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56fdf50019033b140034ce03
What are other names for a control unit for a computer?
a control system or central controller)
[ "Computer\n\nThe control unit (often called a control system or central controller) manages the computer's various components; it reads and interprets (decodes) the program instructions, transforming them into control signals that activate other parts of the computer. Control systems in advanced computers may chang...
56fdf50019033b140034ce04
Reading and interpreting from a control unit is called doing what?
(decodes
[ "Computer\n\nThe control unit (often called a control system or central controller) manages the computer's various components; it reads and interprets (decodes) the program instructions, transforming them into control signals that activate other parts of the computer. Control systems in advanced computers may chang...
56fdf56519033b140034ce07
A special memory cell of a CPU is called what?
a register
[ "Computer\n\nA key component common to all CPUs is the program counter, a special memory cell (a register) that keeps track of which location in memory the next instruction is to be read from." ]
56fdf56519033b140034ce08
A register of a CPU keeps track of what?
which location in memory the next instruction is to be read from
[ "Computer\n\nA key component common to all CPUs is the program counter, a special memory cell (a register) that keeps track of which location in memory the next instruction is to be read from." ]
56fdf56519033b140034ce09
What is a component that all CPUs have?
the program counter
[ "Computer\n\nA key component common to all CPUs is the program counter, a special memory cell (a register) that keeps track of which location in memory the next instruction is to be read from." ]
56fdf63d19033b140034ce0d
In what part can the program counter be changed by calculations?
the ALU
[ "Computer\n\nSince the program counter is (conceptually) just another set of memory cells, it can be changed by calculations done in the ALU. Adding 100 to the program counter would cause the next instruction to be read from a place 100 locations further down the program. Instructions that modify the program counte...
56fdf63d19033b140034ce0e
Instructions that change the program counter are called what?
"jumps"
[ "Computer\n\nSince the program counter is (conceptually) just another set of memory cells, it can be changed by calculations done in the ALU. Adding 100 to the program counter would cause the next instruction to be read from a place 100 locations further down the program. Instructions that modify the program counte...
56fdf63d19033b140034ce0f
Loops are defined as what?
instructions that are repeated by the computer)
[ "Computer\n\nSince the program counter is (conceptually) just another set of memory cells, it can be changed by calculations done in the ALU. Adding 100 to the program counter would cause the next instruction to be read from a place 100 locations further down the program. Instructions that modify the program counte...
56fdf66f761e401900d28c63
In some CPU designs there is tinier computer called what?
microsequencer
[ "Computer\n\nThe sequence of operations that the control unit goes through to process an instruction is in itself like a short computer program, and indeed, in some more complex CPU designs, there is another yet smaller computer called a microsequencer, which runs a microcode program that causes all of these events...
56fdf66f761e401900d28c64
A microsequencer can be found in what other computer component?
CPU
[ "Computer\n\nThe sequence of operations that the control unit goes through to process an instruction is in itself like a short computer program, and indeed, in some more complex CPU designs, there is another yet smaller computer called a microsequencer, which runs a microcode program that causes all of these events...
56fdf6df761e401900d28c67
The CPU is an abbreviation for what?
central processing unit
[ "Computer\n\nThe control unit, ALU, and registers are collectively known as a central processing unit (CPU). Early CPUs were composed of many separate components but since the mid-1970s CPUs have typically been constructed on a single integrated circuit called a microprocessor." ]
56fdf6df761e401900d28c68
What 3 parts make up the CPU?
The control unit, ALU, and registers
[ "Computer\n\nThe control unit, ALU, and registers are collectively known as a central processing unit (CPU). Early CPUs were composed of many separate components but since the mid-1970s CPUs have typically been constructed on a single integrated circuit called a microprocessor." ]
56fdf6df761e401900d28c69
CPUs that are constructed on a single integrated circuit are called what?
a microprocessor
[ "Computer\n\nThe control unit, ALU, and registers are collectively known as a central processing unit (CPU). Early CPUs were composed of many separate components but since the mid-1970s CPUs have typically been constructed on a single integrated circuit called a microprocessor." ]
56fdf6df761e401900d28c6a
Since when have CPUs been constructed with a microprocessor?
mid-1970s
[ "Computer\n\nThe control unit, ALU, and registers are collectively known as a central processing unit (CPU). Early CPUs were composed of many separate components but since the mid-1970s CPUs have typically been constructed on a single integrated circuit called a microprocessor." ]
56fdf722761e401900d28c6f
Some trigonometry functions are what?
sine, cosine,
[ "Computer\n\nThe set of arithmetic operations that a particular ALU supports may be limited to addition and subtraction, or might include multiplication, division, trigonometry functions such as sine, cosine, etc., and square roots. Some can only operate on whole numbers (integers) whilst others use floating point ...
