id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
572f7858a23a5019007fc658 | What could a criminal in this era expect not to happen if he was convicted of a crime? | criminals were never imprisoned | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nVarious cases for rape, physical abuse and murder were prosecuted in court. Women, although usually having fewer rights by custom, were allowed to level civil and criminal charges against men. While suspects were jailed, convicted criminals were never imprisoned. Instead, punishments were commonly m... |
572f7858a23a5019007fc659 | What did women commonly have less of? | rights | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nVarious cases for rape, physical abuse and murder were prosecuted in court. Women, although usually having fewer rights by custom, were allowed to level civil and criminal charges against men. While suspects were jailed, convicted criminals were never imprisoned. Instead, punishments were commonly m... |
572f79b4a23a5019007fc669 | What type of crop was rice considered to be during this period? | staple crops | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe most common staple crops consumed during Han were wheat, barley, foxtail millet, proso millet, rice, and beans. Commonly eaten fruits and vegetables included chestnuts, pears, plums, peaches, melons, apricots, strawberries, red bayberries, jujubes, calabash, bamboo shoots, mustard plant and taro... |
572f79b4a23a5019007fc66a | What were dogs in this era most likely to be considered? | pets | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe most common staple crops consumed during Han were wheat, barley, foxtail millet, proso millet, rice, and beans. Commonly eaten fruits and vegetables included chestnuts, pears, plums, peaches, melons, apricots, strawberries, red bayberries, jujubes, calabash, bamboo shoots, mustard plant and taro... |
572f79b4a23a5019007fc66b | What type of partridge was commonly consumed? | Chinese bamboo | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe most common staple crops consumed during Han were wheat, barley, foxtail millet, proso millet, rice, and beans. Commonly eaten fruits and vegetables included chestnuts, pears, plums, peaches, melons, apricots, strawberries, red bayberries, jujubes, calabash, bamboo shoots, mustard plant and taro... |
572f79b4a23a5019007fc66c | Where were turtles acquired from? | streams and lakes | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe most common staple crops consumed during Han were wheat, barley, foxtail millet, proso millet, rice, and beans. Commonly eaten fruits and vegetables included chestnuts, pears, plums, peaches, melons, apricots, strawberries, red bayberries, jujubes, calabash, bamboo shoots, mustard plant and taro... |
572f79b4a23a5019007fc66d | What was the color of the bayberries? | red | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe most common staple crops consumed during Han were wheat, barley, foxtail millet, proso millet, rice, and beans. Commonly eaten fruits and vegetables included chestnuts, pears, plums, peaches, melons, apricots, strawberries, red bayberries, jujubes, calabash, bamboo shoots, mustard plant and taro... |
572f7b06b2c2fd1400568173 | What type of decoration was often seen in tombs? | hollow clay tiles | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nFamilies throughout Han China made ritual sacrifices of animals and food to deities, spirits, and ancestors at temples and shrines, in the belief that these items could be utilized by those in the spiritual realm. It was thought that each person had a two-part soul: the spirit-soul (hun 魂) which jou... |
572f7b06b2c2fd1400568174 | What could be used to prevent a door from closing in a place of burial? | hollow clay tiles | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nFamilies throughout Han China made ritual sacrifices of animals and food to deities, spirits, and ancestors at temples and shrines, in the belief that these items could be utilized by those in the spiritual realm. It was thought that each person had a two-part soul: the spirit-soul (hun 魂) which jou... |
572f7b06b2c2fd1400568175 | What was the afterlife of the immortals called during this period? | xian | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nFamilies throughout Han China made ritual sacrifices of animals and food to deities, spirits, and ancestors at temples and shrines, in the belief that these items could be utilized by those in the spiritual realm. It was thought that each person had a two-part soul: the spirit-soul (hun 魂) which jou... |
572f7b06b2c2fd1400568176 | What is the commonly held notion regarding the dual nature of the soul called? | two-part soul | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nFamilies throughout Han China made ritual sacrifices of animals and food to deities, spirits, and ancestors at temples and shrines, in the belief that these items could be utilized by those in the spiritual realm. It was thought that each person had a two-part soul: the spirit-soul (hun 魂) which jou... |
572f7b06b2c2fd1400568177 | What function did the holes in the top and bottom of the tomb tiles enable them to do? | allowing it to pivot | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nFamilies throughout Han China made ritual sacrifices of animals and food to deities, spirits, and ancestors at temples and shrines, in the belief that these items could be utilized by those in the spiritual realm. It was thought that each person had a two-part soul: the spirit-soul (hun 魂) which jou... |
572f7c53947a6a140053c9aa | Who made sacrifices to the main deities in this period? | the emperor | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn addition to his many other roles, the emperor acted as the highest priest in the land who made sacrifices to Heaven, the main deities known as the Five Powers, and the spirits (shen 神) of mountains and rivers. It was believed that the three realms of Heaven, Earth, and Mankind were linked by natu... |
