id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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5728f0992ca10214002daae6 | What was another name for the Tokugawa era? | the Edo period | [
"Samurai\n\nDuring the Tokugawa shogunate, samurai increasingly became courtiers, bureaucrats, and administrators rather than warriors. With no warfare since the early 17th century, samurai gradually lost their military function during the Tokugawa era (also called the Edo period). By the end of the Tokugawa era, s... |
5728f0992ca10214002daae7 | What was the samurai's long sword called? | katana | [
"Samurai\n\nDuring the Tokugawa shogunate, samurai increasingly became courtiers, bureaucrats, and administrators rather than warriors. With no warfare since the early 17th century, samurai gradually lost their military function during the Tokugawa era (also called the Edo period). By the end of the Tokugawa era, s... |
5728f0992ca10214002daae8 | What was the samurai's short sword called? | wakizashi | [
"Samurai\n\nDuring the Tokugawa shogunate, samurai increasingly became courtiers, bureaucrats, and administrators rather than warriors. With no warfare since the early 17th century, samurai gradually lost their military function during the Tokugawa era (also called the Edo period). By the end of the Tokugawa era, s... |
5728f0f74b864d19001650e6 | Who were most samurais' lords? | daimyo | [
"Samurai\n\nTheoretical obligations between a samurai and his lord (usually a daimyo) increased from the Genpei era to the Edo era. They were strongly emphasized by the teachings of Confucius and Mencius (ca 550 BC), which were required reading for the educated samurai class. Bushido was formalized by several influ... |
5728f0f74b864d19001650e7 | Whose teachings did all samurai read? | Confucius and Mencius | [
"Samurai\n\nTheoretical obligations between a samurai and his lord (usually a daimyo) increased from the Genpei era to the Edo era. They were strongly emphasized by the teachings of Confucius and Mencius (ca 550 BC), which were required reading for the educated samurai class. Bushido was formalized by several influ... |
5728f0f74b864d19001650e8 | What did Bushido transcend? | social class, time and geographic location | [
"Samurai\n\nTheoretical obligations between a samurai and his lord (usually a daimyo) increased from the Genpei era to the Edo era. They were strongly emphasized by the teachings of Confucius and Mencius (ca 550 BC), which were required reading for the educated samurai class. Bushido was formalized by several influ... |
5728f0f74b864d19001650e9 | When was Bushido formalized? | before the Edo Period | [
"Samurai\n\nTheoretical obligations between a samurai and his lord (usually a daimyo) increased from the Genpei era to the Edo era. They were strongly emphasized by the teachings of Confucius and Mencius (ca 550 BC), which were required reading for the educated samurai class. Bushido was formalized by several influ... |
5728f0f74b864d19001650ea | Who formalized Bushido? | several influential leaders and families | [
"Samurai\n\nTheoretical obligations between a samurai and his lord (usually a daimyo) increased from the Genpei era to the Edo era. They were strongly emphasized by the teachings of Confucius and Mencius (ca 550 BC), which were required reading for the educated samurai class. Bushido was formalized by several influ... |
5728f14c2ca10214002daaf8 | Which force invaded Japan in 1853? | U.S. Navy | [
"Samurai\n\nThe relative peace of the Tokugawa era was shattered with the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry's massive U.S. Navy steamships in 1853. Perry used his superior firepower to force Japan to open its borders to trade. Prior to that only a few harbor towns, under strict control from the Shogunate, were all... |
5728f14c2ca10214002daaf9 | Who lead the US Navy's invasion of Japan? | Commodore Matthew Perry | [
"Samurai\n\nThe relative peace of the Tokugawa era was shattered with the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry's massive U.S. Navy steamships in 1853. Perry used his superior firepower to force Japan to open its borders to trade. Prior to that only a few harbor towns, under strict control from the Shogunate, were all... |
5728f14c2ca10214002daafa | What was Perry's goal in Japan? | force Japan to open its borders to trade | [
"Samurai\n\nThe relative peace of the Tokugawa era was shattered with the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry's massive U.S. Navy steamships in 1853. Perry used his superior firepower to force Japan to open its borders to trade. Prior to that only a few harbor towns, under strict control from the Shogunate, were all... |
5728f14c2ca10214002daafb | What technology helped the downfall of samurai? | arquebus | [
