Split (2)

train · 86.8k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	question stringlengths 1 270	answer stringlengths 1 239	documents listlengths 1 1
570d6878fed7b91900d46025	What was the name of the only turret ship that was able to conduct operations?	SMS Arminius	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhen the war began, the French government ordered a blockade of the North German coasts, which the small North German navy (Norddeutsche Bundesmarine) with only five ironclads could do little to oppose. For most of the war, the three largest German ironclads were out of service with engine t...
570d6878fed7b91900d46026	How many ships was the French navy able to dispatch to sea?	470	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhen the war began, the French government ordered a blockade of the North German coasts, which the small North German navy (Norddeutsche Bundesmarine) with only five ironclads could do little to oppose. For most of the war, the three largest German ironclads were out of service with engine t...
570d6878fed7b91900d46027	In pursuing Prussian ships, what resource was quickly depleted?	coal reserves	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhen the war began, the French government ordered a blockade of the North German coasts, which the small North German navy (Norddeutsche Bundesmarine) with only five ironclads could do little to oppose. For most of the war, the three largest German ironclads were out of service with engine t...
570d69bafed7b91900d46033	Which battle was the second of three key French losses?	Battle of Spicheren	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. Th...
570d69bafed7b91900d46034	On what date did the battle of Spicheren take place?	5 August	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. Th...
570d69bafed7b91900d46035	Moltke had originally planned to kee Bazaine's army on what river?	the Saar River	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. Th...
570d69bafed7b91900d46036	Which general's zeal and lack of planning led to cutting off Prince Charles from his calvary?	General von Steinmetz	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. Th...
570d69bafed7b91900d46037	Which town was the site of General von Steinmetz's grave error?	Spicheren	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. Th...
570d6ae5fed7b91900d4604f	The General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be what?	extremely effective	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure a...
570d6ae5fed7b91900d46050	What was key factor did the Prussian General Staff study?	previous Prussian operations	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure a...
570d6ae5fed7b91900d46051	What was the goal in the General Staff studying past operations?	learn to avoid mistakes	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure a...
570d6ae5fed7b91900d46052	The structure also reinforced Moltke's ability control large formations spread out over what?	significant distances	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure a...
570d6ae5fed7b91900d46053	Who is essentially considered the commander in chief of the Prussian army?	The Chief of the General Staff	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian General Staff developed by Moltke proved to be extremely effective, in contrast to the traditional French school. This was in large part due to the fact that the Prussian General Staff was created to study previous Prussian operations and learn to avoid mistakes. The structure a...
570d6ba1fed7b91900d4606b	What did the Germans expect to negotiate?	an end to the war	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at the Château de Ferrières and demanded ...
570d6ba1fed7b91900d4606c	On what date was the encirclement of Paris complete?	20 September	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at the Château de Ferrières and demanded ...
570d6ba1fed7b91900d4606d	Bismarck and Favre met on what date?	18 September	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at the Château de Ferrières and demanded ...
570d6ba1fed7b91900d4606e	What was the location of Bismarck and Favre's meeting?	the Château de Ferrières	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at the Château de Ferrières and demanded ...
570d6ba1fed7b91900d4606f	Bismarck demanded the surrender of Strasbourg and what fortress city?	Toul	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Germans expected to negotiate an end to the war but immediately ordered an advance on Paris; by 15 September Moltke issued the orders for an investment of Paris and on 20 September the encirclement was complete. Bismarck met Favre on 18 September at the Château de Ferrières and demanded ...
570d6cf1fed7b91900d460a5	By late afternoon, what were the Prussian southern attacks at risk of?	breaking up	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nBy 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which were commanded by General Canrobert. At 17:15, the Prussian 4th Guards Infantry Brigade joined ...
570d6cf1fed7b91900d460a6	Which Prussian general commanded the attack against the French at St. Privat?	General Canrobert	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nBy 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which were commanded by General Canrobert. At 17:15, the Prussian 4th Guards Infantry Brigade joined ...
570d6cf1fed7b91900d460a7	What factor immobilised the Prussian Guard?	lethal French gunfire	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nBy 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which were commanded by General Canrobert. At 17:15, the Prussian 4th Guards Infantry Brigade joined ...
