id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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572ea63ac246551400ce446e | What type of storm is The Scooter on Neptune? | southern cyclonic storm | [
"Neptune\n\nThe Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot. This nickname first arose during the months leading up to the Voyager 2 encounter in 1989, when they were observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot (and images acquired later would subsequently reve... |
572ea63ac246551400ce446f | What detected the storms on Neptune? | Voyager 2) | [
"Neptune\n\nThe Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot. This nickname first arose during the months leading up to the Voyager 2 encounter in 1989, when they were observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot (and images acquired later would subsequently reve... |
572ea63ac246551400ce4470 | What is the second most intense storm on Neptune? | The Small Dark Spot | [
"Neptune\n\nThe Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot. This nickname first arose during the months leading up to the Voyager 2 encounter in 1989, when they were observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot (and images acquired later would subsequently reve... |
572ea6dbdfa6aa1500f8d251 | Where are Neptune's dark spots thought to occur? | in the troposphere | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots ... |
572ea6dbdfa6aa1500f8d252 | What do Neptune's dark spots appear as in the cloud decks? | holes | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots ... |
572ea6dbdfa6aa1500f8d253 | Since Neptune's dark spots persist for several months, what are they thought to be? | vortex structures | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots ... |
572ea6dbdfa6aa1500f8d254 | What on Neptune are associated with dark spots that are brighter? | methane clouds | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots ... |
572ea6dbdfa6aa1500f8d255 | When Neptune's dark spots migrate too close to the equator, what do they do? | dissipate | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots ... |
572ea842dfa6aa1500f8d26f | Why might Neptune have more varied weather than Uranus? | higher internal heating | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's trop... |
572ea842dfa6aa1500f8d270 | How much farther is Neptune from the Sun than Uranus? | 50% | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's trop... |
572ea842dfa6aa1500f8d271 | How much percentage of the sun does Neptune get compared to Uranus? | 40% | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's trop... |
572ea842dfa6aa1500f8d272 | How much more energy does Neptune radiate than it receives? | 2.61 | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's trop... |
572ea842dfa6aa1500f8d273 | The current heat flow on Neptune might be explained by what? | heat left over from Neptune's formation | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's trop... |
572ea93ec246551400ce448a | When did Neptune complete it's first barycentric orbit since it's discovery? | 11 July 2011 | [
"Neptune\n\nOn 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846, although it did not appear at its exact discovery position in the sky, because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit. Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the... |
572ea93ec246551400ce448b | What is the Earth's orbit? | 365.26-day | [
"Neptune\n\nOn 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846, although it did not appear at its exact discovery position in the sky, because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit. Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the... |
572ea93ec246551400ce448c | Using the heliocentric coordinate system, when did Neptune reach the discovery longitude? | 12 July 2011 | [
"Neptune\n\nOn 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846, although it did not appear at its exact discovery position in the sky, because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit. Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the... |
572ea93ec246551400ce448d | Why didn't Neptune appear to be in it's exact discover position? | Earth was in a different location | [
"Neptune\n\nOn 11 July 2011, Neptune completed its first full barycentric orbit since its discovery in 1846, although it did not appear at its exact discovery position in the sky, because Earth was in a different location in its 365.26-day orbit. Because of the motion of the Sun in relation to the barycentre of the... |
572ea9c803f98919007568db | What is the region behind Neptune called? | Kuiper belt | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune's orbit has a profound impact on the region directly beyond it, known as the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is a ring of small icy worlds, similar to the asteroid belt but far larger, extending from Neptune's orbit at 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun. Much in the same way that Jupiter's gravi... |
