id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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57293bbeaf94a219006aa1ca | What has race sometimes been used in clinical settings to diagnose and treat? | medical conditions | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nIn the United States, federal government policy promotes the use of racially categorized data to identify and address health disparities between racial or ethnic groups. In clinical settings, race has sometimes been considered in the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. Doc... |
57293bbeaf94a219006aa1cb | What have doctors noted about some medical conditions in certain racial groups? | more prevalent | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nIn the United States, federal government policy promotes the use of racially categorized data to identify and address health disparities between racial or ethnic groups. In clinical settings, race has sometimes been considered in the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. Doc... |
57293bbeaf94a219006aa1cc | What fueled the recent interest in race-based medicine? | proliferation of human genetic data | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nIn the United States, federal government policy promotes the use of racially categorized data to identify and address health disparities between racial or ethnic groups. In clinical settings, race has sometimes been considered in the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. Doc... |
57293bbeaf94a219006aa1cd | What do proponents of the use of racial categories in biomedicine think it makes possible? | application of new genetic findings, | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nIn the United States, federal government policy promotes the use of racially categorized data to identify and address health disparities between racial or ethnic groups. In clinical settings, race has sometimes been considered in the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. Doc... |
57293db73f37b3190047817b | What does finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups not necessarily imply? | genetic causation of the difference | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nOther researchers point out that finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups does not necessarily imply genetic causation of the difference. They suggest that medical practices should maintain their focus on the individual rather than an individual'... |
57293db73f37b3190047817c | What do some research suggest medical practices should maintain their focus on? | the individual | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nOther researchers point out that finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups does not necessarily imply genetic causation of the difference. They suggest that medical practices should maintain their focus on the individual rather than an individual'... |
57293db73f37b3190047817d | What is a risk of overemphasizing genetic contributions to health issues? | reinforcing stereotypes | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nOther researchers point out that finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups does not necessarily imply genetic causation of the difference. They suggest that medical practices should maintain their focus on the individual rather than an individual'... |
57293db73f37b3190047817e | What is makes more of a difference than race in health outcomes for "race specific" diseases? | living conditions | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nOther researchers point out that finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups does not necessarily imply genetic causation of the difference. They suggest that medical practices should maintain their focus on the individual rather than an individual'... |
57293db73f37b3190047817f | What have some studies found patients reluctant to accept in medical practice? | racial categorization | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nOther researchers point out that finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups does not necessarily imply genetic causation of the difference. They suggest that medical practices should maintain their focus on the individual rather than an individual'... |
572940edaf94a219006aa1ef | What does the FBI feel providing general descriptions helps to facilitate? | job of law enforcement officers | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nIn an attempt to provide general descriptions that may facilitate the job of law enforcement officers seeking to apprehend suspects, the United States FBI employs the term \"race\" to summarize the general appearance (skin color, hair texture, eye shape, and other such easily noticed... |
572940edaf94a219006aa1f0 | What does the FBI employ the term race to summarize? | general appearance | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nIn an attempt to provide general descriptions that may facilitate the job of law enforcement officers seeking to apprehend suspects, the United States FBI employs the term \"race\" to summarize the general appearance (skin color, hair texture, eye shape, and other such easily noticed... |
