Comics\n\nMany cultures have taken their words for comics from English, including Russian (Russian: Комикс, komiks) and German (comic). Similarly, the Chinese term manhua and the Korean manhwa derive from the Chinese characters with which the Japanese term manga is written."
] |
56e039947aa994140058e3d6 | What Korean word was derived from the Japanese word for manga? | manhwa | [
"Comics\n\nMany cultures have taken their words for comics from English, including Russian (Russian: Комикс, komiks) and German (comic). Similarly, the Chinese term manhua and the Korean manhwa derive from the Chinese characters with which the Japanese term manga is written."
] |
56e03ae1231d4119001abfff | The word comic comes from the humorous pieces found where? | newspaper comic strips | [
"Comics\n\nThe English term comics derives from the humorous (or \"comic\") work which predominated in early American newspaper comic strips; usage of the term has become standard for non-humorous works as well. The term \"comic book\" has a similarly confusing history: they are most often not humorous; nor are the... |
56e03ae1231d4119001ac000 | Comic is used for what other kind of work other than humorous works? | non-humorous | [
"Comics\n\nThe English term comics derives from the humorous (or \"comic\") work which predominated in early American newspaper comic strips; usage of the term has become standard for non-humorous works as well. The term \"comic book\" has a similarly confusing history: they are most often not humorous; nor are the... |
56e03ae1231d4119001ac001 | Comic books are what type of books? | periodicals | [
"Comics\n\nThe English term comics derives from the humorous (or \"comic\") work which predominated in early American newspaper comic strips; usage of the term has become standard for non-humorous works as well. The term \"comic book\" has a similarly confusing history: they are most often not humorous; nor are the... |
56e03ae1231d4119001ac002 | What is the term that the English use for the comics out of Japan? | manga | [
"Comics\n\nThe English term comics derives from the humorous (or \"comic\") work which predominated in early American newspaper comic strips; usage of the term has become standard for non-humorous works as well. The term \"comic book\" has a similarly confusing history: they are most often not humorous; nor are the... |
56e03ae1231d4119001ac003 | What is the term that the English use for the comics that come out of Belgian? | bandes dessinées | [
"Comics\n\nThe English term comics derives from the humorous (or \"comic\") work which predominated in early American newspaper comic strips; usage of the term has become standard for non-humorous works as well. The term \"comic book\" has a similarly confusing history: they are most often not humorous; nor are the... |
56e03b7f7aa994140058e3e4 | Though one person typically creates the comic, there are usually a number of what involved in actually designing it? | specialists | [
"Comics\n\nWhile comics are often the work of a single creator, the labour of making them is frequently divided between a number of specialists. There may be separate writers and artists, and artists may specialize in parts of the artwork such as characters or backgrounds, as is common in Japan. Particularly in Ame... |
56e03b7f7aa994140058e3e5 | What is a person called who does the initial pencil work for the artwork? | penciller | [
"Comics\n\nWhile comics are often the work of a single creator, the labour of making them is frequently divided between a number of specialists. There may be separate writers and artists, and artists may specialize in parts of the artwork such as characters or backgrounds, as is common in Japan. Particularly in Ame... |
56e03b7f7aa994140058e3e6 | What does an inker do? | finishes the artwork in ink | [
"Comics\n\nWhile comics are often the work of a single creator, the labour of making them is frequently divided between a number of specialists. There may be separate writers and artists, and artists may specialize in parts of the artwork such as characters or backgrounds, as is common in Japan. Particularly in Ame... |
56e03c3c7aa994140058e3ed | What are the individual images with action called in comics? | Panels | [
"Comics\n\nPanels are individual images containing a segment of action, often surrounded by a border. Prime moments in a narrative are broken down into panels via a process called encapsulation. The reader puts the pieces together via the process of closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of pane... |