572ea9c803f98919007568dc | What does the Kuiper belt consist of? | small icy worlds | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune's orbit has a profound impact on the region directly beyond it, known as the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is a ring of small icy worlds, similar to the asteroid belt but far larger, extending from Neptune's orbit at 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun. Much in the same way that Jupiter's gravi... |
572ea9c803f98919007568dd | Where is the Kuiper belt relative to Neptune? | 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune's orbit has a profound impact on the region directly beyond it, known as the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is a ring of small icy worlds, similar to the asteroid belt but far larger, extending from Neptune's orbit at 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun. Much in the same way that Jupiter's gravi... |
572ea9c803f98919007568de | What dominates the Kuiper belt? | Neptune's gravity | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune's orbit has a profound impact on the region directly beyond it, known as the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is a ring of small icy worlds, similar to the asteroid belt but far larger, extending from Neptune's orbit at 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun. Much in the same way that Jupiter's gravi... |
572ea9c803f98919007568df | What did Neptune's gravity do to Kuiper belt? | gaps in the Kuiper belt's structure | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune's orbit has a profound impact on the region directly beyond it, known as the Kuiper belt. The Kuiper belt is a ring of small icy worlds, similar to the asteroid belt but far larger, extending from Neptune's orbit at 30 AU out to about 55 AU from the Sun. Much in the same way that Jupiter's gravi... |
572eaa5903f98919007568e5 | What is the fraction of the most heavily populated resonance in the Kuiper belt? | 2:3 resonance | [
"Neptune\n\nThere do exist orbits within these empty regions where objects can survive for the age of the Solar System. These resonances occur when Neptune's orbital period is a precise fraction of that of the object, such as 1:2, or 3:4. If, say, an object orbits the Sun once for every two Neptune orbits, it will ... |
572eaa5903f98919007568e6 | How many known objects is in the most populated resonance of the Kuiper belt? | 200 | [
"Neptune\n\nThere do exist orbits within these empty regions where objects can survive for the age of the Solar System. These resonances occur when Neptune's orbital period is a precise fraction of that of the object, such as 1:2, or 3:4. If, say, an object orbits the Sun once for every two Neptune orbits, it will ... |
572eaa5903f98919007568e7 | What is the best known, and largest, object in the Kuiper belt? | Pluto | [
"Neptune\n\nThere do exist orbits within these empty regions where objects can survive for the age of the Solar System. These resonances occur when Neptune's orbital period is a precise fraction of that of the object, such as 1:2, or 3:4. If, say, an object orbits the Sun once for every two Neptune orbits, it will ... |
572eaa5903f98919007568e8 | What is the resonance of Pluto in the Kuiper belt? | 2:3 | [
"Neptune\n\nThere do exist orbits within these empty regions where objects can survive for the age of the Solar System. These resonances occur when Neptune's orbital period is a precise fraction of that of the object, such as 1:2, or 3:4. If, say, an object orbits the Sun once for every two Neptune orbits, it will ... |
572eaa5903f98919007568e9 | Which resonances are less populated in the Kuiper belt? | 3:4, 3:5, 4:7 and 2:5 | [
"Neptune\n\nThere do exist orbits within these empty regions where objects can survive for the age of the Solar System. These resonances occur when Neptune's orbital period is a precise fraction of that of the object, such as 1:2, or 3:4. If, say, an object orbits the Sun once for every two Neptune orbits, it will ... |
572eab33cb0c0d14000f1438 | What is the resonance of Neptune trojans? | 1:1 | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune has a number of known trojan objects occupying both the Sun–Neptune L4 and L5 Lagrangian points—gravitationally stable regions leading and trailing Neptune in its orbit, respectively. Neptune trojans can be viewed as being in a 1:1 resonance with Neptune. Some Neptune trojans are remarkably stab... |
572eab33cb0c0d14000f1439 | Where did most Neptune trojans form? | alongside Neptune | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune has a number of known trojan objects occupying both the Sun–Neptune L4 and L5 Lagrangian points—gravitationally stable regions leading and trailing Neptune in its orbit, respectively. Neptune trojans can be viewed as being in a 1:1 resonance with Neptune. Some Neptune trojans are remarkably stab... |
