id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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56d196b2e7d4791d00902067 | Besides the children's fascination with Boo, the first part of the book was concerned about their feelings for what? | the neighborhood | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nWhen the book was released, reviewers noted that it was divided into two parts, and opinion was mixed about Lee's ability to connect them. The first part of the novel concerns the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood. Reviewers... |
56d196b2e7d4791d00902068 | Lee's detailed explanations of the characters' behaviors caused one writer to catagorize the book as what? | Southern romantic regionalism | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nWhen the book was released, reviewers noted that it was divided into two parts, and opinion was mixed about Lee's ability to connect them. The first part of the novel concerns the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood. Reviewers... |
56d196b2e7d4791d00902069 | Scout defined people doing the best they could with what they had as who? | fine folks | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nWhen the book was released, reviewers noted that it was divided into two parts, and opinion was mixed about Lee's ability to connect them. The first part of the novel concerns the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood. Reviewers... |
56d196b2e7d4791d0090206a | What drives the plot of the book more than the characters? | The South itself | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nWhen the book was released, reviewers noted that it was divided into two parts, and opinion was mixed about Lee's ability to connect them. The first part of the novel concerns the children's fascination with Boo Radley and their feelings of safety and comfort in the neighborhood. Reviewers... |
56d261f359d6e41400145f36 | Who is the main example of an innocent destroyed in the novel? | Tom Robinson | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nTom Robinson is the chief example among several innocents destroyed carelessly or deliberately throughout the novel. However, scholar Christopher Metress connects the mockingbird to Boo Radley: \"Instead of wanting to exploit Boo for her own fun (as she does in the beginning of the novel b... |
56d261f359d6e41400145f37 | What does Scout see symbollically as a mockingbird? | Boo Radley | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nTom Robinson is the chief example among several innocents destroyed carelessly or deliberately throughout the novel. However, scholar Christopher Metress connects the mockingbird to Boo Radley: \"Instead of wanting to exploit Boo for her own fun (as she does in the beginning of the novel b... |
56d261f359d6e41400145f38 | According to Atticus, most people are how when you truly view them? | real nice | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nTom Robinson is the chief example among several innocents destroyed carelessly or deliberately throughout the novel. However, scholar Christopher Metress connects the mockingbird to Boo Radley: \"Instead of wanting to exploit Boo for her own fun (as she does in the beginning of the novel b... |
56d2639159d6e41400145f48 | Reviewer R. A. Dave classified the novel how? | classical tragedy | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nThe novel exposes the loss of innocence so frequently that reviewer R. A. Dave claims that because every character has to face, or even suffer defeat, the book takes on elements of a classical tragedy. In exploring how each character deals with his or her own personal defeat, Lee builds a ... |
56d3949f59d6e414001467b8 | What newspaper wrote that the novel has strong contemporary national significance? | The Chicago Sunday Tribune | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nInitial reactions to the novel were varied. The New Yorker declared it \"skilled, unpretentious, and totally ingenious\", and The Atlantic Monthly's reviewer rated it as \"pleasant, undemanding reading\", but found the narrative voice—\"a six-year-old girl with the prose style of a well-ed... |
56d3958659d6e414001467c5 | Which reviewer called the book melodramatic and contrived? | Granville Hicks | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nNot all reviewers were enthusiastic. Some lamented the use of poor white Southerners, and one-dimensional black victims, and Granville Hicks labeled the book \"melodramatic and contrived\". When the book was first released, Southern writer Flannery O'Connor commented, \"I think for a child... |
56d3958659d6e414001467c6 | Which Southern writer deemed it a child's book? | Flannery O'Connor | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nNot all reviewers were enthusiastic. Some lamented the use of poor white Southerners, and one-dimensional black victims, and Granville Hicks labeled the book \"melodramatic and contrived\". When the book was first released, Southern writer Flannery O'Connor commented, \"I think for a child... |
56d3977059d6e414001467d5 | Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie vompared Lee to whom? | William Faulkner | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nThe 50th anniversary of the novel's release was met with celebrations and reflections on its impact. Eric Zorn of the Chicago Tribune praises Lee's \"rich use of language\" but writes that the central lesson is that \"courage isn't always flashy, isn't always enough, but is always in style... |
