id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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572ead72cb0c0d14000f144a | What term indicates that the contents of the Quran cannot be reproduced in speech? | I'jaz | [
"Quran\n\nInimitability of the Quran (or \"I'jaz\") is the belief that no human speech can match the Quran in its content and form. The Quran is considered an inimitable miracle by Muslims, effective until the Day of Resurrection—and, thereby, the central proof granted to Muhammad in authentication of his prophetic... |
572ead72cb0c0d14000f144b | Until what day is the Quran believed to be in effect? | Day of Resurrection | [
"Quran\n\nInimitability of the Quran (or \"I'jaz\") is the belief that no human speech can match the Quran in its content and form. The Quran is considered an inimitable miracle by Muslims, effective until the Day of Resurrection—and, thereby, the central proof granted to Muhammad in authentication of his prophetic... |
572ead72cb0c0d14000f144c | In which year did the Medieval Muslim scholar al-Baqillani die? | 1013 | [
"Quran\n\nInimitability of the Quran (or \"I'jaz\") is the belief that no human speech can match the Quran in its content and form. The Quran is considered an inimitable miracle by Muslims, effective until the Day of Resurrection—and, thereby, the central proof granted to Muhammad in authentication of his prophetic... |
572ead72cb0c0d14000f144d | Which Muslim scholar studied the Quran's inimitability until his death in 1078? | al-Jurjani | [
"Quran\n\nInimitability of the Quran (or \"I'jaz\") is the belief that no human speech can match the Quran in its content and form. The Quran is considered an inimitable miracle by Muslims, effective until the Day of Resurrection—and, thereby, the central proof granted to Muhammad in authentication of his prophetic... |
572eae8bcb0c0d14000f1462 | What is a chapter of the Quran called? | sura | [
"Quran\n\nThe Quran consists of 114 chapters of varying lengths, each known as a sura. Suras are classified as Meccan or Medinan, depending on whether the verses were revealed before or after the migration of Muhammad to the city of Medina. However, a sura classified as Medinan may contain Meccan verses in it and v... |
572eae8bcb0c0d14000f1463 | How many suras are in the Quran? | 114 | [
"Quran\n\nThe Quran consists of 114 chapters of varying lengths, each known as a sura. Suras are classified as Meccan or Medinan, depending on whether the verses were revealed before or after the migration of Muhammad to the city of Medina. However, a sura classified as Medinan may contain Meccan verses in it and v... |
572eae8bcb0c0d14000f1464 | What two city-related categories divide the Quran's suras? | Meccan or Medinan | [
"Quran\n\nThe Quran consists of 114 chapters of varying lengths, each known as a sura. Suras are classified as Meccan or Medinan, depending on whether the verses were revealed before or after the migration of Muhammad to the city of Medina. However, a sura classified as Medinan may contain Meccan verses in it and v... |
572eae8bcb0c0d14000f1465 | What determines the order in which suras are placed in the Quran? | size | [
"Quran\n\nThe Quran consists of 114 chapters of varying lengths, each known as a sura. Suras are classified as Meccan or Medinan, depending on whether the verses were revealed before or after the migration of Muhammad to the city of Medina. However, a sura classified as Medinan may contain Meccan verses in it and v... |
572eae8bcb0c0d14000f1466 | Which Arabic phrase opens almost all suras? | Bismillah | [
"Quran\n\nThe Quran consists of 114 chapters of varying lengths, each known as a sura. Suras are classified as Meccan or Medinan, depending on whether the verses were revealed before or after the migration of Muhammad to the city of Medina. However, a sura classified as Medinan may contain Meccan verses in it and v... |
572eafd1c246551400ce4504 | What division of the Quran is used for a month-long reading? | juz' | [
"Quran\n\nIn addition to and independent of the division into suras, there are various ways of dividing the Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30 juz' (plural ajzāʼ) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. Some of these parts are known by names—which are ... |
572eafd1c246551400ce4505 | How many ajzā cover the entire Quran? | 30 | [
"Quran\n\nIn addition to and independent of the division into suras, there are various ways of dividing the Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30 juz' (plural ajzāʼ) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. Some of these parts are known by names—which are ... |
572eafd1c246551400ce4506 | How many ahzab are in a juz'? | two | [
"Quran\n\nIn addition to and independent of the division into suras, there are various ways of dividing the Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30 juz' (plural ajzāʼ) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. Some of these parts are known by names—which are ... |
572eafd1c246551400ce4507 | What is the term for a subdivision of a hizb? | rubʻ al-ahzab | [
"Quran\n\nIn addition to and independent of the division into suras, there are various ways of dividing the Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30 juz' (plural ajzāʼ) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. Some of these parts are known by names—which are ... |
572eafd1c246551400ce4508 | What division is used for a week-long recital of the Quran? | manzil | [
