id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
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56dc78b114d3a41400c268bd | Who conducted a study on comprehensive schools? | Helmut Fend | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nAccording to a study done by Helmut Fend (who had always been a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools) revealed that comprehensive schools do not help working class students. He compared alumni of the tripartite system to alumni of comprehensive schools. While working class alumni of co... |
56dc78b114d3a41400c268be | To which system did Fend compare comprehensive school alumni? | tripartite system | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nAccording to a study done by Helmut Fend (who had always been a fierce proponent of comprehensive schools) revealed that comprehensive schools do not help working class students. He compared alumni of the tripartite system to alumni of comprehensive schools. While working class alumni of co... |
56dc790614d3a41400c268c1 | When was the first comprehensive school opened in Gibraltar? | 1972 | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nGibraltar opened its first comprehensive school in 1972. Between the ages of 12 and 16 two comprehensive schools cater for girls and boys separately. Students may also continue into the sixth form to complete their A-levels."
] |
56dc790614d3a41400c268c3 | Where can students go after finishing comprehensive school in Gibraltar? | sixth form | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nGibraltar opened its first comprehensive school in 1972. Between the ages of 12 and 16 two comprehensive schools cater for girls and boys separately. Students may also continue into the sixth form to complete their A-levels."
] |
56dc790614d3a41400c268c4 | What examinations do students prepare for in the sixth form? | A-levels | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nGibraltar opened its first comprehensive school in 1972. Between the ages of 12 and 16 two comprehensive schools cater for girls and boys separately. Students may also continue into the sixth form to complete their A-levels."
] |
56dc798714d3a41400c268d1 | When did Ireland first open comprehensive schools? | 1966 | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nComprehensive schools were introduced into Ireland in 1966 by an initiative by Patrick Hillery, Minister for Education, to give a broader range of education compared to that of the vocational school system, which was then the only system of schools completely controlled by the state. Until ... |
56dc798714d3a41400c268d2 | Who was responsible for creating comprehensive schools in Ireland? | Patrick Hillery | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nComprehensive schools were introduced into Ireland in 1966 by an initiative by Patrick Hillery, Minister for Education, to give a broader range of education compared to that of the vocational school system, which was then the only system of schools completely controlled by the state. Until ... |
56dc798714d3a41400c268d3 | What was the only state-run educational system in Ireland prior to comprehensive schools? | vocational school system | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nComprehensive schools were introduced into Ireland in 1966 by an initiative by Patrick Hillery, Minister for Education, to give a broader range of education compared to that of the vocational school system, which was then the only system of schools completely controlled by the state. Until ... |
56dc798714d3a41400c268d4 | What type of school has surpassed comprehensive schools in Ireland? | community school | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nComprehensive schools were introduced into Ireland in 1966 by an initiative by Patrick Hillery, Minister for Education, to give a broader range of education compared to that of the vocational school system, which was then the only system of schools completely controlled by the state. Until ... |
56dc79fc14d3a41400c268d9 | In what decade were community schools conceived? | 1970s | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nIn Ireland comprehensive schools were an earlier model of state schools, introduced in the late 1960s and largely replaced by the secular community model of the 1970s. The comprehensive model generally incorporated older schools that were under Roman Catholic or Protestant ownership, and th... |
56dc79fc14d3a41400c268db | Who owns the land on which Irish comprehensive schools are found? | The state | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nIn Ireland comprehensive schools were an earlier model of state schools, introduced in the late 1960s and largely replaced by the secular community model of the 1970s. The comprehensive model generally incorporated older schools that were under Roman Catholic or Protestant ownership, and th... |
56dc7a7b14d3a41400c268df | What did the community school system remove from the comprehensive school model? | the denominational basis of the schools | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nThe introduction of the community school model in the 1970s controversially removed the denominational basis of the schools, but religious interests were invited to be represented on the Boards of Management. Community schools are divided into two models, the community school vested in the ... |
56dc7a7b14d3a41400c268e1 | What is a term for a grouping of local schools that cannot exist independently? | Community colleges | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nThe introduction of the community school model in the 1970s controversially removed the denominational basis of the schools, but religious interests were invited to be represented on the Boards of Management. Community schools are divided into two models, the community school vested in the ... |
56dc7afb14d3a41400c268e5 | In what year was the Walworth School established? | 1946 | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nThe first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early exam... |