56e03c3c7aa994140058e3ee | Narrative is placed into panels using what? | encapsulation | [
"Comics\n\nPanels are individual images containing a segment of action, often surrounded by a border. Prime moments in a narrative are broken down into panels via a process called encapsulation. The reader puts the pieces together via the process of closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of pane... |
56e03c3c7aa994140058e3ef | Who puts the panels together using closure? | The reader | [
"Comics\n\nPanels are individual images containing a segment of action, often surrounded by a border. Prime moments in a narrative are broken down into panels via a process called encapsulation. The reader puts the pieces together via the process of closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of pane... |
56e03c3c7aa994140058e3f0 | Timing and pace of comics is made by adjusting size, shape and what of panels? | arrangement | [
"Comics\n\nPanels are individual images containing a segment of action, often surrounded by a border. Prime moments in a narrative are broken down into panels via a process called encapsulation. The reader puts the pieces together via the process of closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of pane... |
56e03c3c7aa994140058e3f1 | When a comic panel has events that are not at the same time the panel is considered to be what? | asynchronous | [
"Comics\n\nPanels are individual images containing a segment of action, often surrounded by a border. Prime moments in a narrative are broken down into panels via a process called encapsulation. The reader puts the pieces together via the process of closure by using background knowledge and an understanding of pane... |
56e03c7e231d4119001ac00b | What association with comics is strong? | Speech balloons | [
"Comics\n\nText is frequently incorporated into comics via speech balloons, captions, and sound effects. Speech balloons indicate dialogue (or thought, in the case of thought balloons), with tails pointing at their respective speakers. Captions can give voice to a narrator, convey characters' dialogue or thoughts, ... |
56e03c7e231d4119001ac00c | The presence of a single speech balloon in an image turns it into what? | comics | [
"Comics\n\nText is frequently incorporated into comics via speech balloons, captions, and sound effects. Speech balloons indicate dialogue (or thought, in the case of thought balloons), with tails pointing at their respective speakers. Captions can give voice to a narrator, convey characters' dialogue or thoughts, ... |
56e03c7e231d4119001ac00d | What type of words are used to do sound effects in comics? | onomatopoeia | [
"Comics\n\nText is frequently incorporated into comics via speech balloons, captions, and sound effects. Speech balloons indicate dialogue (or thought, in the case of thought balloons), with tails pointing at their respective speakers. Captions can give voice to a narrator, convey characters' dialogue or thoughts, ... |
56e03cc27aa994140058e3f7 | What type of ink is often used in making comics? | India ink | [
"Comics\n\nCartooning is most frequently used in making comics, traditionally using ink (especially India ink) with dip pens or ink brushes; mixed media and digital technology have become common. Cartooning techniques such as motion lines and abstract symbols are often employed."
] |
56e03cc27aa994140058e3f8 | What method is mostly used in making comics? | Cartooning | [
"Comics\n\nCartooning is most frequently used in making comics, traditionally using ink (especially India ink) with dip pens or ink brushes; mixed media and digital technology have become common. Cartooning techniques such as motion lines and abstract symbols are often employed."
] |
56e03cc27aa994140058e3f9 | Mixed media and what else are becoming popular for making comics? | digital technology | [
"Comics\n\nCartooning is most frequently used in making comics, traditionally using ink (especially India ink) with dip pens or ink brushes; mixed media and digital technology have become common. Cartooning techniques such as motion lines and abstract symbols are often employed."
] |
56e03cc27aa994140058e3fa | Motion lines and what are often used in comics? | abstract symbols | [
"Comics\n\nCartooning is most frequently used in making comics, traditionally using ink (especially India ink) with dip pens or ink brushes; mixed media and digital technology have become common. Cartooning techniques such as motion lines and abstract symbols are often employed."
