id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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570d4c0efed7b91900d45e28 | What did General von Bredow lead a charge against at the Battle of Mars-la-Tour? | a French artillery battery | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nAt the Battle of Mars-la-Tours, the Prussian 12th Cavalry Brigade, commanded by General Adalbert von Bredow, conducted a charge against a French artillery battery. The attack was a costly success and came to be known as \"von Bredow's Death Ride\", which was held to prove that cavalry charge... |
570d4c0efed7b91900d45e29 | What did von Bredow's Pyrrhic victory become known as? | von Bredow's Death Ride | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nAt the Battle of Mars-la-Tours, the Prussian 12th Cavalry Brigade, commanded by General Adalbert von Bredow, conducted a charge against a French artillery battery. The attack was a costly success and came to be known as \"von Bredow's Death Ride\", which was held to prove that cavalry charge... |
570d4c0efed7b91900d45e2a | What military tactic proved to be unsuccessful on the 1914 battlefields? | Use of traditional cavalry | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nAt the Battle of Mars-la-Tours, the Prussian 12th Cavalry Brigade, commanded by General Adalbert von Bredow, conducted a charge against a French artillery battery. The attack was a costly success and came to be known as \"von Bredow's Death Ride\", which was held to prove that cavalry charge... |
570d4c0efed7b91900d45e2b | What was one of two factors that led von Bredow's narrow success on the battlefield? | favorable terrain that masked his approach | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nAt the Battle of Mars-la-Tours, the Prussian 12th Cavalry Brigade, commanded by General Adalbert von Bredow, conducted a charge against a French artillery battery. The attack was a costly success and came to be known as \"von Bredow's Death Ride\", which was held to prove that cavalry charge... |
570d4d53fed7b91900d45e43 | In which Prussian province did a large Polish population reside? | Posen | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nIn the Prussian province of Posen, with a large Polish population, there was strong support for the French and angry demonstrations at news of Prussian-German victories—a clear manifestation of Polish nationalist feeling. Calls were also made for Polish recruits to desert from the Prussian A... |
570d4d53fed7b91900d45e44 | What was there strong support of in Posen? | the French | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nIn the Prussian province of Posen, with a large Polish population, there was strong support for the French and angry demonstrations at news of Prussian-German victories—a clear manifestation of Polish nationalist feeling. Calls were also made for Polish recruits to desert from the Prussian A... |
570d4d53fed7b91900d45e45 | What calls were made for the Polish recruits? | to desert from the Prussian Army | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nIn the Prussian province of Posen, with a large Polish population, there was strong support for the French and angry demonstrations at news of Prussian-German victories—a clear manifestation of Polish nationalist feeling. Calls were also made for Polish recruits to desert from the Prussian A... |
570d4d53fed7b91900d45e46 | On what date did Bismarkck receive the disturbing report on the Posen situation? | 16 August 1870 | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nIn the Prussian province of Posen, with a large Polish population, there was strong support for the French and angry demonstrations at news of Prussian-German victories—a clear manifestation of Polish nationalist feeling. Calls were also made for Polish recruits to desert from the Prussian A... |
570d4d53fed7b91900d45e47 | What significant consequence was a result of German-Polish relations? | prolonged period of repressive measures | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nIn the Prussian province of Posen, with a large Polish population, there was strong support for the French and angry demonstrations at news of Prussian-German victories—a clear manifestation of Polish nationalist feeling. Calls were also made for Polish recruits to desert from the Prussian A... |
570d4eb5b3d812140066d677 | What are the causes of the Franco-Prussian War deeply rooted in? | the unification of Germany | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe causes of the Franco-Prussian War are deeply rooted in the events surrounding the unification of Germany. In the aftermath of the Austro–Prussian War of 1866, Prussia had annexed numerous territories and formed the North German Confederation. This new power destabilized the European bala... |
570d4eb5b3d812140066d678 | In the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian war, formed what group? | North German Confederation | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe causes of the Franco-Prussian War are deeply rooted in the events surrounding the unification of Germany. In the aftermath of the Austro–Prussian War of 1866, Prussia had annexed numerous territories and formed the North German Confederation. This new power destabilized the European bala... |
570d4eb5b3d812140066d679 | What was the effect of that new group on the European balance of power? | new power destabilized | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe causes of the Franco-Prussian War are deeply rooted in the events surrounding the unification of Germany. In the aftermath of the Austro–Prussian War of 1866, Prussia had annexed numerous territories and formed the North German Confederation. This new power destabilized the European bala... |