56dc7afb14d3a41400c268e6 | Who established the Walworth School? | London County Council | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nThe first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early exam... |
56dc7afb14d3a41400c268e7 | What comprehensive school was established in Anglesey? | Holyhead County School | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nThe first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early exam... |
56dc7afb14d3a41400c268e8 | When was Holyhead County School established? | 1949 | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nThe first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early exam... |
56dc7afb14d3a41400c268e9 | Which comprehensive school openend in coventry? | Woodlands Boys School | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nThe first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early exam... |
56dc7c3114d3a41400c268ef | Who was responsible for the proliferation of comprehensive schools in 1965? | Anthony Crosland | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nThe largest expansion of comprehensive schools in 1965 resulted from a policy decision taken in 1965 by Anthony Crosland, Secretary of State for Education in the 1964–1970 Labour government. The policy decision was implemented by Circular 10/65, an instruction to local education authorities... |
56dc7c3114d3a41400c268f0 | what was Anthony Crosland's role in government? | Secretary of State for Education | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nThe largest expansion of comprehensive schools in 1965 resulted from a policy decision taken in 1965 by Anthony Crosland, Secretary of State for Education in the 1964–1970 Labour government. The policy decision was implemented by Circular 10/65, an instruction to local education authorities... |
56dc7c3114d3a41400c268f2 | Which type of school was not in widespread usage? | Secondary technical schools | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nThe largest expansion of comprehensive schools in 1965 resulted from a policy decision taken in 1965 by Anthony Crosland, Secretary of State for Education in the 1964–1970 Labour government. The policy decision was implemented by Circular 10/65, an instruction to local education authorities... |
56dc7c9d14d3a41400c268ff | Who was made Secretary of State for Education in 1970? | Margaret Thatcher | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nIn 1970 Margaret Thatcher became Secretary of State for Education of the new Conservative government. She ended the compulsion on local authorities to convert, however, many local authorities were so far down the path that it would have been prohibitively expensive to attempt to reverse the... |
56dc7c9d14d3a41400c26900 | What kind of school did Thatcher end the compulsion for existing schools to convert to? | comprehensive | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nIn 1970 Margaret Thatcher became Secretary of State for Education of the new Conservative government. She ended the compulsion on local authorities to convert, however, many local authorities were so far down the path that it would have been prohibitively expensive to attempt to reverse the... |
56dc7c9d14d3a41400c26901 | What party was in power when Margaret Thatcher was made Secretary of State for Education? | Conservative | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nIn 1970 Margaret Thatcher became Secretary of State for Education of the new Conservative government. She ended the compulsion on local authorities to convert, however, many local authorities were so far down the path that it would have been prohibitively expensive to attempt to reverse the... |
56dc7d3514d3a41400c26905 | By what year did the 11-plus exam mainly fall out of use? | 1975 | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nBy 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number o... |
56dc7d3514d3a41400c26906 | What did secondary modern and grammar schools combine to become? | neighbourhood comprehensives | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nBy 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number o... |
56dc7d3514d3a41400c26907 | Grammar schools that did not close were converted to what? | comprehensive schools | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nBy 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number o... |
56dc7d3514d3a41400c26908 | What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s? | Sandwell and Dudley | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nBy 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number o... |
56dc7d9b14d3a41400c2690d | Who initiated the scrutiny of the educational system in 1976? | James Callaghan | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nIn 1976 the future Labour prime minister James Callaghan launched what became known as the 'great debate' on the education system. He went on to list the areas he felt needed closest scrutiny: the case for a core curriculum, the validity and use of informal teaching methods, the role of sch... |
56dc7d9b14d3a41400c2690e | What is the only kind of school operating in Wales? | Comprehensive school | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nIn 1976 the future Labour prime minister James Callaghan launched what became known as the 'great debate' on the education system. He went on to list the areas he felt needed closest scrutiny: the case for a core curriculum, the validity and use of informal teaching methods, the role of sch... |
56dc7d9b14d3a41400c2690f | Which political party was James Callaghan a member of? | Labour | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nIn 1976 the future Labour prime minister James Callaghan launched what became known as the 'great debate' on the education system. He went on to list the areas he felt needed closest scrutiny: the case for a core curriculum, the validity and use of informal teaching methods, the role of sch... |
56dc7e1b14d3a41400c26919 | What law enables parents full control over their child's education? | Education Reform Act | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nSince the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead. The concept of \"school choice\" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental c... |
