Split (2)

train · 86.8k rows

id stringlengths 24 24	question stringlengths 1 270	answer stringlengths 1 239	documents listlengths 1 1
572f5d5eb2c2fd1400568085	Why did Hitler feel the Luftwaffe was unsuccessful in bombing raids?	prescribed targets are not hit	[ "The_Blitz\n\nAdolf Hitler failed to pay as much attention to bombing the enemy as he did to protection from enemy bombing, although he had promoted the development of a bomber force in the 1930s and understood that it was possible to use bombers for major strategic purposes. He told the OKL in 1939 that ruthless e...
572f6689b2c2fd14005680d5	How did Hitler threaten small nations into accepting German rule?	air bombardment	[ "The_Blitz\n\nUltimately, Hitler was trapped within his own vision of bombing as a terror weapon, formed in the 1930s when he threatened smaller nations into accepting German rule rather than submit to air bombardment. This fact had important implications. It showed the extent to which Hitler personally mistook All...
572f6689b2c2fd14005680d6	What policy did Hitler hope the bombing of Allies would cause?	policy of moderation	[ "The_Blitz\n\nUltimately, Hitler was trapped within his own vision of bombing as a terror weapon, formed in the 1930s when he threatened smaller nations into accepting German rule rather than submit to air bombardment. This fact had important implications. It showed the extent to which Hitler personally mistook All...
572f6689b2c2fd14005680d7	What kind of prestige was Hitler hoping for?	political	[ "The_Blitz\n\nUltimately, Hitler was trapped within his own vision of bombing as a terror weapon, formed in the 1930s when he threatened smaller nations into accepting German rule rather than submit to air bombardment. This fact had important implications. It showed the extent to which Hitler personally mistook All...
572f6689b2c2fd14005680d8	Why did Hitler use terror bombing against Britain?	to produce a stalemate	[ "The_Blitz\n\nUltimately, Hitler was trapped within his own vision of bombing as a terror weapon, formed in the 1930s when he threatened smaller nations into accepting German rule rather than submit to air bombardment. This fact had important implications. It showed the extent to which Hitler personally mistook All...
572f6c2ba23a5019007fc5fb	Who did Hitler have a conflict over running the air force?	Hermann Göring	[ "The_Blitz\n\nA major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was \"the most effective strategic weapon\", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, \"We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we...
572f6c2ba23a5019007fc5fc	What strategy could have worked against the British Empire?	strangle British sea communications	[ "The_Blitz\n\nA major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was \"the most effective strategic weapon\", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, \"We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we...
572f6c2ba23a5019007fc5fd	Who did Goring refuse to work with in 1940 and 1941?	the Kriegsmarine	[ "The_Blitz\n\nA major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was \"the most effective strategic weapon\", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, \"We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we...
572f6c2ba23a5019007fc5fe	What did the Kriegsmarine try to gain control over?	aircraft	[ "The_Blitz\n\nA major problem in the managing of the Luftwaffe was Hermann Göring. Hitler believed the Luftwaffe was \"the most effective strategic weapon\", and in reply to repeated requests from the Kriegsmarine for control over aircraft insisted, \"We should never have been able to hold our own in this war if we...
572f6e82947a6a140053c94a	What was the major cause of the separation between the Luftwaffe and the other military structure?	communications gap	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe deliberate separation of the Luftwaffe from the rest of the military structure encouraged the emergence of a major \"communications gap\" between Hitler and the Luftwaffe, which other factors helped to exacerbate. For one thing, Göring's fear of Hitler led him to falsify or misrepresent what infor...
572f6e82947a6a140053c94b	What did Goring do because of his fear of Hitler?	misrepresent what information	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe deliberate separation of the Luftwaffe from the rest of the military structure encouraged the emergence of a major \"communications gap\" between Hitler and the Luftwaffe, which other factors helped to exacerbate. For one thing, Göring's fear of Hitler led him to falsify or misrepresent what infor...
572f6e82947a6a140053c94c	What year did Goring display the Luftwaffe's advanced equipment?	1939	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe deliberate separation of the Luftwaffe from the rest of the military structure encouraged the emergence of a major \"communications gap\" between Hitler and the Luftwaffe, which other factors helped to exacerbate. For one thing, Göring's fear of Hitler led him to falsify or misrepresent what infor...