570d4eb5b3d812140066d67a | What established the European balance of power in 1815? | the Congress of Vienna | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe causes of the Franco-Prussian War are deeply rooted in the events surrounding the unification of Germany. In the aftermath of the Austro–Prussian War of 1866, Prussia had annexed numerous territories and formed the North German Confederation. This new power destabilized the European bala... |
570d4eb5b3d812140066d67b | As Prussia sought to incorporated several German kingdoms, what stance did France assume? | strongly opposed to any further alliance of German states | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe causes of the Franco-Prussian War are deeply rooted in the events surrounding the unification of Germany. In the aftermath of the Austro–Prussian War of 1866, Prussia had annexed numerous territories and formed the North German Confederation. This new power destabilized the European bala... |
570d502db3d812140066d69d | In peacetime, what the approximate number of French soldiers? | 400,000 | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French Army consisted in peacetime of approximately 400,000 soldiers, some of them regulars, others conscripts who until 1869 served the comparatively long period of seven years with the colours. Some of them were veterans of previous French campaigns in the Crimean War, Algeria, the Fra... |
570d502db3d812140066d69e | Veterans of the French Army had prviously fought in which war in Italy? | the Franco-Austrian War | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French Army consisted in peacetime of approximately 400,000 soldiers, some of them regulars, others conscripts who until 1869 served the comparatively long period of seven years with the colours. Some of them were veterans of previous French campaigns in the Crimean War, Algeria, the Fra... |
570d502db3d812140066d69f | The "Seven Weeks War" was between which two countries? | Prussia and Austria | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French Army consisted in peacetime of approximately 400,000 soldiers, some of them regulars, others conscripts who until 1869 served the comparatively long period of seven years with the colours. Some of them were veterans of previous French campaigns in the Crimean War, Algeria, the Fra... |
570d502db3d812140066d6a0 | Who reformed the low numbers of troops by implementing universal conscription? | Marshal Adolphe Niel | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French Army consisted in peacetime of approximately 400,000 soldiers, some of them regulars, others conscripts who until 1869 served the comparatively long period of seven years with the colours. Some of them were veterans of previous French campaigns in the Crimean War, Algeria, the Fra... |
570d502db3d812140066d6a1 | If a citizen was for some reason not conscripted, in what militia were they were registered? | the Garde Mobile | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French Army consisted in peacetime of approximately 400,000 soldiers, some of them regulars, others conscripts who until 1869 served the comparatively long period of seven years with the colours. Some of them were veterans of previous French campaigns in the Crimean War, Algeria, the Fra... |
570d5595b3d812140066d6e3 | What entity controlled the Prussian army? | the General Staff | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian army was controlled by the General Staff, under Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke. The Prussian army was unique in Europe for having the only such organisation in existence, whose purpose in peacetime was to prepare the overall war strategy, and in wartime to direct operational m... |
570d5595b3d812140066d6e4 | Who commanded the General Staff? | Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian army was controlled by the General Staff, under Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke. The Prussian army was unique in Europe for having the only such organisation in existence, whose purpose in peacetime was to prepare the overall war strategy, and in wartime to direct operational m... |
570d5595b3d812140066d6e5 | What was the unique purpose of the Prussian Army during peacetime? | to prepare the overall war strategy | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian army was controlled by the General Staff, under Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke. The Prussian army was unique in Europe for having the only such organisation in existence, whose purpose in peacetime was to prepare the overall war strategy, and in wartime to direct operational m... |
570d5595b3d812140066d6e6 | The officers of the General Staff were hand-selected from which place? | Prussian Kriegsakademie (War Academy) | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian army was controlled by the General Staff, under Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke. The Prussian army was unique in Europe for having the only such organisation in existence, whose purpose in peacetime was to prepare the overall war strategy, and in wartime to direct operational m... |
