id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
56e1784ee3433e1400422f69 | Where do you look for the pronunciation of different dialects? | section pronunciation | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCentral Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language. The descriptions below are mostly for this variety. For the differences in pronunciation of the different dialects, see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article."
] |
56e17976e3433e1400422f6e | Where does Catalan get its vowel system? | Vulgar Latin | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the ... |
56e17976e3433e1400422f6f | How many stressed phenoms are there? | seven | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the ... |
56e17976e3433e1400422f70 | Where is this a common feature? | Western Romance | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the ... |
56e17976e3433e1400422f71 | What is the exception to this common characteristic? | Spanish | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the ... |
56e17976e3433e1400422f72 | What differs in vowel reduction? | Dialects | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the ... |
56e17b08cd28a01900c679ab | How many reduced unstressed are vowels are there in Central Catalan? | three | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Central Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. The other dialects have different vowel reduction processes (see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article)."
] |
56e17b08cd28a01900c679ac | What vowel stays distinct? | /i/ | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Central Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. The other dialects have different vowel reduction processes (see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article)."
] |
56e17b08cd28a01900c679ad | What kind of vowel processes do other dialects have? | different | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Central Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. The other dialects have different vowel reduction processes (see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article)."
] |
56e17b08cd28a01900c679af | Where do you find dialectic vowel reductions? | section pronunciation | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Central Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. The other dialects have different vowel reduction processes (see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article)."
] |
56e17f5de3433e1400422f8c | What field studies the placement of Catalan in the world? | Catalan sociolinguistics | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyse the relation between the Catalan language, the speakers and the ... |
56e17f5de3433e1400422f8d | What is the study of the differenet varieties of Catalan? | Catalan sociolinguistics | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyse the relation between the Catalan language, the speakers and the ... |
56e17f5de3433e1400422f8e | What is this a subdiscipline of? | Catalan philology | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyse the relation between the Catalan language, the speakers and the ... |
56e17f5de3433e1400422f8f | What does it want to do with the language, the speakers, and reality? | analyse the relation | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyse the relation between the Catalan language, the speakers and the ... |
56e17f5de3433e1400422f90 | What outside affects does this study include? | other languages in contact | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan sociolinguistics studies the situation of Catalan in the world and the different varieties that this language presents. It is a subdiscipline of Catalan philology and other affine studies and has as an objective to analyse the relation between the Catalan language, the speakers and the ... |
56e180f5e3433e1400422f96 | What do the dialects of Catalan feature? | uniformity | [
"Catalan_language\n\nThe dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Mutual intelligibility between dialects is very high, estimates ranging from 90% to 95%. The only e... |
56e180f5e3433e1400422f97 | In comparison to what are the dialects uniform? | other Romance languages | [
"Catalan_language\n\nThe dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Mutual intelligibility between dialects is very high, estimates ranging from 90% to 95%. The only e... |
56e180f5e3433e1400422f98 | What is high among dialects? | intelligibility | [
"Catalan_language\n\nThe dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Mutual intelligibility between dialects is very high, estimates ranging from 90% to 95%. The only e... |
56e180f5e3433e1400422f99 | What is the percentage of intelligibility between dialects? | 90% to 95% | [
"Catalan_language\n\nThe dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Mutual intelligibility between dialects is very high, estimates ranging from 90% to 95%. The only e... |
56e180f5e3433e1400422f9a | What dialect is the exception to intelligibility? | Alguerese | [
"Catalan_language\n\nThe dialects of the Catalan language feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both in terms of vocabulary, semantics, syntax, morphology, and phonology. Mutual intelligibility between dialects is very high, estimates ranging from 90% to 95%. The only e... |
56e18710cd28a01900c679b7 | What is the major difference between the two blocks? | treatment of unstressed a and e | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects. There are a few other differences in... |
56e18710cd28a01900c679b8 | How are a and e in western dialects? | distinct | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects. There are a few other differences in... |
56e18710cd28a01900c679b9 | What have a and e done in eastern dialects? | merged | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects. There are a few other differences in... |
56e188e4cd28a01900c679bf | What two dialects does Western Catalan include? | Northwestern Catalan and Valencian | [
"Catalan_language\n\nWestern Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects."
