id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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56f8fb439b226e1400dd1229 | Who were the 40th Pathans? | (troops of British India | [
"Near_East\n\nThe term \"Near and Middle East,\" held the stage for a few years before World War I. It proved to be less acceptable to a colonial point of view that saw the entire region as one. In 1916 Captain T.C. Fowle, 40th Pathans (troops of British India), wrote of a trip he had taken from Karachi to Syria ju... |
56f8fb439b226e1400dd122a | In the book Fowle wrote, what is the entire region considered? | "the Middle East. | [
"Near_East\n\nThe term \"Near and Middle East,\" held the stage for a few years before World War I. It proved to be less acceptable to a colonial point of view that saw the entire region as one. In 1916 Captain T.C. Fowle, 40th Pathans (troops of British India), wrote of a trip he had taken from Karachi to Syria ju... |
56f8fba19b226e1400dd1230 | What prevailed with the disgrace of "Near East"? | "Middle East" | [
"Near_East\n\nSubsequently with the disgrace of \"Near East\" in diplomatic and military circles, \"Middle East\" prevailed. However, \"Near East\" continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department. They are not generally considered distinct regions as they were at their orig... |
56f8fba19b226e1400dd1231 | What continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department? | Near East | [
"Near_East\n\nSubsequently with the disgrace of \"Near East\" in diplomatic and military circles, \"Middle East\" prevailed. However, \"Near East\" continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department. They are not generally considered distinct regions as they were at their orig... |
56f8fba19b226e1400dd1232 | What term was disgraced in diplomatic and military circles? | Near East | [
"Near_East\n\nSubsequently with the disgrace of \"Near East\" in diplomatic and military circles, \"Middle East\" prevailed. However, \"Near East\" continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department. They are not generally considered distinct regions as they were at their orig... |
56f8fc749e9bad19000a07a3 | What sentiment persists even though racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East are no longer ideologically sound? | sentiment of unity | [
"Near_East\n\nAlthough racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East are no longer considered ideologically sound, the sentiment of unity persists. For much, but by no means all, of the Middle East, the predominance of Islam lends some unity, as does the transient accident of geographical continuity. Otherwise... |
56f8fc749e9bad19000a07a4 | What definitions of the Middle East are no longer ideologically sound? | racial and colonial definitions | [
"Near_East\n\nAlthough racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East are no longer considered ideologically sound, the sentiment of unity persists. For much, but by no means all, of the Middle East, the predominance of Islam lends some unity, as does the transient accident of geographical continuity. Otherwise... |
56f8fc749e9bad19000a07a5 | What are racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East considered? | no longer considered ideologically sound | [
"Near_East\n\nAlthough racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East are no longer considered ideologically sound, the sentiment of unity persists. For much, but by no means all, of the Middle East, the predominance of Islam lends some unity, as does the transient accident of geographical continuity. Otherwise... |
56f8fdaa9b226e1400dd1236 | When were terms such as "Near East", "Far East", and "Middle East" relegated to the experts? | the 20th century | [
"Near_East\n\nIn the 20th century after decades of intense warfare and political turmoil terms such as \"Near East\", \"Far East\" and \"Middle East\" were relegated to the experts, especially in the new field of political science. The new wave of diplomats often came from those programs. Archaeology on the interna... |
56f8fdaa9b226e1400dd1237 | Where did the new wave of diplomats often come from? | the new field of political science | [
"Near_East\n\nIn the 20th century after decades of intense warfare and political turmoil terms such as \"Near East\", \"Far East\" and \"Middle East\" were relegated to the experts, especially in the new field of political science. The new wave of diplomats often came from those programs. Archaeology on the interna... |
56f8fdaa9b226e1400dd1238 | Where did archaeology on the international scene fall into? | the shadow of international relations | [
"Near_East\n\nIn the 20th century after decades of intense warfare and political turmoil terms such as \"Near East\", \"Far East\" and \"Middle East\" were relegated to the experts, especially in the new field of political science. The new wave of diplomats often came from those programs. Archaeology on the interna... |
56f8fdaa9b226e1400dd1239 | What replaced the fallen empires of the 19th century? | independent republics | [