] |
56e02701231d4119001abf5b | What is Saint Helena tropical island named after? | Saint Helena of Constantinople | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nSaint Helena (/ˌseɪnt həˈliːnə/ SAYNT-hə-LEE-nə) is a volcanic tropical island in the South Atlantic Ocean, 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) east of Rio de Janeiro and 1,950 kilometres (1,210 mi) west of the Cunene River, which marks the border between Namibia and Angola in southwestern Africa. It is pa... |
56e02701231d4119001abf5c | What ocean is Saint Helena located in? | South Atlantic Ocean | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nSaint Helena (/ˌseɪnt həˈliːnə/ SAYNT-hə-LEE-nə) is a volcanic tropical island in the South Atlantic Ocean, 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) east of Rio de Janeiro and 1,950 kilometres (1,210 mi) west of the Cunene River, which marks the border between Namibia and Angola in southwestern Africa. It is pa... |
56e02701231d4119001abf5d | What is the population of Saint Helena? | 4,255 | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nSaint Helena (/ˌseɪnt həˈliːnə/ SAYNT-hə-LEE-nə) is a volcanic tropical island in the South Atlantic Ocean, 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) east of Rio de Janeiro and 1,950 kilometres (1,210 mi) west of the Cunene River, which marks the border between Namibia and Angola in southwestern Africa. It is pa... |
56e02701231d4119001abf5e | How big is Saint Helena tropical Island? | 16 by 8 kilometres | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nSaint Helena (/ˌseɪnt həˈliːnə/ SAYNT-hə-LEE-nə) is a volcanic tropical island in the South Atlantic Ocean, 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) east of Rio de Janeiro and 1,950 kilometres (1,210 mi) west of the Cunene River, which marks the border between Namibia and Angola in southwestern Africa. It is pa... |
56e0285a231d4119001abf63 | When was the island discovered? | 1502 | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nThe island was uninhabited when discovered by the Portuguese in 1502. One of the most remote islands in the world, it was for centuries an important stopover for ships sailing to Europe from Asia and South Africa. Napoleon was imprisoned there in exile by the British, as were Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo (... |
56e0285a231d4119001abf64 | How many Boers were taken prisoner during the Second Boer War? | more than 5,000 | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nThe island was uninhabited when discovered by the Portuguese in 1502. One of the most remote islands in the world, it was for centuries an important stopover for ships sailing to Europe from Asia and South Africa. Napoleon was imprisoned there in exile by the British, as were Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo (... |
56e0285a231d4119001abf66 | Why was Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo imprisoned on the island? | leading a Zulu army against British rule | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nThe island was uninhabited when discovered by the Portuguese in 1502. One of the most remote islands in the world, it was for centuries an important stopover for ships sailing to Europe from Asia and South Africa. Napoleon was imprisoned there in exile by the British, as were Dinuzulu kaCetshwayo (... |
56e029737aa994140058e2d7 | The roots of what were established on Saint Helena? | environmentalism | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nBetween 1791 and 1833, Saint Helena became the site of a series of experiments in conservation, reforestation and attempts to boost rainfall artificially. This environmental intervention was closely linked to the conceptualisation of the processes of environmental change and helped establish the ro... |
56e029737aa994140058e2d8 | What did scientists attempt to boost artificially on Saint Helena? | rainfall | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nBetween 1791 and 1833, Saint Helena became the site of a series of experiments in conservation, reforestation and attempts to boost rainfall artificially. This environmental intervention was closely linked to the conceptualisation of the processes of environmental change and helped establish the ro... |
56e029737aa994140058e2d9 | The environmental intervention was linked to the conceptualization of what process? | environmental change | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nBetween 1791 and 1833, Saint Helena became the site of a series of experiments in conservation, reforestation and attempts to boost rainfall artificially. This environmental intervention was closely linked to the conceptualisation of the processes of environmental change and helped establish the ro... |
56e02aba7aa994140058e2e7 | What date was the island discovered on? | 21 May 1502 | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nMost historical accounts state that the island was discovered on 21 May 1502 by the Galician navigator João da Nova sailing at the service of Portugal, and that he named it \"Santa Helena\" after Helena of Constantinople. Another theory holds that the island found by da Nova was actually Tristan da... |
56e02aba7aa994140058e2e8 | What navigator discovered the island? | João da Nova | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nMost historical accounts state that the island was discovered on 21 May 1502 by the Galician navigator João da Nova sailing at the service of Portugal, and that he named it \"Santa Helena\" after Helena of Constantinople. Another theory holds that the island found by da Nova was actually Tristan da... |
