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572820664b864d19001644f7 | In Federalism, are the division of powers equal? | division of powers between two levels of government of equal status | [
"Federalism\n\nFederalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, Land, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system. Its distinctive feature, exemplifi... |
572820664b864d19001644f8 | What type of governments are included in federalism? | general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments | [
"Federalism\n\nFederalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, Land, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system. Its distinctive feature, exemplifi... |
572820664b864d19001644f9 | How many governments are apart of federalism? | relationship of parity between the two levels of government | [
"Federalism\n\nFederalism refers to the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, Land, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system. Its distinctive feature, exemplifi... |
5728233a2ca10214002d9eac | Before new research, what was the definition of federalism? | a division of sovereignty between two levels of government | [
"Federalism\n\nUntil recently, in the absence of prior agreement on a clear and precise definition, the concept was thought to mean (as a shorthand) 'a division of sovereignty between two levels of government'. New research, however, argues that this cannot be correct, as dividing sovereignty - when this concept is... |
5728233a2ca10214002d9ead | After new research, what was the final definition of federalism? | final and absolute source of political authority in a political community - is not possible. | [
"Federalism\n\nUntil recently, in the absence of prior agreement on a clear and precise definition, the concept was thought to mean (as a shorthand) 'a division of sovereignty between two levels of government'. New research, however, argues that this cannot be correct, as dividing sovereignty - when this concept is... |
5728233a2ca10214002d9eae | When was federalism put into place? | The descent of the United States into Civil War in the mid-nineteenth century | [
"Federalism\n\nUntil recently, in the absence of prior agreement on a clear and precise definition, the concept was thought to mean (as a shorthand) 'a division of sovereignty between two levels of government'. New research, however, argues that this cannot be correct, as dividing sovereignty - when this concept is... |
5728233a2ca10214002d9eaf | What is the difference between multi-level political forms and federalism? | the characteristic of equality of standing between the two levels of government established | [
"Federalism\n\nUntil recently, in the absence of prior agreement on a clear and precise definition, the concept was thought to mean (as a shorthand) 'a division of sovereignty between two levels of government'. New research, however, argues that this cannot be correct, as dividing sovereignty - when this concept is... |
5728233a2ca10214002d9eb0 | What is an example of a federal union? | the European Union | [
"Federalism\n\nUntil recently, in the absence of prior agreement on a clear and precise definition, the concept was thought to mean (as a shorthand) 'a division of sovereignty between two levels of government'. New research, however, argues that this cannot be correct, as dividing sovereignty - when this concept is... |
5728266d3acd2414000df5a1 | What is the Latin word for federalism? | foedus | [
"Federalism\n\nThe terms 'federalism' and 'confederalism' both have a root in the Latin word foedus, meaning treaty, pact or covenant. Their common meaning until the late eighteenth century was a simple league or inter-governmental relationship among sovereign states based upon a treaty. They were therefore initial... |
5728266d3acd2414000df5a2 | What was federalism and confederalism common meaning in the 18th century? | a simple league or inter-governmental relationship among sovereign states based upon a treaty. | [
"Federalism\n\nThe terms 'federalism' and 'confederalism' both have a root in the Latin word foedus, meaning treaty, pact or covenant. Their common meaning until the late eighteenth century was a simple league or inter-governmental relationship among sovereign states based upon a treaty. They were therefore initial... |
5728266d3acd2414000df5a3 | What did James Madison referred to the new United States as? | 'neither a national nor a federal Constitution, but a composition of both | [
"Federalism\n\nThe terms 'federalism' and 'confederalism' both have a root in the Latin word foedus, meaning treaty, pact or covenant. Their common meaning until the late eighteenth century was a simple league or inter-governmental relationship among sovereign states based upon a treaty. They were therefore initial... |
572827732ca10214002d9f5c | Where does the federalist model work best in? | homogeneous states | [
"Federalism\n\nWhilst it is often perceived as an optimal solution for states comprising different cultural or ethnic communities, the federalist model seems to work best in largely homogeneous states such as the United States, Germany or Australia, but there is also evidence to the contrary such as in Switzerland.... |
572827732ca10214002d9f5d | What are homogeneous states? | United States, Germany or Australia | [
"Federalism\n\nWhilst it is often perceived as an optimal solution for states comprising different cultural or ethnic communities, the federalist model seems to work best in largely homogeneous states such as the United States, Germany or Australia, but there is also evidence to the contrary such as in Switzerland.... |