572f7c53947a6a140053c9ab | What type of geological event was feared could be caused by the morals of the emperor? | earthquakes | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn addition to his many other roles, the emperor acted as the highest priest in the land who made sacrifices to Heaven, the main deities known as the Five Powers, and the spirits (shen 神) of mountains and rivers. It was believed that the three realms of Heaven, Earth, and Mankind were linked by natu... |
572f7c53947a6a140053c9ac | What is another term that could be used to label the main deities? | the Five Powers | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn addition to his many other roles, the emperor acted as the highest priest in the land who made sacrifices to Heaven, the main deities known as the Five Powers, and the spirits (shen 神) of mountains and rivers. It was believed that the three realms of Heaven, Earth, and Mankind were linked by natu... |
572f7c53947a6a140053c9ad | How many realms were commonly thought of as being linked by a natural cycle? | three realms | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn addition to his many other roles, the emperor acted as the highest priest in the land who made sacrifices to Heaven, the main deities known as the Five Powers, and the spirits (shen 神) of mountains and rivers. It was believed that the three realms of Heaven, Earth, and Mankind were linked by natu... |
572f7c53947a6a140053c9ae | What type of swarm was a concern because of the emperor's ethics? | locusts | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn addition to his many other roles, the emperor acted as the highest priest in the land who made sacrifices to Heaven, the main deities known as the Five Powers, and the spirits (shen 神) of mountains and rivers. It was believed that the three realms of Heaven, Earth, and Mankind were linked by natu... |
572f7de2947a6a140053c9c8 | What was the purpose of breathing exercises to a Daoist? | achieve immortality | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIt was believed that immortality could be achieved if one reached the lands of the Queen Mother of the West or Mount Penglai. Han-era Daoists assembled into small groups of hermits who attempted to achieve immortality through breathing exercises, sexual techniques and use of medical elixirs. By the ... |
572f7de2947a6a140053c9c9 | What type of religion did the society of the Way of the Five Pecks of Rice practice? | Daoists | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIt was believed that immortality could be achieved if one reached the lands of the Queen Mother of the West or Mount Penglai. Han-era Daoists assembled into small groups of hermits who attempted to achieve immortality through breathing exercises, sexual techniques and use of medical elixirs. By the ... |
572f7de2947a6a140053c9ca | What could the prophet Laozi offer in return for the confession of sins? | salvation and good health | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIt was believed that immortality could be achieved if one reached the lands of the Queen Mother of the West or Mount Penglai. Han-era Daoists assembled into small groups of hermits who attempted to achieve immortality through breathing exercises, sexual techniques and use of medical elixirs. By the ... |
572f7de2947a6a140053c9cb | What literal work were followers of Laozi expected to chant? | Daodejing | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIt was believed that immortality could be achieved if one reached the lands of the Queen Mother of the West or Mount Penglai. Han-era Daoists assembled into small groups of hermits who attempted to achieve immortality through breathing exercises, sexual techniques and use of medical elixirs. By the ... |
572f7de2947a6a140053c9cc | What could be earned if an individual had reached the lands of the Queen Mother of the West? | immortality | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIt was believed that immortality could be achieved if one reached the lands of the Queen Mother of the West or Mount Penglai. Han-era Daoists assembled into small groups of hermits who attempted to achieve immortality through breathing exercises, sexual techniques and use of medical elixirs. By the ... |
572f809da23a5019007fc6a3 | During was era did Buddhism first appear in the region? | Eastern Han | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nBuddhism first entered China during the Eastern Han and was first mentioned in 65 AD. Liu Ying (d. 71 AD), a half-brother to Emperor Ming of Han (r. 57–75 AD), was one of its earliest Chinese adherents, although Chinese Buddhism at this point was heavily associated with Huang-Lao Daoism. China's fir... |
572f809da23a5019007fc6a4 | When did Emperor Ming of Han's reign end? | 75 AD | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nBuddhism first entered China during the Eastern Han and was first mentioned in 65 AD. Liu Ying (d. 71 AD), a half-brother to Emperor Ming of Han (r. 57–75 AD), was one of its earliest Chinese adherents, although Chinese Buddhism at this point was heavily associated with Huang-Lao Daoism. China's fir... |
572f809da23a5019007fc6a5 | What philosophical practice did Liu Ying believe in? | Buddhism | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nBuddhism first entered China during the Eastern Han and was first mentioned in 65 AD. Liu Ying (d. 71 AD), a half-brother to Emperor Ming of Han (r. 57–75 AD), was one of its earliest Chinese adherents, although Chinese Buddhism at this point was heavily associated with Huang-Lao Daoism. China's fir... |