"Quran\n\nIn addition to and independent of the division into suras, there are various ways of dividing the Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30 juz' (plural ajzāʼ) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. Some of these parts are known by names—which are ... |
572eb10103f9891900756969 | Quranic verses concerning which phenomena are thought by Muslims to authenticate its contents? | natural | [
"Quran\n\nThe Quranic content is concerned with basic Islamic beliefs including the existence of God and the resurrection. Narratives of the early prophets, ethical and legal subjects, historical events of Muhammad's time, charity and prayer also appear in the Quran. The Quranic verses contain general exhortations ... |
572eb10103f989190075696a | What types of events are related in the Quran in support of its moral teachings? | historical | [
"Quran\n\nThe Quranic content is concerned with basic Islamic beliefs including the existence of God and the resurrection. Narratives of the early prophets, ethical and legal subjects, historical events of Muhammad's time, charity and prayer also appear in the Quran. The Quranic verses contain general exhortations ... |
572eb10103f989190075696b | Historical narratives from whose time period are unique to the Quran among holy books? | Muhammad's | [
"Quran\n\nThe Quranic content is concerned with basic Islamic beliefs including the existence of God and the resurrection. Narratives of the early prophets, ethical and legal subjects, historical events of Muhammad's time, charity and prayer also appear in the Quran. The Quranic verses contain general exhortations ... |
572eb23f03f989190075696f | What fraction of the Quran deals with eschatology? | one-third | [
"Quran\n\nThe doctrine of the last day and eschatology (the final fate of the universe) may be reckoned as the second great doctrine of the Quran. It is estimated that approximately one-third of the Quran is eschatological, dealing with the afterlife in the next world and with the day of judgment at the end of time... |
572eb23f03f9891900756970 | What general topic is eschatology about? | the final fate of the universe | [
"Quran\n\nThe doctrine of the last day and eschatology (the final fate of the universe) may be reckoned as the second great doctrine of the Quran. It is estimated that approximately one-third of the Quran is eschatological, dealing with the afterlife in the next world and with the day of judgment at the end of time... |
572eb23f03f9891900756971 | Which natural disaster features in Sura 22? | earthquake | [
"Quran\n\nThe doctrine of the last day and eschatology (the final fate of the universe) may be reckoned as the second great doctrine of the Quran. It is estimated that approximately one-third of the Quran is eschatological, dealing with the afterlife in the next world and with the day of judgment at the end of time... |
572eb23f03f9891900756972 | What topic do suras 44, 56, 75, and 101 have in common? | afterlife | [
"Quran\n\nThe doctrine of the last day and eschatology (the final fate of the universe) may be reckoned as the second great doctrine of the Quran. It is estimated that approximately one-third of the Quran is eschatological, dealing with the afterlife in the next world and with the day of judgment at the end of time... |
572eb39bc246551400ce4532 | In what form does the Quran say God sends his messages to people? | signs and revelations | [
"Quran\n\nAccording to the Quran, God communicated with man and made his will known through signs and revelations. Prophets, or 'Messengers of God', received revelations and delivered them to humanity. The message has been identical and for all humankind. \"Nothing is said to you that was not said to the messengers... |
572eb39bc246551400ce4533 | Who intermediates between God and prophets? | Angels | [
"Quran\n\nAccording to the Quran, God communicated with man and made his will known through signs and revelations. Prophets, or 'Messengers of God', received revelations and delivered them to humanity. The message has been identical and for all humankind. \"Nothing is said to you that was not said to the messengers... |
572eb39bc246551400ce4534 | Which part of the Quran describes God's use of intermediaries between himself and his prophets? | 42:51 | [
"Quran\n\nAccording to the Quran, God communicated with man and made his will known through signs and revelations. Prophets, or 'Messengers of God', received revelations and delivered them to humanity. The message has been identical and for all humankind. \"Nothing is said to you that was not said to the messengers... |
572eb39bc246551400ce4535 | How does the Quran describe the similarity of messages God has delivered throughout human history? | identical | [
"Quran\n\nAccording to the Quran, God communicated with man and made his will known through signs and revelations. Prophets, or 'Messengers of God', received revelations and delivered them to humanity. The message has been identical and for all humankind. \"Nothing is said to you that was not said to the messengers... |
572eb39bc246551400ce4536 | Which humans are the messengers of God? | Prophets | [
"Quran\n\nAccording to the Quran, God communicated with man and made his will known through signs and revelations. Prophets, or 'Messengers of God', received revelations and delivered them to humanity. The message has been identical and for all humankind. \"Nothing is said to you that was not said to the messengers... |