572827732ca10214002d9f5e | Where can tensions be found in the federalist countries? | Canada | [
"Federalism\n\nWhilst it is often perceived as an optimal solution for states comprising different cultural or ethnic communities, the federalist model seems to work best in largely homogeneous states such as the United States, Germany or Australia, but there is also evidence to the contrary such as in Switzerland.... |
572827732ca10214002d9f5f | What countries did the federalist model fail in? | Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia | [
"Federalism\n\nWhilst it is often perceived as an optimal solution for states comprising different cultural or ethnic communities, the federalist model seems to work best in largely homogeneous states such as the United States, Germany or Australia, but there is also evidence to the contrary such as in Switzerland.... |
572827732ca10214002d9f60 | What countries dismissed the federalist model? | Ukraine or Syria | [
"Federalism\n\nWhilst it is often perceived as an optimal solution for states comprising different cultural or ethnic communities, the federalist model seems to work best in largely homogeneous states such as the United States, Germany or Australia, but there is also evidence to the contrary such as in Switzerland.... |
5728292e2ca10214002d9f90 | In the United States, what was federalism referred to? | belief in a stronger central government. | [
"Federalism\n\nIn the United States, federalism originally referred to belief in a stronger central government. When the U.S. Constitution was being drafted, the Federalist Party supported a stronger central government, while \"Anti-Federalists\" wanted a weaker central government. This is very different from the m... |
5728292e2ca10214002d9f91 | When the U.S Constitution was being drafted, what did the federalist party support? | stronger central government | [
"Federalism\n\nIn the United States, federalism originally referred to belief in a stronger central government. When the U.S. Constitution was being drafted, the Federalist Party supported a stronger central government, while \"Anti-Federalists\" wanted a weaker central government. This is very different from the m... |
5728292e2ca10214002d9f92 | What did anti-federalist support? | weaker central government | [
"Federalism\n\nIn the United States, federalism originally referred to belief in a stronger central government. When the U.S. Constitution was being drafted, the Federalist Party supported a stronger central government, while \"Anti-Federalists\" wanted a weaker central government. This is very different from the m... |
5728292e2ca10214002d9f93 | On the political spectrum, where does federalism stand? | federalism" is situated in the middle of the political spectrum between a confederacy and a unitary state | [
"Federalism\n\nIn the United States, federalism originally referred to belief in a stronger central government. When the U.S. Constitution was being drafted, the Federalist Party supported a stronger central government, while \"Anti-Federalists\" wanted a weaker central government. This is very different from the m... |
572829d9ff5b5019007d9e58 | Who has a greater history of unitary states? | Europe | [
"Federalism\n\nIn contrast, Europe has a greater history of unitary states than North America, thus European \"federalism\" argues for a weaker central government, relative to a unitary state. The modern American usage of the word is much closer to the European sense. As the power of the Federal government has incr... |
572829d9ff5b5019007d9e59 | What does federalism mean in Europe? | weaker central government, relative to a unitary state | [
"Federalism\n\nIn contrast, Europe has a greater history of unitary states than North America, thus European \"federalism\" argues for a weaker central government, relative to a unitary state. The modern American usage of the word is much closer to the European sense. As the power of the Federal government has incr... |
572829d9ff5b5019007d9e5a | What branch does the United States want to limit under the federalist model? | judiciary | [
"Federalism\n\nIn contrast, Europe has a greater history of unitary states than North America, thus European \"federalism\" argues for a weaker central government, relative to a unitary state. The modern American usage of the word is much closer to the European sense. As the power of the Federal government has incr... |
57282b142ca10214002d9fd4 | What happened on January 1st 1901? | nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation | [
"Federalism\n\nOn the 1st of January 1901 the nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation. The Australian continent was colonised by the United Kingdom in 1788, which subsequently established six, eventually self-governing, colonies there. In the 1890s the governments of these colonies ... |
57282b142ca10214002d9fd5 | When did the United Kingdom colonized the Australian continent? | 1788 | [
"Federalism\n\nOn the 1st of January 1901 the nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation. The Australian continent was colonised by the United Kingdom in 1788, which subsequently established six, eventually self-governing, colonies there. In the 1890s the governments of these colonies ... |
57282b142ca10214002d9fd6 | Which model is of federalism is similar to the federalism model in Australia? | United States of America | [
