id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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572820842ca10214002d9e7c | By 2012, how much did the ECB spend in covering bad debt? | €212.1bn | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nAs of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone ... |
572820842ca10214002d9e7d | How does the ECB plan to increase the available credit for businesses? | Outright Monetary Transactions | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nAs of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone ... |
572820842ca10214002d9e7e | What is the duration of the Outright Monetary Transactions program? | no ex-ante time or size limit | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nAs of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone ... |
572820842ca10214002d9e7f | When was the new idea for the purchasing of eurozone bonds announced? | 6 September 2012 | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nAs of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone ... |
572820842ca10214002d9e80 | How long was the duration of the Securities Markets Programme to last? | temporary | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nAs of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone ... |
5728240c2ca10214002d9ecc | What can be shuffeled around during a soverign debt crisis to mitigate the damage? | temporarily moving bad or weak assets | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nRescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the ... |
5728240c2ca10214002d9ecd | Where do bad and weak assets get moved in times of soverign debt crisis? | the balance sheets of the European Central Bank | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nRescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the ... |
5728240c2ca10214002d9ece | What is shuffling around bad or weak debts from a weaker eurozone member to the ECB known as? | monetisation | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nRescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the ... |
5728240c2ca10214002d9ecf | What is monetisation usually viewed as? | inflationary threat | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nRescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the ... |
5728240c2ca10214002d9ed0 | If the central banks can come to an agreement with the eurozone member about the continued repayment of the debt, what happens to the bad or weak debt? | move weak assets off their balance sheets | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nRescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the ... |
5728283a4b864d19001645fc | What is being caused by links between soverign debt and failing national banks? | the sickness of the euro | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe European Central Bank had stepped up the buying of member nations debt. In response to the crisis of 2010, some proposals have surfaced for a collective European bond issue that would allow the central bank to purchase a European version of US Treasury bills. To make European sovereign... |
5728283a4b864d19001645fd | Which country has been resistant to attempts to make the soverign debt assets more like the U.S. Treasury? | the German government | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe European Central Bank had stepped up the buying of member nations debt. In response to the crisis of 2010, some proposals have surfaced for a collective European bond issue that would allow the central bank to purchase a European version of US Treasury bills. To make European sovereign... |
5728283a4b864d19001645fe | Who began to increase their coverage of weaker debts? | The European Central Bank | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe European Central Bank had stepped up the buying of member nations debt. In response to the crisis of 2010, some proposals have surfaced for a collective European bond issue that would allow the central bank to purchase a European version of US Treasury bills. To make European sovereign... |
5728283a4b864d19001645ff | What would have to happen to make European sovereign debt assets more like what is found in the U.S. Treasury? | a collective guarantee of the member states' solvency | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe European Central Bank had stepped up the buying of member nations debt. In response to the crisis of 2010, some proposals have surfaced for a collective European bond issue that would allow the central bank to purchase a European version of US Treasury bills. To make European sovereign... |
5728283a4b864d1900164600 | Why did propsals about making the European sovereign debt assets more like the US Treasury? | the crisis of 2010 | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe European Central Bank had stepped up the buying of member nations debt. In response to the crisis of 2010, some proposals have surfaced for a collective European bond issue that would allow the central bank to purchase a European version of US Treasury bills. To make European sovereign... |
57282bdbff5b5019007d9e7a | What did the ECB do to help stabilise the financial system during the subprime mortgage crisis? | loaned billions of euros to banks | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage c... |
57282bdbff5b5019007d9e7b | Why did the ECB intervene during the subprime mortgage crisis? | to stabilise the financial system | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage c... |
57282bdcff5b5019007d9e7c | Who decided, along with the ECB, to use Term auction to help stabilize the financial crisis and improve dollar liquidity? | Federal Reserve System | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage c... |