"Samurai\n\nThe relative peace of the Tokugawa era was shattered with the arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry's massive U.S. Navy steamships in 1853. Perry used his superior firepower to force Japan to open its borders to trade. Prior to that only a few harbor towns, under strict control from the Shogunate, were all... |
5728f1a1af94a219006a9e1d | When was the samurai military modernized? | 1854 | [
"Samurai\n\nFrom 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto. French naval engineers we... |
5728f1a1af94a219006a9e1e | Where did Japan open a military school in 1855? | Nagasaki | [
"Samurai\n\nFrom 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto. French naval engineers we... |
5728f1a1af94a219006a9e1f | What kind of military school did Japan open in 1855? | Naval | [
"Samurai\n\nFrom 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto. French naval engineers we... |
5728f1a1af94a219006a9e20 | What nationality of engineers did Japan hire to build naval arsenals? | tradition | [
"Samurai\n\nFrom 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto. French naval engineers we... |
5728f1a1af94a219006a9e21 | How many steam warships did Japan have in 1867? | eight | [
"Samurai\n\nFrom 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto. French naval engineers we... |
5728f2282ca10214002dab00 | Who established a western-style army in Japan? | Emperor Meiji | [
"Samurai\n\nEmperor Meiji abolished the samurai's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern, western-style, conscripted army in 1873. Samurai became Shizoku (士族) who retained some of their salaries, but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute co... |
5728f2282ca10214002dab01 | When was a western-style army established in Japan? | 1873 | [
"Samurai\n\nEmperor Meiji abolished the samurai's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern, western-style, conscripted army in 1873. Samurai became Shizoku (士族) who retained some of their salaries, but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute co... |
5728f2282ca10214002dab02 | What did samurai become in 1873? | Shizoku | [
"Samurai\n\nEmperor Meiji abolished the samurai's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern, western-style, conscripted army in 1873. Samurai became Shizoku (士族) who retained some of their salaries, but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute co... |
5728f2282ca10214002dab03 | Who had samurai been allowed to kill? | commoners who paid them disrespect | [
"Samurai\n\nEmperor Meiji abolished the samurai's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern, western-style, conscripted army in 1873. Samurai became Shizoku (士族) who retained some of their salaries, but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute co... |
5728f2282ca10214002dab04 | In what century were the Meiji reforms? | 19th | [
"Samurai\n\nEmperor Meiji abolished the samurai's right to be the only armed force in favor of a more modern, western-style, conscripted army in 1873. Samurai became Shizoku (士族) who retained some of their salaries, but the right to wear a katana in public was eventually abolished along with the right to execute co... |
5728f2a34b864d1900165102 | What group made up most of Japan's first exchange students? | Samurai | [
"Samurai\n\nSamurai were many of the early exchange students, not directly because they were samurai, but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars. Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations, while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters an... |
5728f2a34b864d1900165103 | Who started Mitsubishi? | Iwasaki Yatarō | [
"Samurai\n\nSamurai were many of the early exchange students, not directly because they were samurai, but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars. Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations, while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters an... |
5728f2a34b864d1900165104 | What was Iwasaki's relationship to samurai? | great-grandson of a samurai | [
"Samurai\n\nSamurai were many of the early exchange students, not directly because they were samurai, but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars. Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations, while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters an... |
5728f2a34b864d1900165105 | What kind of schools did samurai start? | private schools for higher educations | [
"Samurai\n\nSamurai were many of the early exchange students, not directly because they were samurai, but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars. Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations, while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters an... |
5728f2a34b864d1900165106 | Who did samurai write for? | newspaper companies | [
"Samurai\n\nSamurai were many of the early exchange students, not directly because they were samurai, but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars. Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations, while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters an... |
