id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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56d1d2c4e7d4791d00902244 | The origin of dukkha is explained as craving conditioned by what? | ignorance | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe second truth is that the origin of dukkha can be known. Within the context of the four noble truths, the origin of dukkha is commonly explained as craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance (Pali: avijja). On a deeper level, the root cause of dukkha is identified as ignorance (Pali: avijja) of ... |
56d1d2c4e7d4791d00902245 | The root cause of dukkha is identified as ignorance of what? | true nature of things | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe second truth is that the origin of dukkha can be known. Within the context of the four noble truths, the origin of dukkha is commonly explained as craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance (Pali: avijja). On a deeper level, the root cause of dukkha is identified as ignorance (Pali: avijja) of ... |
56d1d2c4e7d4791d00902246 | The third noble truth is that the complete cessation of what is possible? | dukkha | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe second truth is that the origin of dukkha can be known. Within the context of the four noble truths, the origin of dukkha is commonly explained as craving (Pali: tanha) conditioned by ignorance (Pali: avijja). On a deeper level, the root cause of dukkha is identified as ignorance (Pali: avijja) of ... |
56d0a745234ae51400d9c3fa | What is the fourth of the Buddha's Four Noble Truths? | The Noble Eightfold Path | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech... |
56d0a745234ae51400d9c3fb | What is the purpose of the Noble Eightfold Path? | lead to the cessation of dukkha | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech... |
56d0a745234ae51400d9c3fc | What are the eight factors of the Noble Eightfold Path? | Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech... |
56d1358ee7d4791d00902007 | The Noble Eightfold Path is which of Buddha's Truths? | the fourth | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech... |
56d1358ee7d4791d00902008 | The fourth truth consists of how many factors? | Eight | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech... |
56d1358ee7d4791d00902009 | What is the end goal of the Fourth Truth? | the cessation of dukkha | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech... |
56d1358ee7d4791d0090200a | What is one of the eight factors? | Right Action | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech... |
56d1d3e4e7d4791d0090225b | The Noble Eightfold Path is which Noble Truth? | the fourth | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech... |
56d1d3e4e7d4791d0090225c | The noble Eightfold path is a set of how many inerconnected factors? | eight | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech... |
56d1d3e4e7d4791d0090225d | When the eight factors are developed together, is leads to the cessation of what? | dukkha | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Noble Eightfold Path—the fourth of the Buddha's Noble Truths—consists of a set of eight interconnected factors or conditions, that when developed together, lead to the cessation of dukkha. These eight factors are: Right View (or Right Understanding), Right Intention (or Right Thought), Right Speech... |
56d0a894234ae51400d9c400 | Who describes the Noble Eightfold Path as "a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other."? | Ajahn Sucitto | [
"Buddhism\n\nAjahn Sucitto describes the path as \"a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other.\" The eight factors of the path are not to be understood as stages, in which each stage is completed before moving on to the next. Rather, they are understood as eight significant dimensions ... |
56d0a895234ae51400d9c401 | How are the eight factors of the Noble Eightfold Path to be understood? | as eight significant dimensions of one's behaviour | [
"Buddhism\n\nAjahn Sucitto describes the path as \"a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other.\" The eight factors of the path are not to be understood as stages, in which each stage is completed before moving on to the next. Rather, they are understood as eight significant dimensions ... |
56d1d4cce7d4791d00902270 | What can one's behaviour be divided into? | mental, spoken, and bodily | [
"Buddhism\n\nAjahn Sucitto describes the path as \"a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other.\" The eight factors of the path are not to be understood as stages, in which each stage is completed before moving on to the next. Rather, they are understood as eight significant dimensions ... |
56d1d4cce7d4791d00902271 | Who describes the path as "a mandala of interconnected factor that support and moderate each other"? | Ajahn Sucitto | [
"Buddhism\n\nAjahn Sucitto describes the path as \"a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other.\" The eight factors of the path are not to be understood as stages, in which each stage is completed before moving on to the next. Rather, they are understood as eight significant dimensions ... |