56d3977059d6e414001467d6 | Rosemary Goring connected Lee to whom? | Jane Austen | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nThe 50th anniversary of the novel's release was met with celebrations and reflections on its impact. Eric Zorn of the Chicago Tribune praises Lee's \"rich use of language\" but writes that the central lesson is that \"courage isn't always flashy, isn't always enough, but is always in style... |
56d3988759d6e414001467e1 | Who criticized Lee in The Wall Street Journal? | Allen Barra | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nNative Alabamian Allen Barra sharply criticized Lee and the novel in The Wall Street Journal calling Atticus a \"repository of cracker-barrel epigrams\" and the novel represents a \"sugar-coated myth\" of Alabama history. Barra writes, \"It's time to stop pretending that To Kill a Mockingb... |
56d3988759d6e414001467e2 | Who wrote that the book forces readers to question issues without resolving them? | Akin Ajayi | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nNative Alabamian Allen Barra sharply criticized Lee and the novel in The Wall Street Journal calling Atticus a \"repository of cracker-barrel epigrams\" and the novel represents a \"sugar-coated myth\" of Alabama history. Barra writes, \"It's time to stop pretending that To Kill a Mockingb... |
56d3d0c42ccc5a1400d82eac | Which character has some critics deemed a variation of a contented slave? | Calpurnia | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nFurthermore, despite the novel's thematic focus on racial injustice, its black characters are not fully examined. In its use of racial epithets, stereotyped depictions of superstitious blacks, and Calpurnia, who to some critics is an updated version of the \"contented slave\" motif and to ... |
56d3d0c42ccc5a1400d82ead | According to one consultant, which group found the book demoralizing? | black students | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nFurthermore, despite the novel's thematic focus on racial injustice, its black characters are not fully examined. In its use of racial epithets, stereotyped depictions of superstitious blacks, and Calpurnia, who to some critics is an updated version of the \"contented slave\" motif and to ... |
56d3d0c42ccc5a1400d82eae | Michael Lund criticized the novel for demonizing whom? | poor rural "white trash" | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nFurthermore, despite the novel's thematic focus on racial injustice, its black characters are not fully examined. In its use of racial epithets, stereotyped depictions of superstitious blacks, and Calpurnia, who to some critics is an updated version of the \"contented slave\" motif and to ... |
56d3e0852ccc5a1400d82f0f | According to Diane McWhorter, every child in the South had to face what? | the harsh reality of inequality | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nDiane McWhorter, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian of the Birmingham civil rights campaign, asserts that To Kill a Mockingbird condemns racism instead of racists, and states that every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality o... |
56d3e0852ccc5a1400d82f10 | McWhorter wrote that the existance of the book was what? | an act of protest | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nDiane McWhorter, Pulitzer Prize-winning historian of the Birmingham civil rights campaign, asserts that To Kill a Mockingbird condemns racism instead of racists, and states that every child in the South has moments of racial cognitive dissonance when they are faced with the harsh reality o... |
56d3f1872ccc5a1400d82f75 | How do the citizens of Monroeville quote lines of the book? | like Scripture | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nAccording to a National Geographic article, the novel is so revered in Monroeville that people quote lines from it like Scripture; yet Harper Lee herself refused to attend any performances, because \"she abhors anything that trades on the book's fame\". To underscore this sentiment, Lee de... |
56d3f1872ccc5a1400d82f77 | What do the Monroeville townspeople call tourists to their town? | Mockingbird groupies | [
"To_Kill_a_Mockingbird\n\nAccording to a National Geographic article, the novel is so revered in Monroeville that people quote lines from it like Scripture; yet Harper Lee herself refused to attend any performances, because \"she abhors anything that trades on the book's fame\". To underscore this sentiment, Lee de... |
56ce55feaab44d1400b886ce | Where does solar energy come from? | the Sun | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis."
] |
56ce55feaab44d1400b886cf | What kind of energy consists of the light and heat provided by the Sun? | Solar energy | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis."
] |
56ce9034aab44d1400b8888f | What technologies are used to harness solar energy from the sun? | solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis."
] |
56ce9034aab44d1400b88890 | What is solar energy? | radiant light and heat from the Sun | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis."