572eab33cb0c0d14000f143a | What is the only object identified with Neptune's trailing L5 Lagrangian point? | 2008 LC18 | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune has a number of known trojan objects occupying both the Sun–Neptune L4 and L5 Lagrangian points—gravitationally stable regions leading and trailing Neptune in its orbit, respectively. Neptune trojans can be viewed as being in a 1:1 resonance with Neptune. Some Neptune trojans are remarkably stab... |
572eab33cb0c0d14000f143b | What is Neptune's temporary quasi-satellite named? | (309239) 2007 RW10 | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune has a number of known trojan objects occupying both the Sun–Neptune L4 and L5 Lagrangian points—gravitationally stable regions leading and trailing Neptune in its orbit, respectively. Neptune trojans can be viewed as being in a 1:1 resonance with Neptune. Some Neptune trojans are remarkably stab... |
572eab33cb0c0d14000f143c | How long has Neptune's quasi-satellite been with Neptune? | 12,500 years | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune has a number of known trojan objects occupying both the Sun–Neptune L4 and L5 Lagrangian points—gravitationally stable regions leading and trailing Neptune in its orbit, respectively. Neptune trojans can be viewed as being in a 1:1 resonance with Neptune. Some Neptune trojans are remarkably stab... |
572ead7cc246551400ce44d8 | What could have blasted Neptune and Uranus's atmosphere with radiation, aiding in creation? | nearby massive OB star | [
"Neptune\n\nThe formation of the ice giants, Neptune and Uranus, has proven difficult to model precisely. Current models suggest that the matter density in the outer regions of the Solar System was too low to account for the formation of such large bodies from the traditionally accepted method of core accretion, an... |
572ead7cc246551400ce44d9 | What is too low to account for the formation of Neptune? | matter density | [
"Neptune\n\nThe formation of the ice giants, Neptune and Uranus, has proven difficult to model precisely. Current models suggest that the matter density in the outer regions of the Solar System was too low to account for the formation of such large bodies from the traditionally accepted method of core accretion, an... |
572ead7cc246551400ce44da | If Neptune was formed from instabilities within the original protoplanetary disc, what was it not formed by? | core accretion | [
"Neptune\n\nThe formation of the ice giants, Neptune and Uranus, has proven difficult to model precisely. Current models suggest that the matter density in the outer regions of the Solar System was too low to account for the formation of such large bodies from the traditionally accepted method of core accretion, an... |
572eae2203f9891900756929 | If Neptune formed closer to the sun, what is the matter density? | higher | [
"Neptune\n\nAn alternative concept is that they formed closer to the Sun, where the matter density was higher, and then subsequently migrated to their current orbits after the removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc. This hypothesis of migration after formation is favoured, due to its ability to better explain t... |
572eae2203f989190075692a | If Neptune formed closer to the sun, what caused it to migrate to it's current orbit? | removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc | [
"Neptune\n\nAn alternative concept is that they formed closer to the Sun, where the matter density was higher, and then subsequently migrated to their current orbits after the removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc. This hypothesis of migration after formation is favoured, due to its ability to better explain t... |
572eae2203f989190075692b | What is the most widely accepted explanation of Neptune's formation called? | the Nice model | [
"Neptune\n\nAn alternative concept is that they formed closer to the Sun, where the matter density was higher, and then subsequently migrated to their current orbits after the removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc. This hypothesis of migration after formation is favoured, due to its ability to better explain t... |
572eae2203f989190075692c | What does The Nice model consider effected the migration of Neptune? | Kuiper belt. | [
"Neptune\n\nAn alternative concept is that they formed closer to the Sun, where the matter density was higher, and then subsequently migrated to their current orbits after the removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc. This hypothesis of migration after formation is favoured, due to its ability to better explain t... |
572eae88dfa6aa1500f8d2ad | How many moons does Neptune have? | 14 | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune has 14 known moons. Triton is the largest Neptunian moon, comprising more than 99.5% of the mass in orbit around Neptune,[e] and it is the only one massive enough to be spheroidal. Triton was discovered by William Lassell just 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself. Unlike all other large... |
