id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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572b80e034ae481900deae4e | What type of agent is zync useful as against prostate cancer? | chemotherapeutic | [
"Zinc\n\nAlthough not yet tested as a therapy in humans, a growing body of evidence indicates that zinc may preferentially kill prostate cancer cells. Because zinc naturally homes to the prostate and because the prostate is accessible with relatively non-invasive procedures, its potential as a chemotherapeutic agen... |
572b80e034ae481900deae4f | What could overuse of zinc possibly cause? | prostate cancer | [
"Zinc\n\nAlthough not yet tested as a therapy in humans, a growing body of evidence indicates that zinc may preferentially kill prostate cancer cells. Because zinc naturally homes to the prostate and because the prostate is accessible with relatively non-invasive procedures, its potential as a chemotherapeutic agen... |
572b80e034ae481900deae50 | Where does zinc naturally buildup in the body? | prostate. | [
"Zinc\n\nAlthough not yet tested as a therapy in humans, a growing body of evidence indicates that zinc may preferentially kill prostate cancer cells. Because zinc naturally homes to the prostate and because the prostate is accessible with relatively non-invasive procedures, its potential as a chemotherapeutic agen... |
572b81bc34ae481900deae55 | What does organozinc chemisty describe? | physical properties, synthesis and reactions. | [
"Zinc\n\nThere are many important organozinc compounds. Organozinc chemistry is the science of organozinc compounds describing their physical properties, synthesis and reactions. Among important applications is the Frankland-Duppa Reaction in which an oxalate ester(ROCOCOOR) reacts with an alkyl halide R'X, zinc an... |
572b81bc34ae481900deae56 | What is the zinc equivalent of the Grinard reaction? | The Barbier reaction | [
"Zinc\n\nThere are many important organozinc compounds. Organozinc chemistry is the science of organozinc compounds describing their physical properties, synthesis and reactions. Among important applications is the Frankland-Duppa Reaction in which an oxalate ester(ROCOCOOR) reacts with an alkyl halide R'X, zinc an... |
572b81bc34ae481900deae57 | When will organomagnesium halide formation fail? | presence of just about any water | [
"Zinc\n\nThere are many important organozinc compounds. Organozinc chemistry is the science of organozinc compounds describing their physical properties, synthesis and reactions. Among important applications is the Frankland-Duppa Reaction in which an oxalate ester(ROCOCOOR) reacts with an alkyl halide R'X, zinc an... |
572b81bc34ae481900deae58 | What are dimethylzinc, dietylzinc and diphenylzinc? | Commercially available diorganozinc compounds | [
"Zinc\n\nThere are many important organozinc compounds. Organozinc chemistry is the science of organozinc compounds describing their physical properties, synthesis and reactions. Among important applications is the Frankland-Duppa Reaction in which an oxalate ester(ROCOCOOR) reacts with an alkyl halide R'X, zinc an... |
572b8267111d821400f38eba | What role does zinc play in fingers, twists and clusters? | structural | [
"Zinc\n\nZinc serves a purely structural role in zinc fingers, twists and clusters. Zinc fingers form parts of some transcription factors, which are proteins that recognize DNA base sequences during the replication and transcription of DNA. Each of the nine or ten Zn2+ ions in a zinc finger helps maintain the finge... |
572b8267111d821400f38ebb | What are proteins that druing replication and transcription of DNA, recognize base DNA? | transcription factors, | [
"Zinc\n\nZinc serves a purely structural role in zinc fingers, twists and clusters. Zinc fingers form parts of some transcription factors, which are proteins that recognize DNA base sequences during the replication and transcription of DNA. Each of the nine or ten Zn2+ ions in a zinc finger helps maintain the finge... |
572b8267111d821400f38ebc | How many amino acids do the Zn2+ ions bind to? | four | [
"Zinc\n\nZinc serves a purely structural role in zinc fingers, twists and clusters. Zinc fingers form parts of some transcription factors, which are proteins that recognize DNA base sequences during the replication and transcription of DNA. Each of the nine or ten Zn2+ ions in a zinc finger helps maintain the finge... |
572b8267111d821400f38ebd | What does the transcription factor wrap around? | DNA helix | [
"Zinc\n\nZinc serves a purely structural role in zinc fingers, twists and clusters. Zinc fingers form parts of some transcription factors, which are proteins that recognize DNA base sequences during the replication and transcription of DNA. Each of the nine or ten Zn2+ ions in a zinc finger helps maintain the finge... |
572b8309f75d5e190021fe18 | What is the most common supplement in the US? | zinc oxide | [
"Zinc\n\nOther sources include fortified food and dietary supplements, which come in various forms. A 1998 review concluded that zinc oxide, one of the most common supplements in the United States, and zinc carbonate are nearly insoluble and poorly absorbed in the body. This review cited studies which found low pla... |
572b8309f75d5e190021fe19 | Why is zinc carbonate poorly absorbed in the body? | nearly insoluble | [