] |
56ce59c8aab44d1400b886dc | How many terawatts of solar radiation does the Earth receive? | 174,000 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThe Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visib... |
56ce59c8aab44d1400b886dd | What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back by the atmosphere? | 30% | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThe Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visib... |
56ce59c8aab44d1400b886de | The areas that people live in typically receive what range of kWh/m2 per day? | 3.5 to 7.0 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThe Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visib... |
56cfb6bb234ae51400d9becf | How many terrawatts of radiation does the earth receive? | 174,000 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThe Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visib... |
56cfb6bb234ae51400d9bed0 | How much of the solar radiation is reflected back into space? | Approximately 30% | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThe Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visib... |
56cfb6bb234ae51400d9bed1 | What are the insolation levels of most populated areas? | 150 to 300 watts per square meter or 3.5 to 7.0 kWh/m2 per day | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThe Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visib... |
56cfb6bb234ae51400d9bed2 | Where is the solar radiation not reflected back to space absorbed? | clouds, oceans and land masses | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThe Earth receives 174,000 terawatts (TW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visib... |
56ce5a8faab44d1400b886e2 | The Earth's oceans cover what percentage of the globe? | 71 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water... |
56ce5a8faab44d1400b886e3 | What is the average temperature of the Earth's surface in Celsius? | 14 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water... |
56ce5a8faab44d1400b886e4 | What is the process by which green plants convert solar energy to stored energy? | photosynthesis | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water... |
56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef5 | How much of the earth is covered by oceans? | about 71% | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water... |
56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef6 | What is the cause of atmospheric circulation? | Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water... |
56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef7 | How does the water vapor that rises in warm air turn into clouds? | When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water... |
56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef8 | What creates wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones? | The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water... |
56cfb8ea234ae51400d9bef9 | What is the process in which plants convert solar energy into stored energy called? | photosynthesis | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar radiation is absorbed by the Earth's land surface, oceans – which cover about 71% of the globe – and atmosphere. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water... |
56ce5b66aab44d1400b886e8 | Each year the Earth absorbs how much solar energy in exajoules? | 3,850,000 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThe total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy... |
56ce5b66aab44d1400b886e9 | In 2002, the Sun provided more energy in one hour than humans used in what span of time? | one year | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThe total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy... |
56ce5b66aab44d1400b886ea | How much energy in exajoules does photosynthesis capture each year? | 3,000 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThe total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy... |
56ce5b66aab44d1400b886eb | Twice the amount of energy obtainable by all the non-renewable sources on Earth can be provided by the Sun in what span of time? | one year | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThe total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy... |
56cfb9bf234ae51400d9bf07 | What is the amount of solar energy absorbed by the earth? | approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThe total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy... |
56cfb9bf234ae51400d9bf08 | How much solar energy is captured by photosynthesis? | approximately 3,000 EJ per year | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThe total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy... |
56cfb9bf234ae51400d9bf09 | The amount of solar energy per year is twice as much as the energy that will ever be produced from what resources? | coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThe total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy... |
56ce5ce6aab44d1400b886f5 | Where do the majority of renewable energies derive their energy from? | the Sun | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers prima... |
56cfc773234ae51400d9bf53 | How are solar technologies defined? | passive or active | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers prima... |
56cfc773234ae51400d9bf54 | What is one way that characterizes solar technologies as passive or active? | depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers prima... |
56cfc773234ae51400d9bf55 | Which renewable energies do not acquire their energy from the sun? | geothermal and tidal | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers prima... |