570d5595b3d812140066d6e7 | What new technologies in particular were courted by Moltke? | the railroad and telegraph | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian army was controlled by the General Staff, under Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke. The Prussian army was unique in Europe for having the only such organisation in existence, whose purpose in peacetime was to prepare the overall war strategy, and in wartime to direct operational m... |
570d567ffed7b91900d45ec1 | On which date did Frossard's and Bazaines's troops cross the German border? | 2 August | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nGeneral Frossard's II Corps and Marshal Bazaine's III Corps crossed the German border on 2 August, and began to force the Prussian 40th Regiment of the 16th Infantry Division from the town of Saarbrücken with a series of direct attacks. The Chassepot rifle proved its worth against the Dreyse... |
570d567ffed7b91900d45ec2 | Which regiment did their respective corps force from the town of Saarbrucken? | the Prussian 40th Regiment of the 16th Infantry Division | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nGeneral Frossard's II Corps and Marshal Bazaine's III Corps crossed the German border on 2 August, and began to force the Prussian 40th Regiment of the 16th Infantry Division from the town of Saarbrücken with a series of direct attacks. The Chassepot rifle proved its worth against the Dreyse... |
570d567ffed7b91900d45ec3 | What proved its worth against the Dreyse rifle? | The Chassepot rifle | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nGeneral Frossard's II Corps and Marshal Bazaine's III Corps crossed the German border on 2 August, and began to force the Prussian 40th Regiment of the 16th Infantry Division from the town of Saarbrücken with a series of direct attacks. The Chassepot rifle proved its worth against the Dreyse... |
570d567ffed7b91900d45ec4 | How many casualties did the French suffer at Saarbrucken? | 86 casualties | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nGeneral Frossard's II Corps and Marshal Bazaine's III Corps crossed the German border on 2 August, and began to force the Prussian 40th Regiment of the 16th Infantry Division from the town of Saarbrücken with a series of direct attacks. The Chassepot rifle proved its worth against the Dreyse... |
570d567ffed7b91900d45ec5 | How many casualties did the Prussians suffer at Saarbrucken? | 83 casualties | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nGeneral Frossard's II Corps and Marshal Bazaine's III Corps crossed the German border on 2 August, and began to force the Prussian 40th Regiment of the 16th Infantry Division from the town of Saarbrücken with a series of direct attacks. The Chassepot rifle proved its worth against the Dreyse... |
570d5904fed7b91900d45ee7 | What diplomatic crisis was Bismarck credited with skillfully creating? | succession to the Spanish throne | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nAccording to some historians, Bismarck adroitly created a diplomatic crisis over the succession to the Spanish throne, then edited a dispatch about a meeting between King William of Prussia and the French ambassador, to make it appear that the French had been insulted. The French press and p... |
570d5904fed7b91900d45ee8 | A dispatch was edited about a meeting between the French ambassador and what Prussian king? | King William | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nAccording to some historians, Bismarck adroitly created a diplomatic crisis over the succession to the Spanish throne, then edited a dispatch about a meeting between King William of Prussia and the French ambassador, to make it appear that the French had been insulted. The French press and p... |
570d5904fed7b91900d45ee9 | What was the purpose of editing the dispatch? | to make it appear that the French had been insulted | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nAccording to some historians, Bismarck adroitly created a diplomatic crisis over the succession to the Spanish throne, then edited a dispatch about a meeting between King William of Prussia and the French ambassador, to make it appear that the French had been insulted. The French press and p... |
570d5904fed7b91900d45eea | On which date did the French parliament vote to declare war on Prussia? | 16 July 1870 | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nAccording to some historians, Bismarck adroitly created a diplomatic crisis over the succession to the Spanish throne, then edited a dispatch about a meeting between King William of Prussia and the French ambassador, to make it appear that the French had been insulted. The French press and p... |
570d5904fed7b91900d45eeb | Where did the quickly mobilised troops first invade in France? | northeastern France | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nAccording to some historians, Bismarck adroitly created a diplomatic crisis over the succession to the Spanish throne, then edited a dispatch about a meeting between King William of Prussia and the French ambassador, to make it appear that the French had been insulted. The French press and p... |
570d5a0cfed7b91900d45ef1 | Which town's people surrendered to the Germans? | Wissembourg | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe fighting within the town had become extremely intense, becoming a door to door battle of survival. Despite a never-ending attack of Prussian infantry, the soldiers of the 2nd Division kept to their positions. The people of the town of Wissembourg finally surrendered to the Germans. The F... |