] |
56e188e4cd28a01900c679c0 | How many dialects are in the eastern group? | four | [
"Catalan_language\n\nWestern Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects."
] |
56e188e4cd28a01900c679c1 | To what division does Central Catalan belong? | Eastern block | [
"Catalan_language\n\nWestern Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects."
] |
56e188e4cd28a01900c679c2 | What other divisions can be made of dialects? | subdialects | [
"Catalan_language\n\nWestern Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects."
] |
56e188e4cd28a01900c679c3 | What block does Northwestern Catalan and Valencian belong to? | Western Catalan | [
"Catalan_language\n\nWestern Catalan comprises the two dialects of Northwestern Catalan and Valencian; the Eastern block comprises four dialects: Central Catalan, Balearic, Rossellonese, and Alguerese. Each dialect can be further subdivided in several subdialects."
] |
56e18a90e3433e1400422faa | What comprises the standard pronunciation of Catalan? | Central Catalan | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCentral Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language and has the highest number of speakers. It is spoken in the densely populated regions of the Barcelona province, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona, and most of the province of Girona."
] |
56e18a90e3433e1400422fab | Where are the most speakers found? | Central Catalan | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCentral Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language and has the highest number of speakers. It is spoken in the densely populated regions of the Barcelona province, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona, and most of the province of Girona."
] |
56e18a90e3433e1400422fac | In what densely populated area is it spoken? | Barcelona province | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCentral Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language and has the highest number of speakers. It is spoken in the densely populated regions of the Barcelona province, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona, and most of the province of Girona."
] |
56e18a90e3433e1400422fae | What part of the province of Tarragona is Central Catalan spoken? | eastern half | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCentral Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language and has the highest number of speakers. It is spoken in the densely populated regions of the Barcelona province, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona, and most of the province of Girona."
] |
56e18bfbe3433e1400422fb4 | What is the vowel system of Catalan? | Vulgar Latin | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the ... |
56e18bfbe3433e1400422fb5 | How many stressed phonemes are there in Catalan? | seven | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the ... |
56e18bfbe3433e1400422fb6 | Where is this system common? | Western Romance | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the ... |
56e18bfbe3433e1400422fb7 | What language is the exception? | Spanish | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the ... |
56e18bfbe3433e1400422fb8 | What language form differs in the amount of vowel reduction? | Dialects | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCatalan has inherited the typical vowel system of Vulgar Latin, with seven stressed phonemes: /a ɛ e i ɔ o u/, a common feature in Western Romance, except Spanish. Balearic has also instances of stressed /ə/. Dialects differ in the different degrees of vowel reduction, and the incidence of the ... |
56e18e18cd28a01900c679c9 | Where do unstressed vowels reduce to three? | Eastern Catalan | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]."
] |
56e18e18cd28a01900c679ca | What is the exception to this reduction? | Majorcan | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]."
] |
56e18e18cd28a01900c679cb | Which vowel remains distinct? | /i/ | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a]."
] |
56e19028e3433e1400422fbe | In what language do unstressed vowels reduce to four? | Majorcan | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan."
] |
56e19028e3433e1400422fbf | What reduction pattern do some vowels follow? | Eastern Catalan | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan."
] |
56e19028e3433e1400422fc0 | What other pattern do other vowels follow? | Western Catalan | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan."
] |
56e19028e3433e1400422fc1 | What letter remains distinct? | /u/ | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan."
] |
56e19028e3433e1400422fc2 | /u/ remaining distinct is like what form of Catalan? | Western Catalan | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan."
] |
56e19227cd28a01900c679d1 | What do unstressed vowels reduce to in Western Catalan? | five | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases."
] |
56e19227cd28a01900c679d2 | Which letters remain distinct? | /a u i/ | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases."
] |
56e19227cd28a01900c679d3 | Where did this pattern come from? | Proto-Romance | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases."
] |
56e19227cd28a01900c679d4 | In what other languages is this pattern found? | Italian and Portuguese | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases."