56d0a987234ae51400d9c404 | During his search for enlightenment, Gautama combined what teachings? | the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as "the immeasurables" | [
"Buddhism\n\nWhile he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as \"the immeasurables\".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the \"Four Immeasurable M... |
56d0a987234ae51400d9c405 | What was the new kind of human invented by Gautama? | one without egotism | [
"Buddhism\n\nWhile he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as \"the immeasurables\".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the \"Four Immeasurable M... |
56d0a987234ae51400d9c406 | What are the Four Immeasurable Minds also known as? | brahmaviharas, divine abodes, or simply as four immeasurables | [
"Buddhism\n\nWhile he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as \"the immeasurables\".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the \"Four Immeasurable M... |
56d0a987234ae51400d9c407 | What is the best known of the four immeasurables? | mettā or loving-kindness meditation | [
"Buddhism\n\nWhile he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as \"the immeasurables\".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the \"Four Immeasurable M... |
56d0a987234ae51400d9c408 | The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of meditation that cultivates what? | wholesome attitudes towards all sentient beings | [
"Buddhism\n\nWhile he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as \"the immeasurables\".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the \"Four Immeasurable M... |
56d1d5e8e7d4791d0090227f | Gautama combined the yoga practice of what teacher? | Kalama | [
"Buddhism\n\nWhile he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as \"the immeasurables\".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the \"Four Immeasurable M... |
56d1d5e8e7d4791d00902280 | Gautama invented a new kind of human without what? | egotism | [
"Buddhism\n\nWhile he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as \"the immeasurables\".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the \"Four Immeasurable M... |
56d1d5e8e7d4791d00902281 | What are the "four Immeasurable minds"? | love, compassion, joy, and equanimity | [
"Buddhism\n\nWhile he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as \"the immeasurables\".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the \"Four Immeasurable M... |
56d1d5e8e7d4791d00902282 | Who calls the four immeasurable minds "four limitless ones"? | Pema Chödrön | [
"Buddhism\n\nWhile he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as \"the immeasurables\".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the \"Four Immeasurable M... |
56d1d5e8e7d4791d00902283 | The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of what? | meditation | [
"Buddhism\n\nWhile he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as \"the immeasurables\".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the \"Four Immeasurable M... |
56d0a9c3234ae51400d9c40e | When did Gautama Buddha discover the Middle Way? | prior to his enlightenment | [
"Buddhism\n\nAn important guiding principle of Buddhist practice is the Middle Way (or Middle Path), which is said to have been discovered by Gautama Buddha prior to his enlightenment. The Middle Way has several definitions:"
] |
56d1d643e7d4791d00902289 | An important guiding priciple of Buddhist practice is what? | the Middle Way | [
"Buddhism\n\nAn important guiding principle of Buddhist practice is the Middle Way (or Middle Path), which is said to have been discovered by Gautama Buddha prior to his enlightenment. The Middle Way has several definitions:"
] |
56d1d643e7d4791d0090228a | Guatama discovered the middle path before his what? | enlightenment | [
"Buddhism\n\nAn important guiding principle of Buddhist practice is the Middle Way (or Middle Path), which is said to have been discovered by Gautama Buddha prior to his enlightenment. The Middle Way has several definitions:"
] |
56d0aa5a234ae51400d9c410 | What are some of the theories and philosophies produced by Buddhist scholars? | Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism | [
"Buddhism\n\nBuddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism). Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice."
] |
56d0aa5a234ae51400d9c411 | Does Buddhism encourage or discourage doctrinal studies? | Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice. | [
"Buddhism\n\nBuddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism). Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice."
] |
56d1d6fae7d4791d0090228d | Who has produced a number of theories and concepts such as Abhidharma and Reality in Buddhism? | Buddhist scholars | [
"Buddhism\n\nBuddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism). Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice."
] |
56d1d6fae7d4791d0090228e | Some schools within Buddhism discourage what type of study? | doctrinal | [
"Buddhism\n\nBuddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism). Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice."