"Near_East\n\nIn the 20th century after decades of intense warfare and political turmoil terms such as \"Near East\", \"Far East\" and \"Middle East\" were relegated to the experts, especially in the new field of political science. The new wave of diplomats often came from those programs. Archaeology on the interna... |
56f8fe559b226e1400dd123e | What is the chief remaining nation to assign official responsibilities to a region called the Near East? | The United States | [
"Near_East\n\nThe United States is the chief remaining nation to assign official responsibilities to a region called the Near East. Within the government the State Department has been most influential in promulgating the Near Eastern regional system. The countries of the former empires of the 19th century have in g... |
56f8fe559b226e1400dd123f | What has the state department been most influential in promulgating? | the Near Eastern regional system | [
"Near_East\n\nThe United States is the chief remaining nation to assign official responsibilities to a region called the Near East. Within the government the State Department has been most influential in promulgating the Near Eastern regional system. The countries of the former empires of the 19th century have in g... |
56f8fe559b226e1400dd1240 | Who has abandoned the term Near East? | The countries of the former empires of the 19th century | [
"Near_East\n\nThe United States is the chief remaining nation to assign official responsibilities to a region called the Near East. Within the government the State Department has been most influential in promulgating the Near Eastern regional system. The countries of the former empires of the 19th century have in g... |
56f8fedd9e9bad19000a07a9 | The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs is a division of what? | the United States Department of State | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, a division of the United States Department of State, is perhaps the most influential agency to still use the term Near East. Under the Secretary of State, it implements the official diplomacy of the United States, called also statecraft by Secretary Clinton. The nam... |
56f8fedd9e9bad19000a07aa | What is perhaps the most influential agency to still use the term Near East? | The Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, a division of the United States Department of State, is perhaps the most influential agency to still use the term Near East. Under the Secretary of State, it implements the official diplomacy of the United States, called also statecraft by Secretary Clinton. The nam... |
56f8fedd9e9bad19000a07ab | Secretary Clinton also calls the implementation of official diplomacy of the United States what? | statecraft | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs, a division of the United States Department of State, is perhaps the most influential agency to still use the term Near East. Under the Secretary of State, it implements the official diplomacy of the United States, called also statecraft by Secretary Clinton. The nam... |
56f8ff3d9b226e1400dd1244 | Who works closely with the definition of the Near East? | the Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies (NESA) | [
"Near_East\n\nWorking closely in conjunction with the definition of the Near East provided by the State Department is the Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies (NESA), an educational institution of the United States Department of Defense. It teaches courses and holds seminars and workshops for governmen... |
56f8ff3d9b226e1400dd1245 | What is NESA? | an educational institution of the United States Department of Defense | [
"Near_East\n\nWorking closely in conjunction with the definition of the Near East provided by the State Department is the Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies (NESA), an educational institution of the United States Department of Defense. It teaches courses and holds seminars and workshops for governmen... |
56f8ff3d9b226e1400dd1246 | What does NESA Teach? | It teaches courses and holds seminars and workshops | [
"Near_East\n\nWorking closely in conjunction with the definition of the Near East provided by the State Department is the Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies (NESA), an educational institution of the United States Department of Defense. It teaches courses and holds seminars and workshops for governmen... |
56f8ff969b226e1400dd124a | What is WINEP? | The Washington Institute for Near East Policy | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Departmen... |
56f8ff969b226e1400dd124b | What is WINEPS target countries as? | the Middle East | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Departmen... |
56f8ff969b226e1400dd124c | How does WINEP bundle the countries of Northwest Africa? | under "North Africa." | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) is a non-profit organization for research and advice on Middle Eastern policy. It regards its target countries as the Middle East but adopts the convention of calling them the Near East to be in conformance with the practices of the State Departmen... |