"Zinc\n\nOther sources include fortified food and dietary supplements, which come in various forms. A 1998 review concluded that zinc oxide, one of the most common supplements in the United States, and zinc carbonate are nearly insoluble and poorly absorbed in the body. This review cited studies which found low pla... |
572b8309f75d5e190021fe1a | What is the recommended daily dose of zinc supplement in healthy adults? | 20 mg/day | [
"Zinc\n\nOther sources include fortified food and dietary supplements, which come in various forms. A 1998 review concluded that zinc oxide, one of the most common supplements in the United States, and zinc carbonate are nearly insoluble and poorly absorbed in the body. This review cited studies which found low pla... |
572b8309f75d5e190021fe1b | What is the Tolderable Upper intake of zinc? | 40 mg/day | [
"Zinc\n\nOther sources include fortified food and dietary supplements, which come in various forms. A 1998 review concluded that zinc oxide, one of the most common supplements in the United States, and zinc carbonate are nearly insoluble and poorly absorbed in the body. This review cited studies which found low pla... |
572b83d2111d821400f38ec2 | Zinc oxide is used to fortify what product? | cereals | [
"Zinc\n\nFor fortification, however, a 2003 review recommended zinc oxide in cereals as cheap, stable, and as easily absorbed as more expensive forms. A 2005 study found that various compounds of zinc, including oxide and sulfate, did not show statistically significant differences in absorption when added as fortif... |
572b83d2111d821400f38ec3 | In what product did various compounds of zinc show little difference in absorption? | maize tortillas | [
"Zinc\n\nFor fortification, however, a 2003 review recommended zinc oxide in cereals as cheap, stable, and as easily absorbed as more expensive forms. A 2005 study found that various compounds of zinc, including oxide and sulfate, did not show statistically significant differences in absorption when added as fortif... |
572b83d2111d821400f38ec4 | What compound is better absorbed than zinc gluconate? | zinc picolinate | [
"Zinc\n\nFor fortification, however, a 2003 review recommended zinc oxide in cereals as cheap, stable, and as easily absorbed as more expensive forms. A 2005 study found that various compounds of zinc, including oxide and sulfate, did not show statistically significant differences in absorption when added as fortif... |
572b83d2111d821400f38ec5 | What is the best absorbed dietary zinc compound? | zinc glycinate | [
"Zinc\n\nFor fortification, however, a 2003 review recommended zinc oxide in cereals as cheap, stable, and as easily absorbed as more expensive forms. A 2005 study found that various compounds of zinc, including oxide and sulfate, did not show statistically significant differences in absorption when added as fortif... |
572b84ba34ae481900deae5d | Symptoms ranging from diarrhea to eye lesions are from what? | mild zinc deficiency | [
"Zinc\n\nSymptoms of mild zinc deficiency are diverse. Clinical outcomes include depressed growth, diarrhea, impotence and delayed sexual maturation, alopecia, eye and skin lesions, impaired appetite, altered cognition, impaired host defense properties, defects in carbohydrate utilization, and reproductive teratoge... |
572b84ba34ae481900deae5e | What is a symptom of both zinc deficiency and excess? | depresses immunity | [
"Zinc\n\nSymptoms of mild zinc deficiency are diverse. Clinical outcomes include depressed growth, diarrhea, impotence and delayed sexual maturation, alopecia, eye and skin lesions, impaired appetite, altered cognition, impaired host defense properties, defects in carbohydrate utilization, and reproductive teratoge... |
572b84ba34ae481900deae5f | What is required for animals with zinc deficiency to gain the same weight as animals with sufficient zinc? | twice as much food | [
"Zinc\n\nSymptoms of mild zinc deficiency are diverse. Clinical outcomes include depressed growth, diarrhea, impotence and delayed sexual maturation, alopecia, eye and skin lesions, impaired appetite, altered cognition, impaired host defense properties, defects in carbohydrate utilization, and reproductive teratoge... |
572b85aef75d5e190021fe20 | What is one way that vegetarians and vegans obtain zinc? | plant sources | [
"Zinc\n\nDespite some concerns, western vegetarians and vegans have not been found to suffer from overt zinc deficiencies any more than meat-eaters. Major plant sources of zinc include cooked dried beans, sea vegetables, fortified cereals, soyfoods, nuts, peas, and seeds. However, phytates in many whole-grains and ... |
572b85aef75d5e190021fe21 | What is found in whole grains that can interfere with zinc absorption? | phytates | [
"Zinc\n\nDespite some concerns, western vegetarians and vegans have not been found to suffer from overt zinc deficiencies any more than meat-eaters. Major plant sources of zinc include cooked dried beans, sea vegetables, fortified cereals, soyfoods, nuts, peas, and seeds. However, phytates in many whole-grains and ... |
572b85aef75d5e190021fe22 | Where is zinc chelator phytate found? | seeds and cereal bran, | [
"Zinc\n\nDespite some concerns, western vegetarians and vegans have not been found to suffer from overt zinc deficiencies any more than meat-eaters. Major plant sources of zinc include cooked dried beans, sea vegetables, fortified cereals, soyfoods, nuts, peas, and seeds. However, phytates in many whole-grains and ... |
572b85aef75d5e190021fe23 | What kind of diet may require more than 15mg of zinc daily? | diet is high in phytates, | [
