id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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572ece1adfa6aa1500f8d3f0 | Which mountain in Washington receives the most amount of snowfall? | Mount Rainier | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nOn average, the mountains of the western states receive the highest levels of snowfall on Earth. The greatest annual snowfall level is at Mount Rainier in Washington, at 692 inches (1,758 cm); the record there was 1,122 inches (2,850 cm) in the winter of 1971–72. This record was b... |
572ece1adfa6aa1500f8d3f1 | What is the record amount of snowfall at Mount Rainer? | 1,122 inches | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nOn average, the mountains of the western states receive the highest levels of snowfall on Earth. The greatest annual snowfall level is at Mount Rainier in Washington, at 692 inches (1,758 cm); the record there was 1,122 inches (2,850 cm) in the winter of 1971–72. This record was b... |
572ece1adfa6aa1500f8d3f2 | In what year did Mount Rainer receive a record amount of snowfall? | 1998-99 | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nOn average, the mountains of the western states receive the highest levels of snowfall on Earth. The greatest annual snowfall level is at Mount Rainier in Washington, at 692 inches (1,758 cm); the record there was 1,122 inches (2,850 cm) in the winter of 1971–72. This record was b... |
572ece1adfa6aa1500f8d3f3 | The Sierra Nevadas are located near which lake? | Lake Tahoe | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nOn average, the mountains of the western states receive the highest levels of snowfall on Earth. The greatest annual snowfall level is at Mount Rainier in Washington, at 692 inches (1,758 cm); the record there was 1,122 inches (2,850 cm) in the winter of 1971–72. This record was b... |
572ecf3bcb0c0d14000f15be | Which regions in the East receives the most amount of snowfall? | Great Lakes and the mountains of the Northeast | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nIn the east, while snowfall does not approach western levels, the region near the Great Lakes and the mountains of the Northeast receive the most. Along the northwestern Pacific coast, rainfall is greater than anywhere else in the continental U.S., with Quinault Rainforest in Wash... |
572ecf3bcb0c0d14000f15bf | Which region of the US receives the most amount of rainfall? | northwestern Pacific coast | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nIn the east, while snowfall does not approach western levels, the region near the Great Lakes and the mountains of the Northeast receive the most. Along the northwestern Pacific coast, rainfall is greater than anywhere else in the continental U.S., with Quinault Rainforest in Wash... |
572ecf3bcb0c0d14000f15c0 | What is the average amount of rainfall that the Quinault rainforest in Washington receives? | 137 inches | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nIn the east, while snowfall does not approach western levels, the region near the Great Lakes and the mountains of the Northeast receive the most. Along the northwestern Pacific coast, rainfall is greater than anywhere else in the continental U.S., with Quinault Rainforest in Wash... |
572ecf3bcb0c0d14000f15c1 | Which state receives an average of 460 inches of rainfall per year? | Hawaii | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nIn the east, while snowfall does not approach western levels, the region near the Great Lakes and the mountains of the Northeast receive the most. Along the northwestern Pacific coast, rainfall is greater than anywhere else in the continental U.S., with Quinault Rainforest in Wash... |
572ecf3bcb0c0d14000f15c2 | What is the name of the desert that is located in the driest region in the US? | Mojave Desert | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nIn the east, while snowfall does not approach western levels, the region near the Great Lakes and the mountains of the Northeast receive the most. Along the northwestern Pacific coast, rainfall is greater than anywhere else in the continental U.S., with Quinault Rainforest in Wash... |
572ed039c246551400ce46d6 | Where are tornadoes most common on Earth? | central portions of the U.S. | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nIn central portions of the U.S., tornadoes are more common than anywhere else on Earth and touch down most commonly in the spring and summer. Deadly and destructive hurricanes occur almost every year along the Atlantic seaboard and the Gulf of Mexico. The Appalachian region and th... |