56fdf722761e401900d28c70
The term for whole numbers is what?
(integers
[ "Computer\n\nThe set of arithmetic operations that a particular ALU supports may be limited to addition and subtraction, or might include multiplication, division, trigonometry functions such as sine, cosine, etc., and square roots. Some can only operate on whole numbers (integers) whilst others use floating point ...
56fdf73719033b140034ce13
Boolean logic consists of what?
AND, OR, XOR, and NOT
[ "Computer\n\nLogic operations involve Boolean logic: AND, OR, XOR, and NOT. These can be useful for creating complicated conditional statements and processing boolean logic." ]
56fdf762761e401900d28c73
Computers that have multiple ALUs are called what?
Superscalar
[ "Computer\n\nSuperscalar computers may contain multiple ALUs, allowing them to process several instructions simultaneously. Graphics processors and computers with SIMD and MIMD features often contain ALUs that can perform arithmetic on vectors and matrices." ]
56fdf80d761e401900d28c75
How many numbers can a cell of a computer's memory hold?
a single number
[ "Computer\n\nA computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered \"address\" and can store a single number. The computer can be instructed to \"put the number 123 into the cell numbered 1357\" or to \"add the number that is in cell 1357 to the numb...
56fdf80d761e401900d28c76
What is the responsibility of giving significance to what the memory sees as nothing but numbers?
the software's
[ "Computer\n\nA computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered \"address\" and can store a single number. The computer can be instructed to \"put the number 123 into the cell numbered 1357\" or to \"add the number that is in cell 1357 to the numb...
56fdf85a761e401900d28c79
A group of 8 bits is called what?
a byte
[ "Computer\n\nIn almost all modern computers, each memory cell is set up to store binary numbers in groups of eight bits (called a byte). Each byte is able to represent 256 different numbers (28 = 256); either from 0 to 255 or −128 to +127. To store larger numbers, several consecutive bytes may be used (typically, t...
56fdf85a761e401900d28c7a
How many numbers can a byte represent?
256 different numbers
[ "Computer\n\nIn almost all modern computers, each memory cell is set up to store binary numbers in groups of eight bits (called a byte). Each byte is able to represent 256 different numbers (28 = 256); either from 0 to 255 or −128 to +127. To store larger numbers, several consecutive bytes may be used (typically, t...
56fdf85a761e401900d28c7b
What is the range of the numbers that a byte can represent?
0 to 255 or −128 to +127
[ "Computer\n\nIn almost all modern computers, each memory cell is set up to store binary numbers in groups of eight bits (called a byte). Each byte is able to represent 256 different numbers (28 = 256); either from 0 to 255 or −128 to +127. To store larger numbers, several consecutive bytes may be used (typically, t...
56fdf89e761e401900d28c7f
What part of the computer has memory cells called registers?
The CPU
[ "Computer\n\nThe CPU contains a special set of memory cells called registers that can be read and written to much more rapidly than the main memory area. There are typically between two and one hundred registers depending on the type of CPU. Registers are used for the most frequently needed data items to avoid havi...
56fdf89e761e401900d28c80
What is the typical range of registers for a CPU?
two and one hundred registers
[ "Computer\n\nThe CPU contains a special set of memory cells called registers that can be read and written to much more rapidly than the main memory area. There are typically between two and one hundred registers depending on the type of CPU. Registers are used for the most frequently needed data items to avoid havi...
56fdf9de19033b140034ce15
What type of memory can a CPU only read from?
ROM
[ "Computer\n\nRAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is preloaded with data and software that never changes, therefore the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to ...
56fdf9de19033b140034ce16
What type of memory can a CPU read and write from?
RAM
[ "Computer\n\nRAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is preloaded with data and software that never changes, therefore the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to ...