56f8ffed9b226e1400dd1250 | What does LoC stand for? | The Library of Congress | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Library of Congress (LoC) is an institution established by Congress to provide a research library for the government of the United States and serve as a national library. It is under the supervision of the United States Congress Joint Committee on the Library and the Librarian of Congress. The Nea... |
56f8ffed9b226e1400dd1251 | What is the Library of Congress? | an institution established by Congress to provide a research library for the government | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Library of Congress (LoC) is an institution established by Congress to provide a research library for the government of the United States and serve as a national library. It is under the supervision of the United States Congress Joint Committee on the Library and the Librarian of Congress. The Nea... |
56f8ffed9b226e1400dd1252 | The Library of Congress is under whose supervision? | the United States Congress Joint Committee on the Library | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Library of Congress (LoC) is an institution established by Congress to provide a research library for the government of the United States and serve as a national library. It is under the supervision of the United States Congress Joint Committee on the Library and the Librarian of Congress. The Nea... |
56f900f69e9bad19000a07af | Who formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations? | The United Nations | [
"Near_East\n\nThe United Nations formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations. But few of them include a Near East, and that poorly defined. UNICEF recognizes the \"Middle East and North Africa\" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes I... |
56f900f69e9bad19000a07b0 | Who recognizes the "Middle East and North Africa" region? | UNICEF | [
"Near_East\n\nThe United Nations formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations. But few of them include a Near East, and that poorly defined. UNICEF recognizes the \"Middle East and North Africa\" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes I... |
56f900f69e9bad19000a07b1 | The United Nations Statistics Division defines Western Asia to contain what? | the countries included elsewhere in the Middle East | [
"Near_East\n\nThe United Nations formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations. But few of them include a Near East, and that poorly defined. UNICEF recognizes the \"Middle East and North Africa\" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes I... |
56f900f69e9bad19000a07b2 | The Food and Agriculture Organization describes its entire theater of operations as what? | the Near East | [
"Near_East\n\nThe United Nations formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations. But few of them include a Near East, and that poorly defined. UNICEF recognizes the \"Middle East and North Africa\" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes I... |
56f901629e9bad19000a07b7 | What is a quasi-independent agency of the United States Government? | The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a quasi-independent agency of the United States Government. It appears to have multiple leadership. On the one hand its director is appointed by the president. It plays a significant role in providing the president with intelligence. On the other hand, Congress... |
56f901629e9bad19000a07b8 | The CIA appears to have what? | multiple leadership | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a quasi-independent agency of the United States Government. It appears to have multiple leadership. On the one hand its director is appointed by the president. It plays a significant role in providing the president with intelligence. On the other hand, Congress... |
56f901629e9bad19000a07b9 | Who appoints the director of the CIA? | the president | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a quasi-independent agency of the United States Government. It appears to have multiple leadership. On the one hand its director is appointed by the president. It plays a significant role in providing the president with intelligence. On the other hand, Congress... |
56f901629e9bad19000a07ba | Who oversees the operations of the CIA? | Congress | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a quasi-independent agency of the United States Government. It appears to have multiple leadership. On the one hand its director is appointed by the president. It plays a significant role in providing the president with intelligence. On the other hand, Congress... |
56f902439e9bad19000a07bf | The Near East of the NESA is the same as the Middle East define in what? | The World Factbook | [
"Near_East\n\nUnder these complex circumstances regional names are less useful. They are more historical than an accurate gauge of operations. The Directorate of Intelligence, one of four directorates into which the CIA is divided, includes the Office of Near Eastern and South Asian Analysis (NESA). Its duties are ... |