572ed039c246551400ce46d7 | During which seasons are tornados most common? | spring and summer | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nIn central portions of the U.S., tornadoes are more common than anywhere else on Earth and touch down most commonly in the spring and summer. Deadly and destructive hurricanes occur almost every year along the Atlantic seaboard and the Gulf of Mexico. The Appalachian region and th... |
572ed039c246551400ce46d8 | Which regions experience the worst flooding in the US? | Appalachian region and the Midwest | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nIn central portions of the U.S., tornadoes are more common than anywhere else on Earth and touch down most commonly in the spring and summer. Deadly and destructive hurricanes occur almost every year along the Atlantic seaboard and the Gulf of Mexico. The Appalachian region and th... |
572ed039c246551400ce46d9 | Which region experiences the worst droughts in the US? | Southwest | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nIn central portions of the U.S., tornadoes are more common than anywhere else on Earth and touch down most commonly in the spring and summer. Deadly and destructive hurricanes occur almost every year along the Atlantic seaboard and the Gulf of Mexico. The Appalachian region and th... |
572ed039c246551400ce46da | What type of disasters affects the western US every year? | wildfires | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nIn central portions of the U.S., tornadoes are more common than anywhere else on Earth and touch down most commonly in the spring and summer. Deadly and destructive hurricanes occur almost every year along the Atlantic seaboard and the Gulf of Mexico. The Appalachian region and th... |
572ed0fadfa6aa1500f8d3f9 | The Great Mississippi occurred during what year? | 1927 | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nOccasional severe flooding is experienced. There was the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the Great Flood of 1993, and widespread flooding and mudslides caused by the 1982-1983 El Niño event in the western United States. Localized flooding can, however, occur anywhere, and mudslid... |
572ed0fadfa6aa1500f8d3fa | What fuels wildfires and causes them to spread in the west? | desert shrub | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nOccasional severe flooding is experienced. There was the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the Great Flood of 1993, and widespread flooding and mudslides caused by the 1982-1983 El Niño event in the western United States. Localized flooding can, however, occur anywhere, and mudslid... |
572ed0fadfa6aa1500f8d3fb | What type of storms can cause most activity to stop? | Nor'Easter snowstorms | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nOccasional severe flooding is experienced. There was the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the Great Flood of 1993, and widespread flooding and mudslides caused by the 1982-1983 El Niño event in the western United States. Localized flooding can, however, occur anywhere, and mudslid... |
572ed0fadfa6aa1500f8d3fc | What is the name of the event that caused major flooding in the western US? | El Niño | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nOccasional severe flooding is experienced. There was the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the Great Flood of 1993, and widespread flooding and mudslides caused by the 1982-1983 El Niño event in the western United States. Localized flooding can, however, occur anywhere, and mudslid... |
572ed29703f9891900756a53 | What is the area in the pacific known for heavy volcanic activity? | Pacific Ring of Fire | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nThe West Coast of the continental United States and areas of Alaska (including the Aleutian Islands, the Alaskan Peninsula and southern Alaskan coast) make up part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area of heavy tectonic and volcanic activity that is the source of 90% of the world's... |
572ed29703f9891900756a54 | The Pacific Ring of Fire contains what percentage of the earthquakes on Earth? | 90% | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nThe West Coast of the continental United States and areas of Alaska (including the Aleutian Islands, the Alaskan Peninsula and southern Alaskan coast) make up part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area of heavy tectonic and volcanic activity that is the source of 90% of the world's... |
572ed29703f9891900756a55 | Which Hawaiin volcano has been erupting since 1983? | Kilauea | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nThe West Coast of the continental United States and areas of Alaska (including the Aleutian Islands, the Alaskan Peninsula and southern Alaskan coast) make up part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area of heavy tectonic and volcanic activity that is the source of 90% of the world's... |
