id stringlengths 24 24 | question stringlengths 1 270 | answer stringlengths 1 239 | documents listlengths 1 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
572f4f74a23a5019007fc51b | How many annual courses does the CIA University have? | between 200 and 300 | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe CIA established its first training facility, the Office of Training and Education, in 1950. Following the end of the Cold War, the CIA's training budget was slashed, which had a negative effect on employee retention. In response, Director of Central Intelligence George Tenet esta... |
572f508fa23a5019007fc521 | What year was the Central Intelligence Agency Act created? | 1949 | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nDetails of the overall United States intelligence budget are classified. Under the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend \"un-vouchered\" government money. The government has disclosed a tot... |
572f508fa23a5019007fc522 | Who is the only federal employee that can spend un-vouched for money? | the Director of Central Intelligence | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nDetails of the overall United States intelligence budget are classified. Under the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend \"un-vouchered\" government money. The government has disclosed a tot... |
572f508fa23a5019007fc523 | How much money was spent on non-military intelligence in 2013? | $52.6 billion | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nDetails of the overall United States intelligence budget are classified. Under the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend \"un-vouchered\" government money. The government has disclosed a tot... |
572f508fa23a5019007fc524 | What was the 2013 annual budget for the CIA's HUMINT? | $2.3 billion | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nDetails of the overall United States intelligence budget are classified. Under the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend \"un-vouchered\" government money. The government has disclosed a tot... |
572f508fa23a5019007fc525 | What two major things does the CIA's "Covert action programs" include? | drone fleet and anti-Iranian nuclear program activities | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nDetails of the overall United States intelligence budget are classified. Under the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend \"un-vouchered\" government money. The government has disclosed a tot... |
572f51a8a23a5019007fc52b | What was the first year the CIA's budget was disclosed? | 1963 | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThere were numerous previous attempts to obtain general information about the budget. As a result, it was revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was US $550 million (inflation-adjusted US$ 4.3 billion in 2016), and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US $26.... |
572f51a8a23a5019007fc52c | Who disclosed the CIA's budget for 2005? | Mary Margaret Graham | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThere were numerous previous attempts to obtain general information about the budget. As a result, it was revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was US $550 million (inflation-adjusted US$ 4.3 billion in 2016), and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US $26.... |
572f51a8a23a5019007fc52d | What group accidentally published the non CIA budget in 1994? | Congress | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThere were numerous previous attempts to obtain general information about the budget. As a result, it was revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was US $550 million (inflation-adjusted US$ 4.3 billion in 2016), and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US $26.... |
572f51a8a23a5019007fc52e | What plan appropriated $13.7 billion over five years? | the Marshall Plan | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThere were numerous previous attempts to obtain general information about the budget. As a result, it was revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was US $550 million (inflation-adjusted US$ 4.3 billion in 2016), and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US $26.... |
572f51a8a23a5019007fc52f | What percent of the $13.7 billion did the CIA receive? | 5% | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThere were numerous previous attempts to obtain general information about the budget. As a result, it was revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was US $550 million (inflation-adjusted US$ 4.3 billion in 2016), and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US $26.... |
572f52b1947a6a140053c876 | What is the UK's equivalent to the CIA? | Secret Intelligence Service | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe role and functions of the CIA are roughly equivalent to those of the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (the SIS or MI6), the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS), the Egyptian General Intelligence Service, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (Sluzhba Vnes... |
572f52b1947a6a140053c877 | What does ASIS stand for? | Australian Secret Intelligence Service | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe role and functions of the CIA are roughly equivalent to those of the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (the SIS or MI6), the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS), the Egyptian General Intelligence Service, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (Sluzhba Vnes... |