57282bdcff5b5019007d9e7d | Besides cooperating with other financial institutions, how does the ECB help to maintain stability? | contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage c... |
57282bdcff5b5019007d9e7e | When did the ECB and Federal Rserve decide to collaborate on Term auction facility? | December 2007 | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage c... |
57282fc54b864d190016469c | What is a perk of the central bank? | it can make as much money as it deems needed | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nIn central banking, the privileged status of the central bank is that it can make as much money as it deems needed. In the United States Federal Reserve Bank, the Federal Reserve buys assets: typically, bonds issued by the Federal government. There is no limit on the bonds that it can buy ... |
57282fc54b864d190016469d | What kinds of assets does the US Federal Reserve buy? | bonds issued by the Federal government | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nIn central banking, the privileged status of the central bank is that it can make as much money as it deems needed. In the United States Federal Reserve Bank, the Federal Reserve buys assets: typically, bonds issued by the Federal government. There is no limit on the bonds that it can buy ... |
57282fc54b864d190016469e | What kind of asset will the Federal Reserve purchase in mass quantities at a time of crisis? | commercial paper | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nIn central banking, the privileged status of the central bank is that it can make as much money as it deems needed. In the United States Federal Reserve Bank, the Federal Reserve buys assets: typically, bonds issued by the Federal government. There is no limit on the bonds that it can buy ... |
57282fc54b864d190016469f | What is the purpose of buying commercial paper in a time of financial crisis? | to ensure that adequate liquidity is available for functioning | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nIn central banking, the privileged status of the central bank is that it can make as much money as it deems needed. In the United States Federal Reserve Bank, the Federal Reserve buys assets: typically, bonds issued by the Federal government. There is no limit on the bonds that it can buy ... |
572831873acd2414000df6b1 | Which agencies have became the authority on assessing the risk of financial institutions? | Moody's and S&P | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThink-tanks such as the World Pensions Council have also argued that European legislators have pushed somewhat dogmatically for the adoption of the Basel II recommendations, adopted in 2005, transposed in European Union law through the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD), effective since ... |
572831873acd2414000df6b2 | When was Basel II adopted? | 2005 | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThink-tanks such as the World Pensions Council have also argued that European legislators have pushed somewhat dogmatically for the adoption of the Basel II recommendations, adopted in 2005, transposed in European Union law through the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD), effective since ... |
572831873acd2414000df6b3 | What said that agencies had to start using Moody's and S&P to assess financial institutions? | the Basel II recommendations | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThink-tanks such as the World Pensions Council have also argued that European legislators have pushed somewhat dogmatically for the adoption of the Basel II recommendations, adopted in 2005, transposed in European Union law through the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD), effective since ... |
572831873acd2414000df6b4 | Since when have the Basel II recommendations been in effect? | 2008 | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThink-tanks such as the World Pensions Council have also argued that European legislators have pushed somewhat dogmatically for the adoption of the Basel II recommendations, adopted in 2005, transposed in European Union law through the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD), effective since ... |
572832df4b864d19001646fa | Where is the European Central bank located? | Frankfurt | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe bank is based in Frankfurt, the largest financial centre in the Eurozone. Its location in the city is fixed by the Amsterdam Treaty. The bank moved to new purpose-built headquarters in 2014 which were designed a Vienna-based architectural office named Coop Himmelbau. The building is ap... |
572832df4b864d19001646fb | What decided where the bank was to be located? | Amsterdam Treaty | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe bank is based in Frankfurt, the largest financial centre in the Eurozone. Its location in the city is fixed by the Amsterdam Treaty. The bank moved to new purpose-built headquarters in 2014 which were designed a Vienna-based architectural office named Coop Himmelbau. The building is ap... |
572832df4b864d19001646fc | When did the bank move to it's new headquarters? | 2014 | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe bank is based in Frankfurt, the largest financial centre in the Eurozone. Its location in the city is fixed by the Amsterdam Treaty. The bank moved to new purpose-built headquarters in 2014 which were designed a Vienna-based architectural office named Coop Himmelbau. The building is ap... |
