id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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56faee55f34c681400b0c1d1 | When did the International Congress of Somali Studies begin? | 1980 | [
"Somalis\n\nThe scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia is known as Somali Studies. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to writ... |
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1d7 | In what century did the Middle Ages begin? | 5th | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history... |
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1d8 | What century saw the end of the Middle Ages? | 15th | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history... |
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1d9 | What event marked the beginning of the Middle Ages? | the collapse of the Western Roman Empire | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history... |
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1da | Along with the Renaissance, what era occurred at the end of the Middle Ages? | Age of Discovery | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history... |
56fb2a7cf34c681400b0c1db | What is the first period of the three that Western history is traditionally divided into? | Antiquity | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history... |
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e1 | Along with the movement of peoples, invasion and depopulation, what event started in Late Antiquity and continued into the Middle Ages? | deurbanisation | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nDepopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and t... |
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e2 | In what state did barbarian invaders establish kingdoms? | the Western Roman Empire | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nDepopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and t... |
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e3 | What empire was North Africa previously a part of? | the Eastern Roman Empire | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nDepopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and t... |
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e4 | In what century did the Caliphate conquer North Africa? | 7th | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nDepopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and t... |
56fb2afef34c681400b0c1e5 | In what year did Italians discover the Code of Justinian? | 1070 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nDepopulation, deurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The barbarian invaders, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the 7th century, North Africa and t... |
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1eb | What year marked the beginning of the High Middle Ages? | 1000 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages... |
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ec | What event led to larger crop yields in the High Middle Ages? | the Medieval Warm Period | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages... |
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ed | What was the name of the economic system that organized peasants into villages owing labor and rent to nobles? | Manorialism | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages... |
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ee | What was the name of the political system that gave rents to knights in return for military service? | feudalism | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages... |
56fb2c94f34c681400b0c1ef | In what year did the Crusades begin? | 1095 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages... |
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f5 | When did the Black Death end? | 1350 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the inters... |
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f6 | In what period of the Middle Ages did the Black Death occur? | Late | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the inters... |
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f7 | What portion of the European population died in the Black Death? | a third | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the inters... |
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f8 | What era occurred after the Late Middle Ages? | the early modern period | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the inters... |
56fb2e3bf34c681400b0c1f9 | Along with controversy and schism, what upset the peace of the Church during the Late Middle Ages? | heresy | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Late Middle Ages was marked by difficulties and calamities including famine, plague, and war, which significantly diminished the population of Europe; between 1347 and 1350, the Black Death killed about a third of Europeans. Controversy, heresy, and schism within the Church paralleled the inters... |
56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e1 | Along with Antiquity and the Middle Ages, what is the other major division of European history? | the Modern Period | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period."
] |
56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e2 | How many major periods is European history divided into? | three | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period."
] |
56fb2e6f8f12f319006302e3 | What is another name for Antiquity? | classical civilisation | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation, or Antiquity; the Middle Ages; and the Modern Period."