] |
56e19227cd28a01900c679d5 | What do other Western dialects sometimes offer? | further reduction | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases."
] |
56e19514e3433e1400422fe7 | What form has the same /e/ as Central and Western? | Balearic | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCentral, Western, and Balearic differ in the lexical incidence of stressed /e/ and /ɛ/. Usually, words with /ɛ/ in Central Catalan correspond to /ə/ in Balearic and /e/ in Western Catalan. Words with /e/ in Balearic almost always have /e/ in Central and Western Catalan as well.[vague] As a resu... |
56e19514e3433e1400422fe8 | What vowel does Central have a larger occurrence of? | /e/ | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCentral, Western, and Balearic differ in the lexical incidence of stressed /e/ and /ɛ/. Usually, words with /ɛ/ in Central Catalan correspond to /ə/ in Balearic and /e/ in Western Catalan. Words with /e/ in Balearic almost always have /e/ in Central and Western Catalan as well.[vague] As a resu... |
56e19514e3433e1400422fe9 | What is the result of /e/ being the same in Central, Western and Belearic? | higher incidence | [
"Catalan_language\n\nCentral, Western, and Balearic differ in the lexical incidence of stressed /e/ and /ɛ/. Usually, words with /ɛ/ in Central Catalan correspond to /ə/ in Balearic and /e/ in Western Catalan. Words with /e/ in Balearic almost always have /e/ in Central and Western Catalan as well.[vague] As a resu... |
56e197efcd28a01900c67a0b | What language is parle or tem ? | Valencian | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -e (∅ in verbs of the 2nd and 3rd conjugation), or -o.\nE.g. parle, tem, sent (Valencian); parlo, temo, sento (Northwestern). In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -o, -i or ∅ in all conjugations.\nE.g. parlo (Central), parl (B... |
56e197efcd28a01900c67a0c | What language is parlo or temo ? | Northwestern | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -e (∅ in verbs of the 2nd and 3rd conjugation), or -o.\nE.g. parle, tem, sent (Valencian); parlo, temo, sento (Northwestern). In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -o, -i or ∅ in all conjugations.\nE.g. parlo (Central), parl (B... |
56e197efcd28a01900c67a0d | What language is parl? | Balearic | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -e (∅ in verbs of the 2nd and 3rd conjugation), or -o.\nE.g. parle, tem, sent (Valencian); parlo, temo, sento (Northwestern). In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -o, -i or ∅ in all conjugations.\nE.g. parlo (Central), parl (B... |
56e197efcd28a01900c67a0e | What language form is parli? | Northern | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -e (∅ in verbs of the 2nd and 3rd conjugation), or -o.\nE.g. parle, tem, sent (Valencian); parlo, temo, sento (Northwestern). In verbs, 1st person present indicative desinence is -o, -i or ∅ in all conjugations.\nE.g. parlo (Central), parl (B... |
56e19a3ee3433e1400422ff6 | Where do you find medieval plurals? | nouns and adjectives | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn nouns and adjectives, maintenance of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.\nE.g. hòmens 'men', jóvens 'youth'. In nouns and adjectives, loss of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.\nE.g. homes 'men', joves 'youth'."
] |
56e19a3ee3433e1400422ff7 | What letter is lost in some words? | /n/ | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn nouns and adjectives, maintenance of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.\nE.g. hòmens 'men', jóvens 'youth'. In nouns and adjectives, loss of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.\nE.g. homes 'men', joves 'youth'."
] |
56e19a3ee3433e1400422ff8 | When homens loses /n/, it becomes what word? | homes | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn nouns and adjectives, maintenance of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.\nE.g. hòmens 'men', jóvens 'youth'. In nouns and adjectives, loss of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.\nE.g. homes 'men', joves 'youth'."
] |
56e19a3ee3433e1400422ff9 | The medieval jovens becomes what what word? | joves | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn nouns and adjectives, maintenance of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.\nE.g. hòmens 'men', jóvens 'youth'. In nouns and adjectives, loss of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.\nE.g. homes 'men', joves 'youth'."