572832df4b864d19001646fd | What previously stood where the bank is now? | the former wholesale market | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe bank is based in Frankfurt, the largest financial centre in the Eurozone. Its location in the city is fixed by the Amsterdam Treaty. The bank moved to new purpose-built headquarters in 2014 which were designed a Vienna-based architectural office named Coop Himmelbau. The building is ap... |
572832df4b864d19001646fe | When did construction of the new bank begin? | October 2008 | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe bank is based in Frankfurt, the largest financial centre in the Eurozone. Its location in the city is fixed by the Amsterdam Treaty. The bank moved to new purpose-built headquarters in 2014 which were designed a Vienna-based architectural office named Coop Himmelbau. The building is ap... |
572834212ca10214002da0aa | After the loan program was announced, which countries borrowed the most? | Greece, Ireland, Italy and Spain | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nOn 21 December 2011 the bank instituted a programme of making low-interest loans with a term of three years (36 months) and 1% interest to European banks accepting loans from the portfolio of the banks as collateral. Loans totalling €489.2 bn (US$640 bn) were announced. The loans were not ... |
572834212ca10214002da0ab | What would happen if some of the banks were to begin buying govenrment bonds? | easing the debt crisis | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nOn 21 December 2011 the bank instituted a programme of making low-interest loans with a term of three years (36 months) and 1% interest to European banks accepting loans from the portfolio of the banks as collateral. Loans totalling €489.2 bn (US$640 bn) were announced. The loans were not ... |
572834212ca10214002da0ac | How much does the ECB have to have to pay off it's own debts? | €200bn | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nOn 21 December 2011 the bank instituted a programme of making low-interest loans with a term of three years (36 months) and 1% interest to European banks accepting loans from the portfolio of the banks as collateral. Loans totalling €489.2 bn (US$640 bn) were announced. The loans were not ... |
572834212ca10214002da0ad | How do you prevent a credit bottleneck? | keep operating and loaning to businesses | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nOn 21 December 2011 the bank instituted a programme of making low-interest loans with a term of three years (36 months) and 1% interest to European banks accepting loans from the portfolio of the banks as collateral. Loans totalling €489.2 bn (US$640 bn) were announced. The loans were not ... |
572835132ca10214002da0bc | What is an LTRO? | longer-term refinancing operation | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe ECB's first supplementary longer-term refinancing operation (LTRO) with a six-month maturity was announced March 2008. Previously the longest tender offered was three months. It announced two 3-month and one 6-month full allotment of Long Term Refinancing Operations (LTROs). The first ... |
572835132ca10214002da0bd | How long was the time to maturity on an LTRO? | six-month | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe ECB's first supplementary longer-term refinancing operation (LTRO) with a six-month maturity was announced March 2008. Previously the longest tender offered was three months. It announced two 3-month and one 6-month full allotment of Long Term Refinancing Operations (LTROs). The first ... |
572835132ca10214002da0be | When were the first supplemental LTRO's offered? | March 2008 | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe ECB's first supplementary longer-term refinancing operation (LTRO) with a six-month maturity was announced March 2008. Previously the longest tender offered was three months. It announced two 3-month and one 6-month full allotment of Long Term Refinancing Operations (LTROs). The first ... |
572835132ca10214002da0bf | How long had the time to maturity been previously? | three months | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe ECB's first supplementary longer-term refinancing operation (LTRO) with a six-month maturity was announced March 2008. Previously the longest tender offered was three months. It announced two 3-month and one 6-month full allotment of Long Term Refinancing Operations (LTROs). The first ... |
572835132ca10214002da0c0 | How many bids were recorded at the auction for the first 12 month LRTO? | close to 1100 bidders | [
"European_Central_Bank\n\nThe ECB's first supplementary longer-term refinancing operation (LTRO) with a six-month maturity was announced March 2008. Previously the longest tender offered was three months. It announced two 3-month and one 6-month full allotment of Long Term Refinancing Operations (LTROs). The first ... |
5727fa9c3acd2414000df147 | In what country is St. John's located? | Canada | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's (/ˌseɪntˈdʒɒnz/, local /ˌseɪntˈdʒɑːnz/) is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It is located on the e... |
5727fa9c3acd2414000df148 | What is the name of the island that St. John's is located? | Newfoundland | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's (/ˌseɪntˈdʒɒnz/, local /ˌseɪntˈdʒɑːnz/) is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It is located on the e... |
5727fa9c3acd2414000df149 | What city is ranked 20th in largest metropolitan area for Canada? | St. John's | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's (/ˌseɪntˈdʒɒnz/, local /ˌseɪntˈdʒɑːnz/) is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It is located on the e... |