] |
56d0ac6c234ae51400d9c414 | What is the goal of the Buddhist path? | liberation | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe concept of liberation (nirvāṇa)—the goal of the Buddhist path—is closely related to overcoming ignorance (avidyā), a fundamental misunderstanding or mis-perception of the nature of reality. In awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena one develops dispassion for the objects of clin... |
56d0ac6c234ae51400d9c415 | Upon awakening to the true nature of the self, what is one is liberated from? | suffering (dukkha) and the cycle of incessant rebirths (saṃsāra) | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe concept of liberation (nirvāṇa)—the goal of the Buddhist path—is closely related to overcoming ignorance (avidyā), a fundamental misunderstanding or mis-perception of the nature of reality. In awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena one develops dispassion for the objects of clin... |
56d1d7cbe7d4791d00902291 | Liberation is know as what? | nirvāṇa | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe concept of liberation (nirvāṇa)—the goal of the Buddhist path—is closely related to overcoming ignorance (avidyā), a fundamental misunderstanding or mis-perception of the nature of reality. In awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena one develops dispassion for the objects of clin... |
56d1d7cbe7d4791d00902292 | What is the goal of the buddhist path? | nirvāṇa | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe concept of liberation (nirvāṇa)—the goal of the Buddhist path—is closely related to overcoming ignorance (avidyā), a fundamental misunderstanding or mis-perception of the nature of reality. In awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena one develops dispassion for the objects of clin... |
56d1d7cbe7d4791d00902293 | In awakening to the true nature of the self, one no longer care about what? | objects | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe concept of liberation (nirvāṇa)—the goal of the Buddhist path—is closely related to overcoming ignorance (avidyā), a fundamental misunderstanding or mis-perception of the nature of reality. In awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena one develops dispassion for the objects of clin... |
56d1d7cbe7d4791d00902294 | Buddha recommended viewing thing by how many marks of existence? | three | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe concept of liberation (nirvāṇa)—the goal of the Buddhist path—is closely related to overcoming ignorance (avidyā), a fundamental misunderstanding or mis-perception of the nature of reality. In awakening to the true nature of the self and all phenomena one develops dispassion for the objects of clin... |
56d0b63c234ae51400d9c418 | What is the meaning of impermanence in Buddhism? | all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent | [
"Buddhism\n\nImpermanence (Pāli: anicca) expresses the Buddhist notion that all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent. Everything we can experience through our senses is made up of parts, and its existence is dependent on external conditions. Ever... |
56d0b63c234ae51400d9c419 | According to the Buddhist doctrine of impermanence, how does life express impermanence? | in the aging process, the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra), and in any experience of loss | [
"Buddhism\n\nImpermanence (Pāli: anicca) expresses the Buddhist notion that all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent. Everything we can experience through our senses is made up of parts, and its existence is dependent on external conditions. Ever... |
56d0b63c234ae51400d9c41a | Why is attachment to things futile? | because things are impermanent | [
"Buddhism\n\nImpermanence (Pāli: anicca) expresses the Buddhist notion that all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent. Everything we can experience through our senses is made up of parts, and its existence is dependent on external conditions. Ever... |
56d1e224e7d4791d0090233a | What is in a constant flux? | Everything | [
"Buddhism\n\nImpermanence (Pāli: anicca) expresses the Buddhist notion that all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent. Everything we can experience through our senses is made up of parts, and its existence is dependent on external conditions. Ever... |
56d1e224e7d4791d0090233b | Everything is continuously coming into being and what? | ceasing to be | [
"Buddhism\n\nImpermanence (Pāli: anicca) expresses the Buddhist notion that all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent. Everything we can experience through our senses is made up of parts, and its existence is dependent on external conditions. Ever... |
56d1e224e7d4791d0090233c | The cycle of rebirth is also called what? | saṃsāra | [
"Buddhism\n\nImpermanence (Pāli: anicca) expresses the Buddhist notion that all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent. Everything we can experience through our senses is made up of parts, and its existence is dependent on external conditions. Ever... |
56d1e224e7d4791d0090233d | According to doctrine, because all thing don't last, attachment can lead to what? | suffering | [
"Buddhism\n\nImpermanence (Pāli: anicca) expresses the Buddhist notion that all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent. Everything we can experience through our senses is made up of parts, and its existence is dependent on external conditions. Ever... |
56d0b98f234ae51400d9c41e | The term dukkha corresponds to what English terms? | suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration | [
"Buddhism\n\nSuffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration. Alt... |
56d0b98f234ae51400d9c41f | Dukkha is often translated as suffering, but the philosophical meaning of dukkha of more closely related to what term? | disquietude | [
"Buddhism\n\nSuffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration. Alt... |
56d0b98f234ae51400d9c420 | Buddhism seeks to be neither pessimistic or optimistic, but what? | realistic | [
"Buddhism\n\nSuffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration. Alt... |
56d1e3efe7d4791d00902343 | Suffering is a central concept in what? | Buddhism | [
"Buddhism\n\nSuffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration. Alt... |
56d1e3efe7d4791d00902344 | The philosophical meaning of suffering is close what term? | disquietude | [