] |
56e19a3ee3433e1400422ffa | What kind of plural words lose /n/? | proparoxytone | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn nouns and adjectives, maintenance of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.\nE.g. hòmens 'men', jóvens 'youth'. In nouns and adjectives, loss of /n/ of medieval plurals in proparoxytone words.\nE.g. homes 'men', joves 'youth'."
] |
56e19be4e3433e1400423016 | What do the two blocks of Catalan display differences in? | word choices | [
"Catalan_language\n\nDespite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an innovative element."
] |
56e19be4e3433e1400423017 | How can you explain differences in the language groups? | as an archaism | [
"Catalan_language\n\nDespite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an innovative element."
] |
56e19be4e3433e1400423018 | What form is innovative? | Central Catalan | [
"Catalan_language\n\nDespite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an innovative element."
] |
56e19be4e3433e1400423019 | What are the two blocks of Catalan? | Eastern and Western | [
"Catalan_language\n\nDespite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an innovative element."
] |
56e19be4e3433e140042301a | What does an archaism explain? | lexical divergence | [
"Catalan_language\n\nDespite its relative lexical unity, the two dialectal blocks of Catalan (Eastern and Western) show some differences in word choices. Any lexical divergence within any of the two groups can be explained as an archaism. Also, usually Central Catalan acts as an innovative element."
] |
56e19df2e3433e1400423034 | What is Standard based on? | Eastern Catalan | [
"Catalan_language\n\nStandard Catalan, virtually accepted by all speakers, is mostly based on Eastern Catalan, which is the most widely used dialect. Nevertheless, the standards of Valencia and the Balearics admit alternative forms, mostly traditional ones, which are not current in eastern Catalonia."
] |
56e19df2e3433e1400423035 | What form is excepted by most speakers? | Standard Catalan | [
"Catalan_language\n\nStandard Catalan, virtually accepted by all speakers, is mostly based on Eastern Catalan, which is the most widely used dialect. Nevertheless, the standards of Valencia and the Balearics admit alternative forms, mostly traditional ones, which are not current in eastern Catalonia."
] |
56e19df2e3433e1400423037 | What language forms are not now used in eastern Catalonia? | traditional ones | [
"Catalan_language\n\nStandard Catalan, virtually accepted by all speakers, is mostly based on Eastern Catalan, which is the most widely used dialect. Nevertheless, the standards of Valencia and the Balearics admit alternative forms, mostly traditional ones, which are not current in eastern Catalonia."
] |
56e1a1e0e3433e1400423044 | What is jo compro changed to ? | jo compre | [
"Catalan_language\n\nThe most notable difference between both standards is some tonic ⟨e⟩ accentuation, for instance: francès, anglès (IEC) – francés, anglés (AVL). Nevertheless, AVL's standard keeps the grave accent ⟨è⟩, without pronouncing this ⟨e⟩ as /ɛ/, in some words like: què ('what'), or València. Other dive... |
56e1a1e0e3433e1400423045 | What common Valencian forms are used? | many verbal forms | [
"Catalan_language\n\nThe most notable difference between both standards is some tonic ⟨e⟩ accentuation, for instance: francès, anglès (IEC) – francés, anglés (AVL). Nevertheless, AVL's standard keeps the grave accent ⟨è⟩, without pronouncing this ⟨e⟩ as /ɛ/, in some words like: què ('what'), or València. Other dive... |
56e1a1e0e3433e1400423046 | What forms are also common in the rest of Western Catalan? | verbal forms | [
"Catalan_language\n\nThe most notable difference between both standards is some tonic ⟨e⟩ accentuation, for instance: francès, anglès (IEC) – francés, anglés (AVL). Nevertheless, AVL's standard keeps the grave accent ⟨è⟩, without pronouncing this ⟨e⟩ as /ɛ/, in some words like: què ('what'), or València. Other dive... |
56e1a3cbe3433e1400423066 | Where is IEC's standard used? | the Balearic Islands | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn the Balearic Islands, IEC's standard is used but adapted for the Balearic dialect by the University of the Balearic Islands's philological section. In this way, for instance, IEC says it is correct writing cantam as much as cantem ('we sing') but the University says that the priority form in... |
56e1a3cbe3433e1400423067 | How is the standard used there? | adapted for the Balearic dialect | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn the Balearic Islands, IEC's standard is used but adapted for the Balearic dialect by the University of the Balearic Islands's philological section. In this way, for instance, IEC says it is correct writing cantam as much as cantem ('we sing') but the University says that the priority form in... |