5728f3026aef05140015489e | What philosophies were the samurai influenced by? | Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto | [
"Samurai\n\nThe philosophies of Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto, influenced the samurai culture. Zen meditation became an important teaching due to it offering a process to calm one's mind. The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth led samurai to abandon torture and needless... |
5728f3026aef05140015489f | What type of meditation did samurai do? | Zen | [
"Samurai\n\nThe philosophies of Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto, influenced the samurai culture. Zen meditation became an important teaching due to it offering a process to calm one's mind. The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth led samurai to abandon torture and needless... |
5728f3026aef0514001548a0 | What caused some samurai to stop fighting? | The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth | [
"Samurai\n\nThe philosophies of Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto, influenced the samurai culture. Zen meditation became an important teaching due to it offering a process to calm one's mind. The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth led samurai to abandon torture and needless... |
5728f3026aef0514001548a1 | What was the contribution of Confucianism to samurai? | to stress the importance of the lord-retainer relationship | [
"Samurai\n\nThe philosophies of Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto, influenced the samurai culture. Zen meditation became an important teaching due to it offering a process to calm one's mind. The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth led samurai to abandon torture and needless... |
5728f34c4b864d190016510c | When was Hojo Shigetoki born? | 1198 | [
"Samurai\n\nIn the 13th century, Hōjō Shigetoki (1198–1261 AD) wrote: \"When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master.\" Carl Steenstrup noted that 13th and 14th century warrior writings (gunki) \... |
5728f34c4b864d190016510d | When did Hojo Shigetoki die? | 1261 | [
"Samurai\n\nIn the 13th century, Hōjō Shigetoki (1198–1261 AD) wrote: \"When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master.\" Carl Steenstrup noted that 13th and 14th century warrior writings (gunki) \... |
5728f34c4b864d190016510e | What were gunki? | 13th and 14th century warrior writings | [
"Samurai\n\nIn the 13th century, Hōjō Shigetoki (1198–1261 AD) wrote: \"When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master.\" Carl Steenstrup noted that 13th and 14th century warrior writings (gunki) \... |
5728f34c4b864d190016510f | When was Shiba Yoshimasa born? | 1350 | [
"Samurai\n\nIn the 13th century, Hōjō Shigetoki (1198–1261 AD) wrote: \"When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master.\" Carl Steenstrup noted that 13th and 14th century warrior writings (gunki) \... |
5728f34c4b864d1900165110 | When did Shiba Yoshimasa die? | 1410 | [
"Samurai\n\nIn the 13th century, Hōjō Shigetoki (1198–1261 AD) wrote: \"When one is serving officially or in the master's court, he should not think of a hundred or a thousand people, but should consider only the importance of the master.\" Carl Steenstrup noted that 13th and 14th century warrior writings (gunki) \... |
5728f3a54b864d190016511e | What does a samurai has his heart in the wrong place dislike? | battle | [
"Samurai\n\n\"First of all, a samurai who dislikes battle and has not put his heart in the right place even though he has been born in the house of the warrior, should not be reckoned among one's retainers....It is forbidden to forget the great debt of kindness one owes to his master and ancestors and thereby make ... |
5728f3a54b864d190016511f | What debt should samurai not forget? | the great debt of kindness one owes to his master and ancestors | [
"Samurai\n\n\"First of all, a samurai who dislikes battle and has not put his heart in the right place even though he has been born in the house of the warrior, should not be reckoned among one's retainers....It is forbidden to forget the great debt of kindness one owes to his master and ancestors and thereby make ... |
5728f3a54b864d1900165120 | What virtues should samurai not be dismissive of? | loyalty and filial piety | [
"Samurai\n\n\"First of all, a samurai who dislikes battle and has not put his heart in the right place even though he has been born in the house of the warrior, should not be reckoned among one's retainers....It is forbidden to forget the great debt of kindness one owes to his master and ancestors and thereby make ... |
5728f41daf94a219006a9e4b | When was Kato Kiyomasa in power? | the Sengoku Era | [
