id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
5706bfe52eaba6190074acdf | What is the compilation of Isidore of Seville's work called? | Etymologies | [
"Black_people\n\nIsidore of Seville, writing in the 7th century, claimed that the Latin word Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron, μαύρον, which is the Greek word for black. Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or \"Moor\" had become an adjective in Latin, \"for ... |
5706bfe52eaba6190074ace0 | What was "Black by definition"? | Moors | [
"Black_people\n\nIsidore of Seville, writing in the 7th century, claimed that the Latin word Maurus was derived from the Greek mauron, μαύρον, which is the Greek word for black. Indeed, by the time Isidore of Seville came to write his Etymologies, the word Maurus or \"Moor\" had become an adjective in Latin, \"for ... |
5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace6 | What are Afro-Spaniards? | Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent | [
"Black_people\n\nAfro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equa... |
5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace7 | Where do Afro-Spaniards come from? | Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal | [
"Black_people\n\nAfro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equa... |
5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace8 | Which Spanish colony do Afro-Spaniards reside? | Equatorial Guinea | [
"Black_people\n\nAfro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equa... |
5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace9 | How many Afro-Spaniards currently live in Spain? | an estimated 683,000 | [
"Black_people\n\nAfro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equa... |
5706c2370eeca41400aa0e03 | In 2001 how many black people lived in the UK? | over a million black | [
"Black_people\n\nAccording to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as \"Black Caribbean\", 0.8% as \"Black African\", and 0.2% as \"Black other\". Britain encouraged the immigration of wor... |
5706c2370eeca41400aa0e04 | What percentage of the population was "Black Caribbean"? | 1% | [
"Black_people\n\nAccording to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as \"Black Caribbean\", 0.8% as \"Black African\", and 0.2% as \"Black other\". Britain encouraged the immigration of wor... |
5706c2370eeca41400aa0e05 | What percentage of the population was "Black African"? | 0.8% | [
"Black_people\n\nAccording to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as \"Black Caribbean\", 0.8% as \"Black African\", and 0.2% as \"Black other\". Britain encouraged the immigration of wor... |
5706c2370eeca41400aa0e06 | What percentage of the population was "Black other"? | 0.2% | [
"Black_people\n\nAccording to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as \"Black Caribbean\", 0.8% as \"Black African\", and 0.2% as \"Black other\". Britain encouraged the immigration of wor... |
5706c2370eeca41400aa0e07 | When did Britain encourage immigration of workers? | after World War II | [
"Black_people\n\nAccording to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as \"Black Caribbean\", 0.8% as \"Black African\", and 0.2% as \"Black other\". Britain encouraged the immigration of wor... |
5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e0d | When did African states become independent? | 1960s | [
"Black_people\n\nAs African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended b... |
5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e0e | Who offered many Africans a chance to study in their country? | Soviet Union | [
"Black_people\n\nAs African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended b... |
5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e0f | How many students moved from Africa to Russia? | about 400,000 | [
"Black_people\n\nAs African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended b... |
5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e10 | Why did students move to Russia? | to pursue higher studies | [
"Black_people\n\nAs African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended b... |
5706c2a60eeca41400aa0e11 | Migration to Russia continued into many countries where? | Eastern bloc. | [
"Black_people\n\nAs African states became independent in the 1960s, the Soviet Union offered many of their citizens the chance to study in Russia. Over a period of 40 years, about 400,000 African students from various countries moved to Russia to pursue higher studies, including many Black Africans. This extended b... |
5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e17 | Where did the Ottoman slave trade flourish? | in the Balkans | [
"Black_people\n\nDue to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimate... |
5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e18 | What town had it's own black community? | Ulcinj | [
"Black_people\n\nDue to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimate... |
5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e19 | What country is Ulcinj in? | Montenegro | [
"Black_people\n\nDue to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimate... |
5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e1a | How many black people lived in Ulcinj until 1878? | 100 | [
"Black_people\n\nDue to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimate... |