56f902439e9bad19000a07c0 | What does NESA stand for? | Near Eastern and South Asian Analysis | [
"Near_East\n\nUnder these complex circumstances regional names are less useful. They are more historical than an accurate gauge of operations. The Directorate of Intelligence, one of four directorates into which the CIA is divided, includes the Office of Near Eastern and South Asian Analysis (NESA). Its duties are ... |
56f902439e9bad19000a07c1 | Whose duties are defined as "support on Middle Eastern and North African countries?" | (NESA) | [
"Near_East\n\nUnder these complex circumstances regional names are less useful. They are more historical than an accurate gauge of operations. The Directorate of Intelligence, one of four directorates into which the CIA is divided, includes the Office of Near Eastern and South Asian Analysis (NESA). Its duties are ... |
56f902ac9e9bad19000a07c5 | What does USAID stand for? | U.S. Agency for International Development | [
"Near_East\n\nThe U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), an independent agency under the Department of State established in place of the Marshall Plan for the purpose of determining and distributing foreign aid, does not use the term Near East. Its definition of Middle East corresponds to that of the St... |
56f902ac9e9bad19000a07c6 | What is the independant agency under the Department of State for the purpose of determining and distributing foreign aid called? | USAID | [
"Near_East\n\nThe U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), an independent agency under the Department of State established in place of the Marshall Plan for the purpose of determining and distributing foreign aid, does not use the term Near East. Its definition of Middle East corresponds to that of the St... |
56f902ac9e9bad19000a07c7 | What term does USAID not use? | the term Near East | [
"Near_East\n\nThe U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), an independent agency under the Department of State established in place of the Marshall Plan for the purpose of determining and distributing foreign aid, does not use the term Near East. Its definition of Middle East corresponds to that of the St... |
56f903139e9bad19000a07cb | The Foreign and Commonwealth Office of United Kingdom recognizes what? | a Middle East and North Africa region | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Foreign and Commonwealth Office of United Kingdom recognises a Middle East and North Africa region, but not a Near East. Their original Middle East consumed the Near East as far as the Red Sea, ceded India to the Asia and Oceania region, and went into partnership with North Africa as far as the At... |
56f903139e9bad19000a07cc | What region does the Foreign and Commonwealth office of United Kingdom not recognize? | Near East | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Foreign and Commonwealth Office of United Kingdom recognises a Middle East and North Africa region, but not a Near East. Their original Middle East consumed the Near East as far as the Red Sea, ceded India to the Asia and Oceania region, and went into partnership with North Africa as far as the At... |
56f903139e9bad19000a07cd | What consumed the Near East as far as the Red Sea? | Their original Middle East | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Foreign and Commonwealth Office of United Kingdom recognises a Middle East and North Africa region, but not a Near East. Their original Middle East consumed the Near East as far as the Red Sea, ceded India to the Asia and Oceania region, and went into partnership with North Africa as far as the At... |
56f903a79e9bad19000a07d1 | What does the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Greece conduct? | "bilateral relationships" | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Greece conducts \"bilateral relationships\" with the countries of the \"Mediterranean β Middle East Region\" but has formulated no Near East Region. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey also does not use the term Near East. Its re... |
56f903a79e9bad19000a07d2 | The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey does not use what term? | Near East | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Greece conducts \"bilateral relationships\" with the countries of the \"Mediterranean β Middle East Region\" but has formulated no Near East Region. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey also does not use the term Near East. Its re... |
56f903a79e9bad19000a07d3 | The Middle East, the Balkans and others are included in what republic? | Republic of Turkey | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Greece conducts \"bilateral relationships\" with the countries of the \"Mediterranean β Middle East Region\" but has formulated no Near East Region. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey also does not use the term Near East. Its re... |