] |
56fb2ed48f12f319006302e7 | Along with the Six Ages, what other scheme did writers in the Middle Ages use to divide history? | Four Empires | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nMedieval writers divided history into periods such as the \"Six Ages\" or the \"Four Empires\", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being \"modern\". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pr... |
56fb2ed48f12f319006302e8 | What writer referred to the Christian period as new? | Petrarch | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nMedieval writers divided history into periods such as the \"Six Ages\" or the \"Four Empires\", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being \"modern\". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pr... |
56fb2ed48f12f319006302e9 | Who wrote the History of the Florentine People? | Leonardo Bruni | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nMedieval writers divided history into periods such as the \"Six Ages\" or the \"Four Empires\", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being \"modern\". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pr... |
56fb2ed48f12f319006302ea | When was the History of the Florentine People published? | 1442 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nMedieval writers divided history into periods such as the \"Six Ages\" or the \"Four Empires\", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being \"modern\". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pr... |
56fb2ed48f12f319006302eb | Who first divided history into the ancient, medieval and modern periods? | Christoph Cellarius | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nMedieval writers divided history into periods such as the \"Six Ages\" or the \"Four Empires\", and considered their time to be the last before the end of the world. When referring to their own times, they spoke of them as being \"modern\". In the 1330s, the humanist and poet Petrarch referred to pr... |
56fb2f268f12f319006302f1 | What date is usually given as the beginning of the Middle Ages? | 476 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage ... |
56fb2f268f12f319006302f2 | Who was the first writer to date the Middle Ages from 476? | Bruni | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage ... |
56fb2f268f12f319006302f3 | When is the Middle Ages generally considered to have ended? | 1500 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage ... |
56fb2f268f12f319006302f4 | In what year did the Turks conquer Constantinople? | 1453 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage ... |
56fb2f268f12f319006302f5 | When did Ferdinand II die? | 1516 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe most commonly given starting point for the Middle Ages is 476, first used by Bruni.[A] For Europe as a whole, 1500 is often considered to be the end of the Middle Ages, but there is no universally agreed upon end date. Depending on the context, events such as Christopher Columbus's first voyage ... |
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fb | In what century did the Roman Empire achieve its greatest extent? | the 2nd century AD | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century pol... |
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fc | In what century did the revival of Persia occur under the Sassanids? | 3rd century | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century pol... |
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fd | How much did the size of the Roman army increase in the 3rd century? | doubled | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century pol... |
56fb2ff68f12f319006302fe | What did the need for increased revenue to pay for the Roman army lead to an increase in? | taxes | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century pol... |
56fb2ff68f12f319006302ff | What is another term for the Roman landowning class? | curial | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century pol... |
56fb30738f12f31900630305 | In what year did Diocletian begin his reign? | 284 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a pe... |
56fb30738f12f31900630306 | When was the Roman Empire split into western and eastern administrative divisions? | 286 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a pe... |
56fb30738f12f31900630307 | What was the name of the city previously located on the site of Constantinople? | Byzantium | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a pe... |
56fb30738f12f31900630308 | During what century was the Roman conversion to Christianity considered complete? | 5th | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a pe... |
56fb30738f12f31900630309 | When did the rule of Constantine end? | 337 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) split the empire into separately administered eastern and western halves in 286; the empire was not considered divided by its inhabitants or rulers, as legal and administrative promulgations in one division were considered valid in the other.[C] In 330, after a pe... |
56fb3290f34c681400b0c1ff | In what year did the Ostrogoths settle in the Roman Empire? | 376 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, a... |
56fb3290f34c681400b0c200 | Who invited the Ostrogoths to settle in the Roman Empire? | Valens | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, a... |
56fb3290f34c681400b0c201 | In what province did the Ostrogoths settle? | Thracia | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, a... |
56fb3290f34c681400b0c202 | At what battle was the Emperor Valens killed? | the Battle of Adrianople | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, a... |
56fb3290f34c681400b0c203 | When did the Battle of Adrianople occur? | 9 August 378 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn 376, the Ostrogoths, fleeing from the Huns, received permission from Emperor Valens (r. 364–378) to settle in the Roman province of Thracia in the Balkans. The settlement did not go smoothly, and when Roman officials mishandled the situation, the Ostrogoths began to raid and plunder.[D] Valens, a... |
56fb3441f34c681400b0c209 | Who was the last Western Roman Emperor? | Romulus Augustus | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nBy the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Ro... |
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20a | When did the reign of the last Western Roman Emperor end? | 476 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nBy the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Ro... |
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20b | What is another name for the Eastern Roman Empire? | Byzantine Empire | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nBy the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Ro... |