570d6cf1fed7b91900d460a8	By nightfall a major component of the VII and VII Corps withdrew towards what Prussian position?	Rezonville	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nBy 16:50, with the Prussian southern attacks in danger of breaking up, the Prussian 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade of the Second Army opened an attack against the French positions at St. Privat which were commanded by General Canrobert. At 17:15, the Prussian 4th Guards Infantry Brigade joined ...
570d6dfbb3d812140066d90b	What did the Prussian Army hold in Paris on 17 February?	a brief victory parade	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to...
570d6dfbb3d812140066d90c	Under what provision was the Prussian Army permitted to have a victory parade?	the terms of the armistice	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to...
570d6dfbb3d812140066d90d	To hounour the armistice, Bismarck allowed train loads of what into Paris?	food	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to...
570d6dfbb3d812140066d90e	France had to consent to pay how much in war indemnity?	five billion franc	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to...
570d6dfbb3d812140066d90f	An ensuing mass exodus from Paris saw how many people head for the countryside?	200,000	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian Army, under the terms of the armistice, held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February; the city was silent and draped with black and the Germans quickly withdrew. Bismarck honoured the armistice, by allowing train loads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to...
570d6edcfed7b91900d460d9	Whose surrender hit Paris as big news?	Napoleon III	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhen the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre and Gambetta at Paris on 4 Septemb...
570d6edcfed7b91900d460da	Which empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris?	the Second Empire	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhen the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre and Gambetta at Paris on 4 Septemb...
570d6edcfed7b91900d460db	The uprising forced a proclamation of what?	Provisional Government and a Third Republic	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhen the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre and Gambetta at Paris on 4 Septemb...
570d6edcfed7b91900d460dc	How did the new government refer to itself?	Government of National Defence	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhen the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre and Gambetta at Paris on 4 Septemb...
570d6edcfed7b91900d460dd	Bismarck desired an early piece but lacked what in the negotiation process?	a legitimate French authority	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhen the news arrived at Paris of the surrender at Sedan of Napoleon III and 80,000 men, the Second Empire was overthrown by a popular uprising in Paris, which forced the proclamation of a Provisional Government and a Third Republic by general Trochu, Favre and Gambetta at Paris on 4 Septemb...
570d7002b3d812140066d931	A series of Prussian and German victories took place in what part of France?	eastern France	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nA series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government of National Defence declared the Third Rep...
570d7002b3d812140066d932	What seige did these victories lead to?	Siege of Metz	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nA series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government of National Defence declared the Third Rep...
570d7002b3d812140066d933	What battle was a result of the Prussian and German victories in eastern France?	Battle of Sedan	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nA series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government of National Defence declared the Third Rep...
570d7002b3d812140066d934	Which army definitively defeated Napolean III?	the army of the Second Empire	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nA series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government of National Defence declared the Third Rep...
570d7002b3d812140066d935	On what date did the Government of National Defence declare the the Third Republic in Paris?	4 September	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nA series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government of National Defence declared the Third Rep...
570d7143fed7b91900d46113	Some historians counter that Napolean III sought what?	war	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nSome historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wanted a war to resolve growing domestic political pr...
570d7143fed7b91900d46114	Napoleon III belived he would win the Astro-Prussian war and win a conflict with what country?	Prussia	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nSome historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wanted a war to resolve growing domestic political pr...
570d7143fed7b91900d46115	It is also argued that Napoleon III thought a war would resolve the growing issue of what?	domestic political problems	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nSome historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wanted a war to resolve growing domestic political pr...
570d7143fed7b91900d46116	Before the war, French voters overwhelming supported what program of Napoleon III?	a national plebiscite	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nSome historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wanted a war to resolve growing domestic political pr...
570d7143fed7b91900d46117	Who proposed that Emperor needed no war to increase his public appeal?	Milza	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nSome historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wanted a war to resolve growing domestic political pr...
570d724bfed7b91900d46127	What did Napoleon III plan to relieve pressure from an expected German attack?	invasion of northern Germany	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nTo relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with ...
570d724bfed7b91900d46128	What country were the French hoping to be allied with?	Denmark	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nTo relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with ...
570d724bfed7b91900d46129	What military strength could Denmark to France in a war?	the Royal Danish Navy	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nTo relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with ...
570d724bfed7b91900d4612a	What had Prussia been discovered building around big north German ports?	defences	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nTo relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with ...
570d724bfed7b91900d4612b	What did the French navy lack in engaging coastal defenses?	heavy guns	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nTo relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with ...