5727fa9c3acd2414000df14a | Where on the Avalon Peninsula is St. John's located? | eastern tip | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's (/ˌseɪntˈdʒɒnz/, local /ˌseɪntˈdʒɑːnz/) is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It is located on the e... |
5727fa9c3acd2414000df14b | In what year did St. John's have a population of 214,285? | 2015 | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's (/ˌseɪntˈdʒɒnz/, local /ˌseɪntˈdʒɑːnz/) is the capital and largest city in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's was incorporated as a city in 1888, yet is considered by some to be the oldest English-founded city in North America. It is located on the e... |
5727fc492ca10214002d9ab4 | Which city is considered one of the oldest settlements in North America? | St. John's | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by... |
5727fc492ca10214002d9ab5 | Around what year did settlement begin to occur in St. John's? | 1630 | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by... |
5727fc492ca10214002d9ab6 | When was Cuper's Cove colony founded? | 1610 | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by... |
5727fc492ca10214002d9ab7 | What year was Bristol's Hope colony founded? | 1618 | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by... |
5727fc492ca10214002d9ab8 | Who forbade the english fisherman to setup seasonal camps in Newfoundland? | British government | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by... |
5727fe9a2ca10214002d9ada | What was John Cabot's sons first name? | Sebastian | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British... |
5727fe9a2ca10214002d9adb | What was the occupation of John Cabot? | explorer | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British... |
5727fe9a2ca10214002d9adc | Where did the French, Spanish and Portuguese start to travel to fish yearly in 1540? | Avalon Peninsula | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British... |
5727fe9a2ca10214002d9add | Where is the Bay of Pasaia located? | Basque Country | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British... |
5727fe9a2ca10214002d9ade | In what language did Sebastian Cabot write his map from 1545? | Latin | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSebastian Cabot declares in a handwritten Latin text in his original 1545 map, that the St. John's earned its name when he and his father, the Venetian explorer John Cabot became the first Europeans to sail into the harbour, in the morning of 24 June 1494 (against British... |
572806a12ca10214002d9be0 | What year did John Rut visit St. John's? | 1527 | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nThe earliest record of the location appears as São João on a Portuguese map by Pedro Reinel in 1519. When John Rut visited St. John's in 1527 he found Norman, Breton and Portuguese ships in the harbour. On 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of... |
572806a12ca10214002d9be1 | Who sent the first known letter from North America? | John Rut | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nThe earliest record of the location appears as São João on a Portuguese map by Pedro Reinel in 1519. When John Rut visited St. John's in 1527 he found Norman, Breton and Portuguese ships in the harbour. On 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of... |
572806a12ca10214002d9be2 | What three countries ships did John Rut find in 1527? | Norman, Breton and Portuguese | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nThe earliest record of the location appears as São João on a Portuguese map by Pedro Reinel in 1519. When John Rut visited St. John's in 1527 he found Norman, Breton and Portuguese ships in the harbour. On 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of... |
572806a12ca10214002d9be3 | Who did John Rut write a letter to in 1527? | King Henry | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nThe earliest record of the location appears as São João on a Portuguese map by Pedro Reinel in 1519. When John Rut visited St. John's in 1527 he found Norman, Breton and Portuguese ships in the harbour. On 3 August 1527, Rut wrote a letter to King Henry on the findings of... |
57280b934b864d19001642f2 | Who referred St. John's as St. "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country" ? | William Payne | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nBy 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's \"the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country\". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the l... |
57280b934b864d19001642f3 | When did censuses start being conducted in St. John's? | 1675 | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nBy 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's \"the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country\". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the l... |
57280b934b864d19001642f4 | When did Irish men begin to operate inshore fishing boats in St. John's? | 1680 | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nBy 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's \"the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country\". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the l... |
57280b934b864d19001642f5 | What grew during the summers in St. John's? | population | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nBy 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's \"the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country\". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the l... |