572f52b1947a6a140053c878 | What is the name of Israel's intelligence agency? | Mossad | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe role and functions of the CIA are roughly equivalent to those of the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (the SIS or MI6), the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS), the Egyptian General Intelligence Service, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (Sluzhba Vnes... |
572f52b1947a6a140053c879 | What is the acronym for French's intelligence service? | DGSE | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe role and functions of the CIA are roughly equivalent to those of the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (the SIS or MI6), the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS), the Egyptian General Intelligence Service, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (Sluzhba Vnes... |
572f52b1947a6a140053c87a | What is the acronym for India's Research and Analysis Wing? | RAW | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe role and functions of the CIA are roughly equivalent to those of the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (the SIS or MI6), the Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS), the Egyptian General Intelligence Service, the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (Sluzhba Vnes... |
572f554ea23a5019007fc565 | Which four countries can share communications with the U.S. IC? | Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe closest links of the U.S. IC to other foreign intelligence agencies are to Anglophone countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. There is a special communications marking that signals that intelligence-related messages can be shared with these four countri... |
572f554ea23a5019007fc566 | What does NOFORN stand for? | No Foreign Nationals | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe closest links of the U.S. IC to other foreign intelligence agencies are to Anglophone countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. There is a special communications marking that signals that intelligence-related messages can be shared with these four countri... |
572f554ea23a5019007fc567 | What is the special marking that shows messages can be shared with these other five countries? | USA/AUS/CAN/GBR/NZL Five Eyes | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe closest links of the U.S. IC to other foreign intelligence agencies are to Anglophone countries: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. There is a special communications marking that signals that intelligence-related messages can be shared with these four countri... |
572f5607b2c2fd1400568035 | What president authorized the creation of the intelligence service? | Franklin D. Roosevelt | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe success of the British Commandos during World War II prompted U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to authorize the creation of an intelligence service modeled after the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), and Special Operations Executive. This led to the creation of the O... |
572f5607b2c2fd1400568036 | Who's secret intelligence service was the US's modeled after? | British | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe success of the British Commandos during World War II prompted U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to authorize the creation of an intelligence service modeled after the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), and Special Operations Executive. This led to the creation of the O... |
572f5607b2c2fd1400568037 | What does OSS stand for? | Office of Strategic Services | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe success of the British Commandos during World War II prompted U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to authorize the creation of an intelligence service modeled after the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), and Special Operations Executive. This led to the creation of the O... |
572f5607b2c2fd1400568038 | Who signed the order to get rid of the OSS? | Harry S. Truman | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe success of the British Commandos during World War II prompted U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to authorize the creation of an intelligence service modeled after the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), and Special Operations Executive. This led to the creation of the O... |
572f5607b2c2fd1400568039 | In what year was the OSS dissolved? | 1945 | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe success of the British Commandos during World War II prompted U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to authorize the creation of an intelligence service modeled after the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6), and Special Operations Executive. This led to the creation of the O... |
572f570b04bcaa1900d7685d | Which act got rid of the NIA and the CIG? | National Security Act | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nLawrence Houston, head counsel of the SSU, CIG, and, later CIA, was a principle draftsman of the National Security Act of 1947 which dissolved the NIA and the CIG, and established both the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency. In 1949, Houston would help draf... |