"Federalism\n\nOn the 1st of January 1901 the nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation. The Australian continent was colonised by the United Kingdom in 1788, which subsequently established six, eventually self-governing, colonies there. In the 1890s the governments of these colonies ... |
57282b142ca10214002d9fd7 | What was established when Australia was colonized? | six, eventually self-governing, colonies | [
"Federalism\n\nOn the 1st of January 1901 the nation-state of Australia officially came into existence as a federation. The Australian continent was colonised by the United Kingdom in 1788, which subsequently established six, eventually self-governing, colonies there. In the 1890s the governments of these colonies ... |
57282bf93acd2414000df629 | When was Brazil's fall of the monarchy? | 1889 | [
"Federalism\n\nIn Brazil, the fall of the monarchy in 1889 by a military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca. Aided by well-known jurist Ruy Barbosa, Fonseca established federalism in Brazil by decree, but this system of government would be confirmed by every Brazili... |
57282bf93acd2414000df62a | Who caused the fall of the monarchy happened in Brazil? | military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca. | [
"Federalism\n\nIn Brazil, the fall of the monarchy in 1889 by a military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca. Aided by well-known jurist Ruy Barbosa, Fonseca established federalism in Brazil by decree, but this system of government would be confirmed by every Brazili... |
57282bf93acd2414000df62b | When did Brazil adopt federalism? | 1891 | [
"Federalism\n\nIn Brazil, the fall of the monarchy in 1889 by a military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca. Aided by well-known jurist Ruy Barbosa, Fonseca established federalism in Brazil by decree, but this system of government would be confirmed by every Brazili... |
57282bf93acd2414000df62c | What other system does Brazil use? | Fonseca system | [
"Federalism\n\nIn Brazil, the fall of the monarchy in 1889 by a military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca. Aided by well-known jurist Ruy Barbosa, Fonseca established federalism in Brazil by decree, but this system of government would be confirmed by every Brazili... |
57282bf93acd2414000df62d | What is the fonseca system? | regulate interstate trade | [
"Federalism\n\nIn Brazil, the fall of the monarchy in 1889 by a military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca. Aided by well-known jurist Ruy Barbosa, Fonseca established federalism in Brazil by decree, but this system of government would be confirmed by every Brazili... |
57282f5c3acd2414000df68b | What is the government of India based on? | tiered system | [
"Federalism\n\nThe government of India is based on a tiered system, in which the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers. The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government (also known as the Central Government),... |
57282f5c3acd2414000df68c | What is a tiered system? | the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers | [
"Federalism\n\nThe government of India is based on a tiered system, in which the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers. The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government (also known as the Central Government),... |
57282f5c3acd2414000df68d | What was the constitution originally provided for? | two-tier system of government | [
"Federalism\n\nThe government of India is based on a tiered system, in which the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers. The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government (also known as the Central Government),... |
57282f5c3acd2414000df68e | When the third tiere was added on, what is it in form of? | Panchayats and Municipalities | [
"Federalism\n\nThe government of India is based on a tiered system, in which the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers. The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government (also known as the Central Government),... |
5728307c4b864d19001646be | What is a distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism? | asymmetric | [
"Federalism\n\nA distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism is that unlike many other forms of federalism, it is asymmetric. Article 370 makes special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession. Article 371 makes special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pr... |
5728307c4b864d19001646bf | What does Article 370 say? | special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession | [
"Federalism\n\nA distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism is that unlike many other forms of federalism, it is asymmetric. Article 370 makes special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession. Article 371 makes special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pr... |
5728307c4b864d19001646c0 | What does Article 371 say? | special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Sikkim | [
"Federalism\n\nA distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism is that unlike many other forms of federalism, it is asymmetric. Article 370 makes special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession. Article 371 makes special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pr... |
5728307c4b864d19001646c1 | What happens with President's Rule? | the central government (through its appointed Governor) takes control of state's administration for certain months | [