56f9040d9e9bad19000a07d7 | What is a term of the 20th centrury intended to stabilize the geographical application of Near East to ancient history? | The Ancient Near East | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Ancient Near East is a term of the 20th century intended to stabilize the geographical application of Near East to ancient history.[citation needed] The Near East may acquire varying meanings, but the Ancient Near East always has the same meaning: the ancient nations, people and languages of the e... |
56f9040d9e9bad19000a07d8 | The ancient nations, people and languages of the enhanced Fertile Crescent will always refer to what? | the Ancient Near East | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Ancient Near East is a term of the 20th century intended to stabilize the geographical application of Near East to ancient history.[citation needed] The Near East may acquire varying meanings, but the Ancient Near East always has the same meaning: the ancient nations, people and languages of the e... |
56f9040d9e9bad19000a07d9 | What is the sweep of land from the Nile Valley through Anatolia called? | Fertile Crescent | [
"Near_East\n\nThe Ancient Near East is a term of the 20th century intended to stabilize the geographical application of Near East to ancient history.[citation needed] The Near East may acquire varying meanings, but the Ancient Near East always has the same meaning: the ancient nations, people and languages of the e... |
56f904a39e9bad19000a07dd | James Bennett Pritchard wrote what? | Texts relating to the Old Testament | [
"Near_East\n\nResorting to this verbal device, however, did not protect the \"Ancient Near East\" from the inroads of \"the Middle East.\" For example, a high point in the use of \"Ancient Near East\" was for Biblical scholars the Ancient Near Eastern Texts relating to the Old Testament by James Bennett Pritchard, ... |
56f904a39e9bad19000a07de | When did James Bennett Pritchard write his textbook? | 1950 | [
"Near_East\n\nResorting to this verbal device, however, did not protect the \"Ancient Near East\" from the inroads of \"the Middle East.\" For example, a high point in the use of \"Ancient Near East\" was for Biblical scholars the Ancient Near Eastern Texts relating to the Old Testament by James Bennett Pritchard, ... |
56f904a39e9bad19000a07df | Who was a British archaeologist? | Leonard Woolley | [
"Near_East\n\nResorting to this verbal device, however, did not protect the \"Ancient Near East\" from the inroads of \"the Middle East.\" For example, a high point in the use of \"Ancient Near East\" was for Biblical scholars the Ancient Near Eastern Texts relating to the Old Testament by James Bennett Pritchard, ... |
56f904a39e9bad19000a07e0 | Who excavated ancient Ur? | Leonard Woolley | [
"Near_East\n\nResorting to this verbal device, however, did not protect the \"Ancient Near East\" from the inroads of \"the Middle East.\" For example, a high point in the use of \"Ancient Near East\" was for Biblical scholars the Ancient Near Eastern Texts relating to the Old Testament by James Bennett Pritchard, ... |
56f9052e9e9bad19000a07e5 | What do most universities teaching liberal arts have? | library and museum collections | [
"Near_East\n\nParallel with the growth of specialized agencies for conducting or supporting statescraft in the second half of the 20th century has been the collection of resources for scholarship and research typically in university settings. Most universities teaching the liberal arts have library and museum colle... |
56f9052e9e9bad19000a07e6 | What has had parallel growth of in the 20th century? | the collection of resources | [
"Near_East\n\nParallel with the growth of specialized agencies for conducting or supporting statescraft in the second half of the 20th century has been the collection of resources for scholarship and research typically in university settings. Most universities teaching the liberal arts have library and museum colle... |
56f9052e9e9bad19000a07e7 | What are these resources collected for? | for scholarship and research | [
"Near_East\n\nParallel with the growth of specialized agencies for conducting or supporting statescraft in the second half of the 20th century has been the collection of resources for scholarship and research typically in university settings. Most universities teaching the liberal arts have library and museum colle... |
56f905699e9bad19000a07eb | What does CSAD stand for? | Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents | [
"Near_East\n\nOne such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain. Among its many activities CSAD numbers \"a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions.\" These it arranges by region. ... |
56f905699e9bad19000a07ec | Who founded the CSAD? | Oxford University | [
"Near_East\n\nOne such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain. Among its many activities CSAD numbers \"a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions.\" These it arranges by region. ... |
56f905699e9bad19000a07ed | Where is Oxford University? | Great Britain | [
"Near_East\n\nOne such institution is the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents (CSAD) founded by and located centrally at Oxford University, Great Britain. Among its many activities CSAD numbers \"a long-term project to create a library of digitised images of Greek inscriptions.\" These it arranges by region. ... |