570d72f3b3d812140066d961	What was the Prussian Army composed of, instead of regulars?	conscripts	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian Army was composed not of regulars but conscripts. Service was compulsory for all of men of military age, and thus Prussia and its North and South German allies could mobilise and field some 1,000,000 soldiers in time of war. German tactics emphasised encirclement battles like Ca...
570d72f3b3d812140066d962	Service was mandatory for all men sharing which feature?	of military age	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian Army was composed not of regulars but conscripts. Service was compulsory for all of men of military age, and thus Prussia and its North and South German allies could mobilise and field some 1,000,000 soldiers in time of war. German tactics emphasised encirclement battles like Ca...
570d72f3b3d812140066d963	Together, Prussia and Germany expected to amass how many soldiers?	1,000,000	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian Army was composed not of regulars but conscripts. Service was compulsory for all of men of military age, and thus Prussia and its North and South German allies could mobilise and field some 1,000,000 soldiers in time of war. German tactics emphasised encirclement battles like Ca...
570d72f3b3d812140066d964	German tactics relied on what type of battle strategy?	encirclement battles	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian Army was composed not of regulars but conscripts. Service was compulsory for all of men of military age, and thus Prussia and its North and South German allies could mobilise and field some 1,000,000 soldiers in time of war. German tactics emphasised encirclement battles like Ca...
570d72f3b3d812140066d965	What is an example of a German encirclement battle?	Cannae	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe Prussian Army was composed not of regulars but conscripts. Service was compulsory for all of men of military age, and thus Prussia and its North and South German allies could mobilise and field some 1,000,000 soldiers in time of war. German tactics emphasised encirclement battles like Ca...
570d73eeb3d812140066d975	What Prussian system was superior to the French example?	military education	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nIn addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation. The French, meanwhile, suffered from an education and promotion system that stifle...
570d73eeb3d812140066d976	Prussian military officers were trained to exude what type thinking?	independent thinking	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nIn addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation. The French, meanwhile, suffered from an education and promotion system that stifle...
570d73eeb3d812140066d977	What commander of the General Staff held the expectaion of independent thinking in his officers?	Moltke	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nIn addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation. The French, meanwhile, suffered from an education and promotion system that stifle...
570d73eeb3d812140066d978	What did the French dearth of an education and promotion system stifle?	intellectual development	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nIn addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation. The French, meanwhile, suffered from an education and promotion system that stifle...
570d73eeb3d812140066d979	Which military historian criticized the French system as being defective?	Dallas Irvine	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nIn addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation. The French, meanwhile, suffered from an education and promotion system that stifle...
570d74e0fed7b91900d4614f	What aspect of the Chassepot was superior to the German needle gun?	longer range	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French breech-loading rifle, the Chassepot, had a far longer range than the German needle gun; 1,500 yards (1,400 m) compared to 600 yd (550 m). The French also had an early machine-gun type weapon, the mitrailleuse, which could fire its thirty-seven barrels at a range of around 1,200 yd...
570d74e0fed7b91900d46150	What French weapon was considered a rough prototype of the first machine gun?	the mitrailleuse	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French breech-loading rifle, the Chassepot, had a far longer range than the German needle gun; 1,500 yards (1,400 m) compared to 600 yd (550 m). The French also had an early machine-gun type weapon, the mitrailleuse, which could fire its thirty-seven barrels at a range of around 1,200 yd...
570d74e0fed7b91900d46151	How many barrels did the mitrailleuse feature?	thirty-seven barrels	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French breech-loading rifle, the Chassepot, had a far longer range than the German needle gun; 1,500 yards (1,400 m) compared to 600 yd (550 m). The French also had an early machine-gun type weapon, the mitrailleuse, which could fire its thirty-seven barrels at a range of around 1,200 yd...
570d74e0fed7b91900d46152	What was the range of the mitrailleuse?	1,200 yd (1,100 m)	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French breech-loading rifle, the Chassepot, had a far longer range than the German needle gun; 1,500 yards (1,400 m) compared to 600 yd (550 m). The French also had an early machine-gun type weapon, the mitrailleuse, which could fire its thirty-seven barrels at a range of around 1,200 yd...