572eae88dfa6aa1500f8d2ae | What is Neptune's largest moon? | Triton | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune has 14 known moons. Triton is the largest Neptunian moon, comprising more than 99.5% of the mass in orbit around Neptune,[e] and it is the only one massive enough to be spheroidal. Triton was discovered by William Lassell just 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself. Unlike all other large... |
572eae88dfa6aa1500f8d2af | Who discovered Triton? | William Lassell | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune has 14 known moons. Triton is the largest Neptunian moon, comprising more than 99.5% of the mass in orbit around Neptune,[e] and it is the only one massive enough to be spheroidal. Triton was discovered by William Lassell just 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself. Unlike all other large... |
572eae88dfa6aa1500f8d2b0 | What orbit does Triton have around Neptune? | retrograde orbit | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune has 14 known moons. Triton is the largest Neptunian moon, comprising more than 99.5% of the mass in orbit around Neptune,[e] and it is the only one massive enough to be spheroidal. Triton was discovered by William Lassell just 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself. Unlike all other large... |
572eae88dfa6aa1500f8d2b1 | What does Triton's orbit suggest about it's relation to Neptune? | that it was captured | [
"Neptune\n\nNeptune has 14 known moons. Triton is the largest Neptunian moon, comprising more than 99.5% of the mass in orbit around Neptune,[e] and it is the only one massive enough to be spheroidal. Triton was discovered by William Lassell just 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself. Unlike all other large... |
572eaf62cb0c0d14000f147e | What discovered six moons of Neptune in 1989? | Voyager 2 | [
"Neptune\n\nFrom July to September 1989, Voyager 2 discovered six moons of Neptune. Of these, the irregularly shaped Proteus is notable for being as large as a body of its density can be without being pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravity. Although the second-most-massive Neptunian moon, it is only 0.25%... |
572eaf62cb0c0d14000f147f | What is the second most massive Neptunian moon? | Proteus | [
"Neptune\n\nFrom July to September 1989, Voyager 2 discovered six moons of Neptune. Of these, the irregularly shaped Proteus is notable for being as large as a body of its density can be without being pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravity. Although the second-most-massive Neptunian moon, it is only 0.25%... |
572eaf62cb0c0d14000f1480 | What is notable about the moon Proteus? | irregularly shaped | [
"Neptune\n\nFrom July to September 1989, Voyager 2 discovered six moons of Neptune. Of these, the irregularly shaped Proteus is notable for being as large as a body of its density can be without being pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravity. Although the second-most-massive Neptunian moon, it is only 0.25%... |
572eaf62cb0c0d14000f1481 | Which are Neptune's four innermost moons? | Naiad, Thalassa, Despina and Galatea | [
"Neptune\n\nFrom July to September 1989, Voyager 2 discovered six moons of Neptune. Of these, the irregularly shaped Proteus is notable for being as large as a body of its density can be without being pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravity. Although the second-most-massive Neptunian moon, it is only 0.25%... |
572eaf62cb0c0d14000f1482 | When was Neptune's moon Larissa discovered? | 1981 | [
"Neptune\n\nFrom July to September 1989, Voyager 2 discovered six moons of Neptune. Of these, the irregularly shaped Proteus is notable for being as large as a body of its density can be without being pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravity. Although the second-most-massive Neptunian moon, it is only 0.25%... |
572eaff6dfa6aa1500f8d2c9 | What is Neptune's angular diameter range? | 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds | [
"Neptune\n\nBecause of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets. Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study it visually. Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of Hubble Space Telescope (HST... |
572eaff6dfa6aa1500f8d2ca | The advent of what telescope made it easier to study Neptune? | Hubble Space Telescope | [
"Neptune\n\nBecause of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets. Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study it visually. Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of Hubble Space Telescope (HST... |
572eaff6dfa6aa1500f8d2cb | When was the first useful observation of Neptune from the ground? | 1997 | [
"Neptune\n\nBecause of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets. Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study it visually. Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of Hubble Space Telescope (HST... |