"Buddhism\n\nSuffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration. Alt... |
56d1e3efe7d4791d00902345 | The condition of being disturbed is what? | disquietude | [
"Buddhism\n\nSuffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration. Alt... |
56d1e3efe7d4791d00902346 | In translation what term is often left untranslated to keep of fuller definition? | dukkha | [
"Buddhism\n\nSuffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration. Alt... |
56d0bb66234ae51400d9c424 | What is the third mark of existence in Buddhism? | Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) | [
"Buddhism\n\nNot-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really \"I\" or \"mine\"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaini... |
56d0bb66234ae51400d9c425 | The Buddha rejected the metaphysical assertions "I have a Self" and "I have no Self" as views that bind one to what? | suffering | [
"Buddhism\n\nNot-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really \"I\" or \"mine\"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaini... |
56d0bb66234ae51400d9c426 | What was the answer given when the Buddha was asked if the body is the same as the self? | the Buddha refused to answer | [
"Buddhism\n\nNot-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really \"I\" or \"mine\"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaini... |
56d0bb66234ae51400d9c427 | What is the conclusion that one comes to when analyzing the changing physical and mental components or person or thing? | neither the respective parts nor the person as a whole comprise a self | [
"Buddhism\n\nNot-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really \"I\" or \"mine\"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaini... |
56d1e4f7e7d4791d00902391 | What is the 3rd mark of existence? | Not-self | [
"Buddhism\n\nNot-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really \"I\" or \"mine\"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaini... |
56d1e4f7e7d4791d00902392 | In what form is anatta not meant as a metaphysical assertion? | Nikayas | [
"Buddhism\n\nNot-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really \"I\" or \"mine\"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaini... |
56d1e4f7e7d4791d00902393 | Buddha rejected the assertion "I have a Self" and what other related assertion? | "I have no Self" | [
"Buddhism\n\nNot-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really \"I\" or \"mine\"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaini... |
56d1e4f7e7d4791d00902394 | What is the term for constantly changing physical and mental parts? | skandhas | [
"Buddhism\n\nNot-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really \"I\" or \"mine\"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaini... |
56d0bc53234ae51400d9c42c | What is the name of the Buddhist doctrine that states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect? | pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics. It states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect. It is variously rendered into Engl... |
56d0bc53234ae51400d9c42d | Translated into English, what does pratītyasamutpāda mean? | "dependent origination", "conditioned genesis", "dependent relationship", "dependent co-arising", "interdependent arising", or "contingency" | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics. It states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect. It is variously rendered into Engl... |
56d1e7abe7d4791d00902407 | The doctrine of pratityasumatupada is a important part of what type of metaphysics? | Buddhist | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics. It states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect. It is variously rendered into Engl... |
56d0bc8f234ae51400d9c430 | What is the most common application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda? | the scheme of Twelve Nidānas | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe best-known application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda is the scheme of Twelve Nidānas (from Pāli \"nidāna\" meaning \"cause, foundation, source or origin\"), which explain the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail.[note 10]"
] |
56d0bc8f234ae51400d9c431 | What does the scheme of Twelve Nidānas explain? | the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail. | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe best-known application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda is the scheme of Twelve Nidānas (from Pāli \"nidāna\" meaning \"cause, foundation, source or origin\"), which explain the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail.[note 10]"
] |
56d1e81be7d4791d00902429 | An application of the idea of pratityasamutpada is the scheme of what? | Twelve Nidānas | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe best-known application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda is the scheme of Twelve Nidānas (from Pāli \"nidāna\" meaning \"cause, foundation, source or origin\"), which explain the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail.[note 10]"
] |
56d1e81be7d4791d0090242a | What doe nidana mean? | cause, foundation, source or origin | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe best-known application of the concept of pratītyasamutpāda is the scheme of Twelve Nidānas (from Pāli \"nidāna\" meaning \"cause, foundation, source or origin\"), which explain the continuation of the cycle of suffering and rebirth (saṃsāra) in detail.[note 10]"
] |
56d0bcc5234ae51400d9c434 | What describes the connection between the conditions of cyclic existence? | The Twelve Nidānas | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Twelve Nidānas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence, each one giving rise to the next:"
] |
56d1e851e7d4791d00902443 | What describes the causal connection between the subsequent conditions of cyclic existance? | The Twelve Nidānas | [
"Buddhism\n\nThe Twelve Nidānas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence, each one giving rise to the next:"
] |
56d0bd38234ae51400d9c436 | How are sentient beings freed from suffering? | by attaining Nirvana | [
"Buddhism\n\nSentient beings always suffer throughout saṃsāra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana. Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others."