570d74e0fed7b91900d46153	Treating the mitrailleuse like what rendered it far less effective	artillery	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French breech-loading rifle, the Chassepot, had a far longer range than the German needle gun; 1,500 yards (1,400 m) compared to 600 yd (550 m). The French also had an early machine-gun type weapon, the mitrailleuse, which could fire its thirty-seven barrels at a range of around 1,200 yd...
570d75b4b3d812140066d993	The French Marines and naval infantry were dispatched to reinforce what?	French Army of Châlons	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French Marines and naval infantry intended for the invasion of northern Germany were dispatched to reinforce the French Army of Châlons and fell into captivity at Sedan along with Napoleon III. A shortage of officers, following the capture of most of the professional French army at the S...
570d75b4b3d812140066d994	The French navy fell captive where?	at Sedan	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French Marines and naval infantry intended for the invasion of northern Germany were dispatched to reinforce the French Army of Châlons and fell into captivity at Sedan along with Napoleon III. A shortage of officers, following the capture of most of the professional French army at the S...
570d75b4b3d812140066d995	Who also was captured at Sedan?	Napoleon III	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French Marines and naval infantry intended for the invasion of northern Germany were dispatched to reinforce the French Army of Châlons and fell into captivity at Sedan along with Napoleon III. A shortage of officers, following the capture of most of the professional French army at the S...
570d75b4b3d812140066d996	The autumn storms of what sea forced the return of yet more French ships?	the North Sea	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French Marines and naval infantry intended for the invasion of northern Germany were dispatched to reinforce the French Army of Châlons and fell into captivity at Sedan along with Napoleon III. A shortage of officers, following the capture of most of the professional French army at the S...
570d75b4b3d812140066d997	On which rough date did the French navy abandon their blockade?	September 1870	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French Marines and naval infantry intended for the invasion of northern Germany were dispatched to reinforce the French Army of Châlons and fell into captivity at Sedan along with Napoleon III. A shortage of officers, following the capture of most of the professional French army at the S...
570d7649b3d812140066d9a5	Which marshal was closest to Wissembourg?	Marshal MacMahon	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nMarshal MacMahon, now closest to Wissembourg, spread his four divisions over 20 miles (32 km) to react to any Prussian invasion. This organization of forces was due to a lack of supplies, forcing each division to seek out basic provisions along with the representatives of the army supply arm...
570d7649b3d812140066d9a6	How many divisions did MacMahon command?	four divisions	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nMarshal MacMahon, now closest to Wissembourg, spread his four divisions over 20 miles (32 km) to react to any Prussian invasion. This organization of forces was due to a lack of supplies, forcing each division to seek out basic provisions along with the representatives of the army supply arm...
570d7649b3d812140066d9a7	Over how many miles did MacMahon's divisions cover?	20 miles	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nMarshal MacMahon, now closest to Wissembourg, spread his four divisions over 20 miles (32 km) to react to any Prussian invasion. This organization of forces was due to a lack of supplies, forcing each division to seek out basic provisions along with the representatives of the army supply arm...
570d7649b3d812140066d9a8	Whose conduct made a bad situation worse?	General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nMarshal MacMahon, now closest to Wissembourg, spread his four divisions over 20 miles (32 km) to react to any Prussian invasion. This organization of forces was due to a lack of supplies, forcing each division to seek out basic provisions along with the representatives of the army supply arm...
570d7649b3d812140066d9a9	What group did General Ducrot command?	the 1st Division	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nMarshal MacMahon, now closest to Wissembourg, spread his four divisions over 20 miles (32 km) to react to any Prussian invasion. This organization of forces was due to a lack of supplies, forcing each division to seek out basic provisions along with the representatives of the army supply arm...
570d76f1fed7b91900d4616d	What became highly politicised during the war?	Paris National Guard	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nDuring the war, the Paris National Guard, particularly in the working-class neighbourhoods of Paris, had become highly politicised and units elected officers; many refused to wear uniforms or obey commands from the national government. National guard units tried to seize power in Paris on 31...
570d76f1fed7b91900d4616e	In what type of neighborhoods did the occur especially?	working-class neighbourhoods	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nDuring the war, the Paris National Guard, particularly in the working-class neighbourhoods of Paris, had become highly politicised and units elected officers; many refused to wear uniforms or obey commands from the national government. National guard units tried to seize power in Paris on 31...