570d5a0cfed7b91900d45ef2 | In which direction did the French troops who did not surrender head? | westward | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe fighting within the town had become extremely intense, becoming a door to door battle of survival. Despite a never-ending attack of Prussian infantry, the soldiers of the 2nd Division kept to their positions. The people of the town of Wissembourg finally surrendered to the Germans. The F... |
570d5a0dfed7b91900d45ef3 | How many dead troops leave behind? | 1,000 dead | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe fighting within the town had become extremely intense, becoming a door to door battle of survival. Despite a never-ending attack of Prussian infantry, the soldiers of the 2nd Division kept to their positions. The people of the town of Wissembourg finally surrendered to the Germans. The F... |
570d5a0dfed7b91900d45ef4 | How many prisoners did the French leave behind? | 1,000 prisoners | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe fighting within the town had become extremely intense, becoming a door to door battle of survival. Despite a never-ending attack of Prussian infantry, the soldiers of the 2nd Division kept to their positions. The people of the town of Wissembourg finally surrendered to the Germans. The F... |
570d5a0dfed7b91900d45ef5 | What weapon once again increased the effectiveness of the infantry attacks? | French Chassepot | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe fighting within the town had become extremely intense, becoming a door to door battle of survival. Despite a never-ending attack of Prussian infantry, the soldiers of the 2nd Division kept to their positions. The people of the town of Wissembourg finally surrendered to the Germans. The F... |
570d5b15fed7b91900d45f0f | What is the Franco-Prussian War also known as? | Franco-German War | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, lit. German-French War, French: Guerre franco-allemande, lit. Franco-German War), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1870 – 10 May 1871), was a conflict between the Second French Empire an... |
570d5b15fed7b91900d45f10 | What was the war often referred to in France as? | the War of 1870 | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, lit. German-French War, French: Guerre franco-allemande, lit. Franco-German War), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1870 – 10 May 1871), was a conflict between the Second French Empire an... |
570d5b15fed7b91900d45f11 | In the conflict, who lead the German states of the North German Confederation? | the Kingdom of Prussia | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, lit. German-French War, French: Guerre franco-allemande, lit. Franco-German War), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1870 – 10 May 1871), was a conflict between the Second French Empire an... |
570d5b15fed7b91900d45f12 | Whose ambitions are credited with causing the conflict? | Prussian ambitions | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, lit. German-French War, French: Guerre franco-allemande, lit. Franco-German War), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1870 – 10 May 1871), was a conflict between the Second French Empire an... |
570d5b15fed7b91900d45f13 | Which Prussian chancellor's motives in the conflict are still disputed? | Otto von Bismarck | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War (German: Deutsch-Französischer Krieg, lit. German-French War, French: Guerre franco-allemande, lit. Franco-German War), often referred to in France as the War of 1870 (19 July 1870 – 10 May 1871), was a conflict between the Second French Empire an... |
570d5c15fed7b91900d45f21 | In whose cadidacy did the immediate cause of war reside? | Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe immediate cause of the war resided in the candidacy of a Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a Prussian prince, to the throne of Spain. France feared encirclement by an alliance between Prussia and Spain. The Hohenzollern prince's candidacy was withdrawn under French diplomatic pressure... |
570d5c15fed7b91900d45f22 | What did France fear by an alliance between Prussia and Spain? | encirclement | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe immediate cause of the war resided in the candidacy of a Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a Prussian prince, to the throne of Spain. France feared encirclement by an alliance between Prussia and Spain. The Hohenzollern prince's candidacy was withdrawn under French diplomatic pressure... |
570d5c15fed7b91900d45f23 | Who goaded the French into war by editing a telegram sent by William I? | Otto von Bismarck | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe immediate cause of the war resided in the candidacy of a Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a Prussian prince, to the throne of Spain. France feared encirclement by an alliance between Prussia and Spain. The Hohenzollern prince's candidacy was withdrawn under French diplomatic pressure... |
570d5c15fed7b91900d45f24 | What was the name of the famous telelgram? | Ems Dispatch | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe immediate cause of the war resided in the candidacy of a Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a Prussian prince, to the throne of Spain. France feared encirclement by an alliance between Prussia and Spain. The Hohenzollern prince's candidacy was withdrawn under French diplomatic pressure... |