56fdf9de19033b140034ce17
What type of memory is always kept and kept the same?
ROM
[ "Computer\n\nRAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is preloaded with data and software that never changes, therefore the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to ...
56fdf9de19033b140034ce18
A progam inside the ROM of a PC is called what?
the BIOS
[ "Computer\n\nRAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is preloaded with data and software that never changes, therefore the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to ...
56fdf9de19033b140034ce19
Software stored in ROM is called what usually?
firmware,
[ "Computer\n\nRAM can be read and written to anytime the CPU commands it, but ROM is preloaded with data and software that never changes, therefore the CPU can only read from it. ROM is typically used to store the computer's initial start-up instructions. In general, the contents of RAM are erased when the power to ...
56fdfa03761e401900d28c83
RAM cache memory is slower than what?
registers
[ "Computer\n\nIn more sophisticated computers there may be one or more RAM cache memories, which are slower than registers but faster than main memory. Generally computers with this sort of cache are designed to move frequently needed data into the cache automatically, often without the need for any intervention on ...
56fdfa85761e401900d28c85
Devices that give input or output to a computer are called what?
peripherals
[ "Computer\n\nI/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and print...
56fdfa85761e401900d28c86
A mouse is what type of peripheral device?
input
[ "Computer\n\nI/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and print...
56fdfa85761e401900d28c87
A printer is what type of peripheral device?
output
[ "Computer\n\nI/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and print...
56fdfa85761e401900d28c88
Hard disk drives are what type of peripheral device?
input and output
[ "Computer\n\nI/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and print...
56fdfa85761e401900d28c89
A keyboard is what type of peripheral device?
input
[ "Computer\n\nI/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world. Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called peripherals. On a typical personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and print...
56fdfad119033b140034ce1f
In computer terms, when a computer is switching rapidly between running each program in turn, is called what?
multitasking
[ "Computer\n\nWhile a computer may be viewed as running one gigantic program stored in its main memory, in some systems it is necessary to give the appearance of running several programs simultaneously. This is achieved by multitasking i.e. having the computer switch rapidly between running each program in turn." ]
56fdfb9219033b140034ce21
A method of multitasking that takes a "slice" of time in turn is called what?
"time-sharing"
[ "Computer\n\nOne means by which this is done is with a special signal called an interrupt, which can periodically cause the computer to stop executing instructions where it was and do something else instead. By remembering where it was executing prior to the interrupt, the computer can return to that task later. If...
56fdfb9219033b140034ce22
A signal that stops a compute executing instructions is called what?
an interrupt,
[ "Computer\n\nOne means by which this is done is with a special signal called an interrupt, which can periodically cause the computer to stop executing instructions where it was and do something else instead. By remembering where it was executing prior to the interrupt, the computer can return to that task later. If...
56fdfbee19033b140034ce25
Multitasking would seemingly cause a computer to run in what fashion?
more slowly,
[ "Computer\n\nSeemingly, multitasking would cause a computer that is switching between several programs to run more slowly, in direct proportion to the number of programs it is running, but most programs spend much of their time waiting for slow input/output devices to complete their tasks. If a program is waiting f...
56fdfbee19033b140034ce26
What do a lot of programs spend time waiting for?
input/output devices
[ "Computer\n\nSeemingly, multitasking would cause a computer that is switching between several programs to run more slowly, in direct proportion to the number of programs it is running, but most programs spend much of their time waiting for slow input/output devices to complete their tasks. If a program is waiting f...
56fdfc2c761e401900d28c8f
Multiprocessor and multi-core computers have multiples of what?
CPUs
[ "Computer\n\nSome computers are designed to distribute their work across several CPUs in a multiprocessing configuration, a technique once employed only in large and powerful machines such as supercomputers, mainframe computers and servers. Multiprocessor and multi-core (multiple CPUs on a single integrated circuit...
56fdfd72761e401900d28c91
How many CPUs do supercomputers typically possess?
thousands
[ "Computer\n\nSupercomputers in particular often have highly unique architectures that differ significantly from the basic stored-program architecture and from general purpose computers. They often feature thousands of CPUs, customized high-speed interconnects, and specialized computing hardware. Such designs tend t...
56fdfd72761e401900d28c92
What is the name of a computer that has many CPUs and much more powerful?