572eaff6dfa6aa1500f8d2cc | What seasons are Neptune currently entering? | spring and summer | [
"Neptune\n\nBecause of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets. Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study it visually. Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of Hubble Space Telescope (HST... |
572eaff6dfa6aa1500f8d2cd | What was discovered around Neptune in 2004 and 2005? | five new small satellites | [
"Neptune\n\nBecause of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets. Its small apparent size makes it challenging to study it visually. Most telescopic data was fairly limited until the advent of Hubble Space Telescope (HST... |
572eb077c246551400ce4518 | What is the only spacecraft to visit Neptune? | Voyager 2 | [
"Neptune\n\nVoyager 2 is the only spacecraft that has visited Neptune. The spacecraft's closest approach to the planet occurred on 25 August 1989. Because this was the last major planet the spacecraft could visit, it was decided to make a close flyby of the moon Triton, regardless of the consequences to the traject... |
572eb077c246551400ce4519 | When did a spacecraft get closest to Neptune? | 25 August 1989 | [
"Neptune\n\nVoyager 2 is the only spacecraft that has visited Neptune. The spacecraft's closest approach to the planet occurred on 25 August 1989. Because this was the last major planet the spacecraft could visit, it was decided to make a close flyby of the moon Triton, regardless of the consequences to the traject... |
572eb077c246551400ce451a | What near Neptune did a spacecraft visit dangerously close? | Triton | [
"Neptune\n\nVoyager 2 is the only spacecraft that has visited Neptune. The spacecraft's closest approach to the planet occurred on 25 August 1989. Because this was the last major planet the spacecraft could visit, it was decided to make a close flyby of the moon Triton, regardless of the consequences to the traject... |
572eb077c246551400ce451b | What program aired on PBS about Neptune? | Neptune All Night | [
"Neptune\n\nVoyager 2 is the only spacecraft that has visited Neptune. The spacecraft's closest approach to the planet occurred on 25 August 1989. Because this was the last major planet the spacecraft could visit, it was decided to make a close flyby of the moon Triton, regardless of the consequences to the traject... |
572eb0fd03f989190075695f | When is the next hypothetical mission to Neptune? | late 2020s | [
"Neptune\n\nAfter the Voyager 2 flyby mission, the next step in scientific exploration of the Neptunian system, is considered to be a Flagship orbital mission. Such a hypothetical mission is envisioned to be possible at in the late 2020s or early 2030s. However, there have been a couple of discussions to launch Nep... |
572eb0fd03f9891900756960 | What about Neptune did NASA propose in 2003 in their "Vision Missions Studies"? | Neptune Orbiter with Probes | [
"Neptune\n\nAfter the Voyager 2 flyby mission, the next step in scientific exploration of the Neptunian system, is considered to be a Flagship orbital mission. Such a hypothetical mission is envisioned to be possible at in the late 2020s or early 2030s. However, there have been a couple of discussions to launch Nep... |
572eb0fd03f9891900756961 | When will Argo be launched? | 2019 | [
"Neptune\n\nAfter the Voyager 2 flyby mission, the next step in scientific exploration of the Neptunian system, is considered to be a Flagship orbital mission. Such a hypothetical mission is envisioned to be possible at in the late 2020s or early 2030s. However, there have been a couple of discussions to launch Nep... |
572eb0fd03f9891900756962 | What will Argo visit? | Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, and a Kuiper belt object | [
"Neptune\n\nAfter the Voyager 2 flyby mission, the next step in scientific exploration of the Neptunian system, is considered to be a Flagship orbital mission. Such a hypothetical mission is envisioned to be possible at in the late 2020s or early 2030s. However, there have been a couple of discussions to launch Nep... |
572eb0fd03f9891900756963 | When can we expect Argo to visit Triton? | 2029 | [
"Neptune\n\nAfter the Voyager 2 flyby mission, the next step in scientific exploration of the Neptunian system, is considered to be a Flagship orbital mission. Such a hypothetical mission is envisioned to be possible at in the late 2020s or early 2030s. However, there have been a couple of discussions to launch Nep... |
572e8592dfa6aa1500f8d097 | What is of the factors the capital cost of electrification system depends on? | maintenance | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nA railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics... |
572e8592dfa6aa1500f8d098 | How do some locomotives function in order to be more flexible in operation? | can switch to different supply voltages | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nA railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics... |