572f809da23a5019007fc6a6 | What is believed to be the first Buddhist temple in this area? | the White Horse Temple | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nBuddhism first entered China during the Eastern Han and was first mentioned in 65 AD. Liu Ying (d. 71 AD), a half-brother to Emperor Ming of Han (r. 57–75 AD), was one of its earliest Chinese adherents, although Chinese Buddhism at this point was heavily associated with Huang-Lao Daoism. China's fir... |
572f809da23a5019007fc6a7 | During which century were important Buddhist notions translated to Chinese? | 2nd century AD | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nBuddhism first entered China during the Eastern Han and was first mentioned in 65 AD. Liu Ying (d. 71 AD), a half-brother to Emperor Ming of Han (r. 57–75 AD), was one of its earliest Chinese adherents, although Chinese Buddhism at this point was heavily associated with Huang-Lao Daoism. China's fir... |
572f827604bcaa1900d76a41 | Who was responsible for nominations of local administrators in the government? | the emperor | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn Han government, the emperor was the supreme judge and lawgiver, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and sole designator of official nominees appointed to the top posts in central and local administrations; those who earned a 600-dan salary-rank or higher. Theoretically, there were no limit... |
572f827604bcaa1900d76a42 | Was the emperor able to reject an opinion that was made by the court conference? | sometimes did reject the majority opinion | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn Han government, the emperor was the supreme judge and lawgiver, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and sole designator of official nominees appointed to the top posts in central and local administrations; those who earned a 600-dan salary-rank or higher. Theoretically, there were no limit... |
572f827604bcaa1900d76a43 | Who often placed pressure on the emperor in regards to local policies? | court conference | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn Han government, the emperor was the supreme judge and lawgiver, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and sole designator of official nominees appointed to the top posts in central and local administrations; those who earned a 600-dan salary-rank or higher. Theoretically, there were no limit... |
572f827604bcaa1900d76a44 | What did the emperor risk if he did not accept the decisions of the court conference? | alienating his high ministers | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn Han government, the emperor was the supreme judge and lawgiver, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and sole designator of official nominees appointed to the top posts in central and local administrations; those who earned a 600-dan salary-rank or higher. Theoretically, there were no limit... |
572f827604bcaa1900d76a45 | Who was considered to be the supreme judge in Han government? | the emperor | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn Han government, the emperor was the supreme judge and lawgiver, the commander-in-chief of the armed forces and sole designator of official nominees appointed to the top posts in central and local administrations; those who earned a 600-dan salary-rank or higher. Theoretically, there were no limit... |
572f8446947a6a140053ca04 | Which individual had a duty to maintain the imperial stables? | The Minister Coachman | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nRanked below the Three Councillors of State were the Nine Ministers, who each headed a specialized ministry. The Minister of Ceremonies was the chief official in charge of religious rites, rituals, prayers and the maintenance of ancestral temples and altars. The Minister of the Household was in char... |
572f8446947a6a140053ca05 | Which Minister had the responsibility to interpret laws in this period? | The Minister of Justice | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nRanked below the Three Councillors of State were the Nine Ministers, who each headed a specialized ministry. The Minister of Ceremonies was the chief official in charge of religious rites, rituals, prayers and the maintenance of ancestral temples and altars. The Minister of the Household was in char... |
572f8446947a6a140053ca06 | Which Minister could an honored guest of the court be expected to see? | The Minister Herald | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nRanked below the Three Councillors of State were the Nine Ministers, who each headed a specialized ministry. The Minister of Ceremonies was the chief official in charge of religious rites, rituals, prayers and the maintenance of ancestral temples and altars. The Minister of the Household was in char... |
572f8446947a6a140053ca07 | Who provided the emperor with sustenance and medical aid? | The Minister Steward | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nRanked below the Three Councillors of State were the Nine Ministers, who each headed a specialized ministry. The Minister of Ceremonies was the chief official in charge of religious rites, rituals, prayers and the maintenance of ancestral temples and altars. The Minister of the Household was in char... |
572f8446947a6a140053ca08 | Which individual held the responsibility to oversee the interactions of the empire's nobles with the court? | The Minister of the Imperial Clan | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nRanked below the Three Councillors of State were the Nine Ministers, who each headed a specialized ministry. The Minister of Ceremonies was the chief official in charge of religious rites, rituals, prayers and the maintenance of ancestral temples and altars. The Minister of the Household was in char... |
572f87eba23a5019007fc6f9 | What individual was typically in charge of a commandery? | an Administrator | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nA commandery consisted of a group of counties, and was headed by an Administrator. He was the top civil and military leader of the commandery and handled defense, lawsuits, seasonal instructions to farmers and recommendations of nominees for office sent annually to the capital in a quota system firs... |
572f87eba23a5019007fc6fa | Around how many households was a Prefect responsible for? | 10,000 | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nA commandery consisted of a group of counties, and was headed by an Administrator. He was the top civil and military leader of the commandery and handled defense, lawsuits, seasonal instructions to farmers and recommendations of nominees for office sent annually to the capital in a quota system firs... |
572f87eba23a5019007fc6fb | What individual was responsible for law and maintaining order in the county? | A Magistrate | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nA commandery consisted of a group of counties, and was headed by an Administrator. He was the top civil and military leader of the commandery and handled defense, lawsuits, seasonal instructions to farmers and recommendations of nominees for office sent annually to the capital in a quota system firs... |
572f87eba23a5019007fc6fc | What Emperor initially created the quota system? | Emperor Wu | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nA commandery consisted of a group of counties, and was headed by an Administrator. He was the top civil and military leader of the commandery and handled defense, lawsuits, seasonal instructions to farmers and recommendations of nominees for office sent annually to the capital in a quota system firs... |
572f87eba23a5019007fc6fd | Who was in charge of counties that had fewer than 10,000 people in them? | Chiefs | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nA commandery consisted of a group of counties, and was headed by an Administrator. He was the top civil and military leader of the commandery and handled defense, lawsuits, seasonal instructions to farmers and recommendations of nominees for office sent annually to the capital in a quota system firs... |
572f8918947a6a140053ca3a | What gender was expected to be conscripted into the military? | male | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nAt the beginning of the Han dynasty, every male commoner aged twenty-three was liable for conscription into the military. The minimum age for the military draft was reduced to twenty after Emperor Zhao's (r. 87–74 BC) reign. Conscripted soldiers underwent one year of training and one year of service... |
572f8918947a6a140053ca3b | At what age could a male common expect to be conscripted into the military? | twenty-three | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nAt the beginning of the Han dynasty, every male commoner aged twenty-three was liable for conscription into the military. The minimum age for the military draft was reduced to twenty after Emperor Zhao's (r. 87–74 BC) reign. Conscripted soldiers underwent one year of training and one year of service... |
572f8918947a6a140053ca3c | How long could a conscripted soldier expect to be in training for? | one year | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nAt the beginning of the Han dynasty, every male commoner aged twenty-three was liable for conscription into the military. The minimum age for the military draft was reduced to twenty after Emperor Zhao's (r. 87–74 BC) reign. Conscripted soldiers underwent one year of training and one year of service... |
572f8918947a6a140053ca3d | What was the lowest age a soldier could be conscripted after the end of Emperor Zhao's tenure? | twenty | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nAt the beginning of the Han dynasty, every male commoner aged twenty-three was liable for conscription into the military. The minimum age for the military draft was reduced to twenty after Emperor Zhao's (r. 87–74 BC) reign. Conscripted soldiers underwent one year of training and one year of service... |
572f8918947a6a140053ca3e | Which Minister could a conscripted soldier expect to serve under during his year of service? | Minister of the Guards | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nAt the beginning of the Han dynasty, every male commoner aged twenty-three was liable for conscription into the military. The minimum age for the military draft was reduced to twenty after Emperor Zhao's (r. 87–74 BC) reign. Conscripted soldiers underwent one year of training and one year of service... |
572f8f36a23a5019007fc753 | How could conscription into military service be avoided? | one paid a commutable tax | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nDuring the Eastern Han, conscription could be avoided if one paid a commutable tax. The Eastern Han court favored the recruitment of a volunteer army. The volunteer army comprised the Southern Army (Nanjun 南軍), while the standing army stationed in and near the capital was the Northern Army (Beijun 北... |
572f8f36a23a5019007fc754 | What army was based near the capital? | Northern Army | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nDuring the Eastern Han, conscription could be avoided if one paid a commutable tax. The Eastern Han court favored the recruitment of a volunteer army. The volunteer army comprised the Southern Army (Nanjun 南軍), while the standing army stationed in and near the capital was the Northern Army (Beijun 北... |
572f8f36a23a5019007fc755 | What army was considered to be the volunteer army? | Southern Army | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nDuring the Eastern Han, conscription could be avoided if one paid a commutable tax. The Eastern Han court favored the recruitment of a volunteer army. The volunteer army comprised the Southern Army (Nanjun 南軍), while the standing army stationed in and near the capital was the Northern Army (Beijun 北... |
572f8f36a23a5019007fc756 | How many regiments were in the Northern Army? | five | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nDuring the Eastern Han, conscription could be avoided if one paid a commutable tax. The Eastern Han court favored the recruitment of a volunteer army. The volunteer army comprised the Southern Army (Nanjun 南軍), while the standing army stationed in and near the capital was the Northern Army (Beijun 北... |
572f8f36a23a5019007fc757 | Around how many soldiers were in each regiment of the Northern Army? | several thousand soldiers | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nDuring the Eastern Han, conscription could be avoided if one paid a commutable tax. The Eastern Han court favored the recruitment of a volunteer army. The volunteer army comprised the Southern Army (Nanjun 南軍), while the standing army stationed in and near the capital was the Northern Army (Beijun 北... |
572f90a604bcaa1900d76a83 | Where did the Han dynasty receive their coin type from? | the Qin | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe Han dynasty inherited the ban liang coin type from the Qin. In the beginning of the Han, Emperor Gaozu closed the government mint in favor of private minting of coins. This decision was reversed in 186 BC by his widow Grand Empress Dowager Lü Zhi (d. 180 BC), who abolished private minting. In 18... |
572f90a604bcaa1900d76a84 | Who closed the government mint? | Emperor Gaozu | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe Han dynasty inherited the ban liang coin type from the Qin. In the beginning of the Han, Emperor Gaozu closed the government mint in favor of private minting of coins. This decision was reversed in 186 BC by his widow Grand Empress Dowager Lü Zhi (d. 180 BC), who abolished private minting. In 18... |
572f90a604bcaa1900d76a85 | In what year was the decision reversing the closure of the government mint implemented? | 186 BC | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe Han dynasty inherited the ban liang coin type from the Qin. In the beginning of the Han, Emperor Gaozu closed the government mint in favor of private minting of coins. This decision was reversed in 186 BC by his widow Grand Empress Dowager Lü Zhi (d. 180 BC), who abolished private minting. In 18... |
572f90a604bcaa1900d76a86 | Who released new lighter coinage that caused significant amounts of inflation because of it's weight? | Lü Zhi | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe Han dynasty inherited the ban liang coin type from the Qin. In the beginning of the Han, Emperor Gaozu closed the government mint in favor of private minting of coins. This decision was reversed in 186 BC by his widow Grand Empress Dowager Lü Zhi (d. 180 BC), who abolished private minting. In 18... |
572f90a604bcaa1900d76a87 | In what year were private manufactures allowed to create coins that were exactly 2.6g in mass? | 175 BC | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe Han dynasty inherited the ban liang coin type from the Qin. In the beginning of the Han, Emperor Gaozu closed the government mint in favor of private minting of coins. This decision was reversed in 186 BC by his widow Grand Empress Dowager Lü Zhi (d. 180 BC), who abolished private minting. In 18... |
572f91f3a23a5019007fc77b | Who introduced new coinage in the year of 120 BC? | Emperor Wu | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn 144 BC Emperor Jing abolished private minting in favor of central-government and commandery-level minting; he also introduced a new coin. Emperor Wu introduced another in 120 BC, but a year later he abandoned the ban liangs entirely in favor of the wuzhu (五銖) coin, weighing 3.2 g (0.11 oz). The w... |
572f91f3a23a5019007fc77c | What coin replaced the ban liangs after only a year of distribution? | wuzhu | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn 144 BC Emperor Jing abolished private minting in favor of central-government and commandery-level minting; he also introduced a new coin. Emperor Wu introduced another in 120 BC, but a year later he abandoned the ban liangs entirely in favor of the wuzhu (五銖) coin, weighing 3.2 g (0.11 oz). The w... |
572f91f3a23a5019007fc77d | During what dynasty did the wuzhu stop being the standard coin? | Tang dynasty | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn 144 BC Emperor Jing abolished private minting in favor of central-government and commandery-level minting; he also introduced a new coin. Emperor Wu introduced another in 120 BC, but a year later he abandoned the ban liangs entirely in favor of the wuzhu (五銖) coin, weighing 3.2 g (0.11 oz). The w... |
572f91f3a23a5019007fc77e | What was the mass of the wuzhu coin? | 3.2 g | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn 144 BC Emperor Jing abolished private minting in favor of central-government and commandery-level minting; he also introduced a new coin. Emperor Wu introduced another in 120 BC, but a year later he abandoned the ban liangs entirely in favor of the wuzhu (五銖) coin, weighing 3.2 g (0.11 oz). The w... |
572f91f3a23a5019007fc77f | What interrupted the use of the wuzhu coin during the reign of Wang Mang? | several new currencies | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn 144 BC Emperor Jing abolished private minting in favor of central-government and commandery-level minting; he also introduced a new coin. Emperor Wu introduced another in 120 BC, but a year later he abandoned the ban liangs entirely in favor of the wuzhu (五銖) coin, weighing 3.2 g (0.11 oz). The w... |
572f9394a23a5019007fc78f | Which group made up the bulk of the Han tax base? | landowner-cultivators | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe small landowner-cultivators formed the majority of the Han tax base; this revenue was threatened during the latter half of Eastern Han when many peasants fell into debt and were forced to work as farming tenants for wealthy landlords. The Han government enacted reforms in order to keep small lan... |
572f9394a23a5019007fc790 | Who made reductions in the taxes that landowner-cultivators were forced to pay? | The Han government | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe small landowner-cultivators formed the majority of the Han tax base; this revenue was threatened during the latter half of Eastern Han when many peasants fell into debt and were forced to work as farming tenants for wealthy landlords. The Han government enacted reforms in order to keep small lan... |
572f9394a23a5019007fc791 | During what period did a large number of peasants incur debt? | Eastern Han | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe small landowner-cultivators formed the majority of the Han tax base; this revenue was threatened during the latter half of Eastern Han when many peasants fell into debt and were forced to work as farming tenants for wealthy landlords. The Han government enacted reforms in order to keep small lan... |
572f9394a23a5019007fc792 | What type of housing did the Han government provide to landless indebted peasants? | temporary | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe small landowner-cultivators formed the majority of the Han tax base; this revenue was threatened during the latter half of Eastern Han when many peasants fell into debt and were forced to work as farming tenants for wealthy landlords. The Han government enacted reforms in order to keep small lan... |
572f9394a23a5019007fc793 | What did the Han government do to help out smaller landowners? | enacted reforms | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe small landowner-cultivators formed the majority of the Han tax base; this revenue was threatened during the latter half of Eastern Han when many peasants fell into debt and were forced to work as farming tenants for wealthy landlords. The Han government enacted reforms in order to keep small lan... |
572f95d004bcaa1900d76aab | In which year did Emperor Wu monopolize several industries? | 117 BC | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn the early Western Han, a wealthy salt or iron industrialist, whether a semi-autonomous king or wealthy merchant, could boast funds that rivaled the imperial treasury and amass a peasant workforce of over a thousand. This kept many peasants away from their farms and denied the government a signifi... |
572f95d004bcaa1900d76aac | Who allowed industrialists to become officials in the newly state sanctioned industries? | Emperor Wu | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn the early Western Han, a wealthy salt or iron industrialist, whether a semi-autonomous king or wealthy merchant, could boast funds that rivaled the imperial treasury and amass a peasant workforce of over a thousand. This kept many peasants away from their farms and denied the government a signifi... |
572f95d004bcaa1900d76aad | During what period did the governmental monopolies become privatized once again? | Eastern Han | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn the early Western Han, a wealthy salt or iron industrialist, whether a semi-autonomous king or wealthy merchant, could boast funds that rivaled the imperial treasury and amass a peasant workforce of over a thousand. This kept many peasants away from their farms and denied the government a signifi... |
572f95d004bcaa1900d76aae | What did Emperor Wu do to negate the influence of private entrepreneurs? | nationalized the salt and iron industries | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn the early Western Han, a wealthy salt or iron industrialist, whether a semi-autonomous king or wealthy merchant, could boast funds that rivaled the imperial treasury and amass a peasant workforce of over a thousand. This kept many peasants away from their farms and denied the government a signifi... |
572f95d004bcaa1900d76aaf | During what era could a wealthy iron industrialist be able to rival the treasury in funds? | Western Han | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nIn the early Western Han, a wealthy salt or iron industrialist, whether a semi-autonomous king or wealthy merchant, could boast funds that rivaled the imperial treasury and amass a peasant workforce of over a thousand. This kept many peasants away from their farms and denied the government a signifi... |
572f96f0947a6a140053ca98 | What industry was monopolized by the government in 98 BC? | Liquor | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nLiquor was another profitable private industry nationalized by the central government in 98 BC. However, this was repealed in 81 BC and a property tax rate of two coins for every 0.2 L (0.05 gallons) was levied for those who traded it privately. By 110 BC Emperor Wu also interfered with the profitab... |
572f96f0947a6a140053ca99 | In what year did the liquor industry once again become privatized? | 81 BC | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nLiquor was another profitable private industry nationalized by the central government in 98 BC. However, this was repealed in 81 BC and a property tax rate of two coins for every 0.2 L (0.05 gallons) was levied for those who traded it privately. By 110 BC Emperor Wu also interfered with the profitab... |
572f96f0947a6a140053ca9a | What was mostly missing during the Eastern Han? | price control regulations | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nLiquor was another profitable private industry nationalized by the central government in 98 BC. However, this was repealed in 81 BC and a property tax rate of two coins for every 0.2 L (0.05 gallons) was levied for those who traded it privately. By 110 BC Emperor Wu also interfered with the profitab... |
572f96f0947a6a140053ca9b | What did Emperor Wu sell that offended the merchants? | grain | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nLiquor was another profitable private industry nationalized by the central government in 98 BC. However, this was repealed in 81 BC and a property tax rate of two coins for every 0.2 L (0.05 gallons) was levied for those who traded it privately. By 110 BC Emperor Wu also interfered with the profitab... |
572f96f0947a6a140053ca9c | What office did Emperor Ming create? | Office for Price Adjustment and Stabilization | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nLiquor was another profitable private industry nationalized by the central government in 98 BC. However, this was repealed in 81 BC and a property tax rate of two coins for every 0.2 L (0.05 gallons) was levied for those who traded it privately. By 110 BC Emperor Wu also interfered with the profitab... |
572f9a2ba23a5019007fc7c9 | What type of furnace was functional in China in 722 BC? | blast | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nEvidence suggests that blast furnaces, that convert raw iron ore into pig iron, which can be remelted in a cupola furnace to produce cast iron by means of a cold blast and hot blast, were operational in China by the late Spring and Autumn period (722–481 BC). The bloomery was nonexistent in ancient ... |
572f9a2ba23a5019007fc7ca | What element was used in the production of wrought iron? | oxygen | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nEvidence suggests that blast furnaces, that convert raw iron ore into pig iron, which can be remelted in a cupola furnace to produce cast iron by means of a cold blast and hot blast, were operational in China by the late Spring and Autumn period (722–481 BC). The bloomery was nonexistent in ancient ... |
572f9a2ba23a5019007fc7cb | What type of iron could pig iron be converted into? | wrought | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nEvidence suggests that blast furnaces, that convert raw iron ore into pig iron, which can be remelted in a cupola furnace to produce cast iron by means of a cold blast and hot blast, were operational in China by the late Spring and Autumn period (722–481 BC). The bloomery was nonexistent in ancient ... |
572f9a2ba23a5019007fc7cc | What type of process was used to convert various metals into steel? | fining | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nEvidence suggests that blast furnaces, that convert raw iron ore into pig iron, which can be remelted in a cupola furnace to produce cast iron by means of a cold blast and hot blast, were operational in China by the late Spring and Autumn period (722–481 BC). The bloomery was nonexistent in ancient ... |
572f9a2ba23a5019007fc7cd | What can iron ore be converted into in a blast furnace? | pig iron | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nEvidence suggests that blast furnaces, that convert raw iron ore into pig iron, which can be remelted in a cupola furnace to produce cast iron by means of a cold blast and hot blast, were operational in China by the late Spring and Autumn period (722–481 BC). The bloomery was nonexistent in ancient ... |
572f9b7a04bcaa1900d76ad7 | What was an invention that allowed farmers to place their crops into rows? | The three-legged iron seed drill | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe Han-era Chinese used bronze and iron to make a range of weapons, culinary tools, carpenters' tools and domestic wares. A significant product of these improved iron-smelting techniques was the manufacture of new agricultural tools. The three-legged iron seed drill, invented by the 2nd century BC,... |
572f9b7a04bcaa1900d76ad8 | How many animals were neccessary to pull an iron plow? | two oxen | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe Han-era Chinese used bronze and iron to make a range of weapons, culinary tools, carpenters' tools and domestic wares. A significant product of these improved iron-smelting techniques was the manufacture of new agricultural tools. The three-legged iron seed drill, invented by the 2nd century BC,... |
572f9b7a04bcaa1900d76ad9 | How many acres of land could succesfully be sowed with a seed box in a day? | 11.3 acres | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe Han-era Chinese used bronze and iron to make a range of weapons, culinary tools, carpenters' tools and domestic wares. A significant product of these improved iron-smelting techniques was the manufacture of new agricultural tools. The three-legged iron seed drill, invented by the 2nd century BC,... |
572f9b7a04bcaa1900d76ada | What methodology allowed the production of new agricultural tools? | improved iron-smelting techniques | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe Han-era Chinese used bronze and iron to make a range of weapons, culinary tools, carpenters' tools and domestic wares. A significant product of these improved iron-smelting techniques was the manufacture of new agricultural tools. The three-legged iron seed drill, invented by the 2nd century BC,... |
572f9b7a04bcaa1900d76adb | How many persons were necessary to operate an iron plow? | one man | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThe Han-era Chinese used bronze and iron to make a range of weapons, culinary tools, carpenters' tools and domestic wares. A significant product of these improved iron-smelting techniques was the manufacture of new agricultural tools. The three-legged iron seed drill, invented by the 2nd century BC,... |
572f9cc104bcaa1900d76ae1 | What helped insure the safety of crops from wind? | the alternating fields system | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nTo protect crops from wind and drought, the Grain Intendant Zhao Guo (趙過) created the alternating fields system (daitianfa 代田法) during Emperor Wu's reign. This system switched the positions of furrows and ridges between growing seasons. Once experiments with this system yielded successful results, t... |
572f9cc104bcaa1900d76ae2 | What was the name of the system that for growing crops that did not require plows? | pit field system | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nTo protect crops from wind and drought, the Grain Intendant Zhao Guo (趙過) created the alternating fields system (daitianfa 代田法) during Emperor Wu's reign. This system switched the positions of furrows and ridges between growing seasons. Once experiments with this system yielded successful results, t... |
572f9cc104bcaa1900d76ae3 | What were paddy fields used for primarily to grow in smaller areas? | rice | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nTo protect crops from wind and drought, the Grain Intendant Zhao Guo (趙過) created the alternating fields system (daitianfa 代田法) during Emperor Wu's reign. This system switched the positions of furrows and ridges between growing seasons. Once experiments with this system yielded successful results, t... |
572f9cc104bcaa1900d76ae4 | What system did the government recommend the usage of? | alternating fields system | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nTo protect crops from wind and drought, the Grain Intendant Zhao Guo (趙過) created the alternating fields system (daitianfa 代田法) during Emperor Wu's reign. This system switched the positions of furrows and ridges between growing seasons. Once experiments with this system yielded successful results, t... |
572f9cc104bcaa1900d76ae5 | What was the name of the Grain Intendant? | Zhao Guo | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nTo protect crops from wind and drought, the Grain Intendant Zhao Guo (趙過) created the alternating fields system (daitianfa 代田法) during Emperor Wu's reign. This system switched the positions of furrows and ridges between growing seasons. Once experiments with this system yielded successful results, t... |
572f9e8204bcaa1900d76af5 | What building material was used primarily during the Han dynasty? | Timber | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nTimber was the chief building material during the Han dynasty; it was used to build palace halls, multi-story residential towers and halls and single-story houses. Because wood decays rapidly, the only remaining evidence of Han wooden architecture is a collection of scattered ceramic roof tiles. The... |
572f9e8204bcaa1900d76af6 | What dynasty can the oldest wooden buildings in China be dated to? | Tang | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nTimber was the chief building material during the Han dynasty; it was used to build palace halls, multi-story residential towers and halls and single-story houses. Because wood decays rapidly, the only remaining evidence of Han wooden architecture is a collection of scattered ceramic roof tiles. The... |
572f9e8204bcaa1900d76af7 | What is considered to be the last year of the Tang dynasty? | 907 AD | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nTimber was the chief building material during the Han dynasty; it was used to build palace halls, multi-story residential towers and halls and single-story houses. Because wood decays rapidly, the only remaining evidence of Han wooden architecture is a collection of scattered ceramic roof tiles. The... |
572f9e8204bcaa1900d76af8 | What type of object is the only evidence of Han's wooden constructions? | ceramic roof tiles | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nTimber was the chief building material during the Han dynasty; it was used to build palace halls, multi-story residential towers and halls and single-story houses. Because wood decays rapidly, the only remaining evidence of Han wooden architecture is a collection of scattered ceramic roof tiles. The... |
572f9e8204bcaa1900d76af9 | What was the primary component of a palace hall during the Han dynasty? | Timber | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nTimber was the chief building material during the Han dynasty; it was used to build palace halls, multi-story residential towers and halls and single-story houses. Because wood decays rapidly, the only remaining evidence of Han wooden architecture is a collection of scattered ceramic roof tiles. The... |
572f9ff2a23a5019007fc7dd | How many stone pillar-gates survive from the Han era? | twenty-nine | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThough Han wooden structures decayed, some Han-dynasty ruins made of brick, stone, and rammed earth remain intact. This includes stone pillar-gates, brick tomb chambers, rammed-earth city walls, rammed-earth and brick beacon towers, rammed-earth sections of the Great Wall, rammed-earth platforms whe... |
572f9ff2a23a5019007fc7de | What architectural feature contained an imitation of a balustrade? | stone pillar-gates | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThough Han wooden structures decayed, some Han-dynasty ruins made of brick, stone, and rammed earth remain intact. This includes stone pillar-gates, brick tomb chambers, rammed-earth city walls, rammed-earth and brick beacon towers, rammed-earth sections of the Great Wall, rammed-earth platforms whe... |
572f9ff2a23a5019007fc7df | What building material were tomb chambers constructed with? | brick | [
"Han_dynasty\n\nThough Han wooden structures decayed, some Han-dynasty ruins made of brick, stone, and rammed earth remain intact. This includes stone pillar-gates, brick tomb chambers, rammed-earth city walls, rammed-earth and brick beacon towers, rammed-earth sections of the Great Wall, rammed-earth platforms whe... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.