56cfc773234ae51400d9bf56 | How do renewable energies acquire energy from the sun? | direct or indirect | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers prima... |
56ce5d70aab44d1400b886f7 | Are supply side solar technologies generally active or passive? | Active | [
"Solar_energy\n\nActive solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referenc... |
56ce5d70aab44d1400b886f8 | Are demand side solar technologies generally active or passive? | Passive | [
"Solar_energy\n\nActive solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referenc... |
56cfdf65234ae51400d9bfce | What is an active solar technique used to generate energy? | designing spaces that naturally circulate air | [
"Solar_energy\n\nActive solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referenc... |
56cfdf65234ae51400d9bfcf | What does an active solar technique do? | increase the supply of energy | [
"Solar_energy\n\nActive solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referenc... |
56cfdf65234ae51400d9bfd0 | What does a passive solar technique do? | reduce the need for alternate resources | [
"Solar_energy\n\nActive solar techniques use photovoltaics, concentrated solar power, solar thermal collectors, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referenc... |
56ce5df9aab44d1400b886fd | What was the name of the inventor who built a solar engine in 1897? | Frank Shuman | [
"Solar_energy\n\nIn 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powere... |
56ce5df9aab44d1400b886fe | In what year was the Sun Power Company formed? | 1908 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nIn 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powere... |
56ce5df9aab44d1400b886ff | Shuman patented his solar engine system in what year? | 1912 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nIn 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powere... |
56cfe67b234ae51400d9c031 | Who is Frank Shuman? | a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer | [
"Solar_energy\n\nIn 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powere... |
56cfe67b234ae51400d9c032 | In what year did solar engine build his solar engine? | 1897 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nIn 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powere... |
56cfe67b234ae51400d9c033 | What was the solar engine used to power? | steam engine | [
"Solar_energy\n\nIn 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powere... |
56cfe67b234ae51400d9c034 | In what year was the Sun Power Company established? | 1908 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nIn 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powere... |
56cfe67b234ae51400d9c035 | In what year did Frank Shuman patent his solar engine? | 1912 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nIn 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powere... |
56ce5e5baab44d1400b88703 | Where did Shuman build the world's first solar thermal power station? | Maadi, Egypt | [
"Solar_energy\n\nShuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent... |
56ce5e5baab44d1400b88704 | How many liters of water per minute did Shuman's engine pump in litres? | 22,000 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nShuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent... |
56ce5e5baab44d1400b88705 | In what decade were Shuman's ideas about solar energy revived? | the 1970s | [
"Solar_energy\n\nShuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent... |
56cfe88d234ae51400d9c073 | Where was the first solar thermal power plant built? | Maadi, Egypt | [
"Solar_energy\n\nShuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent... |
56cfe88d234ae51400d9c074 | What was used to power the plants engine? | parabolic troughs | [
"Solar_energy\n\nShuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent... |
56cfe88d234ae51400d9c075 | From what river did the engine pump water? | Nile River | [
"Solar_energy\n\nShuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent... |
56cfe88d234ae51400d9c076 | What slowed down the growth of solar energy? | the outbreak of World War I and the discovery of cheap oil | [
"Solar_energy\n\nShuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent... |
56cfe88d234ae51400d9c077 | When was the interest in solar energy restored? | the 1970s | [
"Solar_energy\n\nShuman built the world’s first solar thermal power station in Maadi, Egypt, between 1912 and 1913. Shuman’s plant used parabolic troughs to power a 45–52 kilowatts (60–70 hp) engine that pumped more than 22,000 litres (4,800 imp gal; 5,800 US gal) of water per minute from the Nile River to adjacent... |
56ce5e92aab44d1400b88709 | According to Shuman, up to what percentage of domestic hot water can be provided by solar heating systems? | 70 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) ... |
56cfe96c234ae51400d9c091 | What do Solar hot water systems use to heat water? | sunlight | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) ... |
56cfe96c234ae51400d9c092 | How much hot water can be produced by solar heating systems in low geographical latitudes? | 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) ... |
56cfe96c234ae51400d9c093 | What is a common type of solar water heater? | evacuated tube collectors | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) ... |
56cfe96c234ae51400d9c094 | What type of solar water heater is used to heat pools? | unglazed plastic collectors | [
"Solar_energy\n\nSolar hot water systems use sunlight to heat water. In low geographical latitudes (below 40 degrees) from 60 to 70% of the domestic hot water use with temperatures up to 60 °C can be provided by solar heating systems. The most common types of solar water heaters are evacuated tube collectors (44%) ... |