572eb523dfa6aa1500f8d2dd | What mental state is the foundation of morality as described by the Quran? | Belief | [
"Quran\n\nBelief is a fundamental aspect of morality in the Quran, and scholars have tried to determine the semantic contents of \"belief\" and \"believer\" in the Quran. The ethico-legal concepts and exhortations dealing with righteous conduct are linked to a profound awareness of God, thereby emphasizing the impo... |
572eb523dfa6aa1500f8d2de | What finance-related acts are forbidden by the Quran? | usury and gambling | [
"Quran\n\nBelief is a fundamental aspect of morality in the Quran, and scholars have tried to determine the semantic contents of \"belief\" and \"believer\" in the Quran. The ethico-legal concepts and exhortations dealing with righteous conduct are linked to a profound awareness of God, thereby emphasizing the impo... |
572eb523dfa6aa1500f8d2df | What is the name of the formal prayer proscribed by the Quran? | salat | [
"Quran\n\nBelief is a fundamental aspect of morality in the Quran, and scholars have tried to determine the semantic contents of \"belief\" and \"believer\" in the Quran. The ethico-legal concepts and exhortations dealing with righteous conduct are linked to a profound awareness of God, thereby emphasizing the impo... |
572eb523dfa6aa1500f8d2e0 | Which month is designated for fasting in the Quran? | Ramadan | [
"Quran\n\nBelief is a fundamental aspect of morality in the Quran, and scholars have tried to determine the semantic contents of \"belief\" and \"believer\" in the Quran. The ethico-legal concepts and exhortations dealing with righteous conduct are linked to a profound awareness of God, thereby emphasizing the impo... |
572eb523dfa6aa1500f8d2e1 | The Quran uses a term that also means purification for what social act? | charity | [
"Quran\n\nBelief is a fundamental aspect of morality in the Quran, and scholars have tried to determine the semantic contents of \"belief\" and \"believer\" in the Quran. The ethico-legal concepts and exhortations dealing with righteous conduct are linked to a profound awareness of God, thereby emphasizing the impo... |
572eb6a103f9891900756985 | Which astrophysicist has written about the ways the Quran encourages scientific thinking? | Nidhal Guessoum | [
"Quran\n\nThe astrophysicist Nidhal Guessoum while being highly critical of pseudo-scientific claims made about the Quran, has highlighted the encouragement for sciences that the Quran provides by developing \"the concept of knowledge.\". He writes: \"The Qur'an draws attention to the danger of conjecturing without... |
572eb6a103f9891900756986 | Verse 2:111 of the Quran supports which aspect of scientific thought and practice? | proof | [
"Quran\n\nThe astrophysicist Nidhal Guessoum while being highly critical of pseudo-scientific claims made about the Quran, has highlighted the encouragement for sciences that the Quran provides by developing \"the concept of knowledge.\". He writes: \"The Qur'an draws attention to the danger of conjecturing without... |
572eb6a103f9891900756987 | Whose scholarship on the concept of proof in the Quran does Guessoum cite? | Ghaleb Hasan | [
"Quran\n\nThe astrophysicist Nidhal Guessoum while being highly critical of pseudo-scientific claims made about the Quran, has highlighted the encouragement for sciences that the Quran provides by developing \"the concept of knowledge.\". He writes: \"The Qur'an draws attention to the danger of conjecturing without... |
572eb6a103f9891900756988 | Which philosopher believed the Quran had a rational and empirical basis like science? | Muhammad Iqbal | [
"Quran\n\nThe astrophysicist Nidhal Guessoum while being highly critical of pseudo-scientific claims made about the Quran, has highlighted the encouragement for sciences that the Quran provides by developing \"the concept of knowledge.\". He writes: \"The Qur'an draws attention to the danger of conjecturing without... |
572eb83fcb0c0d14000f14b8 | Nature and its phenomena are mentioned in approximately how many of the Quran's verses? | 750 | [
"Quran\n\nIt's generally accepted that there are around 750 verses in the Quran dealing with natural phenomenon. In many of these verses the study of nature is \"encouraged and highly recommended,\" and historical Islamic scientists like Al-Biruni and Al-Battani derived their inspiration from verses of the Quran. M... |
572eb83fcb0c0d14000f14b9 | Al-Battani is an example of a Muslim scientist who drew inspiration from which text? | Quran | [
"Quran\n\nIt's generally accepted that there are around 750 verses in the Quran dealing with natural phenomenon. In many of these verses the study of nature is \"encouraged and highly recommended,\" and historical Islamic scientists like Al-Biruni and Al-Battani derived their inspiration from verses of the Quran. M... |
572eb83fcb0c0d14000f14ba | Who recommended science as a way to achieve the goals of the Quran? | Mohammad Hashim Kamali | [
"Quran\n\nIt's generally accepted that there are around 750 verses in the Quran dealing with natural phenomenon. In many of these verses the study of nature is \"encouraged and highly recommended,\" and historical Islamic scientists like Al-Biruni and Al-Battani derived their inspiration from verses of the Quran. M... |
572eb83fcb0c0d14000f14bb | Who argued that the Quran inspired the first practitioners of the scientific method we use today? | Ziauddin Sardar | [