56f906719b226e1400dd1256 | Where did a large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training? | university departments named for the Near East | [
"Near_East\n\nA large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and pu... |
56f906719b226e1400dd1257 | What is the meaning of Near East in numerous establishments and publications? | Middle East | [
"Near_East\n\nA large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and pu... |
56f906719b226e1400dd1258 | What is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East? | Expertise on the modern Middle East | [
"Near_East\n\nA large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and pu... |
56f906719b226e1400dd1259 | What includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian? | Near Eastern Languages | [
"Near_East\n\nA large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and pu... |
56f92c369b226e1400dd125e | What was Zhejiang formerly romanized as? | Chekiang | [
"Zhejiang\n\nZhejiang (helpΒ·info), formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China ... |
56f92c369b226e1400dd125f | Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the northwest? | Anhui | [
"Zhejiang\n\nZhejiang (helpΒ·info), formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China ... |
56f92c369b226e1400dd1260 | Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the west? | Jiangxi | [
"Zhejiang\n\nZhejiang (helpΒ·info), formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China ... |
56f92c369b226e1400dd1261 | Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the south? | Fujian | [
"Zhejiang\n\nZhejiang (helpΒ·info), formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China ... |
56f92c369b226e1400dd1262 | Which body of water is to the east of Zhejiang? | East China Sea | [
"Zhejiang\n\nZhejiang (helpΒ·info), formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China ... |
56f92d4b9e9bad19000a07f9 | What is the former name of the Qiantang River? | Zhe River | [
"Zhejiang\n\nThe province's name derives from the Zhe River (ζ΅ζ±, ZhΓ¨ JiΔng), the former name of the Qiantang River which flows past Hangzhou and whose mouth forms Hangzhou Bay. It is usually glossed as meaning \"Crooked\" or \"Bent River\", from the meaning of Chinese ζ, but is more likely a phono-semantic compound... |
56f92d4b9e9bad19000a07fa | What does the mouth of the Qiantang River form? | Hangzhou Bay | [
"Zhejiang\n\nThe province's name derives from the Zhe River (ζ΅ζ±, ZhΓ¨ JiΔng), the former name of the Qiantang River which flows past Hangzhou and whose mouth forms Hangzhou Bay. It is usually glossed as meaning \"Crooked\" or \"Bent River\", from the meaning of Chinese ζ, but is more likely a phono-semantic compound... |
56f92d4b9e9bad19000a07fb | What does Zhe mean in Chinese? | Crooked | [
"Zhejiang\n\nThe province's name derives from the Zhe River (ζ΅ζ±, ZhΓ¨ JiΔng), the former name of the Qiantang River which flows past Hangzhou and whose mouth forms Hangzhou Bay. It is usually glossed as meaning \"Crooked\" or \"Bent River\", from the meaning of Chinese ζ, but is more likely a phono-semantic compound... |
56f92d4b9e9bad19000a07fc | Which river does the province of Zhejiang derive its name from? | Zhe River | [
"Zhejiang\n\nThe province's name derives from the Zhe River (ζ΅ζ±, ZhΓ¨ JiΔng), the former name of the Qiantang River which flows past Hangzhou and whose mouth forms Hangzhou Bay. It is usually glossed as meaning \"Crooked\" or \"Bent River\", from the meaning of Chinese ζ, but is more likely a phono-semantic compound... |
56f92d4b9e9bad19000a07fd | What does the Qiantang River flow past? | Hangzhou | [
"Zhejiang\n\nThe province's name derives from the Zhe River (ζ΅ζ±, ZhΓ¨ JiΔng), the former name of the Qiantang River which flows past Hangzhou and whose mouth forms Hangzhou Bay. It is usually glossed as meaning \"Crooked\" or \"Bent River\", from the meaning of Chinese ζ, but is more likely a phono-semantic compound... |
56f97a529e9bad19000a098b | What kind of cultures were the Hemudu and Liangzhu? | Neolithic | [
"Zhejiang\n\nZhejiang was the site of the Neolithic cultures of the Hemudu and Liangzhu. A 2007 analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in the archeological sites of prehistoric peoples along the Yangtze River shows high frequencies of haplogroup O1 in the Liangzhu culture, linking them to Austronesian and... |
56f97a529e9bad19000a098c | Where was the site of the Hemudu and LIangzhu cultures? | Zhejiang | [
"Zhejiang\n\nZhejiang was the site of the Neolithic cultures of the Hemudu and Liangzhu. A 2007 analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in the archeological sites of prehistoric peoples along the Yangtze River shows high frequencies of haplogroup O1 in the Liangzhu culture, linking them to Austronesian and... |
56f97a529e9bad19000a098d | What year was there an analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in Liangzhu culture? | 2007 | [