56dc7e1b14d3a41400c2691a | In what year was the Education Reform Act made into law? | 1988 | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nSince the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead. The concept of \"school choice\" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental c... |
56dc7e1b14d3a41400c2691b | What concept does the government currently support for education? | specialisation | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nSince the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead. The concept of \"school choice\" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental c... |
56dc7e1b14d3a41400c2691c | Parental choice has informed what controversial practice? | league tables of school performance | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nSince the 1988 Education Reform Act, parents have a right to choose which school their child should go to or whether to not send them to school at all and to home educate them instead. The concept of \"school choice\" introduces the idea of competition between state schools, a fundamental c... |
56dc7e6714d3a41400c26921 | All public primary and secondary schools in Scotland are of what type? | comprehensive | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nScotland has a very different educational system from England and Wales, though also based on comprehensive education. It has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision. All publicly funded primary and secondary schools are comprehe... |
56dc7e6714d3a41400c26922 | What has Scotland refused to adopt? | specialist schools | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nScotland has a very different educational system from England and Wales, though also based on comprehensive education. It has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision. All publicly funded primary and secondary schools are comprehe... |
56dc7e6714d3a41400c26923 | When was Scotland's latest rejection of the specialist school model? | 2005 | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nScotland has a very different educational system from England and Wales, though also based on comprehensive education. It has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision. All publicly funded primary and secondary schools are comprehe... |
56dc7e9a14d3a41400c26927 | Which country is Northern England's school system most different from? | Scotland | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nEducation in Northern Ireland differs slightly from systems used elsewhere in the United Kingdom, but it is more similar to that used in England and Wales than it is to Scotland."
] |
56dc7e9a14d3a41400c26928 | Which countries have school systems somewhat similar to Northern Ireland? | England and Wales | [
"Comprehensive_school\n\nEducation in Northern Ireland differs slightly from systems used elsewhere in the United Kingdom, but it is more similar to that used in England and Wales than it is to Scotland."
] |
56dcd9ef9a695914005b944a | What is the French term for the Republic of the Congo? | République du Congo | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Repub... |
56dcd9ef9a695914005b944b | Which country lies on Congo's northeast border? | Central African Republic | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Repub... |
56dcd9ef9a695914005b944c | Whic country lies on Congo's western border? | Gabon | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Repub... |
56dcd9ef9a695914005b944d | Which country lies on Congo's northwest border? | Cameroon | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Repub... |
56dcd9ef9a695914005b944e | In what part of Africa is the Congo located? | Central Africa | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Repub... |
56dcda7b9a695914005b9454 | What language was spoken in the area that became the Congo? | Bantu | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo-Brazzaville was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. Upon independence in 1960, the former colony of French Congo became the Republic of the Congo. The Peo... |
56dcda7b9a695914005b9455 | When did the Congo gain its independence from colonial rule? | 1960 | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo-Brazzaville was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. Upon independence in 1960, the former colony of French Congo became the Republic of the Congo. The Peo... |
56dcda7b9a695914005b9457 | Who is the ruler of the Congo? | Denis Sassou Nguesso | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo-Brazzaville was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. Upon independence in 1960, the former colony of French Congo became the Republic of the Congo. The Peo... |
56dcda7b9a695914005b9458 | What title does Nguesso hold? | President | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo-Brazzaville was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. Upon independence in 1960, the former colony of French Congo became the Republic of the Congo. The Peo... |
56dcdb2e66d3e219004dab30 | What is the Congo's rank among other oil generating nations in the Gulf of Guinea? | fourth | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe political stability and development of hydrocarbon production made Republic of Congo the fourth largest oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea and provided the country with a relative prosperity despite the poor state of its infrastructure and public services and an unequal distribution of... |
56dcdb2e66d3e219004dab31 | What income is subject to uneven distribution in the Congo? | oil revenues | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe political stability and development of hydrocarbon production made Republic of Congo the fourth largest oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea and provided the country with a relative prosperity despite the poor state of its infrastructure and public services and an unequal distribution of... |