572940edaf94a219006aa1f1 | What does law enforcement feel appearance characteristics of individuals help them do to those individuals? | apprehend | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nIn an attempt to provide general descriptions that may facilitate the job of law enforcement officers seeking to apprehend suspects, the United States FBI employs the term \"race\" to summarize the general appearance (skin color, hair texture, eye shape, and other such easily noticed... |
572940edaf94a219006aa1f2 | What is more important for law enforcement in categorizing instead of DNA? | arrive at a description | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nIn an attempt to provide general descriptions that may facilitate the job of law enforcement officers seeking to apprehend suspects, the United States FBI employs the term \"race\" to summarize the general appearance (skin color, hair texture, eye shape, and other such easily noticed... |
572940edaf94a219006aa1f3 | What does a description of a wanted individual include beyond their racial category? | height, weight, eye color, scars and other distinguishing characteristics. | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nIn an attempt to provide general descriptions that may facilitate the job of law enforcement officers seeking to apprehend suspects, the United States FBI employs the term \"race\" to summarize the general appearance (skin color, hair texture, eye shape, and other such easily noticed... |
572941bb1d04691400779203 | How many separate classification systems do agencies in England and Wales use? | at least two | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nCriminal justice agencies in England and Wales use at least two separate racial/ethnic classification systems when reporting crime, as of 2010. One is the system used in the 2001 Census when individuals identify themselves as belonging to a particular ethnic group: W1 (White-British)... |
572941bb1d04691400779204 | When did individuals self-identify as belonging to a particular ethnic group? | the 2001 Census | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nCriminal justice agencies in England and Wales use at least two separate racial/ethnic classification systems when reporting crime, as of 2010. One is the system used in the 2001 Census when individuals identify themselves as belonging to a particular ethnic group: W1 (White-British)... |
572941bb1d04691400779205 | How do police identify someone as belonging to an ethnic group? | visually | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nCriminal justice agencies in England and Wales use at least two separate racial/ethnic classification systems when reporting crime, as of 2010. One is the system used in the 2001 Census when individuals identify themselves as belonging to a particular ethnic group: W1 (White-British)... |
572941bb1d04691400779206 | What does IC stand for? | Identification Code | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nCriminal justice agencies in England and Wales use at least two separate racial/ethnic classification systems when reporting crime, as of 2010. One is the system used in the 2001 Census when individuals identify themselves as belonging to a particular ethnic group: W1 (White-British)... |
572941bb1d04691400779207 | What ethnicity term was one problem cited about the number of reports containing it? | Not Stated | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nCriminal justice agencies in England and Wales use at least two separate racial/ethnic classification systems when reporting crime, as of 2010. One is the system used in the 2001 Census when individuals identify themselves as belonging to a particular ethnic group: W1 (White-British)... |
572942763f37b319004781b7 | Where has the practice of racial profiling been ruled to be unconstitutional? | United States | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nIn the United States, the practice of racial profiling has been ruled to be both unconstitutional and a violation of civil rights. There is active debate regarding the cause of a marked correlation between the recorded crimes, punishments meted out, and the country's populations. Man... |
572942763f37b319004781b8 | What is a violation of civil rights in the United States? | racial profiling | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nIn the United States, the practice of racial profiling has been ruled to be both unconstitutional and a violation of civil rights. There is active debate regarding the cause of a marked correlation between the recorded crimes, punishments meted out, and the country's populations. Man... |
572942763f37b319004781b9 | What do many consider an example of institutional racism in law enforcement? | de facto racial profiling | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nIn the United States, the practice of racial profiling has been ruled to be both unconstitutional and a violation of civil rights. There is active debate regarding the cause of a marked correlation between the recorded crimes, punishments meted out, and the country's populations. Man... |
572942763f37b319004781ba | How has the misuse of racial categories historically impacted one or more groups? | adversely | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nIn the United States, the practice of racial profiling has been ruled to be both unconstitutional and a violation of civil rights. There is active debate regarding the cause of a marked correlation between the recorded crimes, punishments meted out, and the country's populations. Man... |