"Zhejiang\n\nZhejiang was the site of the Neolithic cultures of the Hemudu and Liangzhu. A 2007 analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in the archeological sites of prehistoric peoples along the Yangtze River shows high frequencies of haplogroup O1 in the Liangzhu culture, linking them to Austronesian and... |
56f97a529e9bad19000a098e | Which culture were the Austronesian and Tai-Kadai peoples linked to in the DNA analysis? | Liangzhu | [
"Zhejiang\n\nZhejiang was the site of the Neolithic cultures of the Hemudu and Liangzhu. A 2007 analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in the archeological sites of prehistoric peoples along the Yangtze River shows high frequencies of haplogroup O1 in the Liangzhu culture, linking them to Austronesian and... |
56f97a529e9bad19000a098f | What haplogroup did a DNA analysis of the Liangzhu culture reveal? | O1 | [
"Zhejiang\n\nZhejiang was the site of the Neolithic cultures of the Hemudu and Liangzhu. A 2007 analysis of the DNA recovered from human remains in the archeological sites of prehistoric peoples along the Yangtze River shows high frequencies of haplogroup O1 in the Liangzhu culture, linking them to Austronesian and... |
56f97b2e9b226e1400dd148e | Who populated the areas of Zhejiang in the 2nd millennium BC? | Hundred Yue | [
"Zhejiang\n\nThe area of modern Zhejiang was outside the major sphere of influence of the Shang civilization during the second millennium BC. Instead, this area was populated by peoples collectively known as the Hundred Yue, including the Dongyue and the Ouyue. The kingdom of Yue began to appear in the chronicles a... |
56f97b2e9b226e1400dd148f | When did the kingdom of Yue begin to appear? | Spring and Autumn Period | [
"Zhejiang\n\nThe area of modern Zhejiang was outside the major sphere of influence of the Shang civilization during the second millennium BC. Instead, this area was populated by peoples collectively known as the Hundred Yue, including the Dongyue and the Ouyue. The kingdom of Yue began to appear in the chronicles a... |
56f97b2e9b226e1400dd1490 | Where was the kingdom of Yue located according to chronicles? | northern Zhejiang | [
"Zhejiang\n\nThe area of modern Zhejiang was outside the major sphere of influence of the Shang civilization during the second millennium BC. Instead, this area was populated by peoples collectively known as the Hundred Yue, including the Dongyue and the Ouyue. The kingdom of Yue began to appear in the chronicles a... |
56f97b2e9b226e1400dd1491 | Who does Shiji claim that its leaders were descended from? | Yu the Great | [
"Zhejiang\n\nThe area of modern Zhejiang was outside the major sphere of influence of the Shang civilization during the second millennium BC. Instead, this area was populated by peoples collectively known as the Hundred Yue, including the Dongyue and the Ouyue. The kingdom of Yue began to appear in the chronicles a... |
56f97b2e9b226e1400dd1492 | What does the Sword of Goujian bear? | bird-worm seal script | [
"Zhejiang\n\nThe area of modern Zhejiang was outside the major sphere of influence of the Shang civilization during the second millennium BC. Instead, this area was populated by peoples collectively known as the Hundred Yue, including the Dongyue and the Ouyue. The kingdom of Yue began to appear in the chronicles a... |
56f97c189b226e1400dd149b | What was the initial power base for Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's rebellion? | Kuaiji Commandery | [
"Zhejiang\n\nKuaiji Commandery was the initial power base for Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's rebellion against the Qin Empire which initially succeeded in restoring the kingdom of Chu but eventually fell to the Han. Under the Later Han, control of the area returned to the settlement below Mount Kuaiji but authority ove... |
56f97c189b226e1400dd149c | Who did the kingdom of Chu eventually fall to? | the Han | [
"Zhejiang\n\nKuaiji Commandery was the initial power base for Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's rebellion against the Qin Empire which initially succeeded in restoring the kingdom of Chu but eventually fell to the Han. Under the Later Han, control of the area returned to the settlement below Mount Kuaiji but authority ove... |
56f97c189b226e1400dd149d | In Later Han, which Mount did control of the area return to the settlement below? | Kuaiji | [
"Zhejiang\n\nKuaiji Commandery was the initial power base for Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's rebellion against the Qin Empire which initially succeeded in restoring the kingdom of Chu but eventually fell to the Han. Under the Later Han, control of the area returned to the settlement below Mount Kuaiji but authority ove... |
56f97c189b226e1400dd149e | Who led a rebellion with Xiang Liang against the Qin Empire? | Xiang Yu | [
"Zhejiang\n\nKuaiji Commandery was the initial power base for Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's rebellion against the Qin Empire which initially succeeded in restoring the kingdom of Chu but eventually fell to the Han. Under the Later Han, control of the area returned to the settlement below Mount Kuaiji but authority ove... |