"Zinc\n\nDespite some concerns, western vegetarians and vegans have not been found to suffer from overt zinc deficiencies any more than meat-eaters. Major plant sources of zinc include cooked dried beans, sea vegetables, fortified cereals, soyfoods, nuts, peas, and seeds. However, phytates in many whole-grains and ... |
572b8667111d821400f38ed2 | What are two billion people in the world deficient in? | zinc | [
"Zinc\n\nNearly two billion people in the developing world are deficient in zinc. In children it causes an increase in infection and diarrhea, contributing to the death of about 800,000 children worldwide per year. The World Health Organization advocates zinc supplementation for severe malnutrition and diarrhea. Zi... |
572b8667111d821400f38ed3 | 800,000 children worldwide die each year due to what? | deficient in zinc | [
"Zinc\n\nNearly two billion people in the developing world are deficient in zinc. In children it causes an increase in infection and diarrhea, contributing to the death of about 800,000 children worldwide per year. The World Health Organization advocates zinc supplementation for severe malnutrition and diarrhea. Zi... |
572b8667111d821400f38ed4 | What is recommended by the WHO for malnutrition and diarrhea? | zinc supplementation | [
"Zinc\n\nNearly two billion people in the developing world are deficient in zinc. In children it causes an increase in infection and diarrhea, contributing to the death of about 800,000 children worldwide per year. The World Health Organization advocates zinc supplementation for severe malnutrition and diarrhea. Zi... |
572b8667111d821400f38ed5 | Why shouldn't zinc be given alone to those with several deficiencies? | zinc interacts with other micronutrients. | [
"Zinc\n\nNearly two billion people in the developing world are deficient in zinc. In children it causes an increase in infection and diarrhea, contributing to the death of about 800,000 children worldwide per year. The World Health Organization advocates zinc supplementation for severe malnutrition and diarrhea. Zi... |
572b872c34ae481900deae69 | In what type of soil is zinc deficiency most common? | high-pH soils | [
"Zinc\n\nZinc deficiency is crop plants' most common micronutrient deficiency; it is particularly common in high-pH soils. Zinc-deficient soil is cultivated in the cropland of about half of Turkey and India, a third of China, and most of Western Australia, and substantial responses to zinc fertilization have been r... |
572b872c34ae481900deae6a | Growing plants in zinc deficient soil makes them more susceptible to what? | disease. | [
"Zinc\n\nZinc deficiency is crop plants' most common micronutrient deficiency; it is particularly common in high-pH soils. Zinc-deficient soil is cultivated in the cropland of about half of Turkey and India, a third of China, and most of Western Australia, and substantial responses to zinc fertilization have been r... |
572b872c34ae481900deae6b | Excess zinc has what effect on plants? | toxic | [
"Zinc\n\nZinc deficiency is crop plants' most common micronutrient deficiency; it is particularly common in high-pH soils. Zinc-deficient soil is cultivated in the cropland of about half of Turkey and India, a third of China, and most of Western Australia, and substantial responses to zinc fertilization have been r... |
572b872c34ae481900deae6c | How is zinc primarily added to soil? | weathering of rocks | [
"Zinc\n\nZinc deficiency is crop plants' most common micronutrient deficiency; it is particularly common in high-pH soils. Zinc-deficient soil is cultivated in the cropland of about half of Turkey and India, a third of China, and most of Western Australia, and substantial responses to zinc fertilization have been r... |
572b8803be1ee31400cb8405 | What kind of deficiency is common from taking 100-300mg of zinc daily? | copper | [
"Zinc\n\nThere is evidence of induced copper deficiency in those taking 100–300 mg of zinc daily. A 2007 trial observed that elderly men taking 80 mg daily were hospitalized for urinary complications more often than those taking a placebo. The USDA RDA is 11 and 8 mg Zn/day for men and women, respectively. Levels o... |
572b8803be1ee31400cb8406 | What kind of complications were seen in men taking 80mg zinc a day? | urinary | [
"Zinc\n\nThere is evidence of induced copper deficiency in those taking 100–300 mg of zinc daily. A 2007 trial observed that elderly men taking 80 mg daily were hospitalized for urinary complications more often than those taking a placebo. The USDA RDA is 11 and 8 mg Zn/day for men and women, respectively. Levels o... |
572b8803be1ee31400cb8407 | Having an excess of 500ppm of zinc in soil interferes with what? | ability of plants to absorb other essential metals | [
"Zinc\n\nThere is evidence of induced copper deficiency in those taking 100–300 mg of zinc daily. A 2007 trial observed that elderly men taking 80 mg daily were hospitalized for urinary complications more often than those taking a placebo. The USDA RDA is 11 and 8 mg Zn/day for men and women, respectively. Levels o... |
572b8803be1ee31400cb8408 | What is caused by inhaling freshly formed zinc oxide? | zinc shakes or "zinc chills" | [
"Zinc\n\nThere is evidence of induced copper deficiency in those taking 100–300 mg of zinc daily. A 2007 trial observed that elderly men taking 80 mg daily were hospitalized for urinary complications more often than those taking a placebo. The USDA RDA is 11 and 8 mg Zn/day for men and women, respectively. Levels o... |