5706c30b0eeca41400aa0e1b | How many blacks served in the Ottoman Army during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716-18? | an estimated 30,000 | [
"Black_people\n\nDue to the Ottoman slave trade that had flourished in the Balkans, the coastal town of Ulcinj in Montenegro had its own black community. As a consequence of the slave trade and privateer activity, it is told how until 1878 in Ulcinj 100 black people lived. The Ottoman Army also deployed an estimate... |
5706cb470eeca41400aa0e2f | Who has been referred to as "black people"? | Indigenous Australians | [
"Black_people\n\nIndigenous Australians have been referred to as \"black people\" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigm... |
5706cb470eeca41400aa0e30 | What was the original term related to? | skin colour | [
"Black_people\n\nIndigenous Australians have been referred to as \"black people\" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigm... |
5706cb470eeca41400aa0e31 | Since when have Indigenous Australians been referred to as black? | since the early days of European settlement | [
"Black_people\n\nIndigenous Australians have been referred to as \"black people\" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigm... |
5706cb470eeca41400aa0e32 | What does the term relate to know in reference to Australians? | to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry | [
"Black_people\n\nIndigenous Australians have been referred to as \"black people\" in Australia since the early days of European settlement. While originally related to skin colour, the term is used to today to indicate Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ancestry in general and can refer to people of any skin pigm... |
5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e37 | What was established to control the Indigenous Australians? | Aboriginal Protection Boards | [
"Black_people\n\nBeing identified as either \"black\" or \"white\" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australi... |
5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e38 | What did the Aboriginal Protection Boards control? | where they lived, their employment, marriage, education and included the power to separate children from their parents. | [
"Black_people\n\nBeing identified as either \"black\" or \"white\" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australi... |
5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e39 | Were Aborigines allowed to vote? | Aborigines were not allowed to vote | [
"Black_people\n\nBeing identified as either \"black\" or \"white\" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australi... |
5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e3a | Who reported how the Aborigines were treated? | Sir Baldwin Spencer | [
"Black_people\n\nBeing identified as either \"black\" or \"white\" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australi... |
5706cbc50eeca41400aa0e3b | What year was his report from? | 1913 | [
"Black_people\n\nBeing identified as either \"black\" or \"white\" in Australia during the 19th and early 20th centuries was critical in one's employment and social prospects. Various state-based Aboriginal Protection Boards were established which had virtually complete control over the lives of Indigenous Australi... |
5706cd480eeca41400aa0e41 | Which race was growing faster after the First World War? | mixed-race people | [
"Black_people\n\nAfter the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the \"half-caste menace\" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, t... |
5706cd480eeca41400aa0e42 | What did people fear in 1930? | "half-caste menace" | [
"Black_people\n\nAfter the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the \"half-caste menace\" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, t... |
5706cd480eeca41400aa0e43 | What did this menace undermine? | the White Australia ideal | [
"Black_people\n\nAfter the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the \"half-caste menace\" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, t... |
5706cd480eeca41400aa0e44 | Who noted this particular fear? | Dr. Cecil Cook | [
"Black_people\n\nAfter the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the \"half-caste menace\" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, t... |
5706cd480eeca41400aa0e45 | Who is Dr. Cecil Cook? | the Northern Territory Protector of Natives, | [
"Black_people\n\nAfter the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the \"half-caste menace\" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, t... |
5706ce092eaba6190074ad0c | Who did the government want raised as white? | "half-caste" individuals | [
"Black_people\n\nThe official policy became one of biological and cultural assimilation: \"Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white\". This led to different treatment for \"black\" and \"half-caste\" individuals, with lighter-skinned individual... |
5706ce092eaba6190074ad0d | What was the goal of removing mixed races from their homes? | Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white" | [
"Black_people\n\nThe official policy became one of biological and cultural assimilation: \"Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white\". This led to different treatment for \"black\" and \"half-caste\" individuals, with lighter-skinned individual... |
