id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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570e0bb30b85d914000d7c92 | In what year was an agreement reached to ban mining in Antarctica? | 1998 | [
"Antarctica\n\nAlthough coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty also restricts a struggle for resources. In 1998, a compr... |
570e0bb30b85d914000d7c93 | When will the mining ban be reviewed? | 2048 | [
"Antarctica\n\nAlthough coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty also restricts a struggle for resources. In 1998, a compr... |
570e0bb30b85d914000d7c94 | What is the major economic activity near Antarctica? | trading of fish | [
"Antarctica\n\nAlthough coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty also restricts a struggle for resources. In 1998, a compr... |
570e0bb30b85d914000d7c95 | How many tonnes of fish were reported caught in 2000-01? | 112,934 tonnes | [
"Antarctica\n\nAlthough coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty also restricts a struggle for resources. In 1998, a compr... |
570e0da70dc6ce1900204da1 | How do the meteorites found in Antarctica add to knowledge about the solar system? | better understanding | [
"Antarctica\n\nThis large collection of meteorites allows a better understanding of the abundance of meteorite types in the solar system and how meteorites relate to asteroids and comets. New types of meteorites and rare meteorites have been found. Among these are pieces blasted off the Moon, and probably Mars, by ... |
570e0da70dc6ce1900204da2 | Beside rare types of meteorites, what other types of meteorites have been found in Antarctica? | New types | [
"Antarctica\n\nThis large collection of meteorites allows a better understanding of the abundance of meteorite types in the solar system and how meteorites relate to asteroids and comets. New types of meteorites and rare meteorites have been found. Among these are pieces blasted off the Moon, and probably Mars, by ... |
570e0da70dc6ce1900204da3 | From where in the solar system could the meteorites have come? | Moon | [
"Antarctica\n\nThis large collection of meteorites allows a better understanding of the abundance of meteorite types in the solar system and how meteorites relate to asteroids and comets. New types of meteorites and rare meteorites have been found. Among these are pieces blasted off the Moon, and probably Mars, by ... |
570e0da70dc6ce1900204da4 | About what nearby planet could the Antarctic meteorites hold data? | Mars | [
"Antarctica\n\nThis large collection of meteorites allows a better understanding of the abundance of meteorite types in the solar system and how meteorites relate to asteroids and comets. New types of meteorites and rare meteorites have been found. Among these are pieces blasted off the Moon, and probably Mars, by ... |
570e0da70dc6ce1900204da5 | What do meteorites absorb that can be used to understand how old the meteorite is? | cosmic radiation | [
"Antarctica\n\nThis large collection of meteorites allows a better understanding of the abundance of meteorite types in the solar system and how meteorites relate to asteroids and comets. New types of meteorites and rare meteorites have been found. Among these are pieces blasted off the Moon, and probably Mars, by ... |
570e0f250dc6ce1900204dab | When did the Larsen-B ice shelf collapse? | 2002 | [
"Antarctica\n\nIn 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) of the ice shelf at risk. The ice was bein... |
570e0f250dc6ce1900204dac | What Antarctic ice shelf collapsed in 2008? | Wilkins Ice Shelf | [
"Antarctica\n\nIn 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) of the ice shelf at risk. The ice was bein... |
570e0f250dc6ce1900204dad | When did the most widespread melting of ice occur? | 2005 | [
"Antarctica\n\nIn 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) of the ice shelf at risk. The ice was bein... |
570e0f250dc6ce1900204dae | How large was the ice chunk that melted and refroze? | California | [
"Antarctica\n\nIn 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) of the ice shelf at risk. The ice was bein... |
570e0f250dc6ce1900204daf | How high could the temperatures have risen to cause the melting? | 5 °C | [
"Antarctica\n\nIn 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) of the ice shelf at risk. The ice was bein... |
570e10d20b85d914000d7c9b | When was the first time humans visited Antarctica? | 19th century | [
"Antarctica\n\nAntarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to \"balance\" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since... |
570e10d20b85d914000d7c9c | What was Antarctica presumed to be by the ancient thinkers? | balance | [
"Antarctica\n\nAntarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to \"balance\" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since... |
570e10d20b85d914000d7c9d | What did Ptolemy suggest that a southern land mass would do to preserve? | symmetry | [
"Antarctica\n\nAntarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to \"balance\" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since... |
570e10d20b85d914000d7c9e | Of what did early explores think Australia and South America were part? | Antarctica | [
"Antarctica\n\nAntarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to \"balance\" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since... |
570e10d20b85d914000d7c9f | Early geographers thought that Antarctica was what in size? | larger | [
"Antarctica\n\nAntarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to \"balance\" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since... |
570e11f30dc6ce1900204db5 | How much of Antarctica is covered by ice? | 98% | [
"Antarctica\n\nAbout 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most... |
570e11f30dc6ce1900204db6 | How thick is the ice that covers Antarctica? | 1.6 km | [