572b8803be1ee31400cb8409 | People have claimed that the excessive use of what common product has caused disability and death? | denture cream | [
"Zinc\n\nThere is evidence of induced copper deficiency in those taking 100–300 mg of zinc daily. A 2007 trial observed that elderly men taking 80 mg daily were hospitalized for urinary complications more often than those taking a placebo. The USDA RDA is 11 and 8 mg Zn/day for men and women, respectively. Levels o... |
572b88b934ae481900deae7b | What can zinc cause damage to in the nose? | nerve receptors | [
"Zinc\n\nThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stated that zinc damages nerve receptors in the nose, which can cause anosmia. Reports of anosmia were also observed in the 1930s when zinc preparations were used in a failed attempt to prevent polio infections. On June 16, 2009, the FDA said that consumers s... |
572b88b934ae481900deae7c | Why was zinc being used in the 1930's? | polio infections | [
"Zinc\n\nThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stated that zinc damages nerve receptors in the nose, which can cause anosmia. Reports of anosmia were also observed in the 1930s when zinc preparations were used in a failed attempt to prevent polio infections. On June 16, 2009, the FDA said that consumers s... |
572b88b934ae481900deae7d | What did the FDA order removed from stores in 2009? | zinc-based intranasal cold products | [
"Zinc\n\nThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stated that zinc damages nerve receptors in the nose, which can cause anosmia. Reports of anosmia were also observed in the 1930s when zinc preparations were used in a failed attempt to prevent polio infections. On June 16, 2009, the FDA said that consumers s... |
572b88b934ae481900deae7e | What product is suggest as a potent heat shock response inducer? | antimicrobial zinc pyrithione | [
"Zinc\n\nThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has stated that zinc damages nerve receptors in the nose, which can cause anosmia. Reports of anosmia were also observed in the 1930s when zinc preparations were used in a failed attempt to prevent polio infections. On June 16, 2009, the FDA said that consumers s... |
572b8993f75d5e190021fe42 | What coin, as of 1982, is now primarily made of zinc? | pennies | [
"Zinc\n\nIn 1982, the US Mint began minting pennies coated in copper but made primarily of zinc. With the new zinc pennies, there is the potential for zinc toxicosis, which can be fatal. One reported case of chronic ingestion of 425 pennies (over 1 kg of zinc) resulted in death due to gastrointestinal bacterial and... |
572b8993f75d5e190021fe43 | What is a concern with the new zinc pennies? | zinc toxicosis | [
"Zinc\n\nIn 1982, the US Mint began minting pennies coated in copper but made primarily of zinc. With the new zinc pennies, there is the potential for zinc toxicosis, which can be fatal. One reported case of chronic ingestion of 425 pennies (over 1 kg of zinc) resulted in death due to gastrointestinal bacterial and... |
572b8993f75d5e190021fe44 | Ingesting zinc can cause lack of muscle movement and coordination called what? | ataxia | [
"Zinc\n\nIn 1982, the US Mint began minting pennies coated in copper but made primarily of zinc. With the new zinc pennies, there is the potential for zinc toxicosis, which can be fatal. One reported case of chronic ingestion of 425 pennies (over 1 kg of zinc) resulted in death due to gastrointestinal bacterial and... |
572b8993f75d5e190021fe45 | Why have people reported zinc intoxication? | ingestion of zinc coins | [
"Zinc\n\nIn 1982, the US Mint began minting pennies coated in copper but made primarily of zinc. With the new zinc pennies, there is the potential for zinc toxicosis, which can be fatal. One reported case of chronic ingestion of 425 pennies (over 1 kg of zinc) resulted in death due to gastrointestinal bacterial and... |
572b8a60be1ee31400cb8423 | What are dogs known to ingest? | Pennies | [
"Zinc\n\nPennies and other small coins are sometimes ingested by dogs, resulting in the need for medical treatment to remove the foreign body. The zinc content of some coins can cause zinc toxicity, which is commonly fatal in dogs, where it causes a severe hemolytic anemia, and also liver or kidney damage; vomiting... |
572b8a60be1ee31400cb8424 | What does the zinc coins ingested by dogs cause? | zinc toxicity | [
"Zinc\n\nPennies and other small coins are sometimes ingested by dogs, resulting in the need for medical treatment to remove the foreign body. The zinc content of some coins can cause zinc toxicity, which is commonly fatal in dogs, where it causes a severe hemolytic anemia, and also liver or kidney damage; vomiting... |
572b8a60be1ee31400cb8425 | In what animal is zinc toxic to the point of poisonous? | parrots | [
"Zinc\n\nPennies and other small coins are sometimes ingested by dogs, resulting in the need for medical treatment to remove the foreign body. The zinc content of some coins can cause zinc toxicity, which is commonly fatal in dogs, where it causes a severe hemolytic anemia, and also liver or kidney damage; vomiting... |
572b8a60be1ee31400cb8426 | What has been a cause of mass parrot poisonings attributed to zinc? | juices stored in galvanized cans | [
"Zinc\n\nPennies and other small coins are sometimes ingested by dogs, resulting in the need for medical treatment to remove the foreign body. The zinc content of some coins can cause zinc toxicity, which is commonly fatal in dogs, where it causes a severe hemolytic anemia, and also liver or kidney damage; vomiting... |