572f6e82947a6a140053c94d	In what city did Goring display the advance equipment?	Rechlin	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe deliberate separation of the Luftwaffe from the rest of the military structure encouraged the emergence of a major \"communications gap\" between Hitler and the Luftwaffe, which other factors helped to exacerbate. For one thing, Göring's fear of Hitler led him to falsify or misrepresent what infor...
572f6e82947a6a140053c94e	Who's bombing program did Goring abandon in 1939?	Wever	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe deliberate separation of the Luftwaffe from the rest of the military structure encouraged the emergence of a major \"communications gap\" between Hitler and the Luftwaffe, which other factors helped to exacerbate. For one thing, Göring's fear of Hitler led him to falsify or misrepresent what infor...
572f709d947a6a140053c966	Which two countries declared war on Germany on September 3 1939?	UK and France	[ "The_Blitz\n\nWithin hours of the UK and France declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, the RAF bombed German warships along the German coast at Wilhelmshaven. Thereafter bombing operations were against ports and shipping and propaganda leaflet drops. Operations were planned to minimize civilian casualties. F...
572f709d947a6a140053c967	The RAF bombed what Germany coast?	Wilhelmshaven	[ "The_Blitz\n\nWithin hours of the UK and France declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, the RAF bombed German warships along the German coast at Wilhelmshaven. Thereafter bombing operations were against ports and shipping and propaganda leaflet drops. Operations were planned to minimize civilian casualties. F...
572f709d947a6a140053c968	What kind of leaflets were dropped?	propaganda	[ "The_Blitz\n\nWithin hours of the UK and France declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, the RAF bombed German warships along the German coast at Wilhelmshaven. Thereafter bombing operations were against ports and shipping and propaganda leaflet drops. Operations were planned to minimize civilian casualties. F...
572f709d947a6a140053c969	What were the RAF operations trying to lessen?	civilian casualties	[ "The_Blitz\n\nWithin hours of the UK and France declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, the RAF bombed German warships along the German coast at Wilhelmshaven. Thereafter bombing operations were against ports and shipping and propaganda leaflet drops. Operations were planned to minimize civilian casualties. F...
572f709d947a6a140053c96a	What year did the Luftwaffe destroy Rotterdam center?	1940	[ "The_Blitz\n\nWithin hours of the UK and France declaring war on Germany on 3 September 1939, the RAF bombed German warships along the German coast at Wilhelmshaven. Thereafter bombing operations were against ports and shipping and propaganda leaflet drops. Operations were planned to minimize civilian casualties. F...
572f785e04bcaa1900d769bf	Which tactics were the Luftwaffe excepted to use against Britain?	air operations	[ "The_Blitz\n\nAlthough not specifically prepared to conduct independent strategic air operations against an opponent, the Luftwaffe was expected to do so over Britain. From July until September 1940 the Luftwaffe attacked RAF Fighter Command to gain air superiority as a prelude to invasion. This involved the bombin...
572f785e04bcaa1900d769c0	Why did the Luftwaffe bomb the RAF Fighter Command?	to gain air superiority	[ "The_Blitz\n\nAlthough not specifically prepared to conduct independent strategic air operations against an opponent, the Luftwaffe was expected to do so over Britain. From July until September 1940 the Luftwaffe attacked RAF Fighter Command to gain air superiority as a prelude to invasion. This involved the bombin...
572f785e04bcaa1900d769c1	What was the name of the Channel the Luftwaffe bomb to try to gain air superiority?	English	[ "The_Blitz\n\nAlthough not specifically prepared to conduct independent strategic air operations against an opponent, the Luftwaffe was expected to do so over Britain. From July until September 1940 the Luftwaffe attacked RAF Fighter Command to gain air superiority as a prelude to invasion. This involved the bombin...
572f785e04bcaa1900d769c2	Which Navy was assumed not to be able to operate under German air superiority?	Royal	[ "The_Blitz\n\nAlthough not specifically prepared to conduct independent strategic air operations against an opponent, the Luftwaffe was expected to do so over Britain. From July until September 1940 the Luftwaffe attacked RAF Fighter Command to gain air superiority as a prelude to invasion. This involved the bombin...
572f7ac2b2c2fd1400568169	Why did the Luftwaffe fail to locate their targets?	poor intelligence	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe Luftwaffe's poor intelligence meant that their aircraft were not always able to locate their targets, and thus attacks on factories and airfields failed to achieve the desired results. British fighter aircraft production continued at a rate surpassing Germany's by 2 to 1. The British produced 10,0...