572ed29703f9891900756a56 | When was the last time that the Hawaiin islands experienced a life threatening volcanic eruption? | 17th century | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nThe West Coast of the continental United States and areas of Alaska (including the Aleutian Islands, the Alaskan Peninsula and southern Alaskan coast) make up part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area of heavy tectonic and volcanic activity that is the source of 90% of the world's... |
572ed29703f9891900756a57 | What year did Mt St. Helens erupt causing devastating damage? | 1980 | [
"Geography_of_the_United_States\n\nThe West Coast of the continental United States and areas of Alaska (including the Aleutian Islands, the Alaskan Peninsula and southern Alaskan coast) make up part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, an area of heavy tectonic and volcanic activity that is the source of 90% of the world's... |
572ec5f7cb0c0d14000f1536 | When did Audio CDs become available for purchase? | 1982 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nCompact Disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R),... |
572ec5f7cb0c0d14000f1537 | What does CD stand for? | Compact Disc | [
"Compact_disc\n\nCompact Disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R),... |
572ec5f7cb0c0d14000f1539 | What were CD's originally created to store? | sound recordings | [
"Compact_disc\n\nCompact Disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R),... |
572f5fe6947a6a140053c8db | What does SVCD stand for? | Super Video Compact Disc | [
"Compact_disc\n\nCompact Disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R),... |
572f5fe6947a6a140053c8dc | In what year were compact discs realesed for purchase? | 1982 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nCompact Disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R),... |
572f5fe6947a6a140053c8de | What was the original intended format for CDs? | data storage | [
"Compact_disc\n\nCompact Disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R),... |
572ec816c246551400ce4656 | In what year were digital and physical music sales the same? | 2014 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nIn 2004, worldwide sales of audio CDs, CD-ROMs and CD-Rs reached about 30 billion discs. By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide. CDs are increasingly being replaced by other forms of digital storage and distribution, with the result that audio CD sales rates in the U.S. have dropped about... |
572ec816c246551400ce4657 | How many CDs had been distrubuted worldwide by 2007? | 200 billion | [
"Compact_disc\n\nIn 2004, worldwide sales of audio CDs, CD-ROMs and CD-Rs reached about 30 billion discs. By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide. CDs are increasingly being replaced by other forms of digital storage and distribution, with the result that audio CD sales rates in the U.S. have dropped about... |
572ec816c246551400ce4658 | What percent decrease did audio CD sales experience? | 50% | [
"Compact_disc\n\nIn 2004, worldwide sales of audio CDs, CD-ROMs and CD-Rs reached about 30 billion discs. By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide. CDs are increasingly being replaced by other forms of digital storage and distribution, with the result that audio CD sales rates in the U.S. have dropped about... |
572f6096b2c2fd140056808c | How many CDs had been distrubuted around the world by 2007? | 200 billion | [
"Compact_disc\n\nIn 2004, worldwide sales of audio CDs, CD-ROMs and CD-Rs reached about 30 billion discs. By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide. CDs are increasingly being replaced by other forms of digital storage and distribution, with the result that audio CD sales rates in the U.S. have dropped about... |
572f6096b2c2fd140056808d | In 2004 how many CDs had been sold around the world? | 30 billion | [
"Compact_disc\n\nIn 2004, worldwide sales of audio CDs, CD-ROMs and CD-Rs reached about 30 billion discs. By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide. CDs are increasingly being replaced by other forms of digital storage and distribution, with the result that audio CD sales rates in the U.S. have dropped about... |
572ec92bdfa6aa1500f8d3b5 | Who created Compact Disc prototypes in the 1970s? | Philips and Sony | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe Compact Disc is an evolution of LaserDisc technology, where a focused laser beam is used that enables the high information density required for high-quality digital audio signals. Prototypes were developed by Philips and Sony independently in the late 1970s. In 1979, Sony and Philips set up a j... |
