Split (2)

train · 86.8k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	question stringlengths 1 270	answer stringlengths 1 239	documents listlengths 1 1
56cff6f3234ae51400d9c191	According to J. Barrie Jones who was the only true successor to Chopin?	Karol Szymanowski	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nPolish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his \"one worthy successor\" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei...
56cff6f3234ae51400d9c192	Many people were considered influenced by Chopin's what?	national modes and idioms	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nPolish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his \"one worthy successor\" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei...
56cff6f3234ae51400d9c193	Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher?	Nikolai Zverev	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nPolish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his \"one worthy successor\" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei...
56d3a9282ccc5a1400d82dc8	Who was Chopin's worthy successor according to Jones?	Karol Szymanowski	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nPolish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his \"one worthy successor\" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei...
56d3a9282ccc5a1400d82dc9	Who was devoted to the music of Chopin?	Alexander Scriabin	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nPolish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his \"one worthy successor\" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei...
56d3a9282ccc5a1400d82dca	Who was Alexander Scriabin's teacher?	Nikolai Zverev	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nPolish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his \"one worthy successor\" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei...
56cff817234ae51400d9c1a3	Who wrote that the current large concert style conflicts with Chopin's preference of intimate performances?	Jonathan Bellman	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nJonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the \"conservatory\" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself s...
56cff817234ae51400d9c1a4	What did Chopin tend to avoid?	rigid procedures	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nJonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the \"conservatory\" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself s...
56cff817234ae51400d9c1a5	What has been falsely credited to Chopin?	"always crescendo to a high note"	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nJonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the \"conservatory\" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself s...
56d3a1e959d6e41400146841	What did Chopin tell a student is given up in concerts?	hearing in them all the most beautiful things of art	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nJonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the \"conservatory\" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself s...
56d3a1e959d6e41400146842	Who wrote about Chopin's "chromatic embroidery"?	Berlioz	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nJonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the \"conservatory\" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself s...
56d3a1e959d6e41400146843	Who wrote that Chopin's music, when played by him, became a "colorful wreath of flowers"?	Hiller	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nJonathan Bellman writes that modern concert performance style—set in the \"conservatory\" tradition of late 19th- and 20th-century music schools, and suitable for large auditoria or recordings—militates against what is known of Chopin's more intimate performance technique. The composer himself s...
56cff885234ae51400d9c1b3	Chopin's compositions are often played with what?	rubato	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nChopin's music is frequently played with rubato, \"the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect\". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of rubato is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that \"most o...
56cff885234ae51400d9c1b4	What does rubato mean?	the practice in performance of disregarding strict time	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nChopin's music is frequently played with rubato, \"the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect\". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of rubato is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that \"most o...
56d3a2cd59d6e41400146849	In Chopin's music where strict timing is disregarded, what is it called?	rubato	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nChopin's music is frequently played with rubato, \"the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect\". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of rubato is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that \"most o...
56d3a2cd59d6e4140014684a	What type of Chopin's music had the most disregard for strict timing according to Charles Rosen?	mazurkas	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nChopin's music is frequently played with rubato, \"the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect\". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of rubato is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that \"most o...
56cff905234ae51400d9c1b7	According to who did Chopin demand strictly sticking with rhythm?	Friederike Müller	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nFriederike Müller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: \"[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano. He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this legato, cantabile style of playing. His most severe criticism was 'He—or she—does not know how to j...
56d3a32259d6e4140014684f	Which student said Chopin made sure his students knew his legato, cantabile style of playing?	Friederike Müller	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nFriederike Müller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: \"[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano. He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this legato, cantabile style of playing. His most severe criticism was 'He—or she—does not know how to j...
56d3a32259d6e41400146851	According to Friederike Müller, Chopin insisted his students have the strictest adherence to what?	rhythm.	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nFriederike Müller, a pupil of Chopin, wrote: \"[His] playing was always noble and beautiful; his tones sang, whether in full forte or softest piano. He took infinite pains to teach his pupils this legato, cantabile style of playing. His most severe criticism was 'He—or she—does not know how to j...