572971fd1d0469140077947b | Who influenced many 19th century neoclassical architects? | Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude Nicolas Ledoux | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nMany early 19th-century neoclassical architects were influenced by the drawings and projects of Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude Nicolas Ledoux. The many graphite drawings of Boullée and his students depict spare geometrical architecture that emulates the eternality of the universe. Th... |
572971fd1d0469140077947c | What do geometric architecture emulate of the universe? | eternality | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nMany early 19th-century neoclassical architects were influenced by the drawings and projects of Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude Nicolas Ledoux. The many graphite drawings of Boullée and his students depict spare geometrical architecture that emulates the eternality of the universe. Th... |
572971fd1d0469140077947d | What Edmund Burke concept is linked to Boullee's ideas? | sublime | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nMany early 19th-century neoclassical architects were influenced by the drawings and projects of Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude Nicolas Ledoux. The many graphite drawings of Boullée and his students depict spare geometrical architecture that emulates the eternality of the universe. Th... |
572971fd1d0469140077947e | What concept did Ledoux address? | architectural character | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nMany early 19th-century neoclassical architects were influenced by the drawings and projects of Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude Nicolas Ledoux. The many graphite drawings of Boullée and his students depict spare geometrical architecture that emulates the eternality of the universe. Th... |
572971fd1d0469140077947f | As a concept of neoclassical architecture, what should be immediately communicated to viewer? | building should immediately communicate its function | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nMany early 19th-century neoclassical architects were influenced by the drawings and projects of Étienne-Louis Boullée and Claude Nicolas Ledoux. The many graphite drawings of Boullée and his students depict spare geometrical architecture that emulates the eternality of the universe. Th... |
572975523f37b3190047841f | What century were most four influential books published? | 18th century | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nThe baroque style had never truly been to the English taste. Four influential books were published in the first quarter of the 18th century which highlighted the simplicity and purity of classical architecture: Vitruvius Britannicus (Colen Campbell 1715), Palladio's Four Books of Archi... |
572975523f37b31900478420 | Who wrote Vitruvius Britannicus? | Colen Campbell | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nThe baroque style had never truly been to the English taste. Four influential books were published in the first quarter of the 18th century which highlighted the simplicity and purity of classical architecture: Vitruvius Britannicus (Colen Campbell 1715), Palladio's Four Books of Archi... |
572975523f37b31900478421 | In what century did Palladian architecture become well established? | 18th-century | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nThe baroque style had never truly been to the English taste. Four influential books were published in the first quarter of the 18th century which highlighted the simplicity and purity of classical architecture: Vitruvius Britannicus (Colen Campbell 1715), Palladio's Four Books of Archi... |
572975523f37b31900478422 | When was "The Designs of Inigo Jones" book published? | 1727 | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nThe baroque style had never truly been to the English taste. Four influential books were published in the first quarter of the 18th century which highlighted the simplicity and purity of classical architecture: Vitruvius Britannicus (Colen Campbell 1715), Palladio's Four Books of Archi... |
572976811d046914007794b9 | Who was the "architect earl"? | Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nAt the forefront of the new school of design was the aristocratic \"architect earl\", Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington; in 1729, he and William Kent, designed Chiswick House. This House was a reinterpretation of Palladio's Villa Capra, but purified of 16th century elements and orn... |
572976811d046914007794ba | When was Chiswick House designed? | 1729 | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nAt the forefront of the new school of design was the aristocratic \"architect earl\", Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington; in 1729, he and William Kent, designed Chiswick House. This House was a reinterpretation of Palladio's Villa Capra, but purified of 16th century elements and orn... |
572976811d046914007794bb | What was the original building that Chiswick House design was reinterpretation? | Palladio's Villa Capra | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nAt the forefront of the new school of design was the aristocratic \"architect earl\", Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington; in 1729, he and William Kent, designed Chiswick House. This House was a reinterpretation of Palladio's Villa Capra, but purified of 16th century elements and orn... |