572ec92bdfa6aa1500f8d3b6 | How lond did the creation of Red Book CD-DA standard take? | a year | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe Compact Disc is an evolution of LaserDisc technology, where a focused laser beam is used that enables the high information density required for high-quality digital audio signals. Prototypes were developed by Philips and Sony independently in the late 1970s. In 1979, Sony and Philips set up a j... |
572ec92bdfa6aa1500f8d3b8 | How many CD players were sold in the United States in their first year? | 400,000 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe Compact Disc is an evolution of LaserDisc technology, where a focused laser beam is used that enables the high information density required for high-quality digital audio signals. Prototypes were developed by Philips and Sony independently in the late 1970s. In 1979, Sony and Philips set up a j... |
572f6c84b2c2fd1400568101 | What did the CD evolve from? | LaserDisc | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe Compact Disc is an evolution of LaserDisc technology, where a focused laser beam is used that enables the high information density required for high-quality digital audio signals. Prototypes were developed by Philips and Sony independently in the late 1970s. In 1979, Sony and Philips set up a j... |
572f6c84b2c2fd1400568102 | What made it possible for CDs to be played on any companies CD player? | unified design | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe Compact Disc is an evolution of LaserDisc technology, where a focused laser beam is used that enables the high information density required for high-quality digital audio signals. Prototypes were developed by Philips and Sony independently in the late 1970s. In 1979, Sony and Philips set up a j... |
572f6c84b2c2fd1400568103 | To what does the compact disc owe its prosperity? | cooperation between Philips and Sony | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe Compact Disc is an evolution of LaserDisc technology, where a focused laser beam is used that enables the high information density required for high-quality digital audio signals. Prototypes were developed by Philips and Sony independently in the late 1970s. In 1979, Sony and Philips set up a j... |
572f6c84b2c2fd1400568104 | What year did CD players become available for purchase? | 1982 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe Compact Disc is an evolution of LaserDisc technology, where a focused laser beam is used that enables the high information density required for high-quality digital audio signals. Prototypes were developed by Philips and Sony independently in the late 1970s. In 1979, Sony and Philips set up a j... |
572ecc7bdfa6aa1500f8d3d3 | In what year did Philips institute a laboratory to create a digital audio disc? | 1977 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nIn 1974, L. Ottens, director of the audio division of Philips, started a small group with the aim to develop an analog optical audio disc with a diameter of 20 cm and a sound quality superior to that of the vinyl record. However, due to the unsatisfactory performance of the analog format, two Phili... |
572ecc7bdfa6aa1500f8d3d4 | What was the proposed diameter for the original compact disc? | 11.5 cm | [
"Compact_disc\n\nIn 1974, L. Ottens, director of the audio division of Philips, started a small group with the aim to develop an analog optical audio disc with a diameter of 20 cm and a sound quality superior to that of the vinyl record. However, due to the unsatisfactory performance of the analog format, two Phili... |
572ecc7bdfa6aa1500f8d3d5 | What year did Philips propse the idea of a digital audio format? | 1974 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nIn 1974, L. Ottens, director of the audio division of Philips, started a small group with the aim to develop an analog optical audio disc with a diameter of 20 cm and a sound quality superior to that of the vinyl record. However, due to the unsatisfactory performance of the analog format, two Phili... |
572ecc7bdfa6aa1500f8d3d6 | Who was the director of the Philips audio division in 1974? | L. Ottens | [
"Compact_disc\n\nIn 1974, L. Ottens, director of the audio division of Philips, started a small group with the aim to develop an analog optical audio disc with a diameter of 20 cm and a sound quality superior to that of the vinyl record. However, due to the unsatisfactory performance of the analog format, two Phili... |
572ecf7acb0c0d14000f15c8 | Where was the 62nd AES Convention held? | Brussels | [