56cffa2a234ae51400d9c1cf	Chopin was noted as introducing music to what?	sense of nationalism	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nWith his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that \"Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after th...
56cffa2a234ae51400d9c1d0	What year did Schumann review Chopin's piano concertos?	1836	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nWith his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that \"Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after th...
56cffa2a234ae51400d9c1d1	In his review Schumann made note of Chopin's emotions for what?	Poland	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nWith his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that \"Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after th...
56cffa2a234ae51400d9c1d2	Why did Schumann say the Poles were in mourning?	the failure of the November 1830	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nWith his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that \"Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after th...
56cffa2a234ae51400d9c1d3	A biography on Chopin released under Franz Liszt's name was likely written by who?	Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nWith his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that \"Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after th...
56d3a3df59d6e4140014685f	Chopin was able to bring about a new sense of nationalism with his music because of his mazurkas and what?	polonaises	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nWith his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that \"Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after th...
56d3a3df59d6e41400146860	Who wrote a glowing review of Chopin's love for his country through his music in 1836?	Schumann	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nWith his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that \"Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after th...
56d3a3df59d6e41400146861	Schumann described Chopin's music as cannons buried in what?	flowers	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nWith his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that \"Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after th...
56d3a3df59d6e41400146862	Though Franz Liszt is credited with Chopin's 1863 biography, who probably actually wrote it?	Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nWith his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that \"Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after th...
56cffb2b234ae51400d9c1e1	Who said that Chopin's familiarity with Polish music was more "urbanised" than true folk music?	Barbara Milewski	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nSome modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a \"nationalist\" or \"patriotic\" composer. George Golos refers to earlier \"nationalist\" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazur...
56cffb2b234ae51400d9c1e2	George Golos references what two musicians when claiming Chopin's nationalism was overrated?	Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nSome modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a \"nationalist\" or \"patriotic\" composer. George Golos refers to earlier \"nationalist\" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazur...
56d3a46a59d6e41400146869	Who said Chopin's works were modeled after Bach, Beethoven, Schubert and Field?	Richard Taruskin	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nSome modern commentators have argued against exaggerating Chopin's primacy as a \"nationalist\" or \"patriotic\" composer. George Golos refers to earlier \"nationalist\" composers in Central Europe, including Poland's Michał Kleofas Ogiński and Franciszek Lessel, who utilised polonaise and mazur...
56cffba5234ae51400d9c1f1	William Atwood suggested that Chopin's music wasn't purposely patriotic but what?	intuitive	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nA reconciliation of these views is suggested by William Atwood: \"Undoubtedly [Chopin's] use of traditional musical forms like the polonaise and mazurka roused nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness amongst those Poles scattered across Europe and the New World ... While some sought...
56d3a51459d6e41400146877	A modern commentator, William Atwood, feels Poles not only sought solace in Chopin's music but also found them a source of strength as they continued to fight for what?	freedom	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nA reconciliation of these views is suggested by William Atwood: \"Undoubtedly [Chopin's] use of traditional musical forms like the polonaise and mazurka roused nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness amongst those Poles scattered across Europe and the New World ... While some sought...
56d3a51459d6e41400146878	Where were Poles scattered to?	Europe and the New World	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nA reconciliation of these views is suggested by William Atwood: \"Undoubtedly [Chopin's] use of traditional musical forms like the polonaise and mazurka roused nationalistic sentiments and a sense of cohesiveness amongst those Poles scattered across Europe and the New World ... While some sought...
56cffc2b234ae51400d9c1ff	Arthur Hutchings stated that Chopin's lack of what made him special?	Byronic flamboyance	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nJones comments that \"Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned.\" He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—\"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to pri...
56cffc2b234ae51400d9c200	Who were two of Chopin's contemporaries?	Liszt and Henri Herz	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nJones comments that \"Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned.\" He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—\"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to pri...
56d3a65259d6e41400146888	What place was considered lucky for Chopin to have arrived at considering how much he charged for piano lessons?	Paris	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nJones comments that \"Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned.\" He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—\"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to pri...