56e02aba7aa994140058e2e9 | What country was João da Nova doing service for? | Portugal | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nMost historical accounts state that the island was discovered on 21 May 1502 by the Galician navigator João da Nova sailing at the service of Portugal, and that he named it \"Santa Helena\" after Helena of Constantinople. Another theory holds that the island found by da Nova was actually Tristan da... |
56e02aba7aa994140058e2ea | What person is Saint Helena Island named after? | Helena of Constantinople | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nMost historical accounts state that the island was discovered on 21 May 1502 by the Galician navigator João da Nova sailing at the service of Portugal, and that he named it \"Santa Helena\" after Helena of Constantinople. Another theory holds that the island found by da Nova was actually Tristan da... |
56e02b8a7aa994140058e2ef | What did the island have an abundance of when discovered? | trees and fresh water. | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nThe Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for shi... |
56e02b8a7aa994140058e2f0 | What was imported by the settlers of the island? | livestock, fruit trees and vegetables | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nThe Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for shi... |
56e02b8a7aa994140058e2f1 | What kind of buildings were built by the settlers? | a chapel and one or two houses. | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nThe Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for shi... |
56e02b8a7aa994140058e2f2 | Who was left on the island to recover when sick? | mariners | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nThe Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for shi... |
56e02b8a7aa994140058e2f3 | What was the island a source of for ships travelling from Asia to Europe? | food | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nThe Portuguese found the island uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island was an important rendezvous point and source of food for shi... |
56e02cb57aa994140058e2f9 | Who probably located the island on their final leg of their circumnavigation trip? | Englishman Sir Francis Drake | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nEnglishman Sir Francis Drake probably located the island on the final leg of his circumnavigation of the world (1577–1580). Further visits by other English explorers followed, and, once Saint Helena’s location was more widely known, English ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack Po... |
56e02cb57aa994140058e2fb | What did English ships of war attack on the island? | Portuguese India carracks | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nEnglishman Sir Francis Drake probably located the island on the final leg of his circumnavigation of the world (1577–1580). Further visits by other English explorers followed, and, once Saint Helena’s location was more widely known, English ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack Po... |
56e02cb57aa994140058e2fc | Who developed a far east trade and began to frequent the island? | the Dutch | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nEnglishman Sir Francis Drake probably located the island on the final leg of his circumnavigation of the world (1577–1580). Further visits by other English explorers followed, and, once Saint Helena’s location was more widely known, English ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack Po... |
56e02cb57aa994140058e2fd | Who gave up calling at the island due to attacks on their shipping? | The Portuguese and Spanish | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nEnglishman Sir Francis Drake probably located the island on the final leg of his circumnavigation of the world (1577–1580). Further visits by other English explorers followed, and, once Saint Helena’s location was more widely known, English ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack Po... |
56e02d8d231d4119001abf89 | Who claimed Saint Helena in 1633? | The Dutch Republic | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nThe Dutch Republic formally made claim to Saint Helena in 1633, although there is no evidence that they ever occupied, colonised or fortified it. By 1651, the Dutch had mainly abandoned the island in favour of their colony at the Cape of Good Hope."
] |
56e02d8d231d4119001abf8a | What year did the Dutch abandon the island? | 1651 | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nThe Dutch Republic formally made claim to Saint Helena in 1633, although there is no evidence that they ever occupied, colonised or fortified it. By 1651, the Dutch had mainly abandoned the island in favour of their colony at the Cape of Good Hope."
] |
56e02d8d231d4119001abf8b | Which colony did the Dutch abandon the island for? | Cape of Good Hope. | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nThe Dutch Republic formally made claim to Saint Helena in 1633, although there is no evidence that they ever occupied, colonised or fortified it. By 1651, the Dutch had mainly abandoned the island in favour of their colony at the Cape of Good Hope."