"Samurai\n\nKatō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era. He commanded most of Japan's major clans during the invasion of Korea (1592–1598). In a handbook he addressed to \"all samurai, regardless of rank\" he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to \"...gr... |
5728f41daf94a219006a9e4c | When did Japan begin invading Korea? | 1592 | [
"Samurai\n\nKatō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era. He commanded most of Japan's major clans during the invasion of Korea (1592–1598). In a handbook he addressed to \"all samurai, regardless of rank\" he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to \"...gr... |
5728f41daf94a219006a9e4d | When did Japan finish invading Korea? | 1598 | [
"Samurai\n\nKatō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era. He commanded most of Japan's major clans during the invasion of Korea (1592–1598). In a handbook he addressed to \"all samurai, regardless of rank\" he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to \"...gr... |
5728f41daf94a219006a9e4e | What did Kato Kiyomasa think samurais' duty was? | to "...grasp the long and the short swords and to die" | [
"Samurai\n\nKatō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era. He commanded most of Japan's major clans during the invasion of Korea (1592–1598). In a handbook he addressed to \"all samurai, regardless of rank\" he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to \"...gr... |
5728f41daf94a219006a9e4f | What concept did Kato Kiyomasa think should be studied every day? | Bushido | [
"Samurai\n\nKatō Kiyomasa was one of the most powerful and well-known lords of the Sengoku Era. He commanded most of Japan's major clans during the invasion of Korea (1592–1598). In a handbook he addressed to \"all samurai, regardless of rank\" he told his followers that a warrior's only duty in life was to \"...gr... |
5728f45c6aef0514001548b0 | Who did Torii Mototada serve? | Tokugawa Ieyasu | [
"Samurai\n\nTorii Mototada (1539–1600) was a feudal lord in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu. On the eve of the battle of Sekigahara, he volunteered to remain behind in the doomed Fushimi Castle while his lord advanced to the east. Torii and Tokugawa both agreed that the castle was indefensible. In an act of loyalty ... |
5728f45c6aef0514001548b1 | When was Torii Mototada born? | 1539 | [
"Samurai\n\nTorii Mototada (1539–1600) was a feudal lord in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu. On the eve of the battle of Sekigahara, he volunteered to remain behind in the doomed Fushimi Castle while his lord advanced to the east. Torii and Tokugawa both agreed that the castle was indefensible. In an act of loyalty ... |
5728f45c6aef0514001548b2 | When did Torii Mototada die? | 1600 | [
"Samurai\n\nTorii Mototada (1539–1600) was a feudal lord in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu. On the eve of the battle of Sekigahara, he volunteered to remain behind in the doomed Fushimi Castle while his lord advanced to the east. Torii and Tokugawa both agreed that the castle was indefensible. In an act of loyalty ... |
5728f45c6aef0514001548b3 | How many people were in Ishida Mitsunari's army? | 40,000 | [
"Samurai\n\nTorii Mototada (1539–1600) was a feudal lord in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu. On the eve of the battle of Sekigahara, he volunteered to remain behind in the doomed Fushimi Castle while his lord advanced to the east. Torii and Tokugawa both agreed that the castle was indefensible. In an act of loyalty ... |
5728f45c6aef0514001548b4 | How many soldiers defended Torii's last stand? | 2,000 | [
"Samurai\n\nTorii Mototada (1539–1600) was a feudal lord in the service of Tokugawa Ieyasu. On the eve of the battle of Sekigahara, he volunteered to remain behind in the doomed Fushimi Castle while his lord advanced to the east. Torii and Tokugawa both agreed that the castle was indefensible. In an act of loyalty ... |
5728f4a76aef0514001548ba | Who was Takeda's rival? | Uesugi Kenshin | [
"Samurai\n\nThe rival of Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) was Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), a legendary Sengoku warlord well-versed in the Chinese military classics and who advocated the \"way of the warrior as death\". Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi's beliefs as: \"Those who are reluctant to gi... |
5728f4a76aef0514001548bb | What did Uesugi encourage? | the "way of the warrior as death" | [
"Samurai\n\nThe rival of Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) was Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), a legendary Sengoku warlord well-versed in the Chinese military classics and who advocated the \"way of the warrior as death\". Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi's beliefs as: \"Those who are reluctant to gi... |