"Compact_disc\n\nHeitaro Nakajima, who developed an early digital audio recorder within Japan's national public broadcasting organization NHK in 1970, became general manager of Sony's audio department in 1971. His team developed a digital PCM adaptor audio tape recorder using a Betamax video recorder in 1973. After... |
572ecf7bcb0c0d14000f15c9 | Who was the general manger of Sony's audio department in 1971? | Heitaro Nakajima | [
"Compact_disc\n\nHeitaro Nakajima, who developed an early digital audio recorder within Japan's national public broadcasting organization NHK in 1970, became general manager of Sony's audio department in 1971. His team developed a digital PCM adaptor audio tape recorder using a Betamax video recorder in 1973. After... |
572ecf7bcb0c0d14000f15ca | What year did Sony first exhibit the use of an optical digital audio disc? | 1976 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nHeitaro Nakajima, who developed an early digital audio recorder within Japan's national public broadcasting organization NHK in 1970, became general manager of Sony's audio department in 1971. His team developed a digital PCM adaptor audio tape recorder using a Betamax video recorder in 1973. After... |
572ecf7bcb0c0d14000f15cc | Where was the Philips Introduce Compact disc conference held? | Eindhoven, Netherlands | [
"Compact_disc\n\nHeitaro Nakajima, who developed an early digital audio recorder within Japan's national public broadcasting organization NHK in 1970, became general manager of Sony's audio department in 1971. His team developed a digital PCM adaptor audio tape recorder using a Betamax video recorder in 1973. After... |
572f62b404bcaa1900d768b5 | What did Nakajima's team use to create a digital PCM adaptor audio tape recorder? | Betamax video recorder | [
"Compact_disc\n\nHeitaro Nakajima, who developed an early digital audio recorder within Japan's national public broadcasting organization NHK in 1970, became general manager of Sony's audio department in 1971. His team developed a digital PCM adaptor audio tape recorder using a Betamax video recorder in 1973. After... |
572f62b404bcaa1900d768b9 | When did Sony release it's AES technical paper? | 1 March 1979 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nHeitaro Nakajima, who developed an early digital audio recorder within Japan's national public broadcasting organization NHK in 1970, became general manager of Sony's audio department in 1971. His team developed a digital PCM adaptor audio tape recorder using a Betamax video recorder in 1973. After... |
572ed1a3dfa6aa1500f8d401 | In what year did Sony and Philips band together to design a new digital audio disc? | 1979 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nAs a result, in 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of engineers to design a new digital audio disc. Led by engineers Kees Schouhamer Immink and Toshitada Doi, the research pushed forward laser and optical disc technology. After a year of experimentation and discussion, the task force ... |
572ed1a3dfa6aa1500f8d402 | What year was the Red Book CD-DA standard released? | 1980 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nAs a result, in 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of engineers to design a new digital audio disc. Led by engineers Kees Schouhamer Immink and Toshitada Doi, the research pushed forward laser and optical disc technology. After a year of experimentation and discussion, the task force ... |
572ed1a3dfa6aa1500f8d403 | When did the IEC isntigate the Red Book CD-DA as an international standard? | 1987 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nAs a result, in 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of engineers to design a new digital audio disc. Led by engineers Kees Schouhamer Immink and Toshitada Doi, the research pushed forward laser and optical disc technology. After a year of experimentation and discussion, the task force ... |
572ed1a3dfa6aa1500f8d404 | Who headed the 1979 Sony and Philips digital audio disc task force? | Kees Schouhamer Immink and Toshitada Doi | [
"Compact_disc\n\nAs a result, in 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of engineers to design a new digital audio disc. Led by engineers Kees Schouhamer Immink and Toshitada Doi, the research pushed forward laser and optical disc technology. After a year of experimentation and discussion, the task force ... |
572ed426dfa6aa1500f8d41b | Who first sold a million copies on CD? | Dire Straits | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the \"Big Bang\" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especia... |
572ed426dfa6aa1500f8d41c | Which artist was the first to have their full catalogue converted to CD? | David Bowie | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the \"Big Bang\" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especia... |