570d5c15fed7b91900d45f25 | What was the reaction of the French people to the deceptively crafted offense in the Ems Dispatch? | inflamed public opinion | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe immediate cause of the war resided in the candidacy of a Leopold of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, a Prussian prince, to the throne of Spain. France feared encirclement by an alliance between Prussia and Spain. The Hohenzollern prince's candidacy was withdrawn under French diplomatic pressure... |
570d5cf5fed7b91900d45f3f | What battle began when two armies collided in the town of Froschwiller? | The Battle of Wörth | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, on the quick reaction of his Chief of Staff Genera... |
570d5cf5fed7b91900d45f40 | On what date did the Battle of Worth begin? | 6 August | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, on the quick reaction of his Chief of Staff Genera... |
570d5cf5fed7b91900d45f41 | What was the estimated number of troops in Prussia's 3rd Army? | 140,000 troops | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, on the quick reaction of his Chief of Staff Genera... |
570d5cf5fed7b91900d45f42 | What number of troops did France have to contend with? | 35,000 | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, on the quick reaction of his Chief of Staff Genera... |
570d5cf5fed7b91900d45f43 | Instead of pursuing the French as they retreated, the Germans decided to remain where? | Alsace | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Battle of Wörth (also known as Fröschwiller or Reichshoffen) began when the two armies clashed again on 6 August near Wörth in the town of Fröschwiller, about 10 miles (16 km) from Wissembourg. The Crown Prince of Prussia's 3rd army had, on the quick reaction of his Chief of Staff Genera... |
570d5e41b3d812140066d75f | In which country was a war against France condsidered desirable? | Prussia | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nIn Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: \"I did not dou... |
570d5e41b3d812140066d760 | What was the overarching Prussian motive in starting a war with France? | unification of a great German empire | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nIn Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: \"I did not dou... |
570d5e41b3d812140066d761 | Who had no doubts that a Franco-German war was totally necessary? | Chancellor Otto von Bismarck | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nIn Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: \"I did not dou... |
570d5e41b3d812140066d762 | Who did Bismarck feel needed to be viewed as the aggressor in the conflict? | France | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nIn Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: \"I did not dou... |
570d5e41b3d812140066d763 | In bringing the southern German states to align with Prussia, what tactical outcome was achieved? | Germans numerical superiority | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nIn Prussia, some officials considered a war against France both inevitable and necessary to arouse German nationalism in those states that would allow the unification of a great German empire. This aim was epitomized by Prussian Chancellor Otto von Bismarck's later statement: \"I did not dou... |
570d5f08fed7b91900d45f5d | On what date did the battle begin? | 18 August | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nOn 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the nigh... |
570d5f08fed7b91900d45f5e | Who order the First and Second armies to advance against the French? | Moltke | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nOn 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the nigh... |
570d5f08fed7b91900d45f5f | Which general opened the battle with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division? | General Manstein | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nOn 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the nigh... |
570d5f08fed7b91900d45f60 | Who did the battle first appear to favor? | the French | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nOn 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the nigh... |
570d5f08fed7b91900d45f61 | Who was the commander of the First Army? | General Steinmetz | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nOn 18 August, the battle began when at 08:00 Moltke ordered the First and Second Armies to advance against the French positions. By 12:00, General Manstein opened up the battle before the village of Amanvillers with artillery from the 25th Infantry Division. But the French had spent the nigh... |
570d604afed7b91900d45f71 | What modern, mass-produced weapon were the French infantry provided? | Chassepot rifle | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nFrench infantry were equipped with the breech-loading Chassepot rifle, one of the most modern mass-produced firearms in the world at the time. With a rubber ring seal and a smaller bullet, the Chassepot had a maximum effective range of some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) with a short reloading time... |
570d604afed7b91900d45f72 | What was the maximum effective range of the Chassepot rifle? | 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nFrench infantry were equipped with the breech-loading Chassepot rifle, one of the most modern mass-produced firearms in the world at the time. With a rubber ring seal and a smaller bullet, the Chassepot had a maximum effective range of some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) with a short reloading time... |