"Antarctica\n\nAbout 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most... |
570e11f30dc6ce1900204db7 | How much of Earth's ice is in Antarctica? | 90% | [
"Antarctica\n\nAbout 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most... |
570e11f30dc6ce1900204db8 | How much of the Earth's fresh water is held in Antarctica? | 70% | [
"Antarctica\n\nAbout 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most... |
570e11f30dc6ce1900204db9 | What is the amount of precipitation per year in the interior of Antarctica? | 20 mm | [
"Antarctica\n\nAbout 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most... |
570e13df0b85d914000d7ca5 | What lake is thought to contain microbial life? | Lake Vostok | [
"Antarctica\n\nThere is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the ... |
570e13df0b85d914000d7ca6 | To what does the frozen surface of Lake Vostok resemble? | Europa | [
"Antarctica\n\nThere is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the ... |
570e13df0b85d914000d7ca7 | With what is Europa associated?? | Jupiter's moon | [
"Antarctica\n\nThere is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the ... |
570e13df0b85d914000d7ca8 | When did NASA go on an expedition to Lake Untersee? | 7 February 2008 | [
"Antarctica\n\nThere is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the ... |
570e13df0b85d914000d7ca9 | For what was NASA searching? | extremophiles | [
"Antarctica\n\nThere is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the ... |
570e152a0b85d914000d7caf | In what period did Africa beak off from Antarctica? | Jurassic | [
"Antarctica\n\nAfrica separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. ... |
570e152a0b85d914000d7cb0 | When was Antarctica still joined to Australia? | end of the Cretaceous | [
"Antarctica\n\nAfrica separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. ... |
570e152a0b85d914000d7cb1 | What type of climate did Antarctica have in the Cretaceous period? | subtropical | [
"Antarctica\n\nAfrica separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. ... |
570e152a0b85d914000d7cb2 | When did Australia separate from Antarctica? | Eocene epoch | [
"Antarctica\n\nAfrica separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. ... |
570e152a0b85d914000d7cb3 | After the division from Australia, what began to appear? | ice | [
"Antarctica\n\nAfrica separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. ... |
570e16ea0b85d914000d7cb9 | Which of the the poles is colder? | Antarctica | [
"Antarctica\n\nAntarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through t... |
570e16ea0b85d914000d7cba | How high is the continent of Antarctica above sea level? | 3,000 m | [
"Antarctica\n\nAntarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through t... |
570e16ea0b85d914000d7cbb | How does the Arctic Ocean warm the Arctic? | warmth is transferred | [
"Antarctica\n\nAntarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through t... |
570e16ea0b85d914000d7cbc | What contributes to the Antarctic cold? | orbital distance | [
"Antarctica\n\nAntarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through t... |
570e16ea0b85d914000d7cbd | What does temperature do with elevation? | decreases | [
"Antarctica\n\nAntarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through t... |
570e18430b85d914000d7cc3 | Who was the first person born south of the 60th parallel? | Emilio Marcos Palma | [
"Antarctica\n\nEmilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with s... |
570e18430b85d914000d7cc4 | Where is the continental limit of Antarctica? | 60th parallel south | [
"Antarctica\n\nEmilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with s... |
570e18430b85d914000d7cc5 | When was Palma born? | 1978 | [
"Antarctica\n\nEmilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with s... |
570e18430b85d914000d7cc6 | What was the Palma family sent to Antarctica to determine? | suitable for family life | [
"Antarctica\n\nEmilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with s... |
570e1a2a0dc6ce1900204dbf | How many species of fungi have been found on Antarctica? | 1150 | [
"Antarctica\n\nAbout 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formatio... |
570e1a2a0dc6ce1900204dc0 | How many of the extant fungi in Antarctica are lichen-forming? | 400 | [
"Antarctica\n\nAbout 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formatio... |
570e1a2a0dc6ce1900204dc1 | What type of fungi help shape rock formations in Antarctica? | cryptoendoliths | [
"Antarctica\n\nAbout 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formatio... |
570e1a2a0dc6ce1900204dc2 | What has the study of fungi in Antarctica shown about these organisms? | adaptations | [
"Antarctica\n\nAbout 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formatio... |
570e1a2a0dc6ce1900204dc3 | How is it postulated that Mars life might have evolved? | similar to Antarctic | [
"Antarctica\n\nAbout 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formatio... |
570e1bd10b85d914000d7ccd | What did the British claim in 2012? | Queen Elizabeth Land | [
"Antarctica\n\nThe Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentin... |
570e1bd10b85d914000d7cce | To what was the claim of land in tribute? | Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee | [
"Antarctica\n\nThe Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentin... |
570e1bd10b85d914000d7ccf | What was the response of the Argentine response to the British land claim? | protest | [
"Antarctica\n\nThe Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentin... |
570e1bd10b85d914000d7cd0 | Of what war was 2012 the anniversary? | Falklands War | [
"Antarctica\n\nThe Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentin... |
570e1bd10b85d914000d7cd1 | When did the British claim Queen Elizabeth Land in Antarctica? | 18 December 2012 | [