"Quran\n\nIt's generally accepted that there are around 750 verses in the Quran dealing with natural phenomenon. In many of these verses the study of nature is \"encouraged and highly recommended,\" and historical Islamic scientists like Al-Biruni and Al-Battani derived their inspiration from verses of the Quran. M... |
572eb83fcb0c0d14000f14bc | Al-Biruni is a example of a scientists of which religion? | Muslim | [
"Quran\n\nIt's generally accepted that there are around 750 verses in the Quran dealing with natural phenomenon. In many of these verses the study of nature is \"encouraged and highly recommended,\" and historical Islamic scientists like Al-Biruni and Al-Battani derived their inspiration from verses of the Quran. M... |
572eb9a703f98919007569a5 | Which physicist quoted the Quran in his address after receiving the Nobel Prize? | Abdus Salam | [
"Quran\n\nThe physicist Abdus Salam, in his Nobel Prize banquet address, quoted a well known verse from the Quran (67:3-4) and then stated: \"This in effect is the faith of all physicists: the deeper we seek, the more is our wonder excited, the more is the dazzlement of our gaze\". One of Salam's core beliefs was t... |
572eb9a703f98919007569a6 | Which verse from the Quran did Abdus Salam quote at his Nobel banquet? | 67:3-4 | [
"Quran\n\nThe physicist Abdus Salam, in his Nobel Prize banquet address, quoted a well known verse from the Quran (67:3-4) and then stated: \"This in effect is the faith of all physicists: the deeper we seek, the more is our wonder excited, the more is the dazzlement of our gaze\". One of Salam's core beliefs was t... |
572eb9a703f98919007569a7 | Which two Muslim scientists did Salam celebrate as inventors of empirical methods? | Ibn al-Haytham and Al-Biruni | [
"Quran\n\nThe physicist Abdus Salam, in his Nobel Prize banquet address, quoted a well known verse from the Quran (67:3-4) and then stated: \"This in effect is the faith of all physicists: the deeper we seek, the more is our wonder excited, the more is the dazzlement of our gaze\". One of Salam's core beliefs was t... |
572eb9a703f98919007569a8 | Salam suggests physics and science be kept separate from which topics which are more suited to religion? | metaphysics | [
"Quran\n\nThe physicist Abdus Salam, in his Nobel Prize banquet address, quoted a well known verse from the Quran (67:3-4) and then stated: \"This in effect is the faith of all physicists: the deeper we seek, the more is our wonder excited, the more is the dazzlement of our gaze\". One of Salam's core beliefs was t... |
572ebb02cb0c0d14000f14de | What description of the writing in the Quran highlights its poetic aspect? | rhymed prose | [
"Quran\n\nThe language of the Quran has been described as \"rhymed prose\" as it partakes of both poetry and prose; however, this description runs the risk of failing to convey the rhythmic quality of Quranic language, which is more poetic in some parts and more prose-like in others. Rhyme, while found throughout t... |
572ebb02cb0c0d14000f14df | Which suras in the Quran are particularly rhythmic? | earlier Meccan suras | [
"Quran\n\nThe language of the Quran has been described as \"rhymed prose\" as it partakes of both poetry and prose; however, this description runs the risk of failing to convey the rhythmic quality of Quranic language, which is more poetic in some parts and more prose-like in others. Rhyme, while found throughout t... |
572ebb02cb0c0d14000f14e0 | What often changes along with the rhyming of Quranic verses? | subject of discussion | [
"Quran\n\nThe language of the Quran has been described as \"rhymed prose\" as it partakes of both poetry and prose; however, this description runs the risk of failing to convey the rhythmic quality of Quranic language, which is more poetic in some parts and more prose-like in others. Rhyme, while found throughout t... |
572ebb02cb0c0d14000f14e1 | Which parts of the Quran are the least poetic? | Later | [
"Quran\n\nThe language of the Quran has been described as \"rhymed prose\" as it partakes of both poetry and prose; however, this description runs the risk of failing to convey the rhythmic quality of Quranic language, which is more poetic in some parts and more prose-like in others. Rhyme, while found throughout t... |
572ebc97dfa6aa1500f8d333 | What is lacking in the arrangement of the Quranic text? | continuity | [
"Quran\n\nThe Quranic text seems to have no beginning, middle, or end, its nonlinear structure being akin to a web or net. The textual arrangement is sometimes considered to exhibit lack of continuity, absence of any chronological or thematic order and repetitiousness. Michael Sells, citing the work of the critic N... |
572ebc97dfa6aa1500f8d334 | To which critic does Michael Sells refer on the subject of the Quran's disorganization? | Norman O. Brown | [
"Quran\n\nThe Quranic text seems to have no beginning, middle, or end, its nonlinear structure being akin to a web or net. The textual arrangement is sometimes considered to exhibit lack of continuity, absence of any chronological or thematic order and repetitiousness. Michael Sells, citing the work of the critic N... |
572ebc97dfa6aa1500f8d335 | How does Sells describe the Quran's repetitiveness? | a literary device | [