570d604afed7b91900d45f73 | In which type of warfare did the French best utilize the Chassepot? | trench-warfare | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nFrench infantry were equipped with the breech-loading Chassepot rifle, one of the most modern mass-produced firearms in the world at the time. With a rubber ring seal and a smaller bullet, the Chassepot had a maximum effective range of some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) with a short reloading time... |
570d604afed7b91900d45f74 | What precedent of the machine gun did the French troops also possess? | the mitrailleuse | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nFrench infantry were equipped with the breech-loading Chassepot rifle, one of the most modern mass-produced firearms in the world at the time. With a rubber ring seal and a smaller bullet, the Chassepot had a maximum effective range of some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) with a short reloading time... |
570d604afed7b91900d45f75 | On what was the mitrailleuse mounted? | on an artillery gun carriage | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nFrench infantry were equipped with the breech-loading Chassepot rifle, one of the most modern mass-produced firearms in the world at the time. With a rubber ring seal and a smaller bullet, the Chassepot had a maximum effective range of some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) with a short reloading time... |
570d615efed7b91900d45f83 | On which date did the battle begin with the Army of Chalons attacking various Prussian divisions? | 1 September 1870 | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nOn 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns. General De Wimpffen, the commander... |
570d615efed7b91900d45f84 | Who commanded the French V Corps in reserve? | General De Wimpffen | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nOn 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns. General De Wimpffen, the commander... |
570d615efed7b91900d45f85 | As the French were hard-hit by the Prussian artillery, what continued to show up to the battlefield? | more Prussian troops | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nOn 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns. General De Wimpffen, the commander... |
570d615efed7b91900d45f86 | Which commander of the French calvary led three desperate attacks on Floing? | General Marguerite | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nOn 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns. General De Wimpffen, the commander... |
570d615efed7b91900d45f87 | How many casualties did the French suffer? | over 17,000 men | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nOn 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns. General De Wimpffen, the commander... |
570d62aab3d812140066d7bf | Pre-war, who planned for a strong French offensive? | Marshal Niel | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nA pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine... |
570d62aab3d812140066d7c0 | From Thionville towards Trier, what was the final destination of the offensive? | the Prussian Rhineland | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nA pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine... |
570d62aab3d812140066d7c1 | Niel's plan was cast aside in favour of a plan by General Frossard and what other general?? | Bartélemy Lebrun | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nA pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine... |
570d62aab3d812140066d7c2 | The new plan called for which army to remain in a defensive grouping at the German border? | Army of the Rhine | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nA pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine... |
570d63cdfed7b91900d45fa3 | Which disaster made French planning supremely essential? | the disaster at Wissembourg | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nOn the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding even... |
570d63cdfed7b91900d45fa4 | Which general was determined to go on the attack over Saar? | General Le Bœuf | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nOn the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding even... |
570d63cdfed7b91900d45fa5 | Planning for the next battle was less based on emotion and more focused on what? | the reality of unfolding events | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nOn the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding even... |
570d63cdfed7b91900d45fa6 | Who told LeBoeuf that supply beyond the Saar would be impossible? | General Wolff | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nOn the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding even... |
570d63cdfed7b91900d45fa7 | What did the French armies decide on to protect against every possible attack point? | a defensive position | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nOn the French side, planning after the disaster at Wissembourg had become essential. General Le Bœuf, flushed with anger, was intent upon going on the offensive over the Saar and countering their loss. However, planning for the next encounter was more based upon the reality of unfolding even... |
570d64fcb3d812140066d7ed | What army's defeats turned Gambetta to the Army of the North? | Army of the Loire's | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nFollowing the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protected by the belt of fortresses in northern France, allowing Faidherbe's men to launch qu... |