56e1a3cbe3433e1400423069 | What is a first person singular feature of the Balearic standard? | non-ending | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn the Balearic Islands, IEC's standard is used but adapted for the Balearic dialect by the University of the Balearic Islands's philological section. In this way, for instance, IEC says it is correct writing cantam as much as cantem ('we sing') but the University says that the priority form in... |
56e1b264e3433e14004230a6 | Where has the IEC adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect? | Alghero | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Alghero, the IEC has adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect. In this standard one can find, among other features: the definite article lo instead of el, special possessive pronouns and determinants la mia ('mine'), lo sou/la sua ('his/her'), lo tou/la tua ('yours'), and so on, the use... |
56e1b264e3433e14004230a7 | What definite article is found rather than el? | lo | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Alghero, the IEC has adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect. In this standard one can find, among other features: the definite article lo instead of el, special possessive pronouns and determinants la mia ('mine'), lo sou/la sua ('his/her'), lo tou/la tua ('yours'), and so on, the use... |
56e1b264e3433e14004230a8 | What is -v- used for? | imperfect tense | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Alghero, the IEC has adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect. In this standard one can find, among other features: the definite article lo instead of el, special possessive pronouns and determinants la mia ('mine'), lo sou/la sua ('his/her'), lo tou/la tua ('yours'), and so on, the use... |
56e1b264e3433e14004230a9 | What dialect employs many archaic words? | Alguerese | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Alghero, the IEC has adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect. In this standard one can find, among other features: the definite article lo instead of el, special possessive pronouns and determinants la mia ('mine'), lo sou/la sua ('his/her'), lo tou/la tua ('yours'), and so on, the use... |
56e1b264e3433e14004230aa | What type of pronouns has Alguerese adapted? | weak pronouns | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn Alghero, the IEC has adapted its standard to the Alguerese dialect. In this standard one can find, among other features: the definite article lo instead of el, special possessive pronouns and determinants la mia ('mine'), lo sou/la sua ('his/her'), lo tou/la tua ('yours'), and so on, the use... |
56e1b4decd28a01900c67a8e | Where is the Catalan speaking part of Aragon? | La Franja | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn 2011, the Aragonese government passed a decree for the establishment of a new language regulator of Catalan in La Franja (the so-called Catalan-speaking areas of Aragon). The new entity, designated as Acadèmia Aragonesa del Català, shall allow a facultative education in Catalan and a standar... |
56e1b4decd28a01900c67a8f | When did the government of Aragon degree the establishment of a language regulator? | 2011 | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn 2011, the Aragonese government passed a decree for the establishment of a new language regulator of Catalan in La Franja (the so-called Catalan-speaking areas of Aragon). The new entity, designated as Acadèmia Aragonesa del Català, shall allow a facultative education in Catalan and a standar... |
56e1b4decd28a01900c67a91 | What language is the regulator meant to standardize? | Catalan | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn 2011, the Aragonese government passed a decree for the establishment of a new language regulator of Catalan in La Franja (the so-called Catalan-speaking areas of Aragon). The new entity, designated as Acadèmia Aragonesa del Català, shall allow a facultative education in Catalan and a standar... |
56e1b4decd28a01900c67a92 | Where is the language to be regulated located? | La Franja | [
"Catalan_language\n\nIn 2011, the Aragonese government passed a decree for the establishment of a new language regulator of Catalan in La Franja (the so-called Catalan-speaking areas of Aragon). The new entity, designated as Acadèmia Aragonesa del Català, shall allow a facultative education in Catalan and a standar... |
56e1b738cd28a01900c67aac | How is Valencian classified? | Western dialect | [
"Catalan_language\n\nValencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to 95%)"