Supercomputers
[ "Computer\n\nSupercomputers in particular often have highly unique architectures that differ significantly from the basic stored-program architecture and from general purpose computers. They often feature thousands of CPUs, customized high-speed interconnects, and specialized computing hardware. Such designs tend t...
56fe00a519033b140034ce29
What system of the U.S. military's was the first large-scale system to coordinate information between several locations?
SAGE system
[ "Computer\n\nComputers have been used to coordinate information between multiple locations since the 1950s. The U.S. military's SAGE system was the first large-scale example of such a system, which led to a number of special-purpose commercial systems such as Sabre." ]
56fe00a519033b140034ce2a
When were computers first used to coordinate information between many locations?
the 1950s
[ "Computer\n\nComputers have been used to coordinate information between multiple locations since the 1950s. The U.S. military's SAGE system was the first large-scale example of such a system, which led to a number of special-purpose commercial systems such as Sabre." ]
56fe00e019033b140034ce2d
ARPA is now known as what?
DARPA)
[ "Computer\n\nIn the 1970s, computer engineers at research institutions throughout the United States began to link their computers together using telecommunications technology. The effort was funded by ARPA (now DARPA), and the computer network that resulted was called the ARPANET. The technologies that made the Arp...
56fe00e019033b140034ce2e
Who funded the linking of computers around the US in the 1970s?
ARPA
[ "Computer\n\nIn the 1970s, computer engineers at research institutions throughout the United States began to link their computers together using telecommunications technology. The effort was funded by ARPA (now DARPA), and the computer network that resulted was called the ARPANET. The technologies that made the Arp...
56fe0112761e401900d28c95
The network spread to be known as what today?
the Internet.
[ "Computer\n\nIn time, the network spread beyond academic and military institutions and became known as the Internet. The emergence of networking involved a redefinition of the nature and boundaries of the computer. Computer operating systems and applications were modified to include the ability to define and access...
56fe016d761e401900d28c97
The ability to store and execute lists of instructions are called what?
programs
[ "Computer\n\nThe ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile, distinguishing them from calculators. The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a minimum capability (being Turing-complete) is, in principle, ca...
56fe016d761e401900d28c98
The mathematical statement of computers versatility is known as what?
The Church–Turing thesis
[ "Computer\n\nThe ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs makes computers extremely versatile, distinguishing them from calculators. The Church–Turing thesis is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a minimum capability (being Turing-complete) is, in principle, ca...
56fe01af19033b140034ce31
All devices that can process information can qualify being called what?
a computer
[ "Computer\n\nA computer does not need to be electronic, nor even have a processor, nor RAM, nor even a hard disk. While popular usage of the word \"computer\" is synonymous with a personal electronic computer, the modern definition of a computer is literally: \"A device that computes, especially a programmable [usu...
56fe022c19033b140034ce33
Vacuum tubes in early computers were replaced by what?
transistors
[ "Computer\n\nHistorically, computers evolved from mechanical computers and eventually from vacuum tubes to transistors. However, conceptually computational systems as flexible as a personal computer can be built out of almost anything. For example, a computer can be made out of billiard balls (billiard ball compute...
56fe022c19033b140034ce34
Transistors are typically made up of what today?
photolithographed semiconductors
[ "Computer\n\nHistorically, computers evolved from mechanical computers and eventually from vacuum tubes to transistors. However, conceptually computational systems as flexible as a personal computer can be built out of almost anything. For example, a computer can be made out of billiard balls (billiard ball compute...
56fe022c19033b140034ce35
A computer that is made using pool balls is known as what?
billiard ball computer)
[ "Computer\n\nHistorically, computers evolved from mechanical computers and eventually from vacuum tubes to transistors. However, conceptually computational systems as flexible as a personal computer can be built out of almost anything. For example, a computer can be made out of billiard balls (billiard ball compute...
56fe0329761e401900d28c9b
What type of computer can break encryption algorithms quickly?
quantum computers
[ "Computer\n\nThere is active research to make computers out of many promising new types of technology, such as optical computers, DNA computers, neural computers, and quantum computers. Most computers are universal, and are able to calculate any computable function, and are limited only by their memory capacity and...