572976811d046914007794bc | What is 1734 design is considered one of the finest example of Palladian architecture in England, built in Norfolk? | Holkham Hall | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nAt the forefront of the new school of design was the aristocratic \"architect earl\", Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington; in 1729, he and William Kent, designed Chiswick House. This House was a reinterpretation of Palladio's Villa Capra, but purified of 16th century elements and orn... |
57297a3baf94a219006aa4bf | What additional influences were incorporated into neoclassical architecture by mid 18th century? | Ancient Greece | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nBy the mid 18th century, the movement broadened to incorporate a greater range of Classical influences, including those from Ancient Greece. The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s. It first gained influence in England and France; in England, Sir Wil... |
57297a3baf94a219006aa4c0 | What englishman excavated pompeii? | Sir William Hamilton | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nBy the mid 18th century, the movement broadened to incorporate a greater range of Classical influences, including those from Ancient Greece. The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s. It first gained influence in England and France; in England, Sir Wil... |
57297a3baf94a219006aa4c1 | In what city did a generation of French art students study that propelled neoclassical architecture and incorporation broader styles? | Rome | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nBy the mid 18th century, the movement broadened to incorporate a greater range of Classical influences, including those from Ancient Greece. The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s. It first gained influence in England and France; in England, Sir Wil... |
57297a3baf94a219006aa4c2 | What other countries adopted the style of neoclassical? | Sweden and Russia. | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nBy the mid 18th century, the movement broadened to incorporate a greater range of Classical influences, including those from Ancient Greece. The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s. It first gained influence in England and France; in England, Sir Wil... |
57297bb01d046914007794dd | When was the second wave of neoclassical architecture? | Napoleonic Empire | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nA second neoclassic wave, more severe, more studied and more consciously archaeological, is associated with the height of the Napoleonic Empire. In France, the first phase of neoclassicism was expressed in the \"Louis XVI style\", and the second in the styles called \"Directoire\" or E... |
57297bb01d046914007794de | What term is used to express the first wave of neoclassicism in France? | Louis XVI style | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nA second neoclassic wave, more severe, more studied and more consciously archaeological, is associated with the height of the Napoleonic Empire. In France, the first phase of neoclassicism was expressed in the \"Louis XVI style\", and the second in the styles called \"Directoire\" or E... |
57297bb01d046914007794df | What is the second wave of neoclassicism in France called? | "Directoire" or Empire | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nA second neoclassic wave, more severe, more studied and more consciously archaeological, is associated with the height of the Napoleonic Empire. In France, the first phase of neoclassicism was expressed in the \"Louis XVI style\", and the second in the styles called \"Directoire\" or E... |
57297bb01d046914007794e0 | Up until Napoleaoic regimes, what style remained popular in Italy? | The Rococo style | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nA second neoclassic wave, more severe, more studied and more consciously archaeological, is associated with the height of the Napoleonic Empire. In France, the first phase of neoclassicism was expressed in the \"Louis XVI style\", and the second in the styles called \"Directoire\" or E... |
572981b3af94a219006aa4db | What rediscoveries inspired interior designs of neoclassicism? | Pompeii and Herculaneum. | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nIndoors, neoclassicism made a discovery of the genuine classic interior, inspired by the rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum. These had begun in the late 1740s, but only achieved a wide audience in the 1760s, with the first luxurious volumes of tightly controlled distribution of L... |
572981b3af94a219006aa4dc | What tightly controlled book brought appeal for classic interior to masses? | Le Antichità di Ercolano (The Antiquities of Herculaneum). | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nIndoors, neoclassicism made a discovery of the genuine classic interior, inspired by the rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum. These had begun in the late 1740s, but only achieved a wide audience in the 1760s, with the first luxurious volumes of tightly controlled distribution of L... |