"Federalism\n\nA distinguishing aspect of Indian federalism is that unlike many other forms of federalism, it is asymmetric. Article 370 makes special provisions for the state of Jammu and Kashmir as per its Instrument of Accession. Article 371 makes special provisions for the states of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pr... |
572833243acd2414000df6cd | Who is the strongest advocate of the European Federalism? | Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg | [
"Federalism\n\nAlthough the drafts of both the Maastricht treaty and the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe mentioned federalism, the representatives of the member countries (all of whom would have had to agree to use of the term) never formally adopted it. The strongest advocates of European federalism ... |
572833243acd2414000df6ce | Who opposed the European Federalism? | United Kingdom, Denmark and France | [
"Federalism\n\nAlthough the drafts of both the Maastricht treaty and the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe mentioned federalism, the representatives of the member countries (all of whom would have had to agree to use of the term) never formally adopted it. The strongest advocates of European federalism ... |
572833243acd2414000df6cf | When did the French authorities adopted the pro-European Unification position? | Since the presidency of François Mitterrand (1981-1995 | [
"Federalism\n\nAlthough the drafts of both the Maastricht treaty and the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe mentioned federalism, the representatives of the member countries (all of whom would have had to agree to use of the term) never formally adopted it. The strongest advocates of European federalism ... |
572833d43acd2414000df6dd | When did the federal war end? | 1863 | [
"Federalism\n\nThe Federal War ended in 1863 with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces. The United States of Venezuela were subsequently incorporated under a \"Federation of Sovereign States\" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederat... |
572833d43acd2414000df6de | How did the federal war end? | with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces | [
"Federalism\n\nThe Federal War ended in 1863 with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces. The United States of Venezuela were subsequently incorporated under a \"Federation of Sovereign States\" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederat... |
572833d43acd2414000df6df | What did the United States of Venezuela incorporate? | "Federation of Sovereign States" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederation of the United States of America | [
"Federalism\n\nThe Federal War ended in 1863 with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces. The United States of Venezuela were subsequently incorporated under a \"Federation of Sovereign States\" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederat... |
572833d43acd2414000df6e0 | In this type of federation each country had its own what? | President | [
"Federalism\n\nThe Federal War ended in 1863 with the signing of the Treaty of Coche by both the centralist government of the time and the Federal Forces. The United States of Venezuela were subsequently incorporated under a \"Federation of Sovereign States\" upon principles borrowed from the Articles of Confederat... |
572834e44b864d1900164720 | How many components does the Belgian federalism have? | three components | [
"Federalism\n\nOn the other hand, Belgian federalism is federated with three components. An affirmative resolution concerning Brussels' place in the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels. These resolutions passed against the desires of Dutch-speaking parties, who are generally in favour ... |
572834e44b864d1900164721 | What passed on July 18, 2007? | Brussels' parliament | [
"Federalism\n\nOn the other hand, Belgian federalism is federated with three components. An affirmative resolution concerning Brussels' place in the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels. These resolutions passed against the desires of Dutch-speaking parties, who are generally in favour ... |
572834e44b864d1900164722 | What are the Flemish representatives in favor for? | Brussels resolution, with the exception of one party | [
"Federalism\n\nOn the other hand, Belgian federalism is federated with three components. An affirmative resolution concerning Brussels' place in the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels. These resolutions passed against the desires of Dutch-speaking parties, who are generally in favour ... |
572834e44b864d1900164723 | What is Belgian Federalism? | the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels. | [
"Federalism\n\nOn the other hand, Belgian federalism is federated with three components. An affirmative resolution concerning Brussels' place in the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels. These resolutions passed against the desires of Dutch-speaking parties, who are generally in favour ... |
572835953acd2414000df703 | How did they manage the tensions in the present of Spanish Transition to democracy? | the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements. | [
"Federalism\n\nHowever, in order to manage the tensions present in the Spanish transition to democracy, the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements. Besides, unlike in the federal system, the main taxes are taken centrally from Madrid (exc... |