56fe0329761e401900d28c9c
By what method do quantum computers solve encryption algorithms quickly?
quantum factoring
[ "Computer\n\nThere is active research to make computers out of many promising new types of technology, such as optical computers, DNA computers, neural computers, and quantum computers. Most computers are universal, and are able to calculate any computable function, and are limited only by their memory capacity and...
56fe034c19033b140034ce39
Computer programs that can learn are studied in what field?
artificial intelligence
[ "Computer\n\nA computer will solve problems in exactly the way it is programmed to, without regard to efficiency, alternative solutions, possible shortcuts, or possible errors in the code. Computer programs that learn and adapt are part of the emerging field of artificial intelligence and machine learning." ]
56fe037c19033b140034ce3b
Parts of a computer that are real objects are collectively known as what?
hardware
[ "Computer\n\nThe term hardware covers all of those parts of a computer that are tangible objects. Circuits, displays, power supplies, cables, keyboards, printers and mice are all hardware." ]
56fe03d5761e401900d28c9f
Parts of a computer that are not material objects are collectively known as what?
Software
[ "Computer\n\nSoftware refers to parts of the computer which do not have a material form, such as programs, data, protocols, etc. When software is stored in hardware that cannot easily be modified (such as BIOS ROM in an IBM PC compatible), it is sometimes called \"firmware\"." ]
56fe03d5761e401900d28ca0
Software stored in hardware that cannot be changed easily is called what?
firmware
[ "Computer\n\nSoftware refers to parts of the computer which do not have a material form, such as programs, data, protocols, etc. When software is stored in hardware that cannot easily be modified (such as BIOS ROM in an IBM PC compatible), it is sometimes called \"firmware\"." ]
56fe03d5761e401900d28ca1
What type of "ware" is a BIOS ROM in a PC?
software
[ "Computer\n\nSoftware refers to parts of the computer which do not have a material form, such as programs, data, protocols, etc. When software is stored in hardware that cannot easily be modified (such as BIOS ROM in an IBM PC compatible), it is sometimes called \"firmware\"." ]
56fe0408761e401900d28ca5
A BIOS chip is located where in a computer?
the motherboard
[ "Computer\n\nFirmware is the technology which has the combination of both hardware and software such as BIOS chip inside a computer. This chip (hardware) is located on the motherboard and has the BIOS set up (software) stored in it." ]
56fe0408761e401900d28ca6
What type of software is stored in a BIOS chip?
BIOS set up
[ "Computer\n\nFirmware is the technology which has the combination of both hardware and software such as BIOS chip inside a computer. This chip (hardware) is located on the motherboard and has the BIOS set up (software) stored in it." ]
56fe044419033b140034ce3d
Processing data from input and output devices is typically done by what?
CPU
[ "Computer\n\nWhen unprocessed data is sent to the computer with the help of input devices, the data is processed and sent to output devices. The input devices may be hand-operated or automated. The act of processing is mainly regulated by the CPU. Some examples of hand-operated input devices are:" ]
56fe044419033b140034ce3e
Where is the data from input devices sent to after being processed?
output devices
[ "Computer\n\nWhen unprocessed data is sent to the computer with the help of input devices, the data is processed and sent to output devices. The input devices may be hand-operated or automated. The act of processing is mainly regulated by the CPU. Some examples of hand-operated input devices are:" ]
5705ca3352bb89140068962e
Do some countries have negative feelings towards the word "black"?
communities and countries, "black" is also perceived as a derogatory,
[ "Black_people\n\nBlack people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations. As such, the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within soci...
5705ca3352bb89140068962f
What is "black people" a term for?
racial classification or of ethnicity
[ "Black_people\n\nBlack people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations. As such, the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within soci...
5705ca3352bb891400689630
Do all regions perceive that term "black people" the same?
the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies
[ "Black_people\n\nBlack people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations. As such, the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within soci...
5705ca3352bb891400689631
Do some cultures not use the term "Black people"?
, "black" is also perceived as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label,
[ "Black_people\n\nBlack people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations. As such, the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within soci...
5705ca3352bb891400689632
Can the term "black people" have different meanings?
the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies, and depends significantly on context.
[ "Black_people\n\nBlack people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations. As such, the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within soci...
5706477d75f01819005e7af4
Do all societies use the term "black" the same?
Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as "black"
[ "Black_people\n\nDifferent societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as \"black\", and these social constructs have also changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for \"blackness\" vary. For example, in N...
5706477d75f01819005e7af5
What factors can affect the classification of "blackness"?
societal variables
[ "Black_people\n\nDifferent societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as \"black\", and these social constructs have also changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for \"blackness\" vary. For example, in N...
5706477d75f01819005e7af6
Are mixed race people classified as black?
mixed-race people are generally not classified as "black."
[ "Black_people\n\nDifferent societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as \"black\", and these social constructs have also changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for \"blackness\" vary. For example, in N...
5706477d75f01819005e7af7
How is the term "black" defined in the United States?
it is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a family history associated with institutionalized slavery.
[ "Black_people\n\nDifferent societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as \"black\", and these social constructs have also changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for \"blackness\" vary. For example, in N...
5706477d75f01819005e7af8
How did European Colonists use the term "Black"?
European colonists applied the term "black" or it was used by populations with different histories and ethnic origin.
[ "Black_people\n\nDifferent societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as \"black\", and these social constructs have also changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for \"blackness\" vary. For example, in N...
5706480975f01819005e7afe
What made up Mauretania?
Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla
[ "Black_people\n\nThe Romans interacted with and later conquered parts of Mauretania, an early state that covered modern Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla during the classical period. The people of the region were noted in Classical literature as Mauri, which was subsequently rendere...
5706480975f01819005e7aff
Who conquered parts of Mauretania?
The Romans
[ "Black_people\n\nThe Romans interacted with and later conquered parts of Mauretania, an early state that covered modern Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla during the classical period. The people of the region were noted in Classical literature as Mauri, which was subsequently rendere...
5706480975f01819005e7b00
During what period did Mauretania exist?
the classical period.
[ "Black_people\n\nThe Romans interacted with and later conquered parts of Mauretania, an early state that covered modern Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla during the classical period. The people of the region were noted in Classical literature as Mauri, which was subsequently rendere...
5706480975f01819005e7b01
Where were the people of the region noted?
in Classical literature
[ "Black_people\n\nThe Romans interacted with and later conquered parts of Mauretania, an early state that covered modern Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla during the classical period. The people of the region were noted in Classical literature as Mauri, which was subsequently rendere...
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What is Mauri in English?
Moors
[ "Black_people\n\nThe Romans interacted with and later conquered parts of Mauretania, an early state that covered modern Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla during the classical period. The people of the region were noted in Classical literature as Mauri, which was subsequently rendere...
5706498475f01819005e7b08
Where was the Arab Slave Trade?
North Africa
[ "Black_people\n\nNumerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. Others are descendants of the historical Trans-Saharan trade in peoples and/or, and after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, descendants of slaves from the Arab Sl...
5706498475f01819005e7b09
When were the Arab Invasions?
the 7th century
[ "Black_people\n\nNumerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. Others are descendants of the historical Trans-Saharan trade in peoples and/or, and after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, descendants of slaves from the Arab Sl...
5706498475f01819005e7b0a
Where were numerous dark-skinned communities?
North Africa
[ "Black_people\n\nNumerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. Others are descendants of the historical Trans-Saharan trade in peoples and/or, and after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, descendants of slaves from the Arab Sl...
5706498475f01819005e7b0b
When did these communities begin?
some dating from prehistoric communities.
[ "Black_people\n\nNumerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. Others are descendants of the historical Trans-Saharan trade in peoples and/or, and after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, descendants of slaves from the Arab Sl...
5706498475f01819005e7b0c
Who are they descendants of?
Trans-Saharan trade in peoples
[ "Black_people\n\nNumerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. Others are descendants of the historical Trans-Saharan trade in peoples and/or, and after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, descendants of slaves from the Arab Sl...
57064c4575f01819005e7b1a
When did Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail live?
(1672–1727)
[ "Black_people\n\nIn the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail \"the Bloodthirsty\" (1672–1727) raised a corps of 150,000 black slaves, called his Black Guard, who coerced the country into submission." ]
57064c4575f01819005e7b1b
How many black slaves did he own?
150,000
[ "Black_people\n\nIn the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail \"the Bloodthirsty\" (1672–1727) raised a corps of 150,000 black slaves, called his Black Guard, who coerced the country into submission." ]
57064c4575f01819005e7b1c
What did he call his slave army?