] |
56e02e807aa994140058e303 | Who was granted a charter to govern Saint Helena? | the English East India Company | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nIn 1657, Oliver Cromwell granted the English East India Company a charter to govern Saint Helena and the following year the company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, making Saint Helena one of Britain's oldest colo... |
56e02e807aa994140058e304 | Who granted the English East company a character to govern the island? | Oliver Cromwell | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nIn 1657, Oliver Cromwell granted the English East India Company a charter to govern Saint Helena and the following year the company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, making Saint Helena one of Britain's oldest colo... |
56e02e807aa994140058e305 | Who was the first governor of Saint Helena? | Captain John Dutton | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nIn 1657, Oliver Cromwell granted the English East India Company a charter to govern Saint Helena and the following year the company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, making Saint Helena one of Britain's oldest colo... |
56e02e807aa994140058e306 | What year did the first governor arrive to Saint Helena? | 1659 | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nIn 1657, Oliver Cromwell granted the English East India Company a charter to govern Saint Helena and the following year the company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, making Saint Helena one of Britain's oldest colo... |
56e02e807aa994140058e307 | Who had the sole right to fortify and colonize the island? | East India Company | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nIn 1657, Oliver Cromwell granted the English East India Company a charter to govern Saint Helena and the following year the company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, making Saint Helena one of Britain's oldest colo... |
56e02f6f7aa994140058e317 | What did the English East India Company have difficulty attracting? | new immigrants | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nBetween January and May 1673, the Dutch East India Company forcibly took the island, before English reinforcements restored English East India Company control. The company experienced difficulty attracting new immigrants, and sentiments of unrest and rebellion fomented among the inhabitants. Ecolog... |
56e02f6f7aa994140058e318 | What problems lead to a suggesting to relocate the population? | Ecological problems | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nBetween January and May 1673, the Dutch East India Company forcibly took the island, before English reinforcements restored English East India Company control. The company experienced difficulty attracting new immigrants, and sentiments of unrest and rebellion fomented among the inhabitants. Ecolog... |
56e02f6f7aa994140058e319 | What was the name of the governor who suggested relocating the population of Saint Helena? | Isaac Pyke | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nBetween January and May 1673, the Dutch East India Company forcibly took the island, before English reinforcements restored English East India Company control. The company experienced difficulty attracting new immigrants, and sentiments of unrest and rebellion fomented among the inhabitants. Ecolog... |
56e02f6f7aa994140058e31a | What was the location that was suggested the population be moved too? | Mauritius | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nBetween January and May 1673, the Dutch East India Company forcibly took the island, before English reinforcements restored English East India Company control. The company experienced difficulty attracting new immigrants, and sentiments of unrest and rebellion fomented among the inhabitants. Ecolog... |
56e02f6f7aa994140058e31b | How many slaves were on the island in 1723? | 610 | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nBetween January and May 1673, the Dutch East India Company forcibly took the island, before English reinforcements restored English East India Company control. The company experienced difficulty attracting new immigrants, and sentiments of unrest and rebellion fomented among the inhabitants. Ecolog... |
56e030597aa994140058e32b | When did the Island start to experience a period of prosperity? | 1770 | [
"Saint_Helena\n\n18th century governors tried to tackle the island's problems by implementing tree plantation, improving fortifications, eliminating corruption, building a hospital, tackling the neglect of crops and livestock, controlling the consumption of alcohol and introducing legal reforms. From about 1770, th... |
56e030597aa994140058e32c | What captain visited the island in 1775 on their trip around the world? | James Cook | [
"Saint_Helena\n\n18th century governors tried to tackle the island's problems by implementing tree plantation, improving fortifications, eliminating corruption, building a hospital, tackling the neglect of crops and livestock, controlling the consumption of alcohol and introducing legal reforms. From about 1770, th... |