572835953acd2414000df704 | Which cities are recognized in the Spanish Democratic Constitution? | Basque Country and Navarre | [
"Federalism\n\nHowever, in order to manage the tensions present in the Spanish transition to democracy, the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements. Besides, unlike in the federal system, the main taxes are taken centrally from Madrid (exc... |
572835953acd2414000df705 | Where are the main taxes taken? | Madrid | [
"Federalism\n\nHowever, in order to manage the tensions present in the Spanish transition to democracy, the drafters of the current Spanish constitution avoided giving labels such as 'federal' to the territorial arrangements. Besides, unlike in the federal system, the main taxes are taken centrally from Madrid (exc... |
572835ea4b864d1900164742 | What are anarchists against? | State | [
"Federalism\n\nAnarchists are against the State but are not against political organization or \"governance\"—so long as it is self-governance utilizing direct democracy. The mode of political organization preferred by anarchists, in general, is federalism or confederalism.[citation needed] However, the anarchist de... |
572835ea4b864d1900164743 | What are anarchists not against? | not against political organization or "governance"—so long as it is self-governance utilizing direct democracy. | [
"Federalism\n\nAnarchists are against the State but are not against political organization or \"governance\"—so long as it is self-governance utilizing direct democracy. The mode of political organization preferred by anarchists, in general, is federalism or confederalism.[citation needed] However, the anarchist de... |
572835ea4b864d1900164744 | What mode of government does the anarchists prefer? | federalism or confederalism | [
"Federalism\n\nAnarchists are against the State but are not against political organization or \"governance\"—so long as it is self-governance utilizing direct democracy. The mode of political organization preferred by anarchists, in general, is federalism or confederalism.[citation needed] However, the anarchist de... |
5728367e4b864d190016474e | Who can elect the members of the upper house? | government or legislature | [
"Federalism\n\nAlternatively, or in addition to this practice, the members of an upper house may be indirectly elected by the government or legislature of the component states, as occurred in the United States prior to 1913, or be actual members or delegates of the state governments, as, for example, is the case in... |
5728367e4b864d190016474f | Can the members of the upper house be elected directly or indirectly? | indirectly | [
"Federalism\n\nAlternatively, or in addition to this practice, the members of an upper house may be indirectly elected by the government or legislature of the component states, as occurred in the United States prior to 1913, or be actual members or delegates of the state governments, as, for example, is the case in... |
5728367e4b864d1900164750 | Can the members of the lower house be elected directly or indirectly? | directly | [
"Federalism\n\nAlternatively, or in addition to this practice, the members of an upper house may be indirectly elected by the government or legislature of the component states, as occurred in the United States prior to 1913, or be actual members or delegates of the state governments, as, for example, is the case in... |
572836f92ca10214002da0e6 | What is federalism seen as? | a useful way to structure political systems in order prevent violence among different groups with countries | [
"Federalism\n\nFederalism, and other forms of territorially autonomy, is generally seen as a useful way to structure political systems in order prevent violence among different groups with countries because it allows certain groups to legislate at the subnational level. Some scholars have suggested, however, that f... |
572836f92ca10214002da0e7 | What does federalism allow? | it allows certain groups to legislate at the subnational level | [
"Federalism\n\nFederalism, and other forms of territorially autonomy, is generally seen as a useful way to structure political systems in order prevent violence among different groups with countries because it allows certain groups to legislate at the subnational level. Some scholars have suggested, however, that f... |
572836f92ca10214002da0e8 | What do scholars think of federalism? | Some scholars have suggested, however, that federalism can divide countries | [
"Federalism\n\nFederalism, and other forms of territorially autonomy, is generally seen as a useful way to structure political systems in order prevent violence among different groups with countries because it allows certain groups to legislate at the subnational level. Some scholars have suggested, however, that f... |
572837e7ff5b5019007d9f46 | What happened to Russia's subdivision of government? | changed towards a generally autonomous model | [
"Federalism\n\nThe post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the USSR (of which Russia was governed as part). It was liberalized in the aftermath of the Soviet Union, with the reforms under Boris Yeltsin preserving mu... |
572837e7ff5b5019007d9f47 | When was Russia's subdivision liberalized? | in the aftermath of the Soviet Union | [
"Federalism\n\nThe post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the USSR (of which Russia was governed as part). It was liberalized in the aftermath of the Soviet Union, with the reforms under Boris Yeltsin preserving mu... |
572837e7ff5b5019007d9f48 | Who was in charge when the reforms was going on? | Boris Yeltsin | [