57280b934b864d19001642f6 | Who controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast by 1620? | fishermen | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nBy 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's \"the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country\". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the l... |
57280ddb4b864d190016432a | Who briefly seized St. John's in 1665? | Michiel de Ruyter | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nThe town's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it... |
57280ddb4b864d190016432b | In what year did the dutch attack St. John for a second time? | 1673 | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nThe town's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it... |
57280ddb4b864d190016432c | How many men defended the attack from the Dutch in 1673? | twenty-three | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nThe town's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it... |
57280ddb4b864d190016432d | Who destroyed Fort William in 1696? | Pierre Le Moyne | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nThe town's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it... |
57280ddb4b864d190016432e | How many Dutch warships were fended of by Christopher Martin in 1673? | three | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nThe town's first significant defences were likely erected due to commercial interests, following the temporary seizure of St. John's by the Dutch admiral Michiel de Ruyter in June 1665. The inhabitants were able to fend off a second Dutch attack in 1673, when this time it... |
572812962ca10214002d9d3e | Who flew the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight? | Alcock and Brown | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's was the starting point for the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight, by Alcock and Brown in a modified Vickers Vimy IV bomber, in June 1919, departing from Lester's Field in St. John's and ending in a bog near Clifden, Connemara, Ireland. In July 2005, ... |
572812962ca10214002d9d3f | What aircraft did Alcock and Brown use in 1919 for their flight? | Vickers Vimy IV bomber | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's was the starting point for the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight, by Alcock and Brown in a modified Vickers Vimy IV bomber, in June 1919, departing from Lester's Field in St. John's and ending in a bog near Clifden, Connemara, Ireland. In July 2005, ... |
572812962ca10214002d9d40 | Where in St. John's did Alcock and Brown depart from in June 1919? | Lester's Field | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's was the starting point for the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight, by Alcock and Brown in a modified Vickers Vimy IV bomber, in June 1919, departing from Lester's Field in St. John's and ending in a bog near Clifden, Connemara, Ireland. In July 2005, ... |
572812962ca10214002d9d41 | Who duplicated Alcock and Brown flight in 2005? | Steve Fossett | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's was the starting point for the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight, by Alcock and Brown in a modified Vickers Vimy IV bomber, in June 1919, departing from Lester's Field in St. John's and ending in a bog near Clifden, Connemara, Ireland. In July 2005, ... |
572812962ca10214002d9d42 | What aircraft did Steve Fossett use for his flight in July 2005? | replica Vickers Vimy | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's was the starting point for the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight, by Alcock and Brown in a modified Vickers Vimy IV bomber, in June 1919, departing from Lester's Field in St. John's and ending in a bog near Clifden, Connemara, Ireland. In July 2005, ... |
572813c5ff5b5019007d9c9e | When did the Northern cod fishery collapse? | 1990s | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's, and the province as a whole, was gravely affected in the 1990s by the collapse of the Northern cod fishery, which had been the driving force of the provincial economy for hundreds of years. After a decade of high unemployment rates and depopulation, the city's... |
572813c5ff5b5019007d9c9f | What led to an economic boom in St. John's? | Hibernia, Terra Nova and White Rose oil fields | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's, and the province as a whole, was gravely affected in the 1990s by the collapse of the Northern cod fishery, which had been the driving force of the provincial economy for hundreds of years. After a decade of high unemployment rates and depopulation, the city's... |
572813c5ff5b5019007d9ca0 | For how long did the Northern cod fishery provide a stable economy for St. John's? | hundreds of years | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's, and the province as a whole, was gravely affected in the 1990s by the collapse of the Northern cod fishery, which had been the driving force of the provincial economy for hundreds of years. After a decade of high unemployment rates and depopulation, the city's... |
572813c5ff5b5019007d9ca1 | How long did unemployment rates and depopulation suffer in St. John's? | decade | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's, and the province as a whole, was gravely affected in the 1990s by the collapse of the Northern cod fishery, which had been the driving force of the provincial economy for hundreds of years. After a decade of high unemployment rates and depopulation, the city's... |
5728166c4b864d190016444a | Near what body of water is St. John's located by? | Atlantic Ocean | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 2... |