56f97c189b226e1400dd149f | Which empire did Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu rebel against? | the Qin Empire | [
"Zhejiang\n\nKuaiji Commandery was the initial power base for Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu's rebellion against the Qin Empire which initially succeeded in restoring the kingdom of Chu but eventually fell to the Han. Under the Later Han, control of the area returned to the settlement below Mount Kuaiji but authority ove... |
56f97cd79b226e1400dd14a5 | When was the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era? | 220β280 CE | [
"Zhejiang\n\nAt the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era (220β280 CE), Zhejiang was home to the warlords Yan Baihu and Wang Lang prior to their defeat by Sun Ce and Sun Quan, who eventually established the Kingdom of Wu. Despite the removal of their court from Kuaiji to Jianye (present-day Nanjing), they continued d... |
56f97cd79b226e1400dd14a6 | What was home to the warlord Yan Baihu? | Zhejiang | [
"Zhejiang\n\nAt the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era (220β280 CE), Zhejiang was home to the warlords Yan Baihu and Wang Lang prior to their defeat by Sun Ce and Sun Quan, who eventually established the Kingdom of Wu. Despite the removal of their court from Kuaiji to Jianye (present-day Nanjing), they continued d... |
56f97cd79b226e1400dd14a7 | What kingdom did Sun Ce and Sun Quan eventually establish? | the Kingdom of Wu | [
"Zhejiang\n\nAt the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era (220β280 CE), Zhejiang was home to the warlords Yan Baihu and Wang Lang prior to their defeat by Sun Ce and Sun Quan, who eventually established the Kingdom of Wu. Despite the removal of their court from Kuaiji to Jianye (present-day Nanjing), they continued d... |
56f97cd79b226e1400dd14a8 | Where was their court in Kuaiji removed to? | Jianye | [
"Zhejiang\n\nAt the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era (220β280 CE), Zhejiang was home to the warlords Yan Baihu and Wang Lang prior to their defeat by Sun Ce and Sun Quan, who eventually established the Kingdom of Wu. Despite the removal of their court from Kuaiji to Jianye (present-day Nanjing), they continued d... |
56f97cd79b226e1400dd14a9 | Along with Manchuria, where did trade reach as far as? | Funan | [
"Zhejiang\n\nAt the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era (220β280 CE), Zhejiang was home to the warlords Yan Baihu and Wang Lang prior to their defeat by Sun Ce and Sun Quan, who eventually established the Kingdom of Wu. Despite the removal of their court from Kuaiji to Jianye (present-day Nanjing), they continued d... |
56f97d8a9e9bad19000a09af | When was Zhejiang part of the Wu? | during the Three Kingdoms | [
"Zhejiang\n\nZhejiang was part of the Wu during the Three Kingdoms. Wu (229β280), commonly known as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, had been the economically most developed state among the Three Kingdoms (220β280 CE). The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy ... |
56f97d8a9e9bad19000a09b0 | What is another name for Wu or Eastern Wu? | Sun Wu | [
"Zhejiang\n\nZhejiang was part of the Wu during the Three Kingdoms. Wu (229β280), commonly known as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, had been the economically most developed state among the Three Kingdoms (220β280 CE). The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy ... |
56f97d8a9e9bad19000a09b1 | What was the most developed state among the Three Kingdoms? | Wu | [
"Zhejiang\n\nZhejiang was part of the Wu during the Three Kingdoms. Wu (229β280), commonly known as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, had been the economically most developed state among the Three Kingdoms (220β280 CE). The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy ... |
56f97d8a9e9bad19000a09b2 | Which historical novel records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy force? | Romance of the Three Kingdoms | [
"Zhejiang\n\nZhejiang was part of the Wu during the Three Kingdoms. Wu (229β280), commonly known as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, had been the economically most developed state among the Three Kingdoms (220β280 CE). The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy ... |
56f97d8a9e9bad19000a09b3 | Along with Wei, which state avoided direct conflict with Wu? | Shu | [
"Zhejiang\n\nZhejiang was part of the Wu during the Three Kingdoms. Wu (229β280), commonly known as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, had been the economically most developed state among the Three Kingdoms (220β280 CE). The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy ... |
56f97e1c9e9bad19000a09b9 | What was Nanjing formerly known as? | Jiankang | [
"Zhejiang\n\nDespite the continuing prominence of Nanjing (then known as Jiankang), the settlement of Qiantang, the former name of Hangzhou, remained one of the three major metropolitan centers in the south to provide major tax revenue to the imperial centers in the north China. The other two centers in the south w... |
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