572e8592dfa6aa1500f8d099 | What is the main disadvantage of railway electrification? | significant capital expenditure | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nA railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics... |
572e8592dfa6aa1500f8d09a | What are two types of revenue obtained through railway transportation? | freight and passenger traffic | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nA railway electrification system supplies electric power to railway trains and trams without an on-board prime mover or local fuel supply. Electrification has many advantages but requires significant capital expenditure. Selection of an electrification system is based on economics... |
572e86c1c246551400ce42ca | What is used to haul passengers cars? | electric locomotives | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network ... |
572e86c1c246551400ce42cb | How is electricity being generated for electric locomotives? | generating stations | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network ... |
572e86c1c246551400ce42cc | What entity provides distribution lines, switches and transformers? | railway | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nElectric railways use electric locomotives to haul passengers or freight in separate cars or electric multiple units, passenger cars with their own motors. Electricity is typically generated in large and relatively efficient generating stations, transmitted to the railway network ... |
572e88f303f9891900756745 | What is the principal alternative to electric railways? | diesel engine | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nIn comparison to the principal alternative, the diesel engine, electric railways offer substantially better energy efficiency, lower emissions and lower operating costs. Electric locomotives are usually quieter, more powerful, and more responsive and reliable than diesels. They ha... |
572e88f303f9891900756746 | What locomotives are usually more reliable? | Electric locomotives | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nIn comparison to the principal alternative, the diesel engine, electric railways offer substantially better energy efficiency, lower emissions and lower operating costs. Electric locomotives are usually quieter, more powerful, and more responsive and reliable than diesels. They ha... |
572e88f303f9891900756747 | What do some electric traction systems provide? | regenerative braking | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nIn comparison to the principal alternative, the diesel engine, electric railways offer substantially better energy efficiency, lower emissions and lower operating costs. Electric locomotives are usually quieter, more powerful, and more responsive and reliable than diesels. They ha... |
572e88f303f9891900756748 | What type of fuel do diesel locomotives use? | petroleum | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nIn comparison to the principal alternative, the diesel engine, electric railways offer substantially better energy efficiency, lower emissions and lower operating costs. Electric locomotives are usually quieter, more powerful, and more responsive and reliable than diesels. They ha... |
572e88f303f9891900756749 | What is one of the sources electricity is being generated from? | geothermal | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nIn comparison to the principal alternative, the diesel engine, electric railways offer substantially better energy efficiency, lower emissions and lower operating costs. Electric locomotives are usually quieter, more powerful, and more responsive and reliable than diesels. They ha... |
572e8e0fcb0c0d14000f1290 | What issue can complicate electric railway service? | different supply voltages and frequencies, | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nDisadvantages of electric traction include high capital costs that may be uneconomic on lightly trafficked routes; a relative lack of flexibility since electric trains need electrified tracks or onboard supercapacitors and charging infrastructure at stations; and a vulnerability t... |
572e8e0fcb0c0d14000f1291 | What is a safety hazard to track workers? | voltages on contact wires | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nDisadvantages of electric traction include high capital costs that may be uneconomic on lightly trafficked routes; a relative lack of flexibility since electric trains need electrified tracks or onboard supercapacitors and charging infrastructure at stations; and a vulnerability t... |
572e8e0fcb0c0d14000f1292 | What is a safer alternative to third rails? | Overhead wires | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nDisadvantages of electric traction include high capital costs that may be uneconomic on lightly trafficked routes; a relative lack of flexibility since electric trains need electrified tracks or onboard supercapacitors and charging infrastructure at stations; and a vulnerability t... |