572f7ac2b2c2fd140056816a	Britain's fabrication of fighter planes out paced Germany by what margin?	2 to 1	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe Luftwaffe's poor intelligence meant that their aircraft were not always able to locate their targets, and thus attacks on factories and airfields failed to achieve the desired results. British fighter aircraft production continued at a rate surpassing Germany's by 2 to 1. The British produced 10,0...
572f7ac2b2c2fd140056816b	How many aircraft did Britain produce in 1940?	10,000	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe Luftwaffe's poor intelligence meant that their aircraft were not always able to locate their targets, and thus attacks on factories and airfields failed to achieve the desired results. British fighter aircraft production continued at a rate surpassing Germany's by 2 to 1. The British produced 10,0...
572f7ac2b2c2fd140056816c	What did German crew members face if they were shot down over Britain?	capture	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe Luftwaffe's poor intelligence meant that their aircraft were not always able to locate their targets, and thus attacks on factories and airfields failed to achieve the desired results. British fighter aircraft production continued at a rate surpassing Germany's by 2 to 1. The British produced 10,0...
572f7ac2b2c2fd140056816d	How big was the crew of a bomber?	four to five crewmen	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe Luftwaffe's poor intelligence meant that their aircraft were not always able to locate their targets, and thus attacks on factories and airfields failed to achieve the desired results. British fighter aircraft production continued at a rate surpassing Germany's by 2 to 1. The British produced 10,0...
572f8332b2c2fd140056819b	What does OKL stand for?	Oberkommando der Luftwaffe	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe decision to change strategy is sometimes claimed as a major mistake by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL). It is argued that persisting with attacks on RAF airfields might have won air superiority for the Luftwaffe. Others argue that the Luftwaffe made little impression on Fighter Command in the...
572f8332b2c2fd140056819c	What month would the weather window begin to decline?	October	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe decision to change strategy is sometimes claimed as a major mistake by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL). It is argued that persisting with attacks on RAF airfields might have won air superiority for the Luftwaffe. Others argue that the Luftwaffe made little impression on Fighter Command in the...
572f8332b2c2fd140056819d	If serious loss had happened to the RAF where might they have pulled out of?	the north	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe decision to change strategy is sometimes claimed as a major mistake by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL). It is argued that persisting with attacks on RAF airfields might have won air superiority for the Luftwaffe. Others argue that the Luftwaffe made little impression on Fighter Command in the...
572f8332b2c2fd140056819e	What is the German name of Operation Sea Lion?	Unternehmen Seelöwe	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe decision to change strategy is sometimes claimed as a major mistake by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL). It is argued that persisting with attacks on RAF airfields might have won air superiority for the Luftwaffe. Others argue that the Luftwaffe made little impression on Fighter Command in the...
572f8332b2c2fd140056819f	Who had exponential larger naval forces?	British naval forces	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe decision to change strategy is sometimes claimed as a major mistake by the Oberkommando der Luftwaffe (OKL). It is argued that persisting with attacks on RAF airfields might have won air superiority for the Luftwaffe. Others argue that the Luftwaffe made little impression on Fighter Command in the...
572f867ba23a5019007fc6e5	The Luftwaffe air fleets were taking what kind of losses?	punishing	[ "The_Blitz\n\nRegardless of the ability of the Luftwaffe to win air superiority, Adolf Hitler was frustrated that it was not happening quickly enough. With no sign of the RAF weakening, and Luftwaffe air fleets (Luftflotten) taking punishing losses, the OKL was keen for a change in strategy. To reduce losses furthe...
572f867ba23a5019007fc6e6	What did the punishing losses to the air fleet cause the Luftwaffe to do?	change in strategy	[ "The_Blitz\n\nRegardless of the ability of the Luftwaffe to win air superiority, Adolf Hitler was frustrated that it was not happening quickly enough. With no sign of the RAF weakening, and Luftwaffe air fleets (Luftflotten) taking punishing losses, the OKL was keen for a change in strategy. To reduce losses furthe...
572f867ba23a5019007fc6e7	What kind of strategy did the Luftwaffe use to give their bombers better protection?	cover of darkness	[ "The_Blitz\n\nRegardless of the ability of the Luftwaffe to win air superiority, Adolf Hitler was frustrated that it was not happening quickly enough. With no sign of the RAF weakening, and Luftwaffe air fleets (Luftflotten) taking punishing losses, the OKL was keen for a change in strategy. To reduce losses furthe...