] |
56d0bd38234ae51400d9c437 | What is the first Nidāna? | ignorance | [
"Buddhism\n\nSentient beings always suffer throughout saṃsāra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana. Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others."
] |
56d0bd38234ae51400d9c438 | The absence of ignorance leads to what? | the absence of the others | [
"Buddhism\n\nSentient beings always suffer throughout saṃsāra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana. Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others."
] |
56d1e8c3e7d4791d00902463 | Who always suffers throughout samsara? | Sentient beings | [
"Buddhism\n\nSentient beings always suffer throughout saṃsāra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana. Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others."
] |
56d1e8c3e7d4791d00902464 | What is suffering also called? | dukkha | [
"Buddhism\n\nSentient beings always suffer throughout saṃsāra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana. Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others."
] |
56d1e8c3e7d4791d00902465 | How do you free yourself of dukkha? | attaining Nirvana | [
"Buddhism\n\nSentient beings always suffer throughout saṃsāra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana. Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others."
] |
56d1e8c3e7d4791d00902466 | What is the first Nidana? | ignorance | [
"Buddhism\n\nSentient beings always suffer throughout saṃsāra until they free themselves from this suffering (dukkha) by attaining Nirvana. Then the absence of the first Nidāna—ignorance—leads to the absence of the others."
] |
56d1e9ace7d4791d009024b2 | Nagarjuna's main contribution was the exposition of the concept of what? | śūnyatā | [
"Buddhism\n\nMahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of śūnyatā, or \"emptiness\", wi... |
56d1e9ace7d4791d009024b3 | What does sunyata mean? | emptiness | [
"Buddhism\n\nMahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of śūnyatā, or \"emptiness\", wi... |
56d1e9ace7d4791d009024b4 | Nagarjuna said that sentient beings are empty of what? | ātman | [
"Buddhism\n\nMahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of śūnyatā, or \"emptiness\", wi... |
56d1e9ace7d4791d009024b5 | What does dharmas mean? | phenomena | [
"Buddhism\n\nMahayana Buddhism received significant theoretical grounding from Nagarjuna (perhaps c. 150–250 CE), arguably the most influential scholar within the Mahayana tradition. Nagarjuna's primary contribution to Buddhist philosophy was the systematic exposition of the concept of śūnyatā, or \"emptiness\", wi... |
56d1eab6e7d4791d00902515 | What teaching were criticized by Nagarjuna? | Sarvastivada teachings | [
"Buddhism\n\nSarvastivada teachings—which were criticized by Nāgārjuna—were reformulated by scholars such as Vasubandhu and Asanga and were adapted into the Yogacara school. While the Mādhyamaka school held that asserting the existence or non-existence of any ultimately real thing was inappropriate, some exponents ... |
56d1eab6e7d4791d00902516 | What scholars reformed Sarvastivada teachings? | Vasubandhu and Asanga | [
"Buddhism\n\nSarvastivada teachings—which were criticized by Nāgārjuna—were reformulated by scholars such as Vasubandhu and Asanga and were adapted into the Yogacara school. While the Mādhyamaka school held that asserting the existence or non-existence of any ultimately real thing was inappropriate, some exponents ... |
56d1eab6e7d4791d00902517 | What is the doctrine that says that the mind and only the mind are real? | cittamatra | [
"Buddhism\n\nSarvastivada teachings—which were criticized by Nāgārjuna—were reformulated by scholars such as Vasubandhu and Asanga and were adapted into the Yogacara school. While the Mādhyamaka school held that asserting the existence or non-existence of any ultimately real thing was inappropriate, some exponents ... |
56d1eab6e7d4791d00902518 | What Yogacarins asserted that the mind was not truly existent? | Vasubandhu and Asanga | [
"Buddhism\n\nSarvastivada teachings—which were criticized by Nāgārjuna—were reformulated by scholars such as Vasubandhu and Asanga and were adapted into the Yogacara school. While the Mādhyamaka school held that asserting the existence or non-existence of any ultimately real thing was inappropriate, some exponents ... |
56d1ebdfe7d4791d00902577 | What does tathagatagarbha mean? | Buddha-nature | [