"Federalism\n\nThe post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the USSR (of which Russia was governed as part). It was liberalized in the aftermath of the Soviet Union, with the reforms under Boris Yeltsin preserving mu... |
572837e7ff5b5019007d9f49 | Who scaled back some reforms from Yeltsin? | Vladimir Putin | [
"Federalism\n\nThe post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the USSR (of which Russia was governed as part). It was liberalized in the aftermath of the Soviet Union, with the reforms under Boris Yeltsin preserving mu... |
5728384dff5b5019007d9f4e | What is federalism in the United States? | ederalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States | [
"Federalism\n\nFederalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States. American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism. In \"Federalist No. 46,\" James Madison asserted that the states a... |
5728384dff5b5019007d9f4f | How has the American government evolved? | American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism. | [
"Federalism\n\nFederalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States. American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism. In \"Federalist No. 46,\" James Madison asserted that the states a... |
5728384dff5b5019007d9f50 | What happened in Federalist No.46? | James Madison asserted that the states and national government | [
"Federalism\n\nFederalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States. American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism. In \"Federalist No. 46,\" James Madison asserted that the states a... |
5728384dff5b5019007d9f51 | What happened in Federalist No. 28 | "Federalist No. 28," suggested that both levels of government would exercise authority to the citizens' benefit | [
"Federalism\n\nFederalism in the United States is the evolving relationship between state governments and the federal government of the United States. American government has evolved from a system of dual federalism to one of associative federalism. In \"Federalist No. 46,\" James Madison asserted that the states a... |
57283a1b4b864d19001647a4 | Why did the constitution didn't have to explain federalism? | Because the states were preexisting political entities | [
"Federalism\n\nBecause the states were preexisting political entities, the U.S. Constitution did not need to define or explain federalism in any one section but it often mentions the rights and responsibilities of state governments and state officials in relation to the federal government. The federal government ha... |
57283a1b4b864d19001647a5 | What is another word for express powers? | enumerated powers | [
"Federalism\n\nBecause the states were preexisting political entities, the U.S. Constitution did not need to define or explain federalism in any one section but it often mentions the rights and responsibilities of state governments and state officials in relation to the federal government. The federal government ha... |
57283a1b4b864d19001647a6 | Where can we find express powers? | in the Constitution | [
"Federalism\n\nBecause the states were preexisting political entities, the U.S. Constitution did not need to define or explain federalism in any one section but it often mentions the rights and responsibilities of state governments and state officials in relation to the federal government. The federal government ha... |
57283a1b4b864d19001647a7 | What are the expressed powers? | the right to levy taxes, declare war, and regulate interstate and foreign commerce. | [
"Federalism\n\nBecause the states were preexisting political entities, the U.S. Constitution did not need to define or explain federalism in any one section but it often mentions the rights and responsibilities of state governments and state officials in relation to the federal government. The federal government ha... |
57283a1b4b864d19001647a8 | What does the Necessary and Proper Clause do? | gives the federal government the implied power to pass any law "necessary and proper" for the execution of its express powers | [
"Federalism\n\nBecause the states were preexisting political entities, the U.S. Constitution did not need to define or explain federalism in any one section but it often mentions the rights and responsibilities of state governments and state officials in relation to the federal government. The federal government ha... |
57283ac5ff5b5019007d9f8e | What was the federalist party of the United States opposed to? | Democratic-Republicans | [
"Federalism\n\nThe Federalist Party of the United States was opposed by the Democratic-Republicans, including powerful figures such as Thomas Jefferson. The Democratic-Republicans mainly believed that: the Legislature had too much power (mainly because of the Necessary and Proper Clause) and that they were unchecke... |
57283ac5ff5b5019007d9f8f | What did the democratic-republican party believe in? | the Legislature had too much power (mainly because of the Necessary and Proper Clause) and that they were unchecked | [
"Federalism\n\nThe Federalist Party of the United States was opposed by the Democratic-Republicans, including powerful figures such as Thomas Jefferson. The Democratic-Republicans mainly believed that: the Legislature had too much power (mainly because of the Necessary and Proper Clause) and that they were unchecke... |
57283ac5ff5b5019007d9f90 | Who decided the rights in specific cases? | the judicial system of courts | [