56ce5f4aaab44d1400b8870b | What was the total capacity of solar hot water systems in 2007 in gigawatts? | 154 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nAs of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of sola... |
56ce5f4aaab44d1400b8870c | Over 90% of homes use solar hot water systems in which two countries? | Israel and Cyprus | [
"Solar_energy\n\nAs of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of sola... |
56cfea9a234ae51400d9c0ab | What is the capacity of a solar hot water system? | approximately 154 thermal gigawatt | [
"Solar_energy\n\nAs of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of sola... |
56cfea9a234ae51400d9c0ac | What country is the leader in the implementation of solar powered hot water systems? | China | [
"Solar_energy\n\nAs of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of sola... |
56cfea9a234ae51400d9c0ad | What percentage of households use solar hot water systems in Israel and Cyprus? | over 90% | [
"Solar_energy\n\nAs of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of sola... |
56cfea9a234ae51400d9c0ae | In what countries is the use to solar hot water used mainly for w=swimming pools? | United States, Canada and Australia | [
"Solar_energy\n\nAs of 2007, the total installed capacity of solar hot water systems is approximately 154 thermal gigawatt (GWth). China is the world leader in their deployment with 70 GWth installed as of 2006 and a long-term goal of 210 GWth by 2020. Israel and Cyprus are the per capita leaders in the use of sola... |
56ce5f72aab44d1400b8870f | What percentage of energy in commercial buildings comes from HVAC systems? | 50 | [
"Solar_energy\n\nIn the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a... |
56cfebbd234ae51400d9c0c7 | How much energy does an HVAC system use in commercial locations? | 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) | [
"Solar_energy\n\nIn the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a... |
56cfebbd234ae51400d9c0c8 | How much energy does an HVAC system use in residential locations? | 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) | [
"Solar_energy\n\nIn the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a... |
56cfebbd234ae51400d9c0c9 | What can be used to balance out a portion of the energy used by HVAC systems? | Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies | [
"Solar_energy\n\nIn the United States, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 30% (4.65 EJ/yr) of the energy used in commercial buildings and nearly 50% (10.1 EJ/yr) of the energy used in residential buildings. Solar heating, cooling and ventilation technologies can be used to offset a... |
56ce5ff2aab44d1400b88711 | Materials that can be used to store heat are known as what kind of mass? | Thermal | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy duri... |
56cfee97234ae51400d9c103 | What is thermal mass? | any material that can be used to store heat | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy duri... |
56cfee97234ae51400d9c104 | What are typical thermal mass material? | stone, cement and water | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy duri... |
56cfee97234ae51400d9c105 | How is thermal mass used to keep buildings cool? | by absorbing solar energy during the day and radiating stored heat to the cooler atmosphere at night | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy duri... |
56cfee97234ae51400d9c106 | What is a something that determines the size of thermal mass? | climates | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy duri... |
56cfee97234ae51400d9c107 | What does thermal mass reduce the need for? | auxiliary heating and cooling equipment | [
"Solar_energy\n\nThermal mass is any material that can be used to store heat—heat from the Sun in the case of solar energy. Common thermal mass materials include stone, cement and water. Historically they have been used in arid climates or warm temperate regions to keep buildings cool by absorbing solar energy duri... |
56ce602faab44d1400b88713 | What kind of system is a solar chimney? | passive solar ventilation | [
"Solar_energy\n\nA solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be impr... |
56cff05a234ae51400d9c11d | What is a solar chimney? | a passive solar ventilation system | [
"Solar_energy\n\nA solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be impr... |
56cff05a234ae51400d9c11e | What is a solar chimney made of? | a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building | [
"Solar_energy\n\nA solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be impr... |
56cff05a234ae51400d9c11f | How can the performance of a solar chimney be improved? | by using glazing and thermal mass materials in a way that mimics greenhouses | [
"Solar_energy\n\nA solar chimney (or thermal chimney, in this context) is a passive solar ventilation system composed of a vertical shaft connecting the interior and exterior of a building. As the chimney warms, the air inside is heated causing an updraft that pulls air through the building. Performance can be impr... |
56ce60e4aab44d1400b88715 | The placement of deciduous trees on the Equator facing side of a building can have a negative effect on solar availability in which season? | winter | [
"Solar_energy\n\nDeciduous trees and plants have been promoted as a means of controlling solar heating and cooling. When planted on the southern side of a building in the northern hemisphere or the northern side in the southern hemisphere, their leaves provide shade during the summer, while the bare limbs allow lig... |
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