5728f4a76aef0514001548bc | What was Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki's occupation? | Japanese historian | [
"Samurai\n\nThe rival of Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) was Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), a legendary Sengoku warlord well-versed in the Chinese military classics and who advocated the \"way of the warrior as death\". Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi's beliefs as: \"Those who are reluctant to gi... |
5728f4a76aef0514001548bd | When was Takeda born? | 1521 | [
"Samurai\n\nThe rival of Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) was Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), a legendary Sengoku warlord well-versed in the Chinese military classics and who advocated the \"way of the warrior as death\". Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi's beliefs as: \"Those who are reluctant to gi... |
5728f4a76aef0514001548be | When was Uesugi born? | 1530 | [
"Samurai\n\nThe rival of Takeda Shingen (1521–1573) was Uesugi Kenshin (1530–1578), a legendary Sengoku warlord well-versed in the Chinese military classics and who advocated the \"way of the warrior as death\". Japanese historian Daisetz Teitaro Suzuki describes Uesugi's beliefs as: \"Those who are reluctant to gi... |
5728f514af94a219006a9e5f | What religious order was St. Francis Xavier in? | Jesuit | [
"Samurai\n\nHistorian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): \"There is no nation in the world which fears death less.\" Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: \"I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about... |
5728f514af94a219006a9e60 | When was St. Francis Xavier born? | 1506 | [
"Samurai\n\nHistorian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): \"There is no nation in the world which fears death less.\" Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: \"I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about... |
5728f514af94a219006a9e61 | When did St. Francis Xavier die? | 1552 | [
"Samurai\n\nHistorian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): \"There is no nation in the world which fears death less.\" Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: \"I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about... |
5728f514af94a219006a9e62 | When did Xavier try to convert Japan to Christianity? | 1549–1551 | [
"Samurai\n\nHistorian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): \"There is no nation in the world which fears death less.\" Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: \"I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about... |
5728f514af94a219006a9e63 | Who were the Japanese regarded as braver than? | the people of China, Korea, Ternate and all of the other nations around the Philippines | [
"Samurai\n\nHistorian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): \"There is no nation in the world which fears death less.\" Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: \"I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about... |
5728f5716aef0514001548ca | Where was Malacca? | Malaysia | [
"Samurai\n\nIn December 1547, Francis was in Malacca (Malaysia) waiting to return to Goa (India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled \"Yajiro\"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decisio... |
5728f5716aef0514001548cb | Where was Goa? | India | [
"Samurai\n\nIn December 1547, Francis was in Malacca (Malaysia) waiting to return to Goa (India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled \"Yajiro\"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decisio... |
5728f5716aef0514001548cc | Who impressed Xavier by taking notes in church? | Anjiro | [
"Samurai\n\nIn December 1547, Francis was in Malacca (Malaysia) waiting to return to Goa (India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled \"Yajiro\"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decisio... |
5728f5716aef0514001548cd | In what language did Anjiro speak to Xavier? | Portuguese | [
"Samurai\n\nIn December 1547, Francis was in Malacca (Malaysia) waiting to return to Goa (India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled \"Yajiro\"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decisio... |
5728f5716aef0514001548ce | How did Anjiro think the Japanese would accept Christianity? | en masse | [
"Samurai\n\nIn December 1547, Francis was in Malacca (Malaysia) waiting to return to Goa (India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled \"Yajiro\"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decisio... |
5728f5e26aef0514001548d4 | Who wrote 'Ideals of the Samurai'? | William Scott Wilson | [
"Samurai\n\nIn his book \"Ideals of the Samurai\" translator William Scott Wilson states: \"The warriors in the Heike Monogatari served as models for the educated warriors of later generations, and the ideals depicted by them were not assumed to be beyond reach. Rather, these ideals were vigorously pursued in the u... |