572f867ba23a5019007fc6e8	What city did Hitler give a speech where he said he would erase British cities?	Sportspalast	[ "The_Blitz\n\nRegardless of the ability of the Luftwaffe to win air superiority, Adolf Hitler was frustrated that it was not happening quickly enough. With no sign of the RAF weakening, and Luftwaffe air fleets (Luftflotten) taking punishing losses, the OKL was keen for a change in strategy. To reduce losses furthe...
572f867ba23a5019007fc6e9	In what year did Hitler give the speech at Sportspalast?	1940	[ "The_Blitz\n\nRegardless of the ability of the Luftwaffe to win air superiority, Adolf Hitler was frustrated that it was not happening quickly enough. With no sign of the RAF weakening, and Luftwaffe air fleets (Luftflotten) taking punishing losses, the OKL was keen for a change in strategy. To reduce losses furthe...
572f8892b2c2fd14005681c5	Which British city did the Luftwaffe focus its bombing on?	London	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIt was decided to focus on bombing Britain's industrial cities in daylight to begin with. The main focus of the bombing operations was against the city of London. The first major raid in this regard took place on 7 September. On 15 September, on a date known as the Battle of Britain Day, a large-scale...
572f8892b2c2fd14005681c6	What was the name of the large air raid that took place in daylight hours in Britain?	Battle of Britain Day	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIt was decided to focus on bombing Britain's industrial cities in daylight to begin with. The main focus of the bombing operations was against the city of London. The first major raid in this regard took place on 7 September. On 15 September, on a date known as the Battle of Britain Day, a large-scale...
572f8892b2c2fd14005681c7	What was the main reason the Luftwaffe was not able to cause extensive damage with their missions?	bomb-load limitations	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIt was decided to focus on bombing Britain's industrial cities in daylight to begin with. The main focus of the bombing operations was against the city of London. The first major raid in this regard took place on 7 September. On 15 September, on a date known as the Battle of Britain Day, a large-scale...
572f8892b2c2fd14005681c8	What kind of bombers was Germany not able to build?	four-engined bombers	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIt was decided to focus on bombing Britain's industrial cities in daylight to begin with. The main focus of the bombing operations was against the city of London. The first major raid in this regard took place on 7 September. On 15 September, on a date known as the Battle of Britain Day, a large-scale...
572f8b28b2c2fd14005681cd	Poor intelligence and what other problem made it difficult for the Luftwaffe to do extreme damage?	unclear strategy	[ "The_Blitz\n\nAlthough it had equipment capable of doing serious damage, the problem for the Luftwaffe was its unclear strategy and poor intelligence. OKL had not been informed that Britain was to be considered a potential opponent until early 1938. It had no time to gather reliable intelligence on Britain's indust...
572f8b28b2c2fd14005681ce	What year did the OKL become aware that Britain would be a possible target?	early 1938	[ "The_Blitz\n\nAlthough it had equipment capable of doing serious damage, the problem for the Luftwaffe was its unclear strategy and poor intelligence. OKL had not been informed that Britain was to be considered a potential opponent until early 1938. It had no time to gather reliable intelligence on Britain's indust...
572f8b28b2c2fd14005681cf	What disagreements did the Luftwaffe staff center around?	tactics	[ "The_Blitz\n\nAlthough it had equipment capable of doing serious damage, the problem for the Luftwaffe was its unclear strategy and poor intelligence. OKL had not been informed that Britain was to be considered a potential opponent until early 1938. It had no time to gather reliable intelligence on Britain's indust...
572f8b28b2c2fd14005681d0	What did the disputes between the staff cause to happen to the strategy against Britain?	failure before it began	[ "The_Blitz\n\nAlthough it had equipment capable of doing serious damage, the problem for the Luftwaffe was its unclear strategy and poor intelligence. OKL had not been informed that Britain was to be considered a potential opponent until early 1938. It had no time to gather reliable intelligence on Britain's indust...
572f9082a23a5019007fc75d	Coupled with British quick reactions what cause operational capacity hard to achieve?	limitations in weapons technology	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIn an operational capacity, limitations in weapons technology and quick British reactions were making it more difficult to achieve strategic effect. Attacking ports, shipping and imports as well as disrupting rail traffic in the surrounding areas, especially the distribution of coal, an important fuel...