572981b3af94a219006aa4dd | What are some examples of the changes of interior of neoclassicism from ancient rediscoveries? | pedimented window frames turned into gilded mirrors, fireplaces topped with temple fronts | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nIndoors, neoclassicism made a discovery of the genuine classic interior, inspired by the rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum. These had begun in the late 1740s, but only achieved a wide audience in the 1760s, with the first luxurious volumes of tightly controlled distribution of L... |
572981b3af94a219006aa4de | What were William Kent's interior designs based from? | basilica and temple exterior architecture turned outside in | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nIndoors, neoclassicism made a discovery of the genuine classic interior, inspired by the rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum. These had begun in the late 1740s, but only achieved a wide audience in the 1760s, with the first luxurious volumes of tightly controlled distribution of L... |
572983b13f37b31900478469 | What were interiors seeking to recreate? | authentically Roman | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nThe new interiors sought to recreate an authentically Roman and genuinely interior vocabulary. Techniques employed in the style included flatter, lighter motifs, sculpted in low frieze-like relief or painted in monotones en camaïeu (\"like cameos\"), isolated medallions or vases or bus... |
572983b13f37b3190047846a | What colors were utilized for interiors? | "Pompeiian red" or pale tints, or stone colours | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nThe new interiors sought to recreate an authentically Roman and genuinely interior vocabulary. Techniques employed in the style included flatter, lighter motifs, sculpted in low frieze-like relief or painted in monotones en camaïeu (\"like cameos\"), isolated medallions or vases or bus... |
572983b13f37b3190047846b | Who brought Louis XVI style to the court? | Marie Antoinette | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nThe new interiors sought to recreate an authentically Roman and genuinely interior vocabulary. Techniques employed in the style included flatter, lighter motifs, sculpted in low frieze-like relief or painted in monotones en camaïeu (\"like cameos\"), isolated medallions or vases or bus... |
572983b13f37b3190047846c | What types of techniques were used to style motifs? | flatter, lighter motifs, sculpted in low frieze-like relief or painted in monotones | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nThe new interiors sought to recreate an authentically Roman and genuinely interior vocabulary. Techniques employed in the style included flatter, lighter motifs, sculpted in low frieze-like relief or painted in monotones en camaïeu (\"like cameos\"), isolated medallions or vases or bus... |
572983b13f37b3190047846d | What were styles in France initially? | Parisian | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nThe new interiors sought to recreate an authentically Roman and genuinely interior vocabulary. Techniques employed in the style included flatter, lighter motifs, sculpted in low frieze-like relief or painted in monotones en camaïeu (\"like cameos\"), isolated medallions or vases or bus... |
57298558af94a219006aa4e3 | Who began the new phase of neoclassical design? | Robert and James Adam | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nA new phase in neoclassical design was inaugurated by Robert and James Adam, who travelled in Italy and Dalmatia in the 1750s, observing the ruins of the classical world. On their return to Britain, they published a book entitled The Works in Architecture in installments between 1773 a... |
57298558af94a219006aa4e4 | Where were the inspirations for the new phase of neoclassicism centered? | Italy and Dalmatia | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nA new phase in neoclassical design was inaugurated by Robert and James Adam, who travelled in Italy and Dalmatia in the 1750s, observing the ruins of the classical world. On their return to Britain, they published a book entitled The Works in Architecture in installments between 1773 a... |
57298558af94a219006aa4e5 | What book outlines the new trends of neoclassicism in this phase? | The Works in Architecture | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nA new phase in neoclassical design was inaugurated by Robert and James Adam, who travelled in Italy and Dalmatia in the 1750s, observing the ruins of the classical world. On their return to Britain, they published a book entitled The Works in Architecture in installments between 1773 a... |
57298558af94a219006aa4e6 | During the later 18th century the trend of neoclassic design attempted to simplify what styles? | rococo and baroque styles | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nA new phase in neoclassical design was inaugurated by Robert and James Adam, who travelled in Italy and Dalmatia in the 1750s, observing the ruins of the classical world. On their return to Britain, they published a book entitled The Works in Architecture in installments between 1773 a... |
57298558af94a219006aa4e7 | This new style was an attempt to give what different feel to design? | lighter and more elegant feel | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nA new phase in neoclassical design was inaugurated by Robert and James Adam, who travelled in Italy and Dalmatia in the 1750s, observing the ruins of the classical world. On their return to Britain, they published a book entitled The Works in Architecture in installments between 1773 a... |