5728f5e26aef0514001548d5 | Who were the models for future generations of samurai? | The warriors in the Heike Monogatari | [
"Samurai\n\nIn his book \"Ideals of the Samurai\" translator William Scott Wilson states: \"The warriors in the Heike Monogatari served as models for the educated warriors of later generations, and the ideals depicted by them were not assumed to be beyond reach. Rather, these ideals were vigorously pursued in the u... |
5728f5e26aef0514001548d6 | Where did Japanese warriors come to literary maturity? | the Heike Monogatari | [
"Samurai\n\nIn his book \"Ideals of the Samurai\" translator William Scott Wilson states: \"The warriors in the Heike Monogatari served as models for the educated warriors of later generations, and the ideals depicted by them were not assumed to be beyond reach. Rather, these ideals were vigorously pursued in the u... |
5728f64eaf94a219006a9e7b | Whose culture included tea ceremonies? | samurai | [
"Samurai\n\nAs aristocrats for centuries, samurai developed their own cultures that influenced Japanese culture as a whole. The culture associated with the samurai such as the tea ceremony, monochrome ink painting, rock gardens and poetry were adopted by warrior patrons throughout the centuries 1200–1600. These pra... |
5728f64eaf94a219006a9e7c | What kind of painting did samurai do? | monochrome ink | [
"Samurai\n\nAs aristocrats for centuries, samurai developed their own cultures that influenced Japanese culture as a whole. The culture associated with the samurai such as the tea ceremony, monochrome ink painting, rock gardens and poetry were adopted by warrior patrons throughout the centuries 1200–1600. These pra... |
5728f64eaf94a219006a9e7d | What was Japanese culture influenced by? | Chinese arts | [
"Samurai\n\nAs aristocrats for centuries, samurai developed their own cultures that influenced Japanese culture as a whole. The culture associated with the samurai such as the tea ceremony, monochrome ink painting, rock gardens and poetry were adopted by warrior patrons throughout the centuries 1200–1600. These pra... |
5728f64eaf94a219006a9e7e | Who brought Chinese arts to Japan? | Zen monks | [
"Samurai\n\nAs aristocrats for centuries, samurai developed their own cultures that influenced Japanese culture as a whole. The culture associated with the samurai such as the tea ceremony, monochrome ink painting, rock gardens and poetry were adopted by warrior patrons throughout the centuries 1200–1600. These pra... |
5728f64eaf94a219006a9e7f | When was Muso Soseki born? | 1275 | [
"Samurai\n\nAs aristocrats for centuries, samurai developed their own cultures that influenced Japanese culture as a whole. The culture associated with the samurai such as the tea ceremony, monochrome ink painting, rock gardens and poetry were adopted by warrior patrons throughout the centuries 1200–1600. These pra... |
5728f6bc6aef0514001548ec | What was Oda Nobunaga's full name? | Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga | [
"Samurai\n\nFor example, the full name of Oda Nobunaga would be \"Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga\" (織田上総介三郎信長), in which \"Oda\" is a clan or family name, \"Kazusanosuke\" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, \"Saburo\" is a formal nickname (yobina), and \"Nobunaga\" is an adult name (nanori) given at ... |
5728f6bc6aef0514001548ed | What did Oda mean? | a clan or family name | [
"Samurai\n\nFor example, the full name of Oda Nobunaga would be \"Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga\" (織田上総介三郎信長), in which \"Oda\" is a clan or family name, \"Kazusanosuke\" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, \"Saburo\" is a formal nickname (yobina), and \"Nobunaga\" is an adult name (nanori) given at ... |
5728f6bc6aef0514001548ee | What did Kazusanosuke mean? | a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province | [
"Samurai\n\nFor example, the full name of Oda Nobunaga would be \"Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga\" (織田上総介三郎信長), in which \"Oda\" is a clan or family name, \"Kazusanosuke\" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, \"Saburo\" is a formal nickname (yobina), and \"Nobunaga\" is an adult name (nanori) given at ... |
5728f6bc6aef0514001548ef | What did Saburo mean? | a formal nickname (yobina) | [
"Samurai\n\nFor example, the full name of Oda Nobunaga would be \"Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga\" (織田上総介三郎信長), in which \"Oda\" is a clan or family name, \"Kazusanosuke\" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, \"Saburo\" is a formal nickname (yobina), and \"Nobunaga\" is an adult name (nanori) given at ... |
5728f6bc6aef0514001548f0 | What did Nobunaga mean? | an adult name (nanori) given at genpuku, the coming of age ceremony | [