56dcdbe566d3e219004dab35 | What group of people were living in the area that would become the Congo prior to the arrival of Bantu tribes? | Pygmy | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nBantu-speaking peoples who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions largely displaced and absorbed the earliest inhabitants of the region, the Pygmy people, about 1500 BC. The Bakongo, a Bantu ethnic group that also occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of ... |
56dcdbe566d3e219004dab36 | When did Bantu tribes arrive in the area formerly populated by the Pygmy people? | 1500 BC | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nBantu-speaking peoples who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions largely displaced and absorbed the earliest inhabitants of the region, the Pygmy people, about 1500 BC. The Bakongo, a Bantu ethnic group that also occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of ... |
56dcdbe566d3e219004dab37 | The Bakongo were a group derived from which tribes? | Bantu | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nBantu-speaking peoples who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions largely displaced and absorbed the earliest inhabitants of the region, the Pygmy people, about 1500 BC. The Bakongo, a Bantu ethnic group that also occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of ... |
56dcdca466d3e219004dab3d | Whose expedition arrived at the mouth of the Congo River in 1484? | Diogo Cão | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major ... |
56dcdca466d3e219004dab3e | What was Diogo Cao's nationality? | Portuguese | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major ... |
56dcdca466d3e219004dab3f | What did European traders exchange with Bantu people? | commodities, manufactured goods, and people | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major ... |
56dcdca466d3e219004dab40 | When did formal colonization of the Congo River delta begin? | late 19th century | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major ... |
56dcdca466d3e219004dab41 | Colonization reduced the power of what groups in the Congo River basin? | Bantu societies | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major ... |
56dcddb066d3e219004dab47 | When did the French take control of the region to the north of the Congo River? | 1880 | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprisi... |
56dcddb066d3e219004dab48 | Who brokered a traty with the Makoko people? | Pierre de Brazza | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprisi... |
56dcddb066d3e219004dab49 | What was the French Congo's name changed to in 1903? | Middle Congo | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprisi... |
56dcddb066d3e219004dab4a | What group of French colonies was created in 1908? | French Equatorial Africa | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprisi... |
56dcddb066d3e219004dab4b | How many people are estimated to have died as a result of the creation of the Congo-Ocean Railroad? | 14,000 | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprisi... |
56dce55f66d3e219004dab51 | What served as the capital of France in spirit during the Occupation? | Brazzaville | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nDuring the Nazi occupation of France during World War II, Brazzaville functioned as the symbolic capital of Free France between 1940 and 1943. The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy. Congo benefited from the postwar expansion of colon... |
56dce55f66d3e219004dab52 | What meeting brought about changes in France's policy towards its colonies? | Brazzaville Conference of 1944 | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nDuring the Nazi occupation of France during World War II, Brazzaville functioned as the symbolic capital of Free France between 1940 and 1943. The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy. Congo benefited from the postwar expansion of colon... |
56dce55f66d3e219004dab53 | When did Brazzaville get its own local government? | 1946 | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nDuring the Nazi occupation of France during World War II, Brazzaville functioned as the symbolic capital of Free France between 1940 and 1943. The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy. Congo benefited from the postwar expansion of colon... |
56dce55f66d3e219004dab54 | What did the 1946 constitution establish Brazzaville as? | the Fourth Republic | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nDuring the Nazi occupation of France during World War II, Brazzaville functioned as the symbolic capital of Free France between 1940 and 1943. The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy. Congo benefited from the postwar expansion of colon... |
56dce5b69a695914005b9468 | When was the Fifth Republic founded? | 1958 | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nFollowing the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo i... |
56dce5b69a695914005b9469 | What was disbanded in 1958? | the AEF | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nFollowing the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo i... |
56dce5b69a695914005b946a | In 1958, what did the Middle Congo change its name to? | the Republic of the Congo | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nFollowing the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo i... |
56dce5b69a695914005b946b | When did the Congo establish its first constitution? | 1959 | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nFollowing the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo i... |
56dceb899a695914005b9472 | On what date was the Congo made fully independent from colonial rule? | August 15, 1960 | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country br... |
56dceb899a695914005b9473 | Who was the first leader of the independent Congo? | Fulbert Youlou | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country br... |
56dceb899a695914005b9474 | Who replaced Youlou? | Alphonse Massamba-Débat | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country br... |
56dceb899a695914005b9475 | Who were responsible for the revolts that ended with Youlou's removal? | labour elements and rival political parties | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country br... |