5706ce092eaba6190074ad0e | What were the mixed race individuals kept from doing? | speaking their native language and practising traditional customs | [
"Black_people\n\nThe official policy became one of biological and cultural assimilation: \"Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white\". This led to different treatment for \"black\" and \"half-caste\" individuals, with lighter-skinned individual... |
5706ce092eaba6190074ad0f | What was this process referred to? | the Stolen Generation | [
"Black_people\n\nThe official policy became one of biological and cultural assimilation: \"Eliminate the full-blood and permit the white admixture to half-castes and eventually the race will become white\". This led to different treatment for \"black\" and \"half-caste\" individuals, with lighter-skinned individual... |
5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4b | When did human rights for Aboriginal people begin to improve? | The second half of the 20th century | [
"Black_people\n\nThe second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period... |
5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4c | What year was constitutional discrimination ended? | 1967 | [
"Black_people\n\nThe second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period... |
5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4d | What else was included in the 1967 referendum? | to include Aborigines in the national census. | [
"Black_people\n\nThe second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period... |
5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4e | What term was embraced during this period? | "black" | [
"Black_people\n\nThe second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period... |
5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4f | Who said the Aboriginal people started to embrace their ancestry? | Activist Bob Maza | [
"Black_people\n\nThe second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period... |
5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e55 | Who wrote "Living Black? | Kevin Gilbert | [
"Black_people\n\nIn 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a ... |
5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e56 | What year was Gilbert awarded for his efforts? | 1978 | [
"Black_people\n\nIn 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a ... |
5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e57 | What was Living Black about? | a collection of Aboriginal people's stories | [
"Black_people\n\nIn 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a ... |
5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e58 | What award did Gilbert refuse in 1998? | the Human Rights Award for Literature | [
"Black_people\n\nIn 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a ... |
5706cf6e0eeca41400aa0e59 | What was the award in 1998 for? | Inside Black Australia | [
"Black_people\n\nIn 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a ... |
5706e4d990286e26004fc727 | What did the improvements in quality of life increase? | people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander | [
"Black_people\n\nThis nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term \"black\" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in ... |
5706e4d990286e26004fc728 | What has the reappropriation of the word "black" done? | resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian culture, | [
"Black_people\n\nThis nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term \"black\" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in ... |
5706e4d990286e26004fc729 | In what year were there several cases that helped to redefine Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander? | 2012 | [
"Black_people\n\nThis nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term \"black\" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in ... |
5706e4d990286e26004fc72a | What well known boxer was criticized for question someone's blackness? | Anthony Mundine | [
"Black_people\n\nThis nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term \"black\" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in ... |
5706e4d990286e26004fc72b | Which Journalist was sued for publishing discriminatory comments? | Andrew Bolt | [
"Black_people\n\nThis nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term \"black\" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in ... |
5706fa4c90286e26004fc787 | Who described slaves as negars? | John Rolfe | [
"Black_people\n\nIn the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia... |
5706fa4c90286e26004fc788 | Where was John Rolfe? | Colonial America | [
"Black_people\n\nIn the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia... |
5706fa4c90286e26004fc789 | Where were slaves shipped to from West Africa? | Virginia colony | [
"Black_people\n\nIn the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia... |
5706fa4c90286e26004fc78a | What was the name of the African burial ground in New York City? | "Begraafplaats van de Neger" | [
"Black_people\n\nIn the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia... |
5706fa4c90286e26004fc78b | What does "Begraafplaats van de Neger" mean? | Cemetery of the Negro | [
"Black_people\n\nIn the Colonial America of 1619, John Rolfe used negars in describing the slaves who were captured from West Africa and then shipped to the Virginia colony. Later American English spellings, neger and neggar, prevailed in a northern colony, New York under the Dutch, and in metropolitan Philadelphia... |