"Antarctica\n\nThe Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentin... |
570e1d420b85d914000d7cd7 | The entry of whom has caused some worry about the welfare of Antarctica? | visitors | [
"Antarctica\n\nThere has been some concern over the potential adverse environmental and ecosystem effects caused by the influx of visitors. Some environmentalists and scientists have made a call for stricter regulations for ships and a tourism quota. The primary response by Antarctic Treaty Parties has been to deve... |
570e1d420b85d914000d7cd8 | What do environmentalists want enacted? | stricter regulations | [
"Antarctica\n\nThere has been some concern over the potential adverse environmental and ecosystem effects caused by the influx of visitors. Some environmentalists and scientists have made a call for stricter regulations for ships and a tourism quota. The primary response by Antarctic Treaty Parties has been to deve... |
570e1d420b85d914000d7cd9 | What kind of tourist limit has been asked for by environmentalists? | tourism quota | [
"Antarctica\n\nThere has been some concern over the potential adverse environmental and ecosystem effects caused by the influx of visitors. Some environmentalists and scientists have made a call for stricter regulations for ships and a tourism quota. The primary response by Antarctic Treaty Parties has been to deve... |
570e1d420b85d914000d7cda | What have the authorities produced in response to these requests? | site use guidelines | [
"Antarctica\n\nThere has been some concern over the potential adverse environmental and ecosystem effects caused by the influx of visitors. Some environmentalists and scientists have made a call for stricter regulations for ships and a tourism quota. The primary response by Antarctic Treaty Parties has been to deve... |
570e1d420b85d914000d7cdb | When did an Air New Zealand crash on Mount Erebus? | 1979 | [
"Antarctica\n\nThere has been some concern over the potential adverse environmental and ecosystem effects caused by the influx of visitors. Some environmentalists and scientists have made a call for stricter regulations for ships and a tourism quota. The primary response by Antarctic Treaty Parties has been to deve... |
570e1f340dc6ce1900204dc9 | What group of scientists study tectonics? | Geologists | [
"Antarctica\n\nResearchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with ... |
570e1f340dc6ce1900204dca | Which science is concerned with the study of the dynamics of ice? | Glaciologists | [
"Antarctica\n\nResearchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with ... |
570e1f340dc6ce1900204dcb | Who is interested in the effects of harsh environment on humans? | Biologists | [
"Antarctica\n\nResearchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with ... |
570e1f340dc6ce1900204dcc | What kind of observations use the high elevations and thin atmosphere for viewing space? | astronomical | [
"Antarctica\n\nResearchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with ... |
570e1f340dc6ce1900204dcd | Where is the largest neutrino telescope on Earth? | Amundsen–Scott station. | [
"Antarctica\n\nResearchers include biologists, geologists, oceanographers, physicists, astronomers, glaciologists, and meteorologists. Geologists tend to study plate tectonics, meteorites from outer space, and resources from the breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana. Glaciologists in Antarctica are concerned with ... |
570dabef16d0071400510c8f | Where in Eritrea did Italian scientists find one of the oldest hominids? | Buya | [
"Eritrea\n\nAt Buya in Eritrea, one of the oldest hominids representing a possible link between Homo erectus and an archaic Homo sapiens was found by Italian scientists. Dated to over 1 million years old, it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind and provides a link between hominids and the earliest anatomically m... |
570dabef16d0071400510c90 | How old was the hominid that was found in Eritrea? | over 1 million years | [
"Eritrea\n\nAt Buya in Eritrea, one of the oldest hominids representing a possible link between Homo erectus and an archaic Homo sapiens was found by Italian scientists. Dated to over 1 million years old, it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind and provides a link between hominids and the earliest anatomically m... |
570dabef16d0071400510c91 | What place in Eritrea is believed to have played a major part in human evolution? | section of the Danakil Depression | [
"Eritrea\n\nAt Buya in Eritrea, one of the oldest hominids representing a possible link between Homo erectus and an archaic Homo sapiens was found by Italian scientists. Dated to over 1 million years old, it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind and provides a link between hominids and the earliest anatomically m... |
570dabef16d0071400510c92 | What possible link is represented by the hominid found in Eritrea? | hominids and the earliest anatomically modern humans | [
"Eritrea\n\nAt Buya in Eritrea, one of the oldest hominids representing a possible link between Homo erectus and an archaic Homo sapiens was found by Italian scientists. Dated to over 1 million years old, it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind and provides a link between hominids and the earliest anatomically m... |
570dabef16d0071400510c93 | What is the importance pertaining to the age of the hominid that was found in Eritrea? | it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind | [
"Eritrea\n\nAt Buya in Eritrea, one of the oldest hominids representing a possible link between Homo erectus and an archaic Homo sapiens was found by Italian scientists. Dated to over 1 million years old, it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind and provides a link between hominids and the earliest anatomically m... |