572942763f37b319004781bb | What has impacted the debate on the legitimate use of known phenotypical characteristics? | misuse of racial categories | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nIn the United States, the practice of racial profiling has been ruled to be both unconstitutional and a violation of civil rights. There is active debate regarding the cause of a marked correlation between the recorded crimes, punishments meted out, and the country's populations. Man... |
572944df6aef051400154c24 | What impacts African American and Latino communities in disproportionate numbers? | Mass incarceration | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nMass incarceration in the United States disproportionately impacts African American and Latino communities. Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2010), argues that mass incarceration is best understood as not only a system o... |
572944df6aef051400154c25 | Who is the author of "The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness"? | Michelle Alexander | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nMass incarceration in the United States disproportionately impacts African American and Latino communities. Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2010), argues that mass incarceration is best understood as not only a system o... |
572944df6aef051400154c26 | What type of bars and walls beyond physical ones does Alexander think people are behind? | virtual | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nMass incarceration in the United States disproportionately impacts African American and Latino communities. Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2010), argues that mass incarceration is best understood as not only a system o... |
572944df6aef051400154c27 | Who does Alexander think a second class citizenship is imposed upon disproportionately? | people of color | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nMass incarceration in the United States disproportionately impacts African American and Latino communities. Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2010), argues that mass incarceration is best understood as not only a system o... |
572944df6aef051400154c28 | What type of caste system is mass incarceration compared to? | racial | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nMass incarceration in the United States disproportionately impacts African American and Latino communities. Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2010), argues that mass incarceration is best understood as not only a system o... |
5729458baf94a219006aa22d | What morphological features do forensic anthropologists draw on? | highly heritable | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nSimilarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race. In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had general... |
5729458baf94a219006aa22e | What measurement can aid in the identification of a human body? | cranial | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nSimilarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race. In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had general... |
5729458baf94a219006aa22f | Who noted in a 1992 article that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as valid? | Norman Sauer | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nSimilarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race. In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had general... |
5729458baf94a219006aa230 | What group still uses race as a valid means to represent human biological diversity? | forensic anthropologists | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nSimilarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race. In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had general... |
5729458baf94a219006aa231 | What are forensic anthropologists very good at identifying? | races | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nSimilarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race. In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had general... |
572946336aef051400154c42 | What does mapping clusters disentangle ancestry from? | culture | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nAbu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates \"the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity.\"[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the cl... |
572946336aef051400154c43 | Hammer and others recently aimed to test what claim about how closely related present-day Jews are to what group? | neighbouring non-Jewish populations | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nAbu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates \"the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity.\"[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the cl... |
572946336aef051400154c44 | What shifted depending on the locus investigated? | the degree of genetic similarity among Jews | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nAbu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates \"the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity.\"[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the cl... |