572ed426dfa6aa1500f8d41d | What year was the Dire Straits album Brothers in Arms released? | 1985 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the \"Big Bang\" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especia... |
572ed426dfa6aa1500f8d41f | How many CDs were mass produced in 1988? | 400 million | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the \"Big Bang\" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especia... |
572f63fc04bcaa1900d768cb | How many studio albums did David Bowie release in February 1985? | 15 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the \"Big Bang\" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especia... |
572ed6a6dfa6aa1500f8d439 | What does ROM stand for? | read-only memory | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe CD was planned to be the successor of the gramophone record for playing music, rather than primarily as a data storage medium. From its origins as a musical format, CDs have grown to encompass other applications. In 1983, following the CD's introduction, Immink and Braat presented the first exp... |
572ed6a6dfa6aa1500f8d43a | What year did Sony and Philips release CD-Recordable? | 1990 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe CD was planned to be the successor of the gramophone record for playing music, rather than primarily as a data storage medium. From its origins as a musical format, CDs have grown to encompass other applications. In 1983, following the CD's introduction, Immink and Braat presented the first exp... |
572ed6a6dfa6aa1500f8d43c | What year was the 73rd AES Convention? | 1983 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe CD was planned to be the successor of the gramophone record for playing music, rather than primarily as a data storage medium. From its origins as a musical format, CDs have grown to encompass other applications. In 1983, following the CD's introduction, Immink and Braat presented the first exp... |
572f6486b2c2fd14005680af | What was the CDs predecessor? | gramophone record | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe CD was planned to be the successor of the gramophone record for playing music, rather than primarily as a data storage medium. From its origins as a musical format, CDs have grown to encompass other applications. In 1983, following the CD's introduction, Immink and Braat presented the first exp... |
572eda3ec246551400ce4727 | What portion of music sales did CDs and DVDs account for in the United States as of 2012? | 34 percent | [
"Compact_disc\n\nMeanwhile, with the advent and popularity of Internet-based distribution of files in lossily-compressed audio formats such as MP3, sales of CDs began to decline in the 2000s. For example, between 2000 - 2008, despite overall growth in music sales and one anomalous year of increase, major-label CD s... |
572eda3ec246551400ce4728 | Which country attributes over 80 percent of its music sales to physical formats? | Japan | [
"Compact_disc\n\nMeanwhile, with the advent and popularity of Internet-based distribution of files in lossily-compressed audio formats such as MP3, sales of CDs began to decline in the 2000s. For example, between 2000 - 2008, despite overall growth in music sales and one anomalous year of increase, major-label CD s... |
572eda3ec246551400ce4729 | How are MP3s compressed? | lossily-compressed | [
"Compact_disc\n\nMeanwhile, with the advent and popularity of Internet-based distribution of files in lossily-compressed audio formats such as MP3, sales of CDs began to decline in the 2000s. For example, between 2000 - 2008, despite overall growth in music sales and one anomalous year of increase, major-label CD s... |
572f657cb2c2fd14005680c4 | When did CD sales experience their original decline? | 2000s | [
"Compact_disc\n\nMeanwhile, with the advent and popularity of Internet-based distribution of files in lossily-compressed audio formats such as MP3, sales of CDs began to decline in the 2000s. For example, between 2000 - 2008, despite overall growth in music sales and one anomalous year of increase, major-label CD s... |
572f657cb2c2fd14005680c5 | What has caused a decrease in CD sales? | Internet-based distribution of files | [
"Compact_disc\n\nMeanwhile, with the advent and popularity of Internet-based distribution of files in lossily-compressed audio formats such as MP3, sales of CDs began to decline in the 2000s. For example, between 2000 - 2008, despite overall growth in music sales and one anomalous year of increase, major-label CD s... |
572f6665a23a5019007fc5d7 | How are CDs mass produced? | hydraulic press | [