] |
56e1b738cd28a01900c67aad | What kind of Valencan is spoken in Western Catalonia? | northwestern varieties | [
"Catalan_language\n\nValencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to 95%)"
] |
56e1b738cd28a01900c67aae | Where are the provinces of Lleida and Tarragona? | Western Catalonia | [
"Catalan_language\n\nValencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to 95%)"
] |
56e1b738cd28a01900c67aaf | What forms are mutually intelligible? | Catalan and Valencian | [
"Catalan_language\n\nValencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to 95%)"
] |
56e1b738cd28a01900c67ab0 | What is the percentage of intelligibility between Catalan and Valencian? | 90% to 95% | [
"Catalan_language\n\nValencian is classified as a Western dialect, along with the northwestern varieties spoken in Western Catalonia (provinces of Lleida and the western half of Tarragona). The various forms of Catalan and Valencian are mutually intelligible (ranging from 90% to 95%)"
] |
56e1b97fcd28a01900c67ad6 | How do linguists view Catalan and Valencian? | as the same language | [
"Catalan_language\n\nLinguists, including Valencian scholars, deal with Catalan and Valencian as the same language. The official regulating body of the language of the Valencian Community, the Valencian Academy of Language (Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, AVL) declares the linguistic unity between Valencian and ... |
56e1b97fcd28a01900c67ad7 | How do Valencian scholars view Catalan and Valencian? | as the same language | [
"Catalan_language\n\nLinguists, including Valencian scholars, deal with Catalan and Valencian as the same language. The official regulating body of the language of the Valencian Community, the Valencian Academy of Language (Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, AVL) declares the linguistic unity between Valencian and ... |
56e1b97fcd28a01900c67ad8 | What is the official regulating body of Valencian? | the Valencian Academy of Language | [
"Catalan_language\n\nLinguists, including Valencian scholars, deal with Catalan and Valencian as the same language. The official regulating body of the language of the Valencian Community, the Valencian Academy of Language (Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, AVL) declares the linguistic unity between Valencian and ... |
56e1b97fcd28a01900c67ad9 | Who says that there is linguistic unity between Catalan and Valencian? | Valencian Academy of Language | [
"Catalan_language\n\nLinguists, including Valencian scholars, deal with Catalan and Valencian as the same language. The official regulating body of the language of the Valencian Community, the Valencian Academy of Language (Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, AVL) declares the linguistic unity between Valencian and ... |
56e1bb90e3433e14004230fa | Who established the AVL? | Valencian parliament | [
"Catalan_language\n\nThe AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castelló (Normes de Castelló). Currently, everyone who writes in Valencian uses this standard, except the Royal Academy of Valenci... |
56e1bb90e3433e14004230fb | Over what does the AVL make rules governing? | use of Valencian | [
"Catalan_language\n\nThe AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castelló (Normes de Castelló). Currently, everyone who writes in Valencian uses this standard, except the Royal Academy of Valenci... |
56e1bb90e3433e14004230fc | What is the AVL standard based on? | Norms of Castelló | [
"Catalan_language\n\nThe AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castelló (Normes de Castelló). Currently, everyone who writes in Valencian uses this standard, except the Royal Academy of Valenci... |
56e1bb90e3433e14004230fd | Who uses this standard? | everyone who writes | [
"Catalan_language\n\nThe AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castelló (Normes de Castelló). Currently, everyone who writes in Valencian uses this standard, except the Royal Academy of Valenci... |
56e1bb90e3433e14004230fe | Who is exempt from the standard and uses their own? | Royal Academy of Valencian Culture | [
"Catalan_language\n\nThe AVL, created by the Valencian parliament, is in charge of dictating the official rules governing the use of Valencian, and its standard is based on the Norms of Castelló (Normes de Castelló). Currently, everyone who writes in Valencian uses this standard, except the Royal Academy of Valenci... |
56e1be2acd28a01900c67b0e | What do most Valencian people think Valencian is in regards to Catalan? | different | [
"Catalan_language\n\nDespite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicat... |
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