"Quran\n\nThe Quranic text seems to have no beginning, middle, or end, its nonlinear structure being akin to a web or net. The textual arrangement is sometimes considered to exhibit lack of continuity, absence of any chronological or thematic order and repetitiousness. Michael Sells, citing the work of the critic N... |
572ebc97dfa6aa1500f8d336 | Which scholar believes the Quran's fragmentary writing style is an effective literary device for a prophetic message? | Michael Sells | [
"Quran\n\nThe Quranic text seems to have no beginning, middle, or end, its nonlinear structure being akin to a web or net. The textual arrangement is sometimes considered to exhibit lack of continuity, absence of any chronological or thematic order and repetitiousness. Michael Sells, citing the work of the critic N... |
572ebe14cb0c0d14000f14ee | What metatextual character does Stefan Wild focus on in his discussion of the Quran? | Self-referentiality | [
"Quran\n\nA text is self-referential when it speaks about itself and makes reference to itself. According to Stefan Wild, the Quran demonstrates this metatextuality by explaining, classifying, interpreting and justifying the words to be transmitted. Self-referentiality is evident in those passages where the Quran r... |
572ebe14cb0c0d14000f14ef | What quality does the Quran claim in the different ways in which it refers to itself? | Divinity | [
"Quran\n\nA text is self-referential when it speaks about itself and makes reference to itself. According to Stefan Wild, the Quran demonstrates this metatextuality by explaining, classifying, interpreting and justifying the words to be transmitted. Self-referentiality is evident in those passages where the Quran r... |
572ebe14cb0c0d14000f14f0 | Which term that the Quran uses for itself means "news"? | naba' | [
"Quran\n\nA text is self-referential when it speaks about itself and makes reference to itself. According to Stefan Wild, the Quran demonstrates this metatextuality by explaining, classifying, interpreting and justifying the words to be transmitted. Self-referentiality is evident in those passages where the Quran r... |
572ebe14cb0c0d14000f14f1 | The Quran is more self-referential in which of its suras? | early Meccan suras | [
"Quran\n\nA text is self-referential when it speaks about itself and makes reference to itself. According to Stefan Wild, the Quran demonstrates this metatextuality by explaining, classifying, interpreting and justifying the words to be transmitted. Self-referentiality is evident in those passages where the Quran r... |
572ebf63c246551400ce45ee | What is the name of the activity of explaining what Quranic verses mean? | Tafsir | [
"Quran\n\nTafsir is one of the earliest academic activities of Muslims. According to the Quran, Muhammad was the first person who described the meanings of verses for early Muslims. Other early exegetes included a few Companions of Muhammad, like ʻAli ibn Abi Talib, ʻAbdullah ibn Abbas, ʻAbdullah ibn Umar and Ubayy... |
572ebf63c246551400ce45ef | Who was the first practitioner of Tafsir? | Muhammad | [
"Quran\n\nTafsir is one of the earliest academic activities of Muslims. According to the Quran, Muhammad was the first person who described the meanings of verses for early Muslims. Other early exegetes included a few Companions of Muhammad, like ʻAli ibn Abi Talib, ʻAbdullah ibn Abbas, ʻAbdullah ibn Umar and Ubayy... |
572ebf63c246551400ce45f0 | What is the Arabic term for Quranic exegesis? | Tafsir | [
"Quran\n\nTafsir is one of the earliest academic activities of Muslims. According to the Quran, Muhammad was the first person who described the meanings of verses for early Muslims. Other early exegetes included a few Companions of Muhammad, like ʻAli ibn Abi Talib, ʻAbdullah ibn Abbas, ʻAbdullah ibn Umar and Ubayy... |
572ebf63c246551400ce45f1 | Who were 'Ali ibn Abi Talib and 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas? | Companions of Muhammad | [
"Quran\n\nTafsir is one of the earliest academic activities of Muslims. According to the Quran, Muhammad was the first person who described the meanings of verses for early Muslims. Other early exegetes included a few Companions of Muhammad, like ʻAli ibn Abi Talib, ʻAbdullah ibn Abbas, ʻAbdullah ibn Umar and Ubayy... |
572ec0e903f98919007569f5 | In which language is the Quran recited? | classical Arabic | [
"Quran\n\nBecause the Quran is spoken in classical Arabic, many of the later converts to Islam (mostly non-Arabs) did not always understand the Quranic Arabic, they did not catch allusions that were clear to early Muslims fluent in Arabic and they were concerned with reconciling apparent conflict of themes in the Q... |
572ec0e903f98919007569f6 | What is the Arabic term for the cancellation of one part of the Quran by another? | nāsikh | [
"Quran\n\nBecause the Quran is spoken in classical Arabic, many of the later converts to Islam (mostly non-Arabs) did not always understand the Quranic Arabic, they did not catch allusions that were clear to early Muslims fluent in Arabic and they were concerned with reconciling apparent conflict of themes in the Q... |
572ec0e903f98919007569f7 | What is the name of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community's published Quran commentary? | Tafseer e Kabir | [
"Quran\n\nBecause the Quran is spoken in classical Arabic, many of the later converts to Islam (mostly non-Arabs) did not always understand the Quranic Arabic, they did not catch allusions that were clear to early Muslims fluent in Arabic and they were concerned with reconciling apparent conflict of themes in the Q... |