570d76f1fed7b91900d4616f	What did the National Guard refuse to wear?	uniforms	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nDuring the war, the Paris National Guard, particularly in the working-class neighbourhoods of Paris, had become highly politicised and units elected officers; many refused to wear uniforms or obey commands from the national government. National guard units tried to seize power in Paris on 31...
570d76f1fed7b91900d46170	What did the National Guard refuse to obey?	commands from the national government	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nDuring the war, the Paris National Guard, particularly in the working-class neighbourhoods of Paris, had become highly politicised and units elected officers; many refused to wear uniforms or obey commands from the national government. National guard units tried to seize power in Paris on 31...
570d76f1fed7b91900d46171	On which dates did La Semaine Sanglante occur in Paris?	21–28 May	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nDuring the war, the Paris National Guard, particularly in the working-class neighbourhoods of Paris, had become highly politicised and units elected officers; many refused to wear uniforms or obey commands from the national government. National guard units tried to seize power in Paris on 31...
570d77cdb3d812140066d9b7	Who commanded the French army at the battle of Worth?	General MacMahon	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhile the French army under General MacMahon engaged the German 3rd Army at the Battle of Wörth, the German 1st Army under Steinmetz finished their advance west from Saarbrücken. A patrol from the German 2nd Army under Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia spotted decoy fires close and Frossard's...
570d77cdb3d812140066d9b8	Which German divisison did MacMahon engage?	German 3rd Army	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhile the French army under General MacMahon engaged the German 3rd Army at the Battle of Wörth, the German 1st Army under Steinmetz finished their advance west from Saarbrücken. A patrol from the German 2nd Army under Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia spotted decoy fires close and Frossard's...
570d77cdb3d812140066d9b9	Who commanded the German 1st Army?	Steinmetz	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhile the French army under General MacMahon engaged the German 3rd Army at the Battle of Wörth, the German 1st Army under Steinmetz finished their advance west from Saarbrücken. A patrol from the German 2nd Army under Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia spotted decoy fires close and Frossard's...
570d77cdb3d812140066d9ba	What did a German patrol spot that led them to believe that Frossard had retreated?	decoy fires	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhile the French army under General MacMahon engaged the German 3rd Army at the Battle of Wörth, the German 1st Army under Steinmetz finished their advance west from Saarbrücken. A patrol from the German 2nd Army under Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia spotted decoy fires close and Frossard's...
570d77cdb3d812140066d9bb	Whose plan did German armies ignore in attacking Frossard?	Moltke's	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhile the French army under General MacMahon engaged the German 3rd Army at the Battle of Wörth, the German 1st Army under Steinmetz finished their advance west from Saarbrücken. A patrol from the German 2nd Army under Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia spotted decoy fires close and Frossard's...
570d785cb3d812140066d9c1	Who were the casualties especially terrible for?	the attacking Prussian forces	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe casualties were horrible, especially for the attacking Prussian forces. A grand total of 20,163 German troops were killed, wounded or missing in action during the August 18 battle. The French losses were 7,855 killed and wounded along with 4,420 prisoners of war (half of them were wounde...
570d785cb3d812140066d9c2	What was the grand total of German casualties and those missing in action?	20,163	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe casualties were horrible, especially for the attacking Prussian forces. A grand total of 20,163 German troops were killed, wounded or missing in action during the August 18 battle. The French losses were 7,855 killed and wounded along with 4,420 prisoners of war (half of them were wounde...
570d785cb3d812140066d9c3	What were the number of French killed and wounded?	7,855	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe casualties were horrible, especially for the attacking Prussian forces. A grand total of 20,163 German troops were killed, wounded or missing in action during the August 18 battle. The French losses were 7,855 killed and wounded along with 4,420 prisoners of war (half of them were wounde...
570d785cb3d812140066d9c4	What was the number of French prisoners?	4,420	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe casualties were horrible, especially for the attacking Prussian forces. A grand total of 20,163 German troops were killed, wounded or missing in action during the August 18 battle. The French losses were 7,855 killed and wounded along with 4,420 prisoners of war (half of them were wounde...
570d785cb3d812140066d9c5	What did most Prussians fall under?	French Chassepot rifles	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe casualties were horrible, especially for the attacking Prussian forces. A grand total of 20,163 German troops were killed, wounded or missing in action during the August 18 battle. The French losses were 7,855 killed and wounded along with 4,420 prisoners of war (half of them were wounde...