56d3a65259d6e4140014688a	Who said Chopin was unlike his romantic contemporaries Liszt and Henri Herz?	Arthur Hutchings	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nJones comments that \"Chopin's unique position as a composer, despite the fact that virtually everything he wrote was for the piano, has rarely been questioned.\" He also notes that Chopin was fortunate to arrive in Paris in 1831—\"the artistic environment, the publishers who were willing to pri...
56cffcf3234ae51400d9c20d	In what suite did Schumann name a work for Chopin?	Carnaval	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nChopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt ...
56cffcf3234ae51400d9c20e	What piece of Chopin's work was dedicated to Schumann?	Ballade No. 2 in F major	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nChopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt ...
56cffcf3234ae51400d9c20f	How many of Chopin's Polish songs did Liszt transliterate for piano?	six	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nChopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt ...
56cffcf3234ae51400d9c210	With who did Chopin feel comfortable speaking of folk music with?	Alkan	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nChopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt ...
56d3a74159d6e414001468a1	What was recognized about Chopin from his musical peers?	qualities as a pianist and composer	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nChopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt ...
56d3a74159d6e414001468a2	What Schumann suite contained the name of a piece Schumann named for Chopin?	Carnaval	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nChopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt ...
56d3a74159d6e414001468a3	What piece did Chopin dedicate to Schumann?	Ballade No. 2 in F major	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nChopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt ...
56d3a74159d6e414001468a4	What other musician shows to have elements of Chopin in his work?	Liszt	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nChopin's qualities as a pianist and composer were recognized by many of his fellow musicians. Schumann named a piece for him in his suite Carnaval, and Chopin later dedicated his Ballade No. 2 in F major to Schumann. Elements of Chopin's music can be traced in many of Liszt's later works. Liszt ...
56cffdaa234ae51400d9c226	Who dedicated his 1915 piano Études to Chopin?	Debussy	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nTwo of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by C...
56cffdaa234ae51400d9c227	For what publisher to Debussy edit Chopin's music for?	Jacques Durand	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nTwo of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by C...
56d3a85259d6e414001468aa	Who was a student of Chopin's former students and actually recorded some Chopin music?	Raoul Koczalski	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nTwo of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by C...
56d3a85259d6e414001468ac	What music did Debussy play a lot at the Paris Conservatoire?	Chopin's	[ "Frédéric_Chopin\n\nTwo of Chopin's long-standing pupils, Karol Mikuli (1821–1897) and Georges Mathias, were themselves piano teachers and passed on details of his playing to their own students, some of whom (such as Raoul Koczalski) were to make recordings of his music. Other pianists and composers influenced by C...
56cc239e6d243a140015eeb7	Who were Wang Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain?	Mainland Chinese scholars	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nThe exact nature of relations between Tibet and the Ming dynasty of China (1368–1644) is unclear. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exi...
56cc27346d243a140015eeba	What important trade did the Ming Dynasty have with Tibet?	horse trade	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming...
56cc27346d243a140015eebb	During what years did the Mongol leader Kublai Khan rule?	1402–1424	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming...
56cc27346d243a140015eebc	Who did the Yongle Emperor try to build a religious alliance with?	Deshin Shekpa	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming...
56cc27346d243a140015eebd	Deshin Shekpa was the head of what school?	the Karma Kagyu school	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming...
56cc27346d243a140015eebe	The Tibetan leaders had a diplomacy with what neighboring state?	Nepal	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming...
56cc306b6d243a140015eec5	What did the Tibetans use against Ming forays?	armed resistance	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Ti...
56cc306b6d243a140015eec6	Who were the armed protectors for the Gelug Dalai Lama?	the Mongols	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Ti...
56cc306b6d243a140015eec7	Which regime did Güshi Khan help establish?	the Ganden Phodrang	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Ti...
56cc306b6d243a140015eec8	When was the Mongol-Tibetan alliance started?	1578	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century, but did not garrison permanent troops there. At times the Tibetans also used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620) made attempts to reestablish Sino-Ti...
56cc36926d243a140015eece	In what century did the Tibetan Empire fall?	the 9th century	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nTibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, cu...