570d64fcb3d812140066d7ee | Who led the Army of the North? | General Faidherbe | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nFollowing the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protected by the belt of fortresses in northern France, allowing Faidherbe's men to launch qu... |
570d64fcb3d812140066d7ef | Several smaller victories were acheived by the protection of what? | belt of fortresses | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nFollowing the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protected by the belt of fortresses in northern France, allowing Faidherbe's men to launch qu... |
570d64fcb3d812140066d7f0 | The belt of fortresses were in what area of France? | northern France | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nFollowing the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protected by the belt of fortresses in northern France, allowing Faidherbe's men to launch qu... |
570d64fcb3d812140066d7f1 | This position in the north allowed whose men to launch fast attacks against Prussian units? | Faidherbe's | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nFollowing the Army of the Loire's defeats, Gambetta turned to General Faidherbe's Army of the North. The army had achieved several small victories at towns such as Ham, La Hallue, and Amiens and was protected by the belt of fortresses in northern France, allowing Faidherbe's men to launch qu... |
570d65fafed7b91900d45fdb | What odds were at stake for the attack launched by the III Corps? | four to one | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nDespite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no choice but to engage in a fight that would s... |
570d65fafed7b91900d45fdc | What town were the III Corps able to capture? | Vionville | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nDespite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no choice but to engage in a fight that would s... |
570d65fafed7b91900d45fdd | In capturing Vionville, what was further blocked in the west? | escape attempts | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nDespite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no choice but to engage in a fight that would s... |
570d65fafed7b91900d45fde | With battle at Metz, what factor shattered the efforts of III Corps? | incessant cavalry charges | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nDespite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no choice but to engage in a fight that would s... |
570d65fafed7b91900d45fdf | The Germans recorded how many causualties in the battle? | 15,780 | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nDespite odds of four to one, the III Corps launched a risky attack. The French were routed and the III Corps captured Vionville, blocking any further escape attempts to the west. Once blocked from retreat, the French in the fortress of Metz had no choice but to engage in a fight that would s... |
570d675db3d812140066d84b | Which prince ordered an artillery attack against Canrobert? | Prince Frederick Charles | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWith the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of the Second Army advanced across Ravine while the XII Co... |
570d675db3d812140066d84c | Which army's defeat compelled Prince Charles to attack? | defeat of the First Army, | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWith the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of the Second Army advanced across Ravine while the XII Co... |
570d675db3d812140066d84d | As the Second Army pushed into Ravine, the XII Corps cleared out which adjacent town? | Roncourt | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWith the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of the Second Army advanced across Ravine while the XII Co... |
570d675db3d812140066d84e | The surving soldiers of the 1st Guards Infantry Division launched a new attack against what? | ruins of St. Privat | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWith the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of the Second Army advanced across Ravine while the XII Co... |
570d675db3d812140066d84f | Which army was forced to retreat to Metz and surrender two months later? | French Army of the Rhine | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWith the defeat of the First Army, Prince Frederick Charles ordered a massed artillery attack against Canrobert's position at St. Privat to prevent the Guards attack from failing too. At 19:00 the 3rd Division of Fransecky's II Corps of the Second Army advanced across Ravine while the XII Co... |
570d6878fed7b91900d46023 | A blockade of what coastline was ordered by the French government at the start of the war? | North German coasts | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhen the war began, the French government ordered a blockade of the North German coasts, which the small North German navy (Norddeutsche Bundesmarine) with only five ironclads could do little to oppose. For most of the war, the three largest German ironclads were out of service with engine t... |
570d6878fed7b91900d46024 | The small North German navy had how many ironclads at their disposal? | only five | [
"Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhen the war began, the French government ordered a blockade of the North German coasts, which the small North German navy (Norddeutsche Bundesmarine) with only five ironclads could do little to oppose. For most of the war, the three largest German ironclads were out of service with engine t... |
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