572f9082a23a5019007fc75e	What was an important fuel in the Second World War?	coal	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIn an operational capacity, limitations in weapons technology and quick British reactions were making it more difficult to achieve strategic effect. Attacking ports, shipping and imports as well as disrupting rail traffic in the surrounding areas, especially the distribution of coal, an important fuel...
572f9082a23a5019007fc75f	What kind of bombs were effective in the beginning but became less so with time?	delayed-action bombs	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIn an operational capacity, limitations in weapons technology and quick British reactions were making it more difficult to achieve strategic effect. Attacking ports, shipping and imports as well as disrupting rail traffic in the surrounding areas, especially the distribution of coal, an important fuel...
572f9082a23a5019007fc760	What did Britain do that helped make the new strategy less effective?	dispersed its production facilities	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIn an operational capacity, limitations in weapons technology and quick British reactions were making it more difficult to achieve strategic effect. Attacking ports, shipping and imports as well as disrupting rail traffic in the surrounding areas, especially the distribution of coal, an important fuel...
572f9082a23a5019007fc761	Who was given permission to restore power and move supplies to keep the war moving?	Regional commissioners	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIn an operational capacity, limitations in weapons technology and quick British reactions were making it more difficult to achieve strategic effect. Attacking ports, shipping and imports as well as disrupting rail traffic in the surrounding areas, especially the distribution of coal, an important fuel...
572fa09004bcaa1900d76b13	How many casualties did the British government estimate for every ton of bombs dropped?	50	[ "The_Blitz\n\nBased on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London. The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop ...
572fa09004bcaa1900d76b14	As technology increased what was the amount of bombs that could be dropped in 1937 per day?	644	[ "The_Blitz\n\nBased on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London. The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop ...
572fa09004bcaa1900d76b15	What committee estimated that 60 days of attacks would result in 600,000 deaths?	Imperial Defence	[ "The_Blitz\n\nBased on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London. The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop ...
572fa09004bcaa1900d76b16	How many tons did experts expect Germany to drop in the first 24 hours of the war?	3,500	[ "The_Blitz\n\nBased on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London. The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop ...
572fa09004bcaa1900d76b17	Who was the military theorist in 1939 who said 250,000 deaths and injury could occur in the first week of war in Britian?	Basil Liddell-Hart	[ "The_Blitz\n\nBased on experience with German strategic bombing during World War I against the United Kingdom, the British government estimated after the war that 50 casualties— with about one third killed— would result for every tonne of bombs dropped on London. The estimate of tonnes of bombs an enemy could drop ...
572fa2e1a23a5019007fc7fb	What was the biggest fear aerial attacks would cause besides death and wounded?	psychological trauma	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIn addition to the dead and wounded, government leaders feared mass psychological trauma from aerial attack and a resulting collapse of civil society. A committee of psychiatrists reported to the government in 1938 that there would be three times as many mental as physical casualties from aerial bombi...
572fa2e1a23a5019007fc7fc	Psychiatrists believe in 1938 that mental trauma could reach how many millions?	three to four	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIn addition to the dead and wounded, government leaders feared mass psychological trauma from aerial attack and a resulting collapse of civil society. A committee of psychiatrists reported to the government in 1938 that there would be three times as many mental as physical casualties from aerial bombi...
572fa2e1a23a5019007fc7fd	Where did 150,000 migrate during the Munich crisis?	Wales	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIn addition to the dead and wounded, government leaders feared mass psychological trauma from aerial attack and a resulting collapse of civil society. A committee of psychiatrists reported to the government in 1938 that there would be three times as many mental as physical casualties from aerial bombi...
572fa2e1a23a5019007fc7fe	Who told Parliament that after long periods of attacks people would leave the cities for the country?	Winston Churchill	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIn addition to the dead and wounded, government leaders feared mass psychological trauma from aerial attack and a resulting collapse of civil society. A committee of psychiatrists reported to the government in 1938 that there would be three times as many mental as physical casualties from aerial bombi...
572fa4b4a23a5019007fc817	The government planned to evacuate 1.4 million from which city?	London	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe government planned to voluntarily evacuate four million people—mostly women and children—from urban areas, including 1.4 million from London. It expected about 90% of evacuees to stay in private homes, and conducted an extensive survey to determine available space. Detailed preparations for transp...