5728166c4b864d190016444b | How many Square miles is St. John's? | 172.22 | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 2... |
5728166c4b864d190016444c | In what providence is Edmonton located? | Alberta | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 2... |
5728166c4b864d190016444d | What is the largest Atlantic Province city? | Halifax | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 2... |
57281785ff5b5019007d9d06 | How is the climate in St. John's? | humid | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation. However, despite this maritime moderation, average January high temperatures are actually slightly colder in St. Jo... |
57281785ff5b5019007d9d07 | In which province is Kelowna located? | British Columbia | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation. However, despite this maritime moderation, average January high temperatures are actually slightly colder in St. Jo... |
57281785ff5b5019007d9d08 | Which Canadian city is the most rainiest? | British Columbia | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation. However, despite this maritime moderation, average January high temperatures are actually slightly colder in St. Jo... |
57281785ff5b5019007d9d09 | What body of water is to the east of St. John? | Atlantic Ocean | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation. However, despite this maritime moderation, average January high temperatures are actually slightly colder in St. Jo... |
57281785ff5b5019007d9d0a | From where do tropical storms travel from to St. John's? | United States | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nSt. John's has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation. However, despite this maritime moderation, average January high temperatures are actually slightly colder in St. Jo... |
572818b93acd2414000df475 | What is the foggiest Canadian city? | St. John's | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nOf major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison to other Canadian cities, and has the... |
572818b93acd2414000df476 | What is the average wind speed in miles per hour for St. John's? | 15.1 mph | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nOf major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison to other Canadian cities, and has the... |
572818b93acd2414000df477 | What Canadian city has the mildest winter temperature? | British Columbia | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nOf major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison to other Canadian cities, and has the... |
572818b93acd2414000df478 | What is the driest season on average in St. John's? | summer | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nOf major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison to other Canadian cities, and has the... |
572818b93acd2414000df479 | What is another word for freezing rain? | silver thaws | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nOf major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison to other Canadian cities, and has the... |
572819473acd2414000df485 | What are wharves in St. John's constructed out of? | wood | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nStarting as a fishing outpost for European fishermen, St. John's consisted mostly of the homes of fishermen, sheds, storage shacks, and wharves constructed out of wood. Like many other cities of the time, as the Industrial Revolution took hold and new methods and material... |
572819473acd2414000df486 | In what year was the Great Fire? | 1892 | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nStarting as a fishing outpost for European fishermen, St. John's consisted mostly of the homes of fishermen, sheds, storage shacks, and wharves constructed out of wood. Like many other cities of the time, as the Industrial Revolution took hold and new methods and material... |
572819473acd2414000df487 | What was the most affected area of The Great Fire of 1892? | downtown core | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nStarting as a fishing outpost for European fishermen, St. John's consisted mostly of the homes of fishermen, sheds, storage shacks, and wharves constructed out of wood. Like many other cities of the time, as the Industrial Revolution took hold and new methods and material... |
57281a5fff5b5019007d9d4c | What US city is St. John's often compared to? | San Francisco | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nOften compared to San Francisco due to the hilly terrain and steep maze of residential streets, housing in St. John's is typically painted in bright colours. The city council has implemented strict heritage regulations in the downtown area, including restrictions on the h... |
57281a5fff5b5019007d9d4d | What does the city council have restrictions on in downtown? | height of buildings | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nOften compared to San Francisco due to the hilly terrain and steep maze of residential streets, housing in St. John's is typically painted in bright colours. The city council has implemented strict heritage regulations in the downtown area, including restrictions on the h... |
57281a5fff5b5019007d9d4e | What have the restrictions on the height of buildings caused over the years? | controversy | [
"St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nOften compared to San Francisco due to the hilly terrain and steep maze of residential streets, housing in St. John's is typically painted in bright colours. The city council has implemented strict heritage regulations in the downtown area, including restrictions on the h... |
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