572946336aef051400154c45 | What was suggested the reason for the degree of genetic shift among Jews was the result of? | natural selection acting on particular loci | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nAbu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates \"the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity.\"[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the cl... |
572946336aef051400154c46 | What chromosome was focused on to circumvent some of the complications associated with selection? | Y | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nAbu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates \"the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity.\"[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the cl... |
572947453f37b319004781f9 | Thomas and others sought to distinguish between what chromosome of Jewish priests and that of non-Jews? | Y | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nAs another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that thi... |
572947453f37b319004781fa | What does the new "race science" call attention to the importance of? | ancestry | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nAs another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that thi... |
572947453f37b319004781fb | What do people desire to use science to confirm? | their claims about ancestry | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nAs another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that thi... |
572947453f37b319004781fc | What is fundamentally different from older notions of race? | race science | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nAs another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that thi... |
572947453f37b319004781fd | How were older notions of race used? | to explain differences in human behaviour or social status | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nAs another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that thi... |
572947f33f37b31900478203 | What is a problem with racial assignments? | admixture | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nOne problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of pe... |
572947f33f37b31900478204 | How many people have a varied ancestry? | Many | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nOne problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of pe... |
572947f33f37b31900478205 | When were periods of numerous interracial relationships in the U.S.? | colonial and early federal history | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nOne problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of pe... |
572947f33f37b31900478206 | Who do many people who identify as white have for ancestors? | African | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nOne problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of pe... |
572947f33f37b31900478207 | What percentage of African ancestry were 30% of college students identifying as white estimated to have? | 10% | [
"Race_(human_categorization)\n\nOne problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of pe... |
5728b2912ca10214002da5fa | What is the aggregate population of Paris? | 10,550,350 | [
"Paris\n\nSince the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census). Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 ce... |
5728b2912ca10214002da5fb | From what census is this information from? | 2012 census | [
"Paris\n\nSince the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census). Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 ce... |
5728b2912ca10214002da5fc | What is the population of Paris' metropolitan area? | 12,341,418 | [
"Paris\n\nSince the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census). Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 ce... |
5728b2912ca10214002da5fd | How many kilometers does the administrative region cover? | 12,012 km² | [
"Paris\n\nSince the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census). Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 ce... |
5728b2912ca10214002da5fe | As of 2014 how many inhabitants lived in the administrative region? | 12 million | [
"Paris\n\nSince the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census). Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 ce... |
5728b348ff5b5019007da4d4 | What is the most visited art museum in the world? | Louvre | [
"Paris\n\nParis is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cath... |
5728b348ff5b5019007da4d5 | what is the Musee de Orsay known for? | French Impressionist art | [
"Paris\n\nParis is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cath... |
5728b348ff5b5019007da4d6 | In what year was the Eiffel Tower built? | 1889 | [
"Paris\n\nParis is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cath... |
5728b348ff5b5019007da4d7 | How many visitors did Paris receive in 2014? | 22.4 million | [
"Paris\n\nParis is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cath... |
5728b348ff5b5019007da4d8 | In what century was the Notre Dame Cathedral built? | 12th | [
"Paris\n\nParis is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cath... |
5728b510ff5b5019007da51a | What is the name of the football club in Paris? | Paris Saint-Germain | [