"Compact_disc\n\nReplicated CDs are mass-produced initially using a hydraulic press. Small granules of heated raw polycarbonate plastic are fed into the press. A screw forces the liquefied plastic into the mold cavity. The mold closes with a metal stamper in contact with the disc surface. The plastic is allowed to ... |
572f6665a23a5019007fc5d8 | What type of material is used to make CDs? | raw polycarbonate plastic | [
"Compact_disc\n\nReplicated CDs are mass-produced initially using a hydraulic press. Small granules of heated raw polycarbonate plastic are fed into the press. A screw forces the liquefied plastic into the mold cavity. The mold closes with a metal stamper in contact with the disc surface. The plastic is allowed to ... |
572f6665a23a5019007fc5d9 | What size is the diameter of the center hole in a CD? | 15 mm | [
"Compact_disc\n\nReplicated CDs are mass-produced initially using a hydraulic press. Small granules of heated raw polycarbonate plastic are fed into the press. A screw forces the liquefied plastic into the mold cavity. The mold closes with a metal stamper in contact with the disc surface. The plastic is allowed to ... |
572f6665a23a5019007fc5da | How long does it take to stamp out one CD? | two to three seconds | [
"Compact_disc\n\nReplicated CDs are mass-produced initially using a hydraulic press. Small granules of heated raw polycarbonate plastic are fed into the press. A screw forces the liquefied plastic into the mold cavity. The mold closes with a metal stamper in contact with the disc surface. The plastic is allowed to ... |
572f6665a23a5019007fc5db | What is the term for the center hole in a CD? | stacking ring | [
"Compact_disc\n\nReplicated CDs are mass-produced initially using a hydraulic press. Small granules of heated raw polycarbonate plastic are fed into the press. A screw forces the liquefied plastic into the mold cavity. The mold closes with a metal stamper in contact with the disc surface. The plastic is allowed to ... |
572f671cb2c2fd14005680dd | What materials can be used to make the reflective layer on a CD? | usually aluminium, but sometimes gold or other metal | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThis method produces the clear plastic blank part of the disc. After a metallic reflecting layer (usually aluminium, but sometimes gold or other metal) is applied to the clear blank substrate, the disc goes under a UV light for curing and it is ready to go to press. To prepare to press a CD, a glas... |
572f671cb2c2fd14005680de | What type of light is used to cure CDs? | UV | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThis method produces the clear plastic blank part of the disc. After a metallic reflecting layer (usually aluminium, but sometimes gold or other metal) is applied to the clear blank substrate, the disc goes under a UV light for curing and it is ready to go to press. To prepare to press a CD, a glas... |
572f671cb2c2fd14005680df | What is a glass master? | positive image of the desired CD surface | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThis method produces the clear plastic blank part of the disc. After a metallic reflecting layer (usually aluminium, but sometimes gold or other metal) is applied to the clear blank substrate, the disc goes under a UV light for curing and it is ready to go to press. To prepare to press a CD, a glas... |
572f671cb2c2fd14005680e0 | How are glass masters created? | high-powered laser | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThis method produces the clear plastic blank part of the disc. After a metallic reflecting layer (usually aluminium, but sometimes gold or other metal) is applied to the clear blank substrate, the disc goes under a UV light for curing and it is ready to go to press. To prepare to press a CD, a glas... |
572f67c704bcaa1900d768e5 | What is the term for a negative image of the glass master? | die | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe die is a negative image of the glass master: typically, several are made, depending on the number of pressing mills that are to make the CD. The die then goes into a press, and the physical image is transferred to the blank CD, leaving a final positive image on the disc. A small amount of lacqu... |
572f67c704bcaa1900d768e6 | How is the positive image on a CD protected? | lacquer | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe die is a negative image of the glass master: typically, several are made, depending on the number of pressing mills that are to make the CD. The die then goes into a press, and the physical image is transferred to the blank CD, leaving a final positive image on the disc. A small amount of lacqu... |