56e030597aa994140058e32d | What church was erected in Jamestown in 1774? | St. James' Church | [
"Saint_Helena\n\n18th century governors tried to tackle the island's problems by implementing tree plantation, improving fortifications, eliminating corruption, building a hospital, tackling the neglect of crops and livestock, controlling the consumption of alcohol and introducing legal reforms. From about 1770, th... |
56e030597aa994140058e32e | What is the official residence of the governor? | Plantation House | [
"Saint_Helena\n\n18th century governors tried to tackle the island's problems by implementing tree plantation, improving fortifications, eliminating corruption, building a hospital, tackling the neglect of crops and livestock, controlling the consumption of alcohol and introducing legal reforms. From about 1770, th... |
56e031357aa994140058e335 | Who set up an astronomical observatory on Saint Helena? | Edmond Halley | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nOn leaving the University of Oxford, in 1676, Edmond Halley visited Saint Helena and set up an astronomical observatory with a 7.3-metre-long (24 ft) aerial telescope with the intention of studying stars from the Southern Hemisphere. The site of this telescope is near Saint Mathew's Church in Hutt'... |
56e031357aa994140058e336 | What university did Edmond Halley attend? | University of Oxford | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nOn leaving the University of Oxford, in 1676, Edmond Halley visited Saint Helena and set up an astronomical observatory with a 7.3-metre-long (24 ft) aerial telescope with the intention of studying stars from the Southern Hemisphere. The site of this telescope is near Saint Mathew's Church in Hutt'... |
56e031357aa994140058e337 | How many feet was the telescope that was set up in the observatory? | 24 | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nOn leaving the University of Oxford, in 1676, Edmond Halley visited Saint Helena and set up an astronomical observatory with a 7.3-metre-long (24 ft) aerial telescope with the intention of studying stars from the Southern Hemisphere. The site of this telescope is near Saint Mathew's Church in Hutt'... |
56e031357aa994140058e338 | What district is the telescope set up in? | Longwood district | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nOn leaving the University of Oxford, in 1676, Edmond Halley visited Saint Helena and set up an astronomical observatory with a 7.3-metre-long (24 ft) aerial telescope with the intention of studying stars from the Southern Hemisphere. The site of this telescope is near Saint Mathew's Church in Hutt'... |
56e031357aa994140058e339 | What hemisphere of stars did Edmond Halley want to study with the telescope? | Southern | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nOn leaving the University of Oxford, in 1676, Edmond Halley visited Saint Helena and set up an astronomical observatory with a 7.3-metre-long (24 ft) aerial telescope with the intention of studying stars from the Southern Hemisphere. The site of this telescope is near Saint Mathew's Church in Hutt'... |
56e03502231d4119001abfbf | Saint Helena was an important port of which company? | East India Company | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nThroughout this period, Saint Helena was an important port of call of the East India Company. East Indiamen would stop there on the return leg of their voyages to British India and China. At Saint Helena ships could replenish supplies of water and provisions, and during war time, form convoys that ... |
56e03502231d4119001abfc0 | What did ships replenish at Saint Helena? | water and provisions | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nThroughout this period, Saint Helena was an important port of call of the East India Company. East Indiamen would stop there on the return leg of their voyages to British India and China. At Saint Helena ships could replenish supplies of water and provisions, and during war time, form convoys that ... |
56e03502231d4119001abfc1 | What vessel was owned by Captain James? | HMS Endeavour | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nThroughout this period, Saint Helena was an important port of call of the East India Company. East Indiamen would stop there on the return leg of their voyages to British India and China. At Saint Helena ships could replenish supplies of water and provisions, and during war time, form convoys that ... |
56e03502231d4119001abfc2 | What vessel resupplied at the Island in May 1771? | HMS Endeavour | [
"Saint_Helena\n\nThroughout this period, Saint Helena was an important port of call of the East India Company. East Indiamen would stop there on the return leg of their voyages to British India and China. At Saint Helena ships could replenish supplies of water and provisions, and during war time, form convoys that ... |
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