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20c | What Eastern Roman Emperor reconquered Italy? | Justinian | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nBy the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Ro... |
56fb3441f34c681400b0c20d | When did Justinian's reign end? | 565 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nBy the end of the 5th century the western section of the empire was divided into smaller political units, ruled by the tribes that had invaded in the early part of the century. The deposition of the last emperor of the west, Romulus Augustus, in 476 has traditionally marked the end of the Western Ro... |
56fb34c7f34c681400b0c213 | When did Aspar die? | Aspar | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as \"invasions\", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided ... |
56fb34c7f34c681400b0c214 | What year saw the death of Gundobad? | 516 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as \"invasions\", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided ... |
56fb34c7f34c681400b0c215 | What notable Roman figure died in 408? | Stilicho | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as \"invasions\", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided ... |
56fb34c7f34c681400b0c216 | The loss of what led to the differentiation between the Western Roman Empire and the new kingdoms? | tax revenue | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as \"invasions\", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided ... |
56fb34c7f34c681400b0c217 | Rather than taxes, what did the new kingdoms use to support their armies? | land or rents | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as \"invasions\", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided ... |
56fb353df34c681400b0c21d | In what century did the Ostrogoths arrive in Italy? | 5th | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nBetween the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at ... |
56fb353df34c681400b0c21e | What Ostrogothic leader led his people into Italy? | Theoderic | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nBetween the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at ... |
56fb353df34c681400b0c21f | Who destroyed the Burgundian kingdom in 436? | the Huns | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nBetween the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at ... |
56fb353df34c681400b0c220 | In what part of Europe did the Burgundians settle? | Gaul | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nBetween the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at ... |
56fb353df34c681400b0c221 | Who was the first notable king of the Franks? | Childeric | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nBetween the 5th and 8th centuries, new peoples and individuals filled the political void left by Roman centralised government. The Ostrogoths settled in Italy in the late 5th century under Theoderic (d. 526) and set up a kingdom marked by its co-operation between the Italians and the Ostrogoths, at ... |
56fb61e68ddada1400cd63af | People of what ethnicity settled in the Balkan Peninsula? | Slavic | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan... |
56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b0 | In what geographic region did most of the invaders settle in Gaul? | north-east | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan... |
56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b1 | What is the collective name for languages derived from Latin? | Romance languages | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan... |
56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b2 | What language was spoken in the Byzantine Empire? | Greek | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan... |
56fb61e78ddada1400cd63b3 | What languages were spoken by the Slavs? | Slavonic | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nThe invasions brought new ethnic groups to Europe, although some regions received a larger influx of new peoples than others. In Gaul for instance, the invaders settled much more extensively in the north-east than in the south-west. Slavic peoples settled in Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkan... |
56fb623d8ddada1400cd63b9 | In what century did the economic revival in the Eastern Roman Empire end? | 7th | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nAs Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the tradit... |
56fb623d8ddada1400cd63ba | In what century was there peace with one of Rome's traditional enemies? | 5th | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nAs Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the tradit... |
56fb623d8ddada1400cd63bb | Where did most of the invasion in the Eastern Roman Empire take place? | the Balkans | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nAs Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the tradit... |
56fb623d8ddada1400cd63bc | What year saw the completion of the Theodosian Code? | 438 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nAs Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the tradit... |
56fb623d8ddada1400cd63bd | Who was Emperor when the Corpus Juris Civilis was compiled? | Justinian | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nAs Western Europe witnessed the formation of new kingdoms, the Eastern Roman Empire remained intact and experienced an economic revival that lasted into the early 7th century. There were fewer invasions of the eastern section of the empire; most occurred in the Balkans. Peace with Persia, the tradit... |
56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c3 | Who defeated the Eastern Roman Empire near Adrianople in 551? | Slavic tribes | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to ... |
56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c4 | What tribe received tribute from the Eastern Roman emperors in the 6th century? | the Avars | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to ... |
56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c5 | Near what river were the Avars originally based? | the Danube | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to ... |
56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c6 | During the reign of what Emperor did the Persians occupy Egypt? | Heraclius | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to ... |
56fb62a98ddada1400cd63c7 | In what year did the reign of Maurice end? | 602 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn the Eastern Empire the slow infiltration of the Balkans by the Slavs added a further difficulty for Justinian's successors. It began gradually, but by the late 540s Slavic tribes were in Thrace and Illyrium, and had defeated an imperial army near Adrianople in 551. In the 560s the Avars began to ... |