56cc36926d243a140015eecf	Who signed multiple peace treaties with the Tang?	The Yarlung rulers of Tibet	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nTibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, cu...
56cc36926d243a140015eed0	What did one of the treaties between the Tang and Tibet help fix?	the borders between Tibet and China	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nTibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, cu...
56cc36926d243a140015eed1	Who was the Tangs biggest rival?	Tibet	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nTibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, cu...
56cc36926d243a140015eed2	What year did Tang and Tibet sign a treaty to fix the borders?	821	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nTibet was once a strong power contemporaneous with Tang China (618–907). Until the Tibetan Empire's collapse in the 9th century, it was the Tang's major rival in dominating Inner Asia. The Yarlung rulers of Tibet also signed various peace treaties with the Tang, cu...
56cc3ad16d243a140015eed8	When did the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China take place?	907–960	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nDuring the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving ...
56cc3ad16d243a140015eed9	When did the Song dynasty take place?	960–1279	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nDuring the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving ...
56cc3ad16d243a140015eeda	What dynasty was concerned with countering northern enemy states?	Song dynasty	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nDuring the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving ...
56cc3ad16d243a140015eedb	Who ruled the Liao dynasty?	the Khitan	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nDuring the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving ...
56cc3ad16d243a140015eedc	Who ruled the Jin dynasty?	Jurchen	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nDuring the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China (907–960), while the fractured political realm of China saw no threat in a Tibet which was in just as much political disarray, there was little in the way of Sino-Tibetan relations. Few documents involving ...
56cc41416d243a140015eee2	Which ruler took Western Xia under their control?	Genghis Khan	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nIn 1207, the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1227) conquered and subjugated the ethnic Tangut state of the Western Xia (1038–1227). In the same year, he established diplomatic relations with Tibet by sending envoys there. The conquest of the Western Xia alarmed ...
56cc41416d243a140015eee4	Who was Genghis Khan's successor?	Ögedei Khan	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nIn 1207, the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1227) conquered and subjugated the ethnic Tangut state of the Western Xia (1038–1227). In the same year, he established diplomatic relations with Tibet by sending envoys there. The conquest of the Western Xia alarmed ...
56cc41416d243a140015eee5	What years did Ögedei Khan rule?	1229–1241	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nIn 1207, the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1227) conquered and subjugated the ethnic Tangut state of the Western Xia (1038–1227). In the same year, he established diplomatic relations with Tibet by sending envoys there. The conquest of the Western Xia alarmed ...
56cc41416d243a140015eee6	Who invaded Tibet?	Ögedei Khan	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nIn 1207, the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan (r. 1206–1227) conquered and subjugated the ethnic Tangut state of the Western Xia (1038–1227). In the same year, he established diplomatic relations with Tibet by sending envoys there. The conquest of the Western Xia alarmed ...
56cc44b76d243a140015eeec	Who was the Mongol prince?	Godan	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nThe Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya P...
56cc44b76d243a140015eeed	Who was the leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism?	Sakya Pandita	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nThe Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya P...
56cc44b76d243a140015eeee	Who was the regent of the Mongol Empire?	Töregene Khatun	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nThe Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya P...
56cc44b76d243a140015eeef	In what years was Töregene Khatun the regent of the Mongol Empire?	1241–1246	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nThe Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya P...
56cc50756d243a140015eef6	How many states were ruled by myriarchies?	thirteen	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nStarting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—r...
56cc50756d243a140015eef7	What title did prince Kublai rule as from 1260 to 1294?	Khagan	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nStarting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—r...
56cc50756d243a140015eef8	Who was the superior of prince Kublai?	Ögedei Khan	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nStarting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—r...
56cc50756d243a140015eef9	Who became the second Karmapa Lama?	Karma Pakshi	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nStarting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—r...
56cc50756d243a140015eefa	With whom did Kublai Khan have a unique relationship with?	the Phagpa lama	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nStarting in 1236, the Mongol prince Kublai, who later ruled as Khagan from 1260–1294, was granted a large appanage in North China by his superior, Ögedei Khan. Karma Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama (1203–1283)—the head lama of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism—r...