572ec0e903f98919007569f8 | In which language is the Tafseer e Kabir written? | Urdu | [
"Quran\n\nBecause the Quran is spoken in classical Arabic, many of the later converts to Islam (mostly non-Arabs) did not always understand the Quranic Arabic, they did not catch allusions that were clear to early Muslims fluent in Arabic and they were concerned with reconciling apparent conflict of themes in the Q... |
572ec0e903f98919007569f9 | What is the term for earlier portions of the Quran that may have been superseded by later parts? | mansūkh | [
"Quran\n\nBecause the Quran is spoken in classical Arabic, many of the later converts to Islam (mostly non-Arabs) did not always understand the Quranic Arabic, they did not catch allusions that were clear to early Muslims fluent in Arabic and they were concerned with reconciling apparent conflict of themes in the Q... |
572ec29403f98919007569ff | What is another term for Sufi Quranic interpretation? | Esoteric | [
"Quran\n\nEsoteric or Sufi interpretation attempts to unveil the inner meanings of the Quran. Sufism moves beyond the apparent (zahir) point of the verses and instead relates Quranic verses to the inner or esoteric (batin) and metaphysical dimensions of consciousness and existence. According to Sands, esoteric inte... |
572ec29403f9891900756a00 | What Arabic word describes the aspects of Quranic verses that Sufism tries to push beyond? | zahir | [
"Quran\n\nEsoteric or Sufi interpretation attempts to unveil the inner meanings of the Quran. Sufism moves beyond the apparent (zahir) point of the verses and instead relates Quranic verses to the inner or esoteric (batin) and metaphysical dimensions of consciousness and existence. According to Sands, esoteric inte... |
572ec29403f9891900756a01 | Sands says Sufi interpretations tend to use which literary device rather than direct explanation? | allusions | [
"Quran\n\nEsoteric or Sufi interpretation attempts to unveil the inner meanings of the Quran. Sufism moves beyond the apparent (zahir) point of the verses and instead relates Quranic verses to the inner or esoteric (batin) and metaphysical dimensions of consciousness and existence. According to Sands, esoteric inte... |
572ec29403f9891900756a02 | What is an Arabic term for allusions? | isharat | [
"Quran\n\nEsoteric or Sufi interpretation attempts to unveil the inner meanings of the Quran. Sufism moves beyond the apparent (zahir) point of the verses and instead relates Quranic verses to the inner or esoteric (batin) and metaphysical dimensions of consciousness and existence. According to Sands, esoteric inte... |
572ec43bdfa6aa1500f8d365 | Beloved is a term for God used by which style of Quranic interpretation? | Sufi | [
"Quran\n\nMoses, in 7:143, comes the way of those who are in love, he asks for a vision but his desire is denied, he is made to suffer by being commanded to look at other than the Beloved while the mountain is able to see God. The mountain crumbles and Moses faints at the sight of God's manifestation upon the mount... |
572ec43bdfa6aa1500f8d366 | Which Quranic verse describes Moses' encounter with God at the mountain? | 7:143 | [
"Quran\n\nMoses, in 7:143, comes the way of those who are in love, he asks for a vision but his desire is denied, he is made to suffer by being commanded to look at other than the Beloved while the mountain is able to see God. The mountain crumbles and Moses faints at the sight of God's manifestation upon the mount... |
572ec43bdfa6aa1500f8d367 | In Sufi thought, what experiences bring one closer to truth? | longing and suffering | [
"Quran\n\nMoses, in 7:143, comes the way of those who are in love, he asks for a vision but his desire is denied, he is made to suffer by being commanded to look at other than the Beloved while the mountain is able to see God. The mountain crumbles and Moses faints at the sight of God's manifestation upon the mount... |
572ec43bdfa6aa1500f8d368 | Who wrote that Moses had lost the Moses in himself along the way to his encounter with God? | Qushayri | [
"Quran\n\nMoses, in 7:143, comes the way of those who are in love, he asks for a vision but his desire is denied, he is made to suffer by being commanded to look at other than the Beloved while the mountain is able to see God. The mountain crumbles and Moses faints at the sight of God's manifestation upon the mount... |
572ec65ccb0c0d14000f153e | Who was an important esoteric interpreter of the Quran in the 11th century? | Sulami | [
"Quran\n\nOne of the notable authors of esoteric interpretation prior to the 12th century is Sulami (d. 1021) without whose work the majority of very early Sufi commentaries would not have been preserved. Sulami's major commentary is a book named haqaiq al-tafsir (\"Truths of Exegesis\") which is a compilation of c... |
572ec65ccb0c0d14000f153f | What is the English name of Sulami's major work? | Truths of Exegesis | [
"Quran\n\nOne of the notable authors of esoteric interpretation prior to the 12th century is Sulami (d. 1021) without whose work the majority of very early Sufi commentaries would not have been preserved. Sulami's major commentary is a book named haqaiq al-tafsir (\"Truths of Exegesis\") which is a compilation of c... |
572ec65ccb0c0d14000f1540 | In which language did Maybudi write? | Persian | [