572fa4b4a23a5019007fc818	What trial took place on August 10 1939?	a blackout	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe government planned to voluntarily evacuate four million people—mostly women and children—from urban areas, including 1.4 million from London. It expected about 90% of evacuees to stay in private homes, and conducted an extensive survey to determine available space. Detailed preparations for transp...
572fa4b4a23a5019007fc819	How long were lights not allowed on after dark?	almost six years	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe government planned to voluntarily evacuate four million people—mostly women and children—from urban areas, including 1.4 million from London. It expected about 90% of evacuees to stay in private homes, and conducted an extensive survey to determine available space. Detailed preparations for transp...
572fa4b4a23a5019007fc81a	What was most unpopular affect of the war with civilians ?	the blackout	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe government planned to voluntarily evacuate four million people—mostly women and children—from urban areas, including 1.4 million from London. It expected about 90% of evacuees to stay in private homes, and conducted an extensive survey to determine available space. Detailed preparations for transp...
572fa4b4a23a5019007fc81b	Why did the government and civil service not want to relocate during the war?	damage civilian morale	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe government planned to voluntarily evacuate four million people—mostly women and children—from urban areas, including 1.4 million from London. It expected about 90% of evacuees to stay in private homes, and conducted an extensive survey to determine available space. Detailed preparations for transp...
572fa66704bcaa1900d76b39	What civil-defense efforts were left to local authorities to handle?	shelters	[ "The_Blitz\n\nMuch civil-defence preparation in the form of shelters was left in the hands of local authorities, and many areas such as Birmingham, Coventry, Belfast and the East End of London did not have enough shelters. The Phoney War, however, and the unexpected delay of civilian bombing permitted the shelter p...
572fa66704bcaa1900d76b3a	What year did the shelter program finish?	1940	[ "The_Blitz\n\nMuch civil-defence preparation in the form of shelters was left in the hands of local authorities, and many areas such as Birmingham, Coventry, Belfast and the East End of London did not have enough shelters. The Phoney War, however, and the unexpected delay of civilian bombing permitted the shelter p...
572fa66704bcaa1900d76b3b	Why were the shelters soon abandoned in 1940?	unsafe	[ "The_Blitz\n\nMuch civil-defence preparation in the form of shelters was left in the hands of local authorities, and many areas such as Birmingham, Coventry, Belfast and the East End of London did not have enough shelters. The Phoney War, however, and the unexpected delay of civilian bombing permitted the shelter p...
572fa66704bcaa1900d76b3c	Why were Londoners forced to sleep in shelters?	attacks by night	[ "The_Blitz\n\nMuch civil-defence preparation in the form of shelters was left in the hands of local authorities, and many areas such as Birmingham, Coventry, Belfast and the East End of London did not have enough shelters. The Phoney War, however, and the unexpected delay of civilian bombing permitted the shelter p...
572fa82fa23a5019007fc843	What kind of sentiment did the government fear would developed in large group shelters?	anti-war	[ "The_Blitz\n\nVery deeply buried shelters provided the most protection against a direct hit. The government did not build them for large populations before the war because of cost, time to build, and fears that their very safety would cause occupants to refuse to leave to return to work, or that anti-war sentiment ...
572fa82fa23a5019007fc844	Who did the government see as a leading advocate for building deep shelters?	the Communist Party's	[ "The_Blitz\n\nVery deeply buried shelters provided the most protection against a direct hit. The government did not build them for large populations before the war because of cost, time to build, and fears that their very safety would cause occupants to refuse to leave to return to work, or that anti-war sentiment ...
572fa82fa23a5019007fc845	What was the name of the Pact of August 1939?	Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact	[ "The_Blitz\n\nVery deeply buried shelters provided the most protection against a direct hit. The government did not build them for large populations before the war because of cost, time to build, and fears that their very safety would cause occupants to refuse to leave to return to work, or that anti-war sentiment ...
572faa6fb2c2fd14005682dd	Why did the government refuse to allow the London Underground stations to be used as shelters?	interfere with commuter and troop travel	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears...
572faa6fb2c2fd14005682de	Underground officials were ordered to lock the stations during raids but opened how long after the orders?	by the second week	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears...
572faa6fb2c2fd14005682df	In 1940 how many people were sleeping in the Underground stations?	150,000 a night	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears...
572faa6fb2c2fd14005682e0	Muffling the sound of batter made what easier in the Underground Stations?	sleep	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears...