"Samurai\n\nFor example, the full name of Oda Nobunaga would be \"Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga\" (織田上総介三郎信長), in which \"Oda\" is a clan or family name, \"Kazusanosuke\" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, \"Saburo\" is a formal nickname (yobina), and \"Nobunaga\" is an adult name (nanori) given at ... |
5728f761af94a219006a9e85 | How did the samurai treat concubines? | akin to a marriage | [
"Samurai\n\nA samurai could take concubines but their backgrounds were checked by higher-ranked samurai. In many cases, taking a concubine was akin to a marriage. Kidnapping a concubine, although common in fiction, would have been shameful, if not criminal. If the concubine was a commoner, a messenger was sent with... |
5728f761af94a219006a9e86 | How did the samurai view kidnapping concubines? | shameful, if not criminal | [
"Samurai\n\nA samurai could take concubines but their backgrounds were checked by higher-ranked samurai. In many cases, taking a concubine was akin to a marriage. Kidnapping a concubine, although common in fiction, would have been shameful, if not criminal. If the concubine was a commoner, a messenger was sent with... |
5728f761af94a219006a9e87 | Who thought being a concubine was better than being a wife? | many wealthy merchants | [
"Samurai\n\nA samurai could take concubines but their backgrounds were checked by higher-ranked samurai. In many cases, taking a concubine was akin to a marriage. Kidnapping a concubine, although common in fiction, would have been shameful, if not criminal. If the concubine was a commoner, a messenger was sent with... |
5728f761af94a219006a9e88 | Why did merchants prefer that their daughters not marry samurai? | her family's money erased the samurai's debts | [
"Samurai\n\nA samurai could take concubines but their backgrounds were checked by higher-ranked samurai. In many cases, taking a concubine was akin to a marriage. Kidnapping a concubine, although common in fiction, would have been shameful, if not criminal. If the concubine was a commoner, a messenger was sent with... |
5728f761af94a219006a9e89 | What happened if a commoner concubine had a son? | the son could inherit his father's social status | [
"Samurai\n\nA samurai could take concubines but their backgrounds were checked by higher-ranked samurai. In many cases, taking a concubine was akin to a marriage. Kidnapping a concubine, although common in fiction, would have been shameful, if not criminal. If the concubine was a commoner, a messenger was sent with... |
5728f7df4b864d1900165138 | How common was divorce for samurai? | rare | [
"Samurai\n\nA samurai could divorce his wife for a variety of reasons with approval from a superior, but divorce was, while not entirely nonexistent, a rare event. A wife's failure to produce a son was cause for divorce, but adoption of a male heir was considered an acceptable alternative to divorce. A samurai coul... |
5728f7df4b864d1900165139 | What could samurai do instead of divorce if their wife couldn't produce a son? | adoption of a male heir | [
"Samurai\n\nA samurai could divorce his wife for a variety of reasons with approval from a superior, but divorce was, while not entirely nonexistent, a rare event. A wife's failure to produce a son was cause for divorce, but adoption of a male heir was considered an acceptable alternative to divorce. A samurai coul... |
5728f7df4b864d190016513a | Why did samurai avoid divorcing for reasons of dislike? | it would embarrass the person who had arranged the marriage | [
"Samurai\n\nA samurai could divorce his wife for a variety of reasons with approval from a superior, but divorce was, while not entirely nonexistent, a rare event. A wife's failure to produce a son was cause for divorce, but adoption of a male heir was considered an acceptable alternative to divorce. A samurai coul... |
5728f7df4b864d190016513b | What financial concern prevented divorce? | After a divorce samurai had to return the betrothal money | [
"Samurai\n\nA samurai could divorce his wife for a variety of reasons with approval from a superior, but divorce was, while not entirely nonexistent, a rare event. A wife's failure to produce a son was cause for divorce, but adoption of a male heir was considered an acceptable alternative to divorce. A samurai coul... |
5728f8484b864d1900165140 | What did samurai wives spend most of their time on? | Maintaining the household | [
"Samurai\n\nMaintaining the household was the main duty of samurai women. This was especially crucial during early feudal Japan, when warrior husbands were often traveling abroad or engaged in clan battles. The wife, or okugatasama (meaning: one who remains in the home), was left to manage all household affairs, ca... |
5728f8484b864d1900165141 | What did okugatasama mean? | one who remains in the home | [