56cc52186d243a140015ef00	When did Kublai Khan conquer the song dynasty?	1279	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nKublai Khan did not conquer the Song dynasty in South China until 1279, so Tibet was a component of the early Mongol Empire before it was combined into one of its descendant empires with the whole of China under the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). Van Praag writes that t...
56cc52186d243a140015ef01	When did the Yuan dynasty rule?	1271–1368	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nKublai Khan did not conquer the Song dynasty in South China until 1279, so Tibet was a component of the early Mongol Empire before it was combined into one of its descendant empires with the whole of China under the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). Van Praag writes that t...
56cc52186d243a140015ef02	Which dynasty ruled all of china?	the Yuan dynasty	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nKublai Khan did not conquer the Song dynasty in South China until 1279, so Tibet was a component of the early Mongol Empire before it was combined into one of its descendant empires with the whole of China under the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). Van Praag writes that t...
56cc52186d243a140015ef03	What did Khubilai claim for a while?	universal rule	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nKublai Khan did not conquer the Song dynasty in South China until 1279, so Tibet was a component of the early Mongol Empire before it was combined into one of its descendant empires with the whole of China under the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). Van Praag writes that t...
56cc52186d243a140015ef04	Where did Khubilai seek support as Emperor?	China	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nKublai Khan did not conquer the Song dynasty in South China until 1279, so Tibet was a component of the early Mongol Empire before it was combined into one of its descendant empires with the whole of China under the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). Van Praag writes that t...
56cc59cd6d243a140015ef34	What year was the Sakya viceregal regime eradicated?	1358	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nIn 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyaltsen and his ...
56cc59cd6d243a140015ef35	Who placed the Sakya viceregal regime position of authority?	the Mongols in Tibet	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nIn 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyaltsen and his ...
56cc59cd6d243a140015ef36	Who eradicated the Sakya viceregal regime?	the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nIn 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyaltsen and his ...
56cc59cd6d243a140015ef37	Which dynasty became ruler of Tibet?	the Phagmodrupa Dynasty	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nIn 1358, the Sakya viceregal regime installed by the Mongols in Tibet was overthrown in a rebellion by the Phagmodru myriarch Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen (1302–1364). The Mongol Yuan court was forced to accept him as the new viceroy, and Changchub Gyaltsen and his ...
56cc5e026d243a140015ef3c	Who created the Ming Dynasty?	Zhu Yuanzhang	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nIn 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civi...
56cc5e026d243a140015ef3d	Who caused the Yuan dynasty to fall?	the Red Turban Rebellion	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nIn 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civi...
56cc5e026d243a140015ef3e	Who ruled as the the Hongwu Emperor?	Zhu Yuanzhang	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nIn 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civi...
56cc5e026d243a140015ef3f	What years did Zhu Yuanzhang rule as the Hongwu Emperor?	1368–1398	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nIn 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civi...
56cc5e026d243a140015ef40	Who did the Hongwu Emperor send convoys to?	Yuan officeholders	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nIn 1368, a Han Chinese revolt known as the Red Turban Rebellion toppled the Mongol Yuan dynasty in China. Zhu Yuanzhang then established the Ming dynasty, ruling as the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398). It is not clear how much the early Ming court understood the civi...
56cc5fd66d243a140015ef50	Who was the fourth Karmapa Lama?	Rolpe Dorje	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nAs evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as env...
56cc5fd66d243a140015ef52	Who rejected an invitation by the Hongwu Emperor?	Rolpe Dorje	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nAs evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as env...
56cc5fd66d243a140015ef53	What did the the Hongwu Emperor want to continue to promote?	the Buddhist link between Tibet and China	[ "Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty\n\nAs evident in his imperial edicts, the Hongwu Emperor was well aware of the Buddhist link between Tibet and China and wanted to foster it. Rolpe Dorje, 4th Karmapa Lama (1340–1383) rejected the Hongwu Emperor's invitation, although he did send some disciples as env...

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