5706fb6190286e26004fc79b | When did "nigger" become a pejorative word? | By the 1900s | [
"Black_people\n\nBy the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to \"black\". Negro had superseded colored ... |
5706fb6190286e26004fc79c | What term replaced negro as mainstream? | colored | [
"Black_people\n\nBy the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to \"black\". Negro had superseded colored ... |
5706fb6190286e26004fc79d | What term followed "negro" and "colored"? | "black" | [
"Black_people\n\nBy the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to \"black\". Negro had superseded colored ... |
5706fb6190286e26004fc79e | What movement sprouted this change in rhetoric? | the African-American Civil rights movement | [
"Black_people\n\nBy the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to \"black\". Negro had superseded colored ... |
5706fb6190286e26004fc79f | Who led the Civil Rights movement? | Reverend Martin Luther King | [
"Black_people\n\nBy the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to \"black\". Negro had superseded colored ... |
570706b99e06ca38007e92bb | How did black people identify in early America? | by their specific ethnic group | [
"Black_people\n\nIn the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first ca... |
570706b99e06ca38007e92bc | What was not acknowledged by English colonists? | individual ethnic affiliations | [
"Black_people\n\nIn the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first ca... |
570706b99e06ca38007e92bd | How vast was the backgrounds of the captives? | West African coastline stretching from Senegal to Angola and in some cases from the south-east coast | [
"Black_people\n\nIn the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first ca... |
570706b99e06ca38007e92be | How was the new African American identity defined? | This new identity was based on provenance and slave status | [
"Black_people\n\nIn the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first ca... |
570706b99e06ca38007e92bf | Which colonists recorded more complete identities of the West Africans? | French and Spanish colonists | [
"Black_people\n\nIn the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first ca... |
5707074190286e26004fc80f | What type of skin pigment does "Black" refer to? | the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors | [
"Black_people\n\nThe US racial or ethnic classification \"black\" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit c... |
5707074190286e26004fc810 | In the United States the term "black people" is an indicator for? | socially based racial classification related to being African American, | [
"Black_people\n\nThe US racial or ethnic classification \"black\" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit c... |
5707074190286e26004fc811 | Where does the US base family history of African Americans from? | a family history associated with institutionalized slavery. | [
"Black_people\n\nThe US racial or ethnic classification \"black\" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit c... |
5707074190286e26004fc812 | How are people defined as "black" or "white"? | they fulfill the social criteria | [
"Black_people\n\nThe US racial or ethnic classification \"black\" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit c... |
570708619e06ca38007e92c5 | Why did the use of "African" become an issue? | the majority of black people in the United States were native-born | [
"Black_people\n\nBy that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term \"African\" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. ... |
570708619e06ca38007e92c6 | Why did blacks fear to identify as African? | would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. | [
"Black_people\n\nBy that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term \"African\" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. ... |
570708619e06ca38007e92c7 | What year did Black leaders call for this change in language? | 1835, | [
"Black_people\n\nBy that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term \"African\" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. ... |
570708619e06ca38007e92c8 | What group decided to keep the "African" in their name? | the African Methodist Episcopal Church | [
"Black_people\n\nBy that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term \"African\" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. ... |
570708619e06ca38007e92c9 | What terms did African Americans use instead? | "Negro" or "colored" | [
"Black_people\n\nBy that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term \"African\" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. ... |
570709ba9e06ca38007e92d9 | Who argued for Americans to use the term "African American"? | Jesse Jackson | [
"Black_people\n\nIn 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term \"African American\" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American an... |
570709ba9e06ca38007e92da | What year did Jesse Jackson make this argument? | 1988 | [
"Black_people\n\nIn 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term \"African American\" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American an... |
570709ba9e06ca38007e92db | Why did Jackson want this term to be used? | it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants | [
"Black_people\n\nIn 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term \"African American\" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American an... |
570709ba9e06ca38007e92dc | Who also argued for the term "African American"? | African-American | [
"Black_people\n\nIn 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term \"African American\" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American an... |
570709ba9e06ca38007e92dd | Why did some argue that "black" was the better term? | because "African" suggests foreignness | [
"Black_people\n\nIn 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term \"African American\" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American an... |
57070b1490286e26004fc83d | How does the U.S. census define "black" Americans? | having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa | [
"Black_people\n\nThe U.S. census race definitions says a \"black\" is a person having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as \"Black, African Am., or Negro\" or who provide written entries such as African American, Afro-American, Kenyan, Nige... |
57070b1490286e26004fc83e | What classification are given? | socio-political constructs | [
"Black_people\n\nThe U.S. census race definitions says a \"black\" is a person having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as \"Black, African Am., or Negro\" or who provide written entries such as African American, Afro-American, Kenyan, Nige... |
57070b1490286e26004fc83f | What percentage of African Americans have European ancestry? | 17–18% | [
"Black_people\n\nThe U.S. census race definitions says a \"black\" is a person having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as \"Black, African Am., or Negro\" or who provide written entries such as African American, Afro-American, Kenyan, Nige... |
57070b1490286e26004fc840 | What is the Census definition not based on? | scientific or anthropological | [
"Black_people\n\nThe U.S. census race definitions says a \"black\" is a person having origins in any of the black (sub-Saharan) racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as \"Black, African Am., or Negro\" or who provide written entries such as African American, Afro-American, Kenyan, Nige... |
57070b889e06ca38007e92ff | What did the "one-drop" rule do? | classify as black a person of any known African ancestry | [
"Black_people\n\nFrom the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more... |
57070b889e06ca38007e9300 | When was the "one-drop" rule put into place? | early 20th century. | [
"Black_people\n\nFrom the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more... |
57070b889e06ca38007e9301 | When was racial definition more flexible? | 18th and 19th centuries | [
"Black_people\n\nFrom the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more... |
57070b889e06ca38007e9302 | What war changed the way the United States looked at race? | the American Civil War | [
"Black_people\n\nFrom the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more... |
57070b889e06ca38007e9303 | When did Virginia adopt The Principle of Partus Sequitur Ventrem? | 1662 | [
"Black_people\n\nFrom the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more... |
57070cab90286e26004fc859 | How is blackness described in the US? | the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. | [
"Black_people\n\nThe concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. B... |
57070cab90286e26004fc85a | What defines "blackness"? | political orientation, culture and behavior | [
"Black_people\n\nThe concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. B... |
57070cab90286e26004fc85b | What is the opposite of "blackness"? | "acting white" | [
"Black_people\n\nThe concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. B... |
57070cab90286e26004fc85c | How does one "act white"? | black Americans are said to behave with assumed characteristics of stereotypical white Americans | [
"Black_people\n\nThe concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. B... |
57070cab90286e26004fc85d | In what regards can one "act white"? | with regard to fashion, dialect, taste in music, | [
"Black_people\n\nThe concept of blackness in the United States has been described as the degree to which one associates themselves with mainstream African-American culture, politics, and values. To a certain extent, this concept is not so much about race but more about political orientation, culture and behavior. B... |
57070d4b9e06ca38007e932d | Who described Bill Clinton as "Black"? | Toni Morrison | [
"Black_people\n\nDue to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed \"almost every trop... |
57070d4b9e06ca38007e932e | Who was offended by Clinton being referred to as black? | Christopher Hitchens | [
"Black_people\n\nDue to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed \"almost every trop... |
57070d4b9e06ca38007e932f | Who is Toni Morrison? | Nobel Prize-winning novelist | [
"Black_people\n\nDue to the often political and cultural contours of blackness in the United States, the notion of blackness can also be extended to non-black people. Toni Morrison once described Bill Clinton as the first black President of the United States, because, as she put it, he displayed \"almost every trop... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.