572faa6fb2c2fd14005682e1	Why were many killed in Underground Stations?	direct hits	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe most important existing communal shelters were the London Underground stations. Although many civilians had used them as such during the First World War, the government in 1939 refused to allow the stations to be used as shelters so as not to interfere with commuter and troop travel, and the fears...
572fabd004bcaa1900d76ba9	What was the largest number to use Underground shelters in September 27, 1940?	177,000	[ "The_Blitz\n\nCommunal shelters never housed more than one seventh of Greater London residents, however. Peak use of the Underground as shelter was 177,000 on 27 September 1940, and a November 1940 census of London found that about 4% of residents used the Tube and other large shelters; 9% in public surface shelter...
572fabd004bcaa1900d76baa	In 1940 what percentage used the Tube for a sleeping shelter?	4%	[ "The_Blitz\n\nCommunal shelters never housed more than one seventh of Greater London residents, however. Peak use of the Underground as shelter was 177,000 on 27 September 1940, and a November 1940 census of London found that about 4% of residents used the Tube and other large shelters; 9% in public surface shelter...
572fabd004bcaa1900d76bab	Where did 60% of populations stay?	at home	[ "The_Blitz\n\nCommunal shelters never housed more than one seventh of Greater London residents, however. Peak use of the Underground as shelter was 177,000 on 27 September 1940, and a November 1940 census of London found that about 4% of residents used the Tube and other large shelters; 9% in public surface shelter...
572fabd004bcaa1900d76bac	What year did the government start giving out Morrison shelters?	1941	[ "The_Blitz\n\nCommunal shelters never housed more than one seventh of Greater London residents, however. Peak use of the Underground as shelter was 177,000 on 27 September 1940, and a November 1940 census of London found that about 4% of residents used the Tube and other large shelters; 9% in public surface shelter...
572fabd004bcaa1900d76bad	Where could the Morrison shelters be used?	inside homes	[ "The_Blitz\n\nCommunal shelters never housed more than one seventh of Greater London residents, however. Peak use of the Underground as shelter was 177,000 on 27 September 1940, and a November 1940 census of London found that about 4% of residents used the Tube and other large shelters; 9% in public surface shelter...
572fad10b2c2fd140056830d	What year did the government start to build new deep shelters?	1940	[ "The_Blitz\n\nPublic demand caused the government in October 1940 to build new deep shelters:189–190 within the Underground to hold 80,000 people but were not completed until the period of heaviest bombing had passed. By the end of 1940 significant improvements had been made in the Underground and in many other lar...
572fad10b2c2fd140056830e	How many people were the new shelters going to hold?	80,000	[ "The_Blitz\n\nPublic demand caused the government in October 1940 to build new deep shelters:189–190 within the Underground to hold 80,000 people but were not completed until the period of heaviest bombing had passed. By the end of 1940 significant improvements had been made in the Underground and in many other lar...
572fad10b2c2fd140056830f	What helped cut down time standing in the queue for shelters?	Tickets	[ "The_Blitz\n\nPublic demand caused the government in October 1940 to build new deep shelters:189–190 within the Underground to hold 80,000 people but were not completed until the period of heaviest bombing had passed. By the end of 1940 significant improvements had been made in the Underground and in many other lar...
572fad10b2c2fd1400568310	Which two groups help improve life in the shelters?	British Red Cross and the Salvation Army	[ "The_Blitz\n\nPublic demand caused the government in October 1940 to build new deep shelters:189–190 within the Underground to hold 80,000 people but were not completed until the period of heaviest bombing had passed. By the end of 1940 significant improvements had been made in the Underground and in many other lar...
572fad10b2c2fd1400568311	What kind of trains provided food in the shelters?	canteen	[ "The_Blitz\n\nPublic demand caused the government in October 1940 to build new deep shelters:189–190 within the Underground to hold 80,000 people but were not completed until the period of heaviest bombing had passed. By the end of 1940 significant improvements had been made in the Underground and in many other lar...
572faedf947a6a140053cb72	With the intense bomb what did not happen as great as prewar predictions expected?	psychiatric crisis	[ "The_Blitz\n\nAlthough the intensity of the bombing was not as great as prewar expectations so an equal comparison is impossible, no psychiatric crisis occurred because of the Blitz even during the period of greatest bombing of September 1940. An American witness wrote \"By every test and measure I am able to apply...