"Paris\n\nParis is home to the association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on t... |
5728b510ff5b5019007da51b | What is the name of the rugby union in Paris? | Stade Français | [
"Paris\n\nParis is home to the association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on t... |
5728b510ff5b5019007da51c | How many seats are in Stade de France? | 80,000 | [
"Paris\n\nParis is home to the association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on t... |
5728b510ff5b5019007da51d | In what year did Paris host the World Cup? | 2007 | [
"Paris\n\nParis is home to the association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on t... |
5728b510ff5b5019007da51e | In what month is the Tour de France? | July | [
"Paris\n\nParis is home to the association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on t... |
5728b6a6ff5b5019007da534 | What was Paris known as in Latin? | Parisius | [
"Paris\n\nBy the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French. Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD. According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris. When he refused to renounce his faith, he was behea... |
5728b6a6ff5b5019007da535 | In what century was Christianity introduced? | 3rd | [
"Paris\n\nBy the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French. Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD. According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris. When he refused to renounce his faith, he was behea... |
5728b6a6ff5b5019007da536 | Who brought Christianity to Paris? | Saint Denis | [
"Paris\n\nBy the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French. Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD. According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris. When he refused to renounce his faith, he was behea... |
5728b6a6ff5b5019007da537 | What is the name of Saint Denis burial place? | Basilica of Saint-Denis | [
"Paris\n\nBy the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French. Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD. According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris. When he refused to renounce his faith, he was behea... |
5728b6a6ff5b5019007da538 | Where was Saint Denis beheaded? | Mountain of Martyrs | [
"Paris\n\nBy the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French. Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD. According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris. When he refused to renounce his faith, he was behea... |
5728bc102ca10214002da6b6 | who was the first king of the Merovingian dynasty? | Clovis the Frank | [
"Paris\n\nClovis the Frank, the first king of the Merovingian dynasty, made the city his capital from 508. A gradual immigration by the Franks also occurred in Paris in the beginning of the Frankish domination of Gaul which created the Parisian Francien dialects. Fortification of the Île-de-France failed to prevent... |
5728bc102ca10214002da6b7 | In what year was Hugh Capet elected as king? | 987 | [
"Paris\n\nClovis the Frank, the first king of the Merovingian dynasty, made the city his capital from 508. A gradual immigration by the Franks also occurred in Paris in the beginning of the Frankish domination of Gaul which created the Parisian Francien dialects. Fortification of the Île-de-France failed to prevent... |
5728bc102ca10214002da6b8 | What helped establish a successful defense in the Siege of Paris? | bridges | [
"Paris\n\nClovis the Frank, the first king of the Merovingian dynasty, made the city his capital from 508. A gradual immigration by the Franks also occurred in Paris in the beginning of the Frankish domination of Gaul which created the Parisian Francien dialects. Fortification of the Île-de-France failed to prevent... |
5728bc102ca10214002da6b9 | The domination of what helped create the Parisian dialect? | Gaul | [
"Paris\n\nClovis the Frank, the first king of the Merovingian dynasty, made the city his capital from 508. A gradual immigration by the Franks also occurred in Paris in the beginning of the Frankish domination of Gaul which created the Parisian Francien dialects. Fortification of the Île-de-France failed to prevent... |
5728bf3a2ca10214002da6d2 | What was the site of the royal palace in the 12th century? | Île de la Cité | [
"Paris\n\nBy the end of the 12th century, Paris had become the political, economic, religious, and cultural capital of France. The Île de la Cité was the site of the royal palace. In 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, Maurice de Sully, bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its... |
5728bf3a2ca10214002da6d3 | Who was in charge of the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral? | Maurice de Sully | [
"Paris\n\nBy the end of the 12th century, Paris had become the political, economic, religious, and cultural capital of France. The Île de la Cité was the site of the royal palace. In 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, Maurice de Sully, bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its... |
5728bf3a2ca10214002da6d4 | Where was the University of Paris located? | The Left Bank | [