56fb630db28b3419009f1ce4 | What author would Jerome rather read than the Bible? | Cicero | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn Western Europe, some of the older Roman elite families died out while others became more involved with Church than secular affairs. Values attached to Latin scholarship and education mostly disappeared, and while literacy remained important, it became a practical skill rather than a sign of elite... |
56fb630db28b3419009f1ce5 | In what year did Jerome die? | 420 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn Western Europe, some of the older Roman elite families died out while others became more involved with Church than secular affairs. Values attached to Latin scholarship and education mostly disappeared, and while literacy remained important, it became a practical skill rather than a sign of elite... |
56fb630db28b3419009f1ce6 | In what century did Gregory of Tours live? | 6th | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn Western Europe, some of the older Roman elite families died out while others became more involved with Church than secular affairs. Values attached to Latin scholarship and education mostly disappeared, and while literacy remained important, it became a practical skill rather than a sign of elite... |
56fb630db28b3419009f1ce7 | Along with art, how was religious instruction commonly received in the late 6th century? | music | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn Western Europe, some of the older Roman elite families died out while others became more involved with Church than secular affairs. Values attached to Latin scholarship and education mostly disappeared, and while literacy remained important, it became a practical skill rather than a sign of elite... |
56fb630db28b3419009f1ce8 | When was the death of Sidonius Apollinaris? | 489 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nIn Western Europe, some of the older Roman elite families died out while others became more involved with Church than secular affairs. Values attached to Latin scholarship and education mostly disappeared, and while literacy remained important, it became a practical skill rather than a sign of elite... |
56fb6383b28b3419009f1cee | What was the focus of aristocratic culture during this period? | great feasts | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nChanges also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces.[... |
56fb6383b28b3419009f1cef | Along with gold, what luxury was present on the clothes of the elite? | jewels | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nChanges also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces.[... |
56fb6383b28b3419009f1cf0 | Along with loyalty and honor, what virtue did the elite value? | courage | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nChanges also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces.[... |
56fb6383b28b3419009f1cf1 | In what society did women have status as abbesses? | Anglo-Saxon | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nChanges also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces.[... |
56fb6383b28b3419009f1cf2 | In what country did Gregory of Tours live? | Merovingian Gaul | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nChanges also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces.[... |
56fb6409b28b3419009f1cf8 | How many people might live in a large peasant settlement? | 700 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nPeasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes... |
56fb6409b28b3419009f1cf9 | What was a way in which a free peasant might become an aristocrat? | military service | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nPeasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes... |
56fb6409b28b3419009f1cfa | In what century did written records of peasant life begin to appear? | 9th | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nPeasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes... |
56fb6409b28b3419009f1cfb | Along with aristocratic writers, where do contemporary written descriptions of peasants come from? | law codes | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nPeasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes... |
56fb6409b28b3419009f1cfc | What field produces most of the finding about peasants from this era? | archaeology | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nPeasant society is much less documented than the nobility. Most of the surviving information available to historians comes from archaeology; few detailed written records documenting peasant life remain from before the 9th century. Most the descriptions of the lower classes come from either law codes... |
56fb645ab28b3419009f1d02 | About how many people lived in Rome at the end of the 500s? | 30,000 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nRoman city life and culture changed greatly in the early Middle Ages. Although Italian cities remained inhabited, they contracted significantly in size. Rome, for instance, shrank from a population of hundreds of thousands to around 30,000 by the end of the 6th century. Roman temples were converted ... |
56fb645ab28b3419009f1d03 | What new use was found for Roman temples? | Christian churches | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nRoman city life and culture changed greatly in the early Middle Ages. Although Italian cities remained inhabited, they contracted significantly in size. Rome, for instance, shrank from a population of hundreds of thousands to around 30,000 by the end of the 6th century. Roman temples were converted ... |
56fb645ab28b3419009f1d04 | What group was notably persecuted after the Roman Empire converted to Christianity? | Jews | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nRoman city life and culture changed greatly in the early Middle Ages. Although Italian cities remained inhabited, they contracted significantly in size. Rome, for instance, shrank from a population of hundreds of thousands to around 30,000 by the end of the 6th century. Roman temples were converted ... |
56fb6507b28b3419009f1d08 | What was the ethnicity of a leader who converted to Judaism in this era? | Arab | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nReligious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking c... |
56fb6507b28b3419009f1d09 | What was the dominant religion of Persia before Islam? | Zoroastrianism | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nReligious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking c... |
56fb6507b28b3419009f1d0a | In what yer did Muhammad die? | 632 | [
"Middle_Ages\n\nReligious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking c... |
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