"Federalism\n\nThe Federalist Party of the United States was opposed by the Democratic-Republicans, including powerful figures such as Thomas Jefferson. The Democratic-Republicans mainly believed that: the Legislature had too much power (mainly because of the Necessary and Proper Clause) and that they were unchecke... |
57283b6f4b864d19001647b8 | What is the meaning of federalism? | as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context | [
"Federalism\n\nThe meaning of federalism, as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context.[citation needed] Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends.[citation needed]... |
57283b6f4b864d19001647b9 | What types of movements are associated with federalism? | Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends. | [
"Federalism\n\nThe meaning of federalism, as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context.[citation needed] Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends.[citation needed]... |
57283b6f4b864d19001647ba | What countries advocate for a strong central government? | United States and Australia | [
"Federalism\n\nThe meaning of federalism, as a political movement, and of what constitutes a 'federalist', varies with country and historical context.[citation needed] Movements associated with the establishment or development of federations can exhibit either centralising or decentralising trends.[citation needed]... |
57283c283acd2414000df773 | What happened between 1938 to 1995? | the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. | [
"Federalism\n\nFrom 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed b... |
57283c283acd2414000df774 | What are most actions in the federal government known as? | Commerce Clause | [
"Federalism\n\nFrom 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed b... |
57283c283acd2414000df775 | What did the court reject in 1995? | the Supreme Court rejected the Gun-Free School Zones Act in the Lopez decision | [
"Federalism\n\nFrom 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed b... |
57283c283acd2414000df776 | What did the court reject in 1994? | rejected the civil remedy portion of the Violence Against Women Act | [
"Federalism\n\nFrom 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed b... |
57283c283acd2414000df777 | What does the commerce clause include? | include marijuana laws in the Gonzales v. Raich decision | [
"Federalism\n\nFrom 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed b... |
57283ceb4b864d19001647d2 | How many components does the Belgian political landscape include? | two components | [
"Federalism\n\nOn one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Br... |
57283ceb4b864d19001647d3 | What are the two components in the Belgian political landscape? | the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels | [
"Federalism\n\nOn one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Br... |
57283ceb4b864d19001647d4 | What component is the Brussel Region? | third component | [
"Federalism\n\nOn one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Br... |
57283ceb4b864d19001647d5 | What happens with the Brussels special position? | consequently has a number of political issues | [
"Federalism\n\nOn one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Br... |
57283db82ca10214002da15e | The US Constitution says what to amendments? | provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent | [
"Federalism\n\nSome federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a pr... |
57283db82ca10214002da15f | What happens when certain constitutional amendments cannot occur? | cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state | [
"Federalism\n\nSome federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a pr... |
57283db82ca10214002da160 | Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what first? | would require unanimous consent of the provinces. | [
"Federalism\n\nSome federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a pr... |
57283db82ca10214002da161 | What is the German basic law? | provides that no amendment is admissible at all that would abolish the federal system. | [
"Federalism\n\nSome federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a pr... |
57283e934b864d19001647e0 | What does every component state of federation possess? | the same powers | [
"Federalism\n\nWhere every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct ... |
57283e934b864d19001647e1 | Asymmetric federalism exist when? | where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do | [
"Federalism\n\nWhere every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct ... |
57283e934b864d19001647e2 | What cities in Spain are in the historic movement? | Basques and Catalans, as well as the Galicians | [
"Federalism\n\nWhere every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct ... |
57283e934b864d19001647e3 | Is Spain apart of federalism? | Spain is not a federalism, but a decentralized administrative organization of the state. | [
"Federalism\n\nWhere every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct ... |
57283f724b864d19001647f2 | What does federations have for amendments of the constitution? | special procedures | [
"Federalism\n\nFederations often have special procedures for amendment of the federal constitution. As well as reflecting the federal structure of the state this may guarantee that the self-governing status of the component states cannot be abolished without their consent. An amendment to the constitution of the Un... |
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