"Paris\n\nBy the end of the 12th century, Paris had become the political, economic, religious, and cultural capital of France. The Île de la Cité was the site of the royal palace. In 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, Maurice de Sully, bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its... |
5728bf3a2ca10214002da6d5 | Under who's reign was the construction of Notre Dame Cathedral? | Louis VII | [
"Paris\n\nBy the end of the 12th century, Paris had become the political, economic, religious, and cultural capital of France. The Île de la Cité was the site of the royal palace. In 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, Maurice de Sully, bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its... |
5728bfe53acd2414000dfd99 | In what years did the English soldiers occupy Paris during the Hundred Years War? | 1420 until 1436 | [
"Paris\n\nDuring the Hundred Years' War, the army of the Duke of Burgundy and a force of about two hundred English soldiers occupied Paris from May 1420 until 1436. They repelled an attempt by Joan of Arc to liberate the city in 1429. A century later, during the French Wars of Religion, Paris was a stronghold of th... |
5728bfe53acd2414000dfd9a | Who tried to liberate the city in 1429? | Joan of Arc | [
"Paris\n\nDuring the Hundred Years' War, the army of the Duke of Burgundy and a force of about two hundred English soldiers occupied Paris from May 1420 until 1436. They repelled an attempt by Joan of Arc to liberate the city in 1429. A century later, during the French Wars of Religion, Paris was a stronghold of th... |
5728bfe53acd2414000dfd9b | What was the date of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre? | 24 August 1572 | [
"Paris\n\nDuring the Hundred Years' War, the army of the Duke of Burgundy and a force of about two hundred English soldiers occupied Paris from May 1420 until 1436. They repelled an attempt by Joan of Arc to liberate the city in 1429. A century later, during the French Wars of Religion, Paris was a stronghold of th... |
5728bfe53acd2414000dfd9c | In what year was Henri IV assassinated? | 1610 | [
"Paris\n\nDuring the Hundred Years' War, the army of the Duke of Burgundy and a force of about two hundred English soldiers occupied Paris from May 1420 until 1436. They repelled an attempt by Joan of Arc to liberate the city in 1429. A century later, during the French Wars of Religion, Paris was a stronghold of th... |
5728bfe53acd2414000dfd9d | Who was responsible for rebuilding Paris in the 1600's | Henry IV | [
"Paris\n\nDuring the Hundred Years' War, the army of the Duke of Burgundy and a force of about two hundred English soldiers occupied Paris from May 1420 until 1436. They repelled an attempt by Joan of Arc to liberate the city in 1429. A century later, during the French Wars of Religion, Paris was a stronghold of th... |
5728c068ff5b5019007da5f8 | In what year did Louis XIV move his court to Versailles? | 1682 | [
"Paris\n\nLouis XIV distrusted the Parisians and moved his court to Versailles in 1682, but his reign also saw an unprecedented flourishing of the arts and sciences in Paris. The Comédie-Française, the Academy of Painting, and the French Academy of Sciences were founded and made their headquarters in the city. To s... |
5728c068ff5b5019007da5f9 | What monuments did Louis XIV have constructed? | Collège des Quatre-Nations, Place Vendôme, Place des Victoires, and began Les Invalides. | [
"Paris\n\nLouis XIV distrusted the Parisians and moved his court to Versailles in 1682, but his reign also saw an unprecedented flourishing of the arts and sciences in Paris. The Comédie-Française, the Academy of Painting, and the French Academy of Sciences were founded and made their headquarters in the city. To s... |
5728c068ff5b5019007da5fa | What was the reason behind demolishing the city walls? | To show that the city was safe against attack | [
"Paris\n\nLouis XIV distrusted the Parisians and moved his court to Versailles in 1682, but his reign also saw an unprecedented flourishing of the arts and sciences in Paris. The Comédie-Française, the Academy of Painting, and the French Academy of Sciences were founded and made their headquarters in the city. To s... |
5728c068ff5b5019007da5fb | In what city was the French Academy of Science founded | Paris | [
"Paris\n\nLouis XIV distrusted the Parisians and moved his court to Versailles in 1682, but his reign also saw an unprecedented flourishing of the arts and sciences in Paris. The Comédie-Française, the Academy of Painting, and the French Academy of Sciences were founded and made their headquarters in the city. To s... |
5728c0daff5b5019007da600 | Where did Louis XVI and his family live? | Tuileries Palace | [
"Paris\n\nLouis XVI and the royal family were brought to Paris and made virtual prisoners within the Tuileries Palace. In 1793, as the revolution turned more and more radical, the king, queen, and the mayor were guillotined, along with more than 16,000 others (throughout France), during the Reign of Terror. The pro... |
5728c0daff5b5019007da601 | When did Napoleon Bonaparte gain power as the First Consul? | 9 November 1799 | [
"Paris\n\nLouis XVI and the royal family were brought to Paris and made virtual prisoners within the Tuileries Palace. In 1793, as the revolution turned more and more radical, the king, queen, and the mayor were guillotined, along with more than 16,000 others (throughout France), during the Reign of Terror. The pro... |