570d7908fed7b91900d4618b	What was the republican government amenable to?	war reparations	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhile the republican government was amenable to war reparations or ceding colonial territories in Africa or in South East Asia to Prussia, Favre on behalf of the Government of National Defense, declared on 6 September that France would not \"yield an inch of its territory nor a stone of its ...
570d7908fed7b91900d4618c	Who declared that France would not yield "an inch of its territory?"	Favre	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhile the republican government was amenable to war reparations or ceding colonial territories in Africa or in South East Asia to Prussia, Favre on behalf of the Government of National Defense, declared on 6 September that France would not \"yield an inch of its territory nor a stone of its ...
570d7908fed7b91900d4618d	Who was Favre speaking on behalf of?	Government of National Defense	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhile the republican government was amenable to war reparations or ceding colonial territories in Africa or in South East Asia to Prussia, Favre on behalf of the Government of National Defense, declared on 6 September that France would not \"yield an inch of its territory nor a stone of its ...
570d7908fed7b91900d4618e	When did Favre make the declaration concerning colonial territories?	6 September	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhile the republican government was amenable to war reparations or ceding colonial territories in Africa or in South East Asia to Prussia, Favre on behalf of the Government of National Defense, declared on 6 September that France would not \"yield an inch of its territory nor a stone of its ...
570d7908fed7b91900d4618f	What did this cause the Republic to renew?	declaration of war	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nWhile the republican government was amenable to war reparations or ceding colonial territories in Africa or in South East Asia to Prussia, Favre on behalf of the Government of National Defense, declared on 6 September that France would not \"yield an inch of its territory nor a stone of its ...
570d79d0fed7b91900d46195	Who was the Prussian Minister of War?	Albrecht von Roon	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nAlbrecht von Roon, the Prussian Minister of War from 1859 to 1873, put into effect a series of reforms of the Prussian military system in the 1860s. Among these were two major reforms that substantially increased the military power of Germany. The first was a reorganization of the army that ...
570d79d0fed7b91900d46196	What was the time span that von Roon acted as minister?	1859 to 1873	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nAlbrecht von Roon, the Prussian Minister of War from 1859 to 1873, put into effect a series of reforms of the Prussian military system in the 1860s. Among these were two major reforms that substantially increased the military power of Germany. The first was a reorganization of the army that ...
570d79d0fed7b91900d46197	He instituted a series of what regarding the Prussian military?	reforms	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nAlbrecht von Roon, the Prussian Minister of War from 1859 to 1873, put into effect a series of reforms of the Prussian military system in the 1860s. Among these were two major reforms that substantially increased the military power of Germany. The first was a reorganization of the army that ...
570d79d0fed7b91900d46198	What was the first step in the reforms?	a reorganization of the army	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nAlbrecht von Roon, the Prussian Minister of War from 1859 to 1873, put into effect a series of reforms of the Prussian military system in the 1860s. Among these were two major reforms that substantially increased the military power of Germany. The first was a reorganization of the army that ...
570d79d0fed7b91900d46199	What was the second reform?	the conscription of every male	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nAlbrecht von Roon, the Prussian Minister of War from 1859 to 1873, put into effect a series of reforms of the Prussian military system in the 1860s. Among these were two major reforms that substantially increased the military power of Germany. The first was a reorganization of the army that ...
570d7a98fed7b91900d461a9	What type of artillery were the French equipped with?	bronze, rifled muzzle-loading	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French were equipped with bronze, rifled muzzle-loading artillery, while the Prussians used new steel breech-loading guns, which had a far longer range and a faster rate of fire. Prussian gunners strove for a high rate of fire, which was discouraged in the French army in the belief that ...
570d7a98fed7b91900d461aa	What newer artillery were Prussians using?	steel breech-loading guns	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French were equipped with bronze, rifled muzzle-loading artillery, while the Prussians used new steel breech-loading guns, which had a far longer range and a faster rate of fire. Prussian gunners strove for a high rate of fire, which was discouraged in the French army in the belief that ...
570d7a98fed7b91900d461ab	What did the French believe was overly wasted in artillery with a higher rate of fire?	ammunition	[ "Franco-Prussian_War\n\nThe French were equipped with bronze, rifled muzzle-loading artillery, while the Prussians used new steel breech-loading guns, which had a far longer range and a faster rate of fire. Prussian gunners strove for a high rate of fire, which was discouraged in the French army in the belief that ...

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