"Buddhism\n\nBesides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately to statemen... |
56d1ebdfe7d4791d00902578 | what does prajnaparamita mean? | perfected spiritual insight | [
"Buddhism\n\nBesides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately to statemen... |
56d1ebdfe7d4791d00902579 | According to what school is tathgatagarbha the inseparability of clairty and emptiness of one's mind? | Sakya | [
"Buddhism\n\nBesides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately to statemen... |
56d1ebdfe7d4791d0090257a | According to what school does it refer to the innate qualities of the mind that express themselves as omniscience? | Jonang | [
"Buddhism\n\nBesides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately to statemen... |
56d1ebdfe7d4791d0090257b | What type of sutras were generally ignored in india? | tathāgatagarbha | [
"Buddhism\n\nBesides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately to statemen... |
56d1ec45e7d4791d00902581 | What term means cessation? | Nirvana | [
"Buddhism\n\nNirvana (Sanskrit; Pali: \"Nibbāna\") means \"cessation\", \"extinction\" (of craving and ignorance and therefore suffering and the cycle of involuntary rebirths (saṃsāra)), \"extinguished\", \"quieted\", \"calmed\"; it is also known as \"Awakening\" or \"Enlightenment\" in the West. The term for anybo... |
56d1ec45e7d4791d00902582 | What term means awakening? | nirvana | [
"Buddhism\n\nNirvana (Sanskrit; Pali: \"Nibbāna\") means \"cessation\", \"extinction\" (of craving and ignorance and therefore suffering and the cycle of involuntary rebirths (saṃsāra)), \"extinguished\", \"quieted\", \"calmed\"; it is also known as \"Awakening\" or \"Enlightenment\" in the West. The term for anybo... |
56d1ec45e7d4791d00902583 | What is the term for someone who has achieved nirvana? | arahant | [
"Buddhism\n\nNirvana (Sanskrit; Pali: \"Nibbāna\") means \"cessation\", \"extinction\" (of craving and ignorance and therefore suffering and the cycle of involuntary rebirths (saṃsāra)), \"extinguished\", \"quieted\", \"calmed\"; it is also known as \"Awakening\" or \"Enlightenment\" in the West. The term for anybo... |
56d1ece4e7d4791d00902587 | What is the term applied to the experience of the awakening of arahants? | Bodhi | [
"Buddhism\n\nBodhi (Pāli and Sanskrit, in devanagari: बॊधि) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means \"awakening\", but it is more commonly translated into English as \"enlightenment\". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some diffe... |
56d1ece4e7d4791d00902588 | In early Buddhism Bodhi used a meaning synonymous to what word? | nirvana | [
"Buddhism\n\nBodhi (Pāli and Sanskrit, in devanagari: बॊधि) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means \"awakening\", but it is more commonly translated into English as \"enlightenment\". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some diffe... |
56d1ece4e7d4791d00902589 | What is the term for greed or craving? | raga | [
"Buddhism\n\nBodhi (Pāli and Sanskrit, in devanagari: बॊधि) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means \"awakening\", but it is more commonly translated into English as \"enlightenment\". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some diffe... |
56d1ece4e7d4791d0090258a | what is the word for hate or aversion? | dosa | [
"Buddhism\n\nBodhi (Pāli and Sanskrit, in devanagari: बॊधि) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means \"awakening\", but it is more commonly translated into English as \"enlightenment\". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some diffe... |
56d1ece4e7d4791d0090258b | What does moha mean? | delusion | [
"Buddhism\n\nBodhi (Pāli and Sanskrit, in devanagari: बॊधि) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means \"awakening\", but it is more commonly translated into English as \"enlightenment\". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some diffe... |
56d1ee4ae7d4791d00902591 | What has achieved nirvana and also liberation from delusion? | bodhisattva | [
"Buddhism\n\nTherefore, according to Mahayana Buddhism, the arahant has attained only nirvana, thus still being subject to delusion, while the bodhisattva not only achieves nirvana but full liberation from delusion as well. He thus attains bodhi and becomes a buddha. In Theravada Buddhism, bodhi and nirvana carry t... |
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