572faedf947a6a140053cb73	What witness wrote that these people are staunch to the bone and won't quit?	American	[ "The_Blitz\n\nAlthough the intensity of the bombing was not as great as prewar expectations so an equal comparison is impossible, no psychiatric crisis occurred because of the Blitz even during the period of greatest bombing of September 1940. An American witness wrote \"By every test and measure I am able to apply...
572faedf947a6a140053cb74	People called the raids very blitzy like they were talking about what?	weather	[ "The_Blitz\n\nAlthough the intensity of the bombing was not as great as prewar expectations so an equal comparison is impossible, no psychiatric crisis occurred because of the Blitz even during the period of greatest bombing of September 1940. An American witness wrote \"By every test and measure I am able to apply...
572fb0a5b2c2fd140056835b	Anne Freud and Edward Glover said London civilians did not suffer from what?	widespread shell shock	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIngersoll added that, according to Anna Freud and Edward Glover, London civilians surprisingly did not suffer from widespread shell shock, unlike the soldiers in the Dunkirk evacuation.:114,117–118 The psychoanalysts were correct, and the special network of psychiatric clinics opened to receive mental...
572fb0a5b2c2fd140056835c	Why did the psychiatric clinics close?	lack of need	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIngersoll added that, according to Anna Freud and Edward Glover, London civilians surprisingly did not suffer from widespread shell shock, unlike the soldiers in the Dunkirk evacuation.:114,117–118 The psychoanalysts were correct, and the special network of psychiatric clinics opened to receive mental...
572fb0a5b2c2fd140056835d	What two things declined during the attacks in Britain?	suicides and drunkenness	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIngersoll added that, according to Anna Freud and Edward Glover, London civilians surprisingly did not suffer from widespread shell shock, unlike the soldiers in the Dunkirk evacuation.:114,117–118 The psychoanalysts were correct, and the special network of psychiatric clinics opened to receive mental...
572fb0a5b2c2fd140056835e	The entire country was being attack and Glover believe it help people to do what?	accept and deal	[ "The_Blitz\n\nIngersoll added that, according to Anna Freud and Edward Glover, London civilians surprisingly did not suffer from widespread shell shock, unlike the soldiers in the Dunkirk evacuation.:114,117–118 The psychoanalysts were correct, and the special network of psychiatric clinics opened to receive mental...
572fba92a23a5019007fc8e3	What drink was never rationed?	beer	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe cheerful crowds visiting bomb sites were so large they interfered with rescue work, pub visits increased in number (beer was never rationed), and 13,000 attended cricket at Lord's. People left shelters when told instead of refusing to leave, although many housewives reportedly enjoyed the break fr...
572fba92a23a5019007fc8e4	How many people attended cricket at Lord's?	13,000	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe cheerful crowds visiting bomb sites were so large they interfered with rescue work, pub visits increased in number (beer was never rationed), and 13,000 attended cricket at Lord's. People left shelters when told instead of refusing to leave, although many housewives reportedly enjoyed the break fr...
572fba92a23a5019007fc8e5	What percent of Briton's expected to lose the war?	3%	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe cheerful crowds visiting bomb sites were so large they interfered with rescue work, pub visits increased in number (beer was never rationed), and 13,000 attended cricket at Lord's. People left shelters when told instead of refusing to leave, although many housewives reportedly enjoyed the break fr...
572fba92a23a5019007fc8e6	What was Churchill's highest rating?	89%	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe cheerful crowds visiting bomb sites were so large they interfered with rescue work, pub visits increased in number (beer was never rationed), and 13,000 attended cricket at Lord's. People left shelters when told instead of refusing to leave, although many housewives reportedly enjoyed the break fr...
572fba92a23a5019007fc8e7	What were Spitfire Funds used for?	to build fighters	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe cheerful crowds visiting bomb sites were so large they interfered with rescue work, pub visits increased in number (beer was never rationed), and 13,000 attended cricket at Lord's. People left shelters when told instead of refusing to leave, although many housewives reportedly enjoyed the break fr...
572fbbdfb2c2fd14005683c1	What is ARP?	Air Raid Precautions	[ "The_Blitz\n\nThe civilians of London had an enormous role to play in the protection of their city. Many civilians who were unwilling or unable to join the military became members of the Home Guard, the Air Raid Precautions service (ARP), the Auxiliary Fire Service, and many other organisations. The AFS had 138,000...

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