572f570b04bcaa1900d7685e | What program handled "essential aliens" that did not fall under normal immigration policies? | PL-110 | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nLawrence Houston, head counsel of the SSU, CIG, and, later CIA, was a principle draftsman of the National Security Act of 1947 which dissolved the NIA and the CIG, and established both the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency. In 1949, Houston would help draf... |
572f570b04bcaa1900d7685f | Lawrence Houston helped to draft what act in 1949? | Central Intelligence Agency Act | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nLawrence Houston, head counsel of the SSU, CIG, and, later CIA, was a principle draftsman of the National Security Act of 1947 which dissolved the NIA and the CIG, and established both the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency. In 1949, Houston would help draf... |
572f580c947a6a140053c894 | Who was appointed to be the new Director of the CIA in 1950? | Walter Bedell Smith | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nAt the outset of the Korean War the CIA still only had a few thousand employees, a thousand of whom worked in analysis. Intelligence primarily came from the Office of Reports and Estimates, which drew its reports from a daily take of State Department telegrams, military dispatches, a... |
572f580c947a6a140053c895 | Where was most of the CIA's intelligence coming from before 1950? | the Office of Reports and Estimates | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nAt the outset of the Korean War the CIA still only had a few thousand employees, a thousand of whom worked in analysis. Intelligence primarily came from the Office of Reports and Estimates, which drew its reports from a daily take of State Department telegrams, military dispatches, a... |
572f580c947a6a140053c896 | What president announced the new CIA director? | Truman | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nAt the outset of the Korean War the CIA still only had a few thousand employees, a thousand of whom worked in analysis. Intelligence primarily came from the Office of Reports and Estimates, which drew its reports from a daily take of State Department telegrams, military dispatches, a... |
572f58d704bcaa1900d76881 | Who wanted the CIA to have a central group that organized information for him? | Truman | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe CIA had different demands placed on it by the different bodies overseeing it. Truman wanted a centralized group to organize the information that reached him, the Department of Defense wanted military intelligence and covert action, and the State Department wanted to create global... |
572f58d704bcaa1900d76882 | What did the Department of defense want from the CIA? | military intelligence and covert action | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe CIA had different demands placed on it by the different bodies overseeing it. Truman wanted a centralized group to organize the information that reached him, the Department of Defense wanted military intelligence and covert action, and the State Department wanted to create global... |
572f58d704bcaa1900d76883 | What was the State Department hoping for the CIA to do? | create global political change favorable to the US | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe CIA had different demands placed on it by the different bodies overseeing it. Truman wanted a centralized group to organize the information that reached him, the Department of Defense wanted military intelligence and covert action, and the State Department wanted to create global... |
572f58d704bcaa1900d76884 | What was one of the main targets of intelligence gathering? | the Soviet Union | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe CIA had different demands placed on it by the different bodies overseeing it. Truman wanted a centralized group to organize the information that reached him, the Department of Defense wanted military intelligence and covert action, and the State Department wanted to create global... |
572f59d8b2c2fd1400568063 | Who created the Office of Special Operations? | Hoyt Vandenberg | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nUS army general Hoyt Vandenberg, the CIG's second director, created the Office of Special Operations (OSO), as well as the Office of Reports and Estimates (ORE). Initially the OSO was tasked with spying and subversion overseas with a budget of $15 million, the largesse of a small num... |
572f59d8b2c2fd1400568064 | What was the Office of Special Operations initial budget? | $15 million | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nUS army general Hoyt Vandenberg, the CIG's second director, created the Office of Special Operations (OSO), as well as the Office of Reports and Estimates (ORE). Initially the OSO was tasked with spying and subversion overseas with a budget of $15 million, the largesse of a small num... |
572f59d8b2c2fd1400568065 | Who was the OSO trying to track and gain intelligence on? | the Soviet forces | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nUS army general Hoyt Vandenberg, the CIG's second director, created the Office of Special Operations (OSO), as well as the Office of Reports and Estimates (ORE). Initially the OSO was tasked with spying and subversion overseas with a budget of $15 million, the largesse of a small num... |
572f59d8b2c2fd1400568066 | What does ORE stand for? | Office of Reports and Estimates | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nUS army general Hoyt Vandenberg, the CIG's second director, created the Office of Special Operations (OSO), as well as the Office of Reports and Estimates (ORE). Initially the OSO was tasked with spying and subversion overseas with a budget of $15 million, the largesse of a small num... |