572e8e0fcb0c0d14000f1293 | Why overhead wires are not being widely used? | considered unsightly. | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nDisadvantages of electric traction include high capital costs that may be uneconomic on lightly trafficked routes; a relative lack of flexibility since electric trains need electrified tracks or onboard supercapacitors and charging infrastructure at stations; and a vulnerability t... |
572e8f7803f98919007567a1 | What is speed limit for railways? | variable speeds | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nRailways must operate at variable speeds. Until the mid 1980s this was only practical with the brush-type DC motor, although such DC can be supplied from an AC catenary via on-board electric power conversion. Since such conversion was not well developed in the late 19th century an... |
572e8f7803f98919007567a2 | Why is DC motor being used more than AC type? | conversion was not well developed | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nRailways must operate at variable speeds. Until the mid 1980s this was only practical with the brush-type DC motor, although such DC can be supplied from an AC catenary via on-board electric power conversion. Since such conversion was not well developed in the late 19th century an... |
572e8f7803f98919007567a3 | What are two types of railway transportation still use DC motor? | rapid transit (subways) and trams | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nRailways must operate at variable speeds. Until the mid 1980s this was only practical with the brush-type DC motor, although such DC can be supplied from an AC catenary via on-board electric power conversion. Since such conversion was not well developed in the late 19th century an... |
572f2607947a6a140053c7dc | Why do motors have little space for insulation? | low voltage ratings | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nMotors have very little room for electrical insulation so they generally have low voltage ratings. Because transformers (prior to the development of power electronics) cannot step down DC voltages, trains were supplied with a relatively low DC voltage that the motors can use direc... |
572f2607947a6a140053c7dd | What is most common volatage range used by railway system? | below 1 kV | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nMotors have very little room for electrical insulation so they generally have low voltage ratings. Because transformers (prior to the development of power electronics) cannot step down DC voltages, trains were supplied with a relatively low DC voltage that the motors can use direc... |
572f2607947a6a140053c7de | Why 1kV voltage is almost always used by rail systems? | safety reasons | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nMotors have very little room for electrical insulation so they generally have low voltage ratings. Because transformers (prior to the development of power electronics) cannot step down DC voltages, trains were supplied with a relatively low DC voltage that the motors can use direc... |
572f2607947a6a140053c7df | Which system uses higher voltages? | overhead wires | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nMotors have very little room for electrical insulation so they generally have low voltage ratings. Because transformers (prior to the development of power electronics) cannot step down DC voltages, trains were supplied with a relatively low DC voltage that the motors can use direc... |
572f2607947a6a140053c7e0 | Is "low" voltage used by trains safe for people? | lethal | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nMotors have very little room for electrical insulation so they generally have low voltage ratings. Because transformers (prior to the development of power electronics) cannot step down DC voltages, trains were supplied with a relatively low DC voltage that the motors can use direc... |
572f2836b2c2fd1400567f47 | What type of electric power garantees lesser loss? | DC | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nThere has, however, been interest among railroad operators in returning to DC use at higher voltages than previously used. At the same voltage, DC often has less loss than AC, and for this reason high-voltage direct current is already used on some bulk power transmission lines. DC... |
572f2836b2c2fd1400567f48 | Which type of supply for electric motors creates electromagnetic radiation? | AC | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nThere has, however, been interest among railroad operators in returning to DC use at higher voltages than previously used. At the same voltage, DC often has less loss than AC, and for this reason high-voltage direct current is already used on some bulk power transmission lines. DC... |