"Samurai\n\nMaintaining the household was the main duty of samurai women. This was especially crucial during early feudal Japan, when warrior husbands were often traveling abroad or engaged in clan battles. The wife, or okugatasama (meaning: one who remains in the home), was left to manage all household affairs, ca... |
5728f8484b864d1900165142 | What did samurai wives' duties include when their husbands were away? | manage all household affairs, care for the children, and perhaps even defend the home forcibly | [
"Samurai\n\nMaintaining the household was the main duty of samurai women. This was especially crucial during early feudal Japan, when warrior husbands were often traveling abroad or engaged in clan battles. The wife, or okugatasama (meaning: one who remains in the home), was left to manage all household affairs, ca... |
5728f8484b864d1900165143 | What was a naginata? | a polearm | [
"Samurai\n\nMaintaining the household was the main duty of samurai women. This was especially crucial during early feudal Japan, when warrior husbands were often traveling abroad or engaged in clan battles. The wife, or okugatasama (meaning: one who remains in the home), was left to manage all household affairs, ca... |
5728f8484b864d1900165144 | What was tantojutsu? | the skill of the knife | [
"Samurai\n\nMaintaining the household was the main duty of samurai women. This was especially crucial during early feudal Japan, when warrior husbands were often traveling abroad or engaged in clan battles. The wife, or okugatasama (meaning: one who remains in the home), was left to manage all household affairs, ca... |
5728f95d6aef051400154908 | What characteristics did samurais want their wives to have? | humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty | [
"Samurai\n\nTraits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants, too), and caring for elderly parents or... |
5728f95d6aef051400154909 | Who did samurai wives have to teach? | the children (and perhaps servants, too) | [
"Samurai\n\nTraits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants, too), and caring for elderly parents or... |
5728f95d6aef05140015490a | Who did samurai wives have to take care of? | elderly parents or in-laws that may be living under her roof | [
"Samurai\n\nTraits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants, too), and caring for elderly parents or... |
5728f95d6aef05140015490b | Who was a woman supposed to be subservient to? | her husband | [
"Samurai\n\nTraits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants, too), and caring for elderly parents or... |
5728f95d6aef05140015490c | What defined the samurais' code? | Confucian law | [
"Samurai\n\nTraits valued in women of the samurai class were humility, obedience, self-control, strength, and loyalty. Ideally, a samurai wife would be skilled at managing property, keeping records, dealing with financial matters, educating the children (and perhaps servants, too), and caring for elderly parents or... |
5728f9abaf94a219006a9e8f | Who was Ashikaga Yoshimasa? | 8th shogun of the Muromachi shogunate | [
"Samurai\n\nThis does not mean that samurai women were always powerless. Powerful women both wisely and unwisely wielded power at various occasions. After Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 8th shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, lost interest in politics, his wife Hino Tomiko largely ruled in his place. Nene, wife of Toyotomi Hid... |
5728f9abaf94a219006a9e90 | Who was Ashikaga Yoshimasa's wife? | Hino Tomiko | [
"Samurai\n\nThis does not mean that samurai women were always powerless. Powerful women both wisely and unwisely wielded power at various occasions. After Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 8th shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, lost interest in politics, his wife Hino Tomiko largely ruled in his place. Nene, wife of Toyotomi Hid... |
5728f9abaf94a219006a9e91 | Why did Ashikaga let his wife take over? | lost interest in politics | [
"Samurai\n\nThis does not mean that samurai women were always powerless. Powerful women both wisely and unwisely wielded power at various occasions. After Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 8th shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, lost interest in politics, his wife Hino Tomiko largely ruled in his place. Nene, wife of Toyotomi Hid... |
5728f9abaf94a219006a9e92 | Who was Nene? | wife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi | [
"Samurai\n\nThis does not mean that samurai women were always powerless. Powerful women both wisely and unwisely wielded power at various occasions. After Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 8th shogun of the Muromachi shogunate, lost interest in politics, his wife Hino Tomiko largely ruled in his place. Nene, wife of Toyotomi Hid... |
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