572f5ad0b2c2fd1400568073 | Directive 10/2 called for actions against who? | the USSR | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nOn 18 June 1948, the National Security Council issued Directive 10/2 calling for covert action against the USSR, and granting the authority to carry out covert operations against \"hostile foreign states or groups\" that could, if needed, be denied by the U.S. government. To this end... |
572f5ad0b2c2fd1400568074 | In what year was directive 10/2 issued? | 1948 | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nOn 18 June 1948, the National Security Council issued Directive 10/2 calling for covert action against the USSR, and granting the authority to carry out covert operations against \"hostile foreign states or groups\" that could, if needed, be denied by the U.S. government. To this end... |
572f5ad0b2c2fd1400568075 | Who was the head of the OPC? | Frank Wisner | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nOn 18 June 1948, the National Security Council issued Directive 10/2 calling for covert action against the USSR, and granting the authority to carry out covert operations against \"hostile foreign states or groups\" that could, if needed, be denied by the U.S. government. To this end... |
572f5ad0b2c2fd1400568076 | Most CIA stations had how many chiefs? | two | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nOn 18 June 1948, the National Security Council issued Directive 10/2 calling for covert action against the USSR, and granting the authority to carry out covert operations against \"hostile foreign states or groups\" that could, if needed, be denied by the U.S. government. To this end... |
572f5c68a23a5019007fc5a1 | How many troops did the Chinese enter into the Korean War? | 300,000 | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe early track record of the CIA was poor, with the agency unable to provide sufficient intelligence about the Soviet takeovers of Romania and Czechoslovakia, the Soviet blockade of Berlin, and the Soviet atomic bomb project. In particular, the agency failed to predict the Chinese e... |
572f5c68a23a5019007fc5a2 | Who compromised hundreds of airdrops? | Kim Philby | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe early track record of the CIA was poor, with the agency unable to provide sufficient intelligence about the Soviet takeovers of Romania and Czechoslovakia, the Soviet blockade of Berlin, and the Soviet atomic bomb project. In particular, the agency failed to predict the Chinese e... |
572f5c68a23a5019007fc5a3 | Who was a Russian translator and Soviet Spy? | Bill Weisband | [
"Central_Intelligence_Agency\n\nThe early track record of the CIA was poor, with the agency unable to provide sufficient intelligence about the Soviet takeovers of Romania and Czechoslovakia, the Soviet blockade of Berlin, and the Soviet atomic bomb project. In particular, the agency failed to predict the Chinese e... |
572f52dc947a6a140053c880 | What type of stimuli causes pain? | intense or damaging | [
"Pain\n\nPain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli, such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting alcohol on a cut, and bumping the \"funny bone\". Because it is a complex, subjective phenomenon, defining pain has been a challenge. The International Association for the Study of P... |
572f52dc947a6a140053c881 | What type of feeling is pain? | distressing | [
"Pain\n\nPain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli, such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting alcohol on a cut, and bumping the \"funny bone\". Because it is a complex, subjective phenomenon, defining pain has been a challenge. The International Association for the Study of P... |
572f52dc947a6a140053c882 | Why has defining pain been a challenge? | complex, subjective phenomenon | [
"Pain\n\nPain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli, such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting alcohol on a cut, and bumping the \"funny bone\". Because it is a complex, subjective phenomenon, defining pain has been a challenge. The International Association for the Study of P... |
572f52dc947a6a140053c883 | What organization's definition is widely used? | The International Association for the Study of Pain | [
"Pain\n\nPain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli, such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting alcohol on a cut, and bumping the \"funny bone\". Because it is a complex, subjective phenomenon, defining pain has been a challenge. The International Association for the Study of P... |
572f52dc947a6a140053c884 | In medical diagnosis, what is pain considered? | a symptom | [
"Pain\n\nPain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli, such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting alcohol on a cut, and bumping the \"funny bone\". Because it is a complex, subjective phenomenon, defining pain has been a challenge. The International Association for the Study of P... |
572f539cb2c2fd1400568023 | What is the most common reason people go to the doctor in first world countries? | Pain | [
"Pain\n\nPain is the most common reason for physician consultation in most developed countries. It is a major symptom in many medical conditions, and can interfere with a person's quality of life and general functioning. Psychological factors such as social support, hypnotic suggestion, excitement, or distraction c... |
572f539cb2c2fd1400568024 | How can pain effect a person's quality of life and general functioning? | interfere | [