5728c0daff5b5019007da602 | Approximately how many people were executed during the Reign of Terror? | 16,000 | [
"Paris\n\nLouis XVI and the royal family were brought to Paris and made virtual prisoners within the Tuileries Palace. In 1793, as the revolution turned more and more radical, the king, queen, and the mayor were guillotined, along with more than 16,000 others (throughout France), during the Reign of Terror. The pro... |
5728c1482ca10214002da71a | In what year was Louis-Phillipe over thrown? | 1848 | [
"Paris\n\nLouis-Philippe was overthrown by a popular uprising in the streets of Paris in 1848. His successor, Napoleon III, and the newly appointed prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, launched a gigantic public works project to build wide new boulevards, a new opera house, a central market, new aqueduct... |
5728c1482ca10214002da71b | In what year did Napoleon III create new arrondissements? | 1860 | [
"Paris\n\nLouis-Philippe was overthrown by a popular uprising in the streets of Paris in 1848. His successor, Napoleon III, and the newly appointed prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, launched a gigantic public works project to build wide new boulevards, a new opera house, a central market, new aqueduct... |
5728c1482ca10214002da71c | Who was Napoleon III's prefect of the Siene? | Georges-Eugène Haussmann | [
"Paris\n\nLouis-Philippe was overthrown by a popular uprising in the streets of Paris in 1848. His successor, Napoleon III, and the newly appointed prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, launched a gigantic public works project to build wide new boulevards, a new opera house, a central market, new aqueduct... |
5728c2beff5b5019007da618 | What type of art did Courbet, Manet, Monet and Renoir create? | Impressionism | [
"Paris\n\nLate in the 19th century, Paris hosted two major international expositions: the 1889 Universal Exposition, was held to mark the centennial of the French Revolution and featured the new Eiffel Tower; and the 1900 Universal Exposition, which gave Paris the Pont Alexandre III, the Grand Palais, the Petit Pal... |
5728c2beff5b5019007da619 | What was the purpose of the 1889 Universal Exposition? | to mark the centennial of the French Revolution | [
"Paris\n\nLate in the 19th century, Paris hosted two major international expositions: the 1889 Universal Exposition, was held to mark the centennial of the French Revolution and featured the new Eiffel Tower; and the 1900 Universal Exposition, which gave Paris the Pont Alexandre III, the Grand Palais, the Petit Pal... |
5728c2beff5b5019007da61a | Where was the Eiffel Tower revealed? | 1889 Universal Exposition | [
"Paris\n\nLate in the 19th century, Paris hosted two major international expositions: the 1889 Universal Exposition, was held to mark the centennial of the French Revolution and featured the new Eiffel Tower; and the 1900 Universal Exposition, which gave Paris the Pont Alexandre III, the Grand Palais, the Petit Pal... |
5728c2beff5b5019007da61b | What type of art was created by Charles Baudelaire and Paul Verlaine? | Symbolism | [
"Paris\n\nLate in the 19th century, Paris hosted two major international expositions: the 1889 Universal Exposition, was held to mark the centennial of the French Revolution and featured the new Eiffel Tower; and the 1900 Universal Exposition, which gave Paris the Pont Alexandre III, the Grand Palais, the Petit Pal... |
5728c34cff5b5019007da62a | How many soldiers did Parisian Taxis transport to the front line at the First Battle of the Marne? | 6,000 | [
"Paris\n\nDuring the First World War, Paris sometimes found itself on the front line; 600 to 1,000 Paris taxis played a small but highly important symbolic role in transporting 6,000 soldiers to the front line at the First Battle of the Marne. The city was also bombed by Zeppelins and shelled by German long-range g... |
5728c34cff5b5019007da62b | What are the years after the war commonly known as? | Les Années Folles | [
"Paris\n\nDuring the First World War, Paris sometimes found itself on the front line; 600 to 1,000 Paris taxis played a small but highly important symbolic role in transporting 6,000 soldiers to the front line at the First Battle of the Marne. The city was also bombed by Zeppelins and shelled by German long-range g... |
5728c34cff5b5019007da62c | Who are some popular artists, writers and musicians that resided in Paris after the war? | Ernest Hemingway, Igor Stravinsky, James Joyce, Josephine Baker, Sidney Bechet and the surrealist Salvador Dalí. | [
"Paris\n\nDuring the First World War, Paris sometimes found itself on the front line; 600 to 1,000 Paris taxis played a small but highly important symbolic role in transporting 6,000 soldiers to the front line at the First Battle of the Marne. The city was also bombed by Zeppelins and shelled by German long-range g... |
5728c3cf2ca10214002da73a | On what date did the German army declare Paris as an open city? | 14 June 1940 | [
"Paris\n\nOn 14 June 1940, the German army marched into Paris, which had been declared an \"open city\". On 16–17 July 1942, following German orders, the French police and gendarmes arrested 12,884 Jews, including 4,115 children, and confined them during five days at the Vel d'Hiv (Vélodrome d'Hiver), from which th... |
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