5729888b6aef051400154fac | From around 1800 an influx of etchings and engravings came from where? | Greek architectural | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nFrom about 1800 a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, seen through the medium of etchings and engravings, gave a new impetus to neoclassicism, the Greek Revival. There was little to no direct knowledge of Greek civilization before the middle of the 18th century in Western Eur... |
5729888b6aef051400154fad | What was this new phase of neoclassicism? | Greek Revival | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nFrom about 1800 a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, seen through the medium of etchings and engravings, gave a new impetus to neoclassicism, the Greek Revival. There was little to no direct knowledge of Greek civilization before the middle of the 18th century in Western Eur... |
5729888b6aef051400154fae | Prior to what century had there been little contact between western europe and greek civilization? | 18th century | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nFrom about 1800 a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, seen through the medium of etchings and engravings, gave a new impetus to neoclassicism, the Greek Revival. There was little to no direct knowledge of Greek civilization before the middle of the 18th century in Western Eur... |
5729888b6aef051400154faf | Who led an expedition to Greece in 1751? | James Stuart and Nicholas Revett | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nFrom about 1800 a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, seen through the medium of etchings and engravings, gave a new impetus to neoclassicism, the Greek Revival. There was little to no direct knowledge of Greek civilization before the middle of the 18th century in Western Eur... |
5729888b6aef051400154fb0 | What was the first Greek building in England? | garden temple at Hagley Hall (1758–59) | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nFrom about 1800 a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, seen through the medium of etchings and engravings, gave a new impetus to neoclassicism, the Greek Revival. There was little to no direct knowledge of Greek civilization before the middle of the 18th century in Western Eur... |
57298a8e1d0469140077951b | Whose winning design for public competition began the dominance of Greek style architecture? | William Wilkins | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nSeen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be Wil... |
57298a8e1d0469140077951c | What monument was created in 1818? | Burns Monument at Alloway | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nSeen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be Wil... |
57298a8e1d0469140077951d | When was the General Post Office built? | 1824–29 | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nSeen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be Wil... |
57298a8e1d0469140077951e | In what year was the British Museum built? | 1823–48 | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nSeen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be Wil... |
57298a8e1d0469140077951f | When was the National Gallery constructed? | 1832–38 | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nSeen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be Wil... |
57298cc51d04691400779525 | How would the Empire style of France be characterized by comparison? | more grandiose | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nAt the same time the Empire style in France was a more grandiose wave of neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts. Mainly based on Imperial Roman styles, it originated in, and took its name from, the rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire, where it was intended to i... |
57298cc51d04691400779526 | What was the origination of the Imperial Roman Style? | Napoleon I | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nAt the same time the Empire style in France was a more grandiose wave of neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts. Mainly based on Imperial Roman styles, it originated in, and took its name from, the rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire, where it was intended to i... |
57298cc51d04691400779527 | What was the corresponding style to Empire in Britain? | Regency | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nAt the same time the Empire style in France was a more grandiose wave of neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts. Mainly based on Imperial Roman styles, it originated in, and took its name from, the rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire, where it was intended to i... |
57298cc51d04691400779528 | In the US, the style during this time of Neoclassical Empire was known as what? | Federal style | [
"Neoclassical_architecture\n\nAt the same time the Empire style in France was a more grandiose wave of neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts. Mainly based on Imperial Roman styles, it originated in, and took its name from, the rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire, where it was intended to i... |
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