572f67c704bcaa1900d768e7 | How is lacquer distrubted on a CD? | rapid spinning | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe die is a negative image of the glass master: typically, several are made, depending on the number of pressing mills that are to make the CD. The die then goes into a press, and the physical image is transferred to the blank CD, leaving a final positive image on the disc. A small amount of lacqu... |
572f68b3a23a5019007fc5e1 | What is the priciest component of a CD? | jewel case | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percen... |
572f68b3a23a5019007fc5e2 | Why did the cost of audio music increase when the production costs decreased? | value increased | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percen... |
572f68b3a23a5019007fc5e3 | What did CDs retail for in 1995? | $16.98 | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percen... |
572f68b3a23a5019007fc5e4 | Who received the most profit from the sale of CDs? | the store | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percen... |
572f68b3a23a5019007fc5e5 | How much did a jewel case cost in 1995? | 30 cents | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe most expensive part of a CD is the jewel case. In 1995, material costs were 30 cents for the jewel case and 10 to 15 cents for the CD. Wholesale cost of CDs was $0.75 to $1.15, which retailed for $16.98. On average, the store received 35 percent of the retail price, the record company 27 percen... |
572f696704bcaa1900d768fd | How long are CDs expected to last? | 20 to 100 years | [
"Compact_disc\n\nCD-R recordings are designed to be permanent. Over time, the dye's physical characteristics may change causing read errors and data loss until the reading device cannot recover with error correction methods. The design life is from 20 to 100 years, depending on the quality of the discs, the quality... |
572f696704bcaa1900d768fe | What can cause sudden disc degradation? | disc rot | [
"Compact_disc\n\nCD-R recordings are designed to be permanent. Over time, the dye's physical characteristics may change causing read errors and data loss until the reading device cannot recover with error correction methods. The design life is from 20 to 100 years, depending on the quality of the discs, the quality... |
572f696704bcaa1900d768ff | Are CDs meant for permanent or temporary use? | permanent | [
"Compact_disc\n\nCD-R recordings are designed to be permanent. Over time, the dye's physical characteristics may change causing read errors and data loss until the reading device cannot recover with error correction methods. The design life is from 20 to 100 years, depending on the quality of the discs, the quality... |
572f6a6504bcaa1900d76903 | What does SCMS stand for? | Serial Copy Management System | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the Unit... |
572f6a6504bcaa1900d76904 | What does DRM stand for? | digital rights management | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the Unit... |
572f6a6504bcaa1900d76905 | What does AHRA stand for? | Audio Home Recording Act | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the Unit... |
572f6a6504bcaa1900d76906 | What type of CD is intended to be used in a Consumer audio CD Recorder? | ReWritable Audio CD | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the Unit... |
572f6a6504bcaa1900d76907 | Which is less expensive, the ReWritable Audio CD or a CD-RW? | CD-RW | [
"Compact_disc\n\nThe ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the Unit... |
572f6b14a23a5019007fc5f3 | How fast could the first ReWritable CD be written? | 4x speed | [
"Compact_disc\n\nDue to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can ty... |
572f6b14a23a5019007fc5f4 | Which CD has writing speeds betwen 4x and 12x? | High Speed ReWritable CD | [
"Compact_disc\n\nDue to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can ty... |
572f6b14a23a5019007fc5f5 | How fast can Ultra Speed+ CDs write? | 32x | [
"Compact_disc\n\nDue to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can ty... |
572f6b14a23a5019007fc5f6 | How fast can Ultra Speed CDs write? | 16x to 24x | [
"Compact_disc\n\nDue to technical limitations, the original ReWritable CD could be written no faster than 4x speed. High Speed ReWritable CD has a different design, which permits writing at speeds ranging from 4x to 12x. Original CD-RW drives can only write to original ReWritable CDs. High Speed CD-RW drives can ty... |
572f6eacb2c2fd1400568109 | Where is the semiconductor laser found in a CD player? | on a swing arm | [
"Compact_disc\n\nA CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with ... |
572f6eacb2c2fd140056810a | What wavelenght is used to pull data from a CD? | 780 nm | [
"Compact_disc\n\nA CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with ... |
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