56dceb899a695914005b9476 | Who took control of the company during the transition from Youlou to Debat? | Congolese military | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nThe Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country br... |
56dcec399a695914005b947c | Who became president of the Congo in 1963? | Massamba-Débat | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nUnder the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted \"scientific socialism\" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Repu... |
56dcec399a695914005b947e | What was a term that could describe the political philosophy of the Congo under Massamba-Debat? | scientific socialism | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nUnder the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted \"scientific socialism\" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Repu... |
56dcec399a695914005b947f | Soldiers from which country were brought to the Congo? | Cuban | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nUnder the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted \"scientific socialism\" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Repu... |
56dcec399a695914005b9480 | When did Massamba-Debat lose power in the Congo? | September 1968 | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nUnder the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted \"scientific socialism\" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Repu... |
56dcecb79a695914005b9486 | Who became president of the Congo in 1968? | Marien Ngouabi | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nMarien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first \"people's republic\", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to c... |
56dcecb79a695914005b9487 | What did the Congo's name become under Ngouabi? | People's Republic of the Congo | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nMarien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first \"people's republic\", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to c... |
56dcecb79a695914005b9488 | What did the National Revolutionary Movement's name become? | Congolese Labour Party | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nMarien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first \"people's republic\", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to c... |
56dcecb79a695914005b9489 | In what year was a coup attempted against Ngouabi? | 1972 | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nMarien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first \"people's republic\", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to c... |
56dcecb79a695914005b948a | On what date was Ngouabi assassinated? | March 16, 1977 | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nMarien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first \"people's republic\", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to c... |
56dced1b66d3e219004dab59 | Which group of nations did Nguesso side the Congo with? | Eastern Bloc | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nSassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship."
] |
56dced1b66d3e219004dab5a | Which Eastern Bloc nation did Nguesso sign a pact with? | the Soviet Union | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nSassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship."
] |
56dced1b66d3e219004dab5b | What is a word that can be used to describe Sassou's type of government? | dictatorship | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nSassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship."
] |
56dced1b66d3e219004dab5c | What was an important tool of the Sassou government? | political repression | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nSassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship."
] |
56dcedee9a695914005b9498 | Who was elected president of the Congo in 1992? | Pascal Lissouba | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nPascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustme... |
56dcedee9a695914005b9499 | Who supported the measures of liberalisation Lissouba tried to employ to reform the economy? | IMF | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nPascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustme... |
56dcedee9a695914005b949a | What interrupted the renewal of the IMF agreement with the Congo? | civil war | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nPascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustme... |
56dcedee9a695914005b949b | What does ESAF stand for? | enhanced structural adjustment facility | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nPascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustme... |
56dcf6c666d3e219004dab61 | Which two figures clashed over leadership of the Congo in 1997? | Lissouba and Sassou | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nCongo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces sur... |
56dcf6c666d3e219004dab62 | What is the name of Sassou's personal army? | Cobras | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nCongo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces sur... |
56dcf6c666d3e219004dab64 | What nationality were the forces that invaded the Congo to assist Sassou in taking control of the country? | Angolan | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nCongo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces sur... |
56dcf6c666d3e219004dab65 | In what month did Sassou regain the presidency? | October | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nCongo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces sur... |
56dcf81e66d3e219004dab6c | Which politican left the presidential race after supporting a boycott by voters? | Milongo | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nIn the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from... |
56dcf81e66d3e219004dab6d | How long did the presidential term become under the new constitution? | seven years | [
"Republic_of_the_Congo\n\nIn the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from... |
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