572f2836b2c2fd1400567f49 | What can electromagnetic radiation interfere with? | signalling and communications | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nThere has, however, been interest among railroad operators in returning to DC use at higher voltages than previously used. At the same voltage, DC often has less loss than AC, and for this reason high-voltage direct current is already used on some bulk power transmission lines. DC... |
572f2836b2c2fd1400567f4a | Which type of power does require three-phase transmission? | AC | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nThere has, however, been interest among railroad operators in returning to DC use at higher voltages than previously used. At the same voltage, DC often has less loss than AC, and for this reason high-voltage direct current is already used on some bulk power transmission lines. DC... |
572f2836b2c2fd1400567f4b | Where was an experimental 6kV DC railway built? | the Soviet Union | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\nThere has, however, been interest among railroad operators in returning to DC use at higher voltages than previously used. At the same voltage, DC often has less loss than AC, and for this reason high-voltage direct current is already used on some bulk power transmission lines. DC... |
572f2b31947a6a140053c7e6 | What is most common voltage for DC supply? | 1,500 V | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\n1,500 V DC is used in the Netherlands, Japan, Republic Of Indonesia, Hong Kong (parts), Republic of Ireland, Australia (parts), India (around the Mumbai area alone, has been converted to 25 kV AC like the rest of India), France (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC), New Zealand (Wellington)... |
572f2b31947a6a140053c7e7 | How many narrow-gauge lines in Slovakia? | two | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\n1,500 V DC is used in the Netherlands, Japan, Republic Of Indonesia, Hong Kong (parts), Republic of Ireland, Australia (parts), India (around the Mumbai area alone, has been converted to 25 kV AC like the rest of India), France (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC), New Zealand (Wellington)... |
572f2b31947a6a140053c7e8 | What railway line is DC being used in Portugal? | the Cascais Line | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\n1,500 V DC is used in the Netherlands, Japan, Republic Of Indonesia, Hong Kong (parts), Republic of Ireland, Australia (parts), India (around the Mumbai area alone, has been converted to 25 kV AC like the rest of India), France (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC), New Zealand (Wellington)... |
572f2b31947a6a140053c7e9 | Where in India line has been converted to AC? | Mumbai area | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\n1,500 V DC is used in the Netherlands, Japan, Republic Of Indonesia, Hong Kong (parts), Republic of Ireland, Australia (parts), India (around the Mumbai area alone, has been converted to 25 kV AC like the rest of India), France (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC), New Zealand (Wellington)... |
572f2ce3a23a5019007fc4b3 | What voltage is being used in railway system of South Africa and Chile? | 3 kV DC | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\n3 kV DC is used in Belgium, Italy, Spain, Poland, the northern Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Chile, and former Soviet Union countries (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC). It was formerly used by the Milwaukee Road from Harlowton, Montana to Seattle-Tacoma, across the C... |
572f2ce3a23a5019007fc4b4 | Besides using 3kV DC what other power type is used in the former Soviet Union countries? | 25 kV 50 Hz AC | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\n3 kV DC is used in Belgium, Italy, Spain, Poland, the northern Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Chile, and former Soviet Union countries (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC). It was formerly used by the Milwaukee Road from Harlowton, Montana to Seattle-Tacoma, across the C... |
572f2ce3a23a5019007fc4b5 | What was New Jersey Transit called before? | Western Railroad | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\n3 kV DC is used in Belgium, Italy, Spain, Poland, the northern Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Chile, and former Soviet Union countries (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC). It was formerly used by the Milwaukee Road from Harlowton, Montana to Seattle-Tacoma, across the C... |
572f2ce3a23a5019007fc4b6 | What does the railway system of US use DC or AC? | AC | [
"Railway_electrification_system\n\n3 kV DC is used in Belgium, Italy, Spain, Poland, the northern Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Chile, and former Soviet Union countries (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC). It was formerly used by the Milwaukee Road from Harlowton, Montana to Seattle-Tacoma, across the C... |
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