"Quran\n\nOne of the notable authors of esoteric interpretation prior to the 12th century is Sulami (d. 1021) without whose work the majority of very early Sufi commentaries would not have been preserved. Sulami's major commentary is a book named haqaiq al-tafsir (\"Truths of Exegesis\") which is a compilation of c... |
572ec65ccb0c0d14000f1541 | In which year did the poet Rumi die? | 1273 | [
"Quran\n\nOne of the notable authors of esoteric interpretation prior to the 12th century is Sulami (d. 1021) without whose work the majority of very early Sufi commentaries would not have been preserved. Sulami's major commentary is a book named haqaiq al-tafsir (\"Truths of Exegesis\") which is a compilation of c... |
572ec65ccb0c0d14000f1542 | Which Sufi commentator wrote the Spirit of Elucidation? | Ismail Hakki Bursevi | [
"Quran\n\nOne of the notable authors of esoteric interpretation prior to the 12th century is Sulami (d. 1021) without whose work the majority of very early Sufi commentaries would not have been preserved. Sulami's major commentary is a book named haqaiq al-tafsir (\"Truths of Exegesis\") which is a compilation of c... |
572ec7e8dfa6aa1500f8d3a7 | What is the Arabic term for the surface-level aspects of a text? | zahir | [
"Quran\n\nCommentaries dealing with the zahir (outward aspects) of the text are called tafsir, and hermeneutic and esoteric commentaries dealing with the batin are called ta'wil (\"interpretation\" or \"explanation\"), which involves taking the text back to its beginning. Commentators with an esoteric slant believe... |
572ec7e8dfa6aa1500f8d3a8 | What Arabic term applies to interpretations aimed at the deeper, esoteric meanings of a text? | ta'wil | [
"Quran\n\nCommentaries dealing with the zahir (outward aspects) of the text are called tafsir, and hermeneutic and esoteric commentaries dealing with the batin are called ta'wil (\"interpretation\" or \"explanation\"), which involves taking the text back to its beginning. Commentators with an esoteric slant believe... |
572ec7e8dfa6aa1500f8d3a9 | Who is the only one who ever knows the full meaning of Quranic verses in the esoteric view? | God | [
"Quran\n\nCommentaries dealing with the zahir (outward aspects) of the text are called tafsir, and hermeneutic and esoteric commentaries dealing with the batin are called ta'wil (\"interpretation\" or \"explanation\"), which involves taking the text back to its beginning. Commentators with an esoteric slant believe... |
572ec7e8dfa6aa1500f8d3aa | Which two groups are examples of Muslims who advocate a very literal reading of the Quran? | Salafis and Zahiris | [
"Quran\n\nCommentaries dealing with the zahir (outward aspects) of the text are called tafsir, and hermeneutic and esoteric commentaries dealing with the batin are called ta'wil (\"interpretation\" or \"explanation\"), which involves taking the text back to its beginning. Commentators with an esoteric slant believe... |
572ec9a7cb0c0d14000f156c | In which language was the Quran first translated? | Persian | [
"Quran\n\nThe first fully attested complete translations of the Quran were done between the 10th and 12th centuries in Persian. The Samanid king, Mansur I (961-976), ordered a group of scholars from Khorasan to translate the Tafsir al-Tabari, originally in Arabic, into Persian. Later in the 11th century, one of the... |
572ec9a7cb0c0d14000f156d | Which work did scribes from Khorasan translate in the 10th century? | Tafsir al-Tabari | [
"Quran\n\nThe first fully attested complete translations of the Quran were done between the 10th and 12th centuries in Persian. The Samanid king, Mansur I (961-976), ordered a group of scholars from Khorasan to translate the Tafsir al-Tabari, originally in Arabic, into Persian. Later in the 11th century, one of the... |
572ec9a7cb0c0d14000f156e | Whose student wrote a Persian tafsir of the Quran in the 11th century? | Abu Mansur Abdullah al-Ansari | [
"Quran\n\nThe first fully attested complete translations of the Quran were done between the 10th and 12th centuries in Persian. The Samanid king, Mansur I (961-976), ordered a group of scholars from Khorasan to translate the Tafsir al-Tabari, originally in Arabic, into Persian. Later in the 11th century, one of the... |
572ec9a7cb0c0d14000f156f | Who wrote a Persian translation of the Quran in the 12th century? | Najm al-Din Abu Hafs al-Nasafi | [
"Quran\n\nThe first fully attested complete translations of the Quran were done between the 10th and 12th centuries in Persian. The Samanid king, Mansur I (961-976), ordered a group of scholars from Khorasan to translate the Tafsir al-Tabari, originally in Arabic, into Persian. Later in the 11th century, one of the... |
572ec9a7cb0c0d14000f1570 | To which dynasty did the king who commissioned the first translation of Quranic texts belong? | Samanid | [
"Quran\n\nThe first fully attested complete translations of the Quran were done between the 10th and 12th centuries in Persian. The Samanid king, Mansur I (961-976), ordered a group of scholars from Khorasan to translate the Tafsir al-Tabari, originally in Arabic, into Persian. Later in the 11th century, one of the... |
572ecaddc246551400ce4692 | In which year was the Quran first translated into a Western language? | 1143 | [
"Quran\n\nRobert of Ketton's 1143 translation of the Quran for Peter the Venerable, Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete, was the first into a Western language (Latin). Alexander Ross offered the first English version in 1649, from the French translation of L'Alcoran de Mahomet (1647) by Andre du Ryer. In 1734, George Sale p... |