"Pain\n\nPain is the most common reason for physician consultation in most developed countries. It is a major symptom in many medical conditions, and can interfere with a person's quality of life and general functioning. Psychological factors such as social support, hypnotic suggestion, excitement, or distraction c... |
572f539cb2c2fd1400568025 | Excitement and distraction are what type of factors which affect pain's intensity? | Psychological | [
"Pain\n\nPain is the most common reason for physician consultation in most developed countries. It is a major symptom in many medical conditions, and can interfere with a person's quality of life and general functioning. Psychological factors such as social support, hypnotic suggestion, excitement, or distraction c... |
572f539cb2c2fd1400568026 | What has pain sometimes been used as an argument to allow terminally ill patients the right to do? | end their lives | [
"Pain\n\nPain is the most common reason for physician consultation in most developed countries. It is a major symptom in many medical conditions, and can interfere with a person's quality of life and general functioning. Psychological factors such as social support, hypnotic suggestion, excitement, or distraction c... |
572f5441a23a5019007fc547 | What year did the IASP respond to the need to create a more useful system for describing pain? | 1994 | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1994, responding to the need for a more useful system for describing chronic pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) classified pain according to specific characteristics: (1) region of the body involved (e.g. abdomen, lower limbs), (2) system whose dysfunction may be causing th... |
572f5441a23a5019007fc548 | How many classes of pain does the IASP system note? | 5 | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1994, responding to the need for a more useful system for describing chronic pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) classified pain according to specific characteristics: (1) region of the body involved (e.g. abdomen, lower limbs), (2) system whose dysfunction may be causing th... |
572f5441a23a5019007fc549 | Who has criticized the IASP's system? | Clifford J. Woolf and others | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1994, responding to the need for a more useful system for describing chronic pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) classified pain according to specific characteristics: (1) region of the body involved (e.g. abdomen, lower limbs), (2) system whose dysfunction may be causing th... |
572f5441a23a5019007fc54a | What do some people feel the IASP's system is inadequate for? | guiding research and treatment | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1994, responding to the need for a more useful system for describing chronic pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) classified pain according to specific characteristics: (1) region of the body involved (e.g. abdomen, lower limbs), (2) system whose dysfunction may be causing th... |
572f5441a23a5019007fc54b | How many classes of research does Woolf encourage? | three | [
"Pain\n\nIn 1994, responding to the need for a more useful system for describing chronic pain, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) classified pain according to specific characteristics: (1) region of the body involved (e.g. abdomen, lower limbs), (2) system whose dysfunction may be causing th... |
572f6c5904bcaa1900d76921 | What is usually temporary? | Pain | [
"Pain\n\nPain is usually transitory, lasting only until the noxious stimulus is removed or the underlying damage or pathology has healed, but some painful conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral neuropathy, cancer and idiopathic pain, may persist for years. Pain that lasts a long time is called chronic... |
572f6c5904bcaa1900d76922 | How long does pain tend to last? | only until the noxious stimulus is removed | [
"Pain\n\nPain is usually transitory, lasting only until the noxious stimulus is removed or the underlying damage or pathology has healed, but some painful conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral neuropathy, cancer and idiopathic pain, may persist for years. Pain that lasts a long time is called chronic... |
572f6c5904bcaa1900d76923 | What is pain which resolves quickly called? | acute | [
"Pain\n\nPain is usually transitory, lasting only until the noxious stimulus is removed or the underlying damage or pathology has healed, but some painful conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral neuropathy, cancer and idiopathic pain, may persist for years. Pain that lasts a long time is called chronic... |
572f6c5904bcaa1900d76924 | What has the distinction between acute and chronic pain been arbitrarily measured by? | interval of time from onset | [
"Pain\n\nPain is usually transitory, lasting only until the noxious stimulus is removed or the underlying damage or pathology has healed, but some painful conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral neuropathy, cancer and idiopathic pain, may persist for years. Pain that lasts a long time is called chronic... |
572f6c5904bcaa1900d76925 | What might chronic pain sometimes be referred to as? | cancer pain | [
"Pain\n\nPain is usually transitory, lasting only until the noxious stimulus is removed or the underlying damage or pathology has healed, but some painful conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral neuropathy, cancer and idiopathic pain, may persist for years. Pain that lasts a long time is called chronic... |
572f6d0aa23a5019007fc603 | Stimulating nociceptors will induce which type of pain? | Nociceptive | [