Black Guard
[ "Black_people\n\nIn the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail \"the Bloodthirsty\" (1672–1727) raised a corps of 150,000 black slaves, called his Black Guard, who coerced the country into submission." ]
57064c4575f01819005e7b1d
What did the Black Guard do?
coerced the country into submission.
[ "Black_people\n\nIn the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail \"the Bloodthirsty\" (1672–1727) raised a corps of 150,000 black slaves, called his Black Guard, who coerced the country into submission." ]
57064c4575f01819005e7b1e
When did the Black Guard exist?
In the 18th century
[ "Black_people\n\nIn the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail \"the Bloodthirsty\" (1672–1727) raised a corps of 150,000 black slaves, called his Black Guard, who coerced the country into submission." ]
57064d0675f01819005e7b24
Why would a black-looking Arab consider himself white?
because they have some distant white ancestry.
[ "Black_people\n\nAccording to Dr. Carlos Moore, resident scholar at Brazil's University of the State of Bahia, in the 21st century Afro-multiracials in the Arab world, including Arabs in North Africa, self-identify in ways that resemble multi-racials in Latin America. He claims that black-looking Arabs, much like b...
57064d0675f01819005e7b25
Where does Dr. Carlos Moore work?
Brazil's University of the State of Bahia
[ "Black_people\n\nAccording to Dr. Carlos Moore, resident scholar at Brazil's University of the State of Bahia, in the 21st century Afro-multiracials in the Arab world, including Arabs in North Africa, self-identify in ways that resemble multi-racials in Latin America. He claims that black-looking Arabs, much like b...
57064d0675f01819005e7b26
How do Afro-multiracials identify in the 21st century?
in ways that resemble multi-racials
[ "Black_people\n\nAccording to Dr. Carlos Moore, resident scholar at Brazil's University of the State of Bahia, in the 21st century Afro-multiracials in the Arab world, including Arabs in North Africa, self-identify in ways that resemble multi-racials in Latin America. He claims that black-looking Arabs, much like b...
57064d8c52bb8914006899ce
Who was the Egyptian President?
Anwar Sadat
[ "Black_people\n\nEgyptian President Anwar Sadat had a mother who was a dark-skinned Nubian Sudanese woman and a father who was a lighter-skinned Egyptian. In response to an advertisement for an acting position, as a young man he said, \"I am not white but I am not exactly black either. My blackness is tending to re...
57064d8c52bb8914006899d0
What ethnicity was his father?
Egyptian
[ "Black_people\n\nEgyptian President Anwar Sadat had a mother who was a dark-skinned Nubian Sudanese woman and a father who was a lighter-skinned Egyptian. In response to an advertisement for an acting position, as a young man he said, \"I am not white but I am not exactly black either. My blackness is tending to re...
57064d8c52bb8914006899d1
What color did he refer to himself as?
reddish
[ "Black_people\n\nEgyptian President Anwar Sadat had a mother who was a dark-skinned Nubian Sudanese woman and a father who was a lighter-skinned Egyptian. In response to an advertisement for an acting position, as a young man he said, \"I am not white but I am not exactly black either. My blackness is tending to re...
57064fb952bb8914006899d6
Who was enslaved more often?
black women
[ "Black_people\n\nDue to the patriarchal nature of Arab society, Arab men, including during the slave trade in North Africa, enslaved more black women than men. They used more black female slaves in domestic service and agriculture than males. The men interpreted the Qur'an to permit sexual relations between a male ...
57064fb952bb8914006899d7
What were female slaves used for?
domestic service and agriculture
[ "Black_people\n\nDue to the patriarchal nature of Arab society, Arab men, including during the slave trade in North Africa, enslaved more black women than men. They used more black female slaves in domestic service and agriculture than males. The men interpreted the Qur'an to permit sexual relations between a male ...
57064fb952bb8914006899d8
What did the Qur'an permit?
sexual relations between a male master and his female slave
[ "Black_people\n\nDue to the patriarchal nature of Arab society, Arab men, including during the slave trade in North Africa, enslaved more black women than men. They used more black female slaves in domestic service and agriculture than males. The men interpreted the Qur'an to permit sexual relations between a male ...