570dacc916d0071400510ca3 | Who was James Bruce? | Scottish traveler | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Su... |
570dacc916d0071400510ca4 | In 1770, who reported that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia? | James Bruce | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Su... |
570dacc916d0071400510ca5 | How is The Bahre-Nagassi translated? | "Kings of the Sea" | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Su... |
570dacc916d0071400510ca6 | What determined whether The Bahre-Nagassi fought with or against the Abyssinians? | geopolitical circumstances | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Su... |
570dacc916d0071400510ca7 | Which century marked the arrival of the Ottomans? | 16th | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi (\"Kings of the Sea\") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Su... |
570dae0816d0071400510cbd | What is the result of the incorporation of independent kingdoms and sultanates? | modern-day Eritrea | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation o... |
570dae0816d0071400510cbe | When did Eritrea join a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethipia and Eritrea? | 1947 | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation o... |
570dae0816d0071400510cbf | What was the result of the War of Independence? | Eritrean independence | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation o... |
570dae0816d0071400510cc0 | What persisted and led to the Eritrean-Ethiopian War of 1998-2000? | Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation o... |
570dae0816d0071400510cc1 | What subsequently led to the Eritran War of Independence? | annexation | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation o... |
570daf12df2f5219002ed0e2 | What is the Gash Group? | an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization | [
"Eritrea\n\nExcavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating ... |
570daf12df2f5219002ed0e3 | What did excavations around Agordat yield the remains of? | the Gash Group | [
"Eritrea\n\nExcavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating ... |
570daf12df2f5219002ed0e4 | Where is Agordat located? | central Eritrea | [
"Eritrea\n\nExcavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating ... |
570daf12df2f5219002ed0e5 | When did the C-Group inhabit the Nile Valley? | between 2500–1500 BC | [
"Eritrea\n\nExcavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating ... |
570daf12df2f5219002ed0e6 | What type of evidence indicated that the C-Group spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber branches? | linguistic | [
"Eritrea\n\nExcavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating ... |
570db00216d0071400510ce1 | What purpose did stelae serve? | religious | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, e... |
570db00216d0071400510ce2 | Who erected a number of large stelae in pre-Christian times? | The Aksumites | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, e... |
570db00216d0071400510ce3 | Which stelae is considered the largest in the world, standing at 90 feet? | the obelisk of Aksum | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, e... |
570db00216d0071400510ce4 | Who eventually adopted Christianity under Ezana? | Aksum | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, e... |
570db00216d0071400510ce5 | Where is the Ark of the Covenant believed to be resting? | Aksum | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, e... |
570db0b7df2f5219002ed0f6 | What is the abbreviation for the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions? | ACABQ | [
"Eritrea\n\nEritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction an... |
570db0b7df2f5219002ed0f7 | What does the acronym INTERPOL stand for? | International Criminal Police Organization | [
"Eritrea\n\nEritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction an... |
570db0b7df2f5219002ed0f8 | Which league is Eritrea an observing member of? | Arab League | [
"Eritrea\n\nEritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction an... |
570db26616d0071400510cf5 | Who ruled Aksum and also governed the port of Adulis? | Zoskales | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite curre... |
570db26616d0071400510cf6 | How did the Aksumite rulers facilitate trade? | by minting their own Aksumite currency | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite curre... |
570db26616d0071400510cf7 | Which kingdoms did Aksum regularly enter the politics of? | on the Arabian peninsula | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite curre... |
570db26616d0071400510cf8 | Who did Aksum conquer in order to extend its rule over the Arabian peninsula? | Himyarite Kingdom | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite curre... |
570db26616d0071400510cf9 | Where was Ivory exported according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea? | throughout the ancient world | [
"Eritrea\n\nThe kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite curre... |
570db36a16d0071400510cff | When was the Eritrean Railway completed in Saati? | 1888 | [
"Eritrea\n\nIn 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the ... |
570db36a16d0071400510d00 | When did the Eritrean Railway reach the Asmara highlands? | 1911 | [
"Eritrea\n\nIn 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the ... |
570db36a16d0071400510d01 | What was the longest line in the world during its time? | The Asmara–Massawa Cableway | [
"Eritrea\n\nIn 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the ... |
570db36a16d0071400510d02 | Who dismantled the Asmara-Massawa Cableway? | the British | [
"Eritrea\n\nIn 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the ... |
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