"Pain\n\nNociceptive pain is caused by stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity (nociceptors), and may be classified according to the mode of noxious stimulation. The most common categories are \"thermal\" (e.g. heat or cold), \"mechanical\" (e.g. cru... |
572f6d0aa23a5019007fc604 | How is nociceptive pain classified? | according to the mode of noxious stimulation | [
"Pain\n\nNociceptive pain is caused by stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity (nociceptors), and may be classified according to the mode of noxious stimulation. The most common categories are \"thermal\" (e.g. heat or cold), \"mechanical\" (e.g. cru... |
572f6d0aa23a5019007fc605 | The thermal category of pain deals with which two temperature ranges? | heat or cold | [
"Pain\n\nNociceptive pain is caused by stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity (nociceptors), and may be classified according to the mode of noxious stimulation. The most common categories are \"thermal\" (e.g. heat or cold), \"mechanical\" (e.g. cru... |
572f6d0aa23a5019007fc606 | Crushing, tearing and shearing are examples of which type of pain? | mechanical | [
"Pain\n\nNociceptive pain is caused by stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity (nociceptors), and may be classified according to the mode of noxious stimulation. The most common categories are \"thermal\" (e.g. heat or cold), \"mechanical\" (e.g. cru... |
572f6d0aa23a5019007fc607 | What is the term for nociceptors which respond to more than one type of stimuli? | polymodal | [
"Pain\n\nNociceptive pain is caused by stimulation of peripheral nerve fibers that respond to stimuli approaching or exceeding harmful intensity (nociceptors), and may be classified according to the mode of noxious stimulation. The most common categories are \"thermal\" (e.g. heat or cold), \"mechanical\" (e.g. cru... |
572f6db904bcaa1900d76935 | What type of of pain is visceral a division of? | Nociceptive | [
"Pain\n\nNociceptive pain may also be divided into \"visceral\", \"deep somatic\" and \"superficial somatic\" pain. Visceral structures are highly sensitive to stretch, ischemia and inflammation, but relatively insensitive to other stimuli that normally evoke pain in other structures, such as burning and cutting. V... |
572f6db904bcaa1900d76936 | What type of structures are sensitive to being stretched but not very sensitive to burning? | Visceral | [
"Pain\n\nNociceptive pain may also be divided into \"visceral\", \"deep somatic\" and \"superficial somatic\" pain. Visceral structures are highly sensitive to stretch, ischemia and inflammation, but relatively insensitive to other stimuli that normally evoke pain in other structures, such as burning and cutting. V... |
572f6db904bcaa1900d76937 | What can visceral pain be accompanied by? | nausea and vomiting | [
"Pain\n\nNociceptive pain may also be divided into \"visceral\", \"deep somatic\" and \"superficial somatic\" pain. Visceral structures are highly sensitive to stretch, ischemia and inflammation, but relatively insensitive to other stimuli that normally evoke pain in other structures, such as burning and cutting. V... |
572f6db904bcaa1900d76938 | Which type of pain is dull, aching and hard to pin-point? | Deep somatic | [
"Pain\n\nNociceptive pain may also be divided into \"visceral\", \"deep somatic\" and \"superficial somatic\" pain. Visceral structures are highly sensitive to stretch, ischemia and inflammation, but relatively insensitive to other stimuli that normally evoke pain in other structures, such as burning and cutting. V... |
572f6db904bcaa1900d76939 | What type of pain are first degree burns classified as causing? | Superficial | [
"Pain\n\nNociceptive pain may also be divided into \"visceral\", \"deep somatic\" and \"superficial somatic\" pain. Visceral structures are highly sensitive to stretch, ischemia and inflammation, but relatively insensitive to other stimuli that normally evoke pain in other structures, such as burning and cutting. V... |
572f6f8b947a6a140053c954 | What percentage of people who've had upper limbs amputated feel phantom pain? | nearly 82% | [
"Pain\n\nThe prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight days after amputation, 72 percent of patients had phantom limb pain, and six months later, 65 percent reported it. Some amputees experience continuous pain that varies in inten... |
572f6f8b947a6a140053c955 | What is the percentage of of phantom pain felt by lower limb amputees? | 54% | [
"Pain\n\nThe prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight days after amputation, 72 percent of patients had phantom limb pain, and six months later, 65 percent reported it. Some amputees experience continuous pain that varies in inten... |
572f6f8b947a6a140053c956 | After six months, what percentage of people who had limbs amputated still felt pain in those limbs? | 65 percent | [
"Pain\n\nThe prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight days after amputation, 72 percent of patients had phantom limb pain, and six months later, 65 percent reported it. Some amputees experience continuous pain that varies in inten... |
572f6f8b947a6a140053c957 | What may happen with intact body parts if there is continuous pain for a long period? | become sensitized | [
"Pain\n\nThe prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight days after amputation, 72 percent of patients had phantom limb pain, and six months later, 65 percent reported it. Some amputees experience continuous pain that varies in inten... |
572f6f8b947a6a140053c958 | What may accompany urination for amputees? | phantom limb pain | [
"Pain\n