572ecaddc246551400ce4693 | Who completed the first Latin version of the Quran? | Robert of Ketton | [
"Quran\n\nRobert of Ketton's 1143 translation of the Quran for Peter the Venerable, Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete, was the first into a Western language (Latin). Alexander Ross offered the first English version in 1649, from the French translation of L'Alcoran de Mahomet (1647) by Andre du Ryer. In 1734, George Sale p... |
572ecaddc246551400ce4694 | Whose French translation of the Quran was the model for the first English version? | Andre du Ryer | [
"Quran\n\nRobert of Ketton's 1143 translation of the Quran for Peter the Venerable, Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete, was the first into a Western language (Latin). Alexander Ross offered the first English version in 1649, from the French translation of L'Alcoran de Mahomet (1647) by Andre du Ryer. In 1734, George Sale p... |
572ecaddc246551400ce4695 | Which organization offers versions of the Quran in 50 languages? | Ahmadiyya Muslim Community | [
"Quran\n\nRobert of Ketton's 1143 translation of the Quran for Peter the Venerable, Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete, was the first into a Western language (Latin). Alexander Ross offered the first English version in 1649, from the French translation of L'Alcoran de Mahomet (1647) by Andre du Ryer. In 1734, George Sale p... |
572ecaddc246551400ce4696 | In which language was Alexander Ross' version of the Quran published in 1649? | English | [
"Quran\n\nRobert of Ketton's 1143 translation of the Quran for Peter the Venerable, Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete, was the first into a Western language (Latin). Alexander Ross offered the first English version in 1649, from the French translation of L'Alcoran de Mahomet (1647) by Andre du Ryer. In 1734, George Sale p... |
572eccf7cb0c0d14000f1590 | What discipline concerns the way the Quran is correctly recited? | tajwid | [
"Quran\n\nThe proper recitation of the Quran is the subject of a separate discipline named tajwid which determines in detail how the Quran should be recited, how each individual syllable is to be pronounced, the need to pay attention to the places where there should be a pause, to elisions, where the pronunciation ... |
572eccf7cb0c0d14000f1591 | Tajwid deals with what aspect of the phonemes in the Quran? | pronunciation | [
"Quran\n\nThe proper recitation of the Quran is the subject of a separate discipline named tajwid which determines in detail how the Quran should be recited, how each individual syllable is to be pronounced, the need to pay attention to the places where there should be a pause, to elisions, where the pronunciation ... |
572eccf7cb0c0d14000f1592 | Tajwid describes rules for what noiseless aspect of articulating Quranic verses? | pause in recitation | [
"Quran\n\nThe proper recitation of the Quran is the subject of a separate discipline named tajwid which determines in detail how the Quran should be recited, how each individual syllable is to be pronounced, the need to pay attention to the places where there should be a pause, to elisions, where the pronunciation ... |
572eccf7cb0c0d14000f1593 | Rhythm is an example of which features of Quranic recitation covered by tajwid? | musical and melodious | [
"Quran\n\nThe proper recitation of the Quran is the subject of a separate discipline named tajwid which determines in detail how the Quran should be recited, how each individual syllable is to be pronounced, the need to pay attention to the places where there should be a pause, to elisions, where the pronunciation ... |
572ecf2503f9891900756a3f | The absence of which language feature made early Quranic recitation more diverse? | Vocalization markers | [
"Quran\n\nVocalization markers indicating specific vowel sounds were introduced into the Arabic language by the end of the 9th century. The first Quranic manuscripts lacked these marks, therefore several recitations remain acceptable. The variation in readings of the text permitted by the nature of the defective vo... |
572ecf2503f9891900756a40 | Which Baghdad scholar identified justified seven different Quranic readings? | Ibn Mujāhid | [
"Quran\n\nVocalization markers indicating specific vowel sounds were introduced into the Arabic language by the end of the 9th century. The first Quranic manuscripts lacked these marks, therefore several recitations remain acceptable. The variation in readings of the text permitted by the nature of the defective vo... |
572ecf2503f9891900756a41 | Which recitation is the original basis of the Quran of Cairo? | ʻAsim's | [
"Quran\n\nVocalization markers indicating specific vowel sounds were introduced into the Arabic language by the end of the 9th century. The first Quranic manuscripts lacked these marks, therefore several recitations remain acceptable. The variation in readings of the text permitted by the nature of the defective vo... |
572ecf2503f9891900756a42 | Which century produced the seven readings selected by Ibn Mujāhid? | 8th | [
"Quran\n\nVocalization markers indicating specific vowel sounds were introduced into the Arabic language by the end of the 9th century. The first Quranic manuscripts lacked these marks, therefore several recitations remain acceptable. The variation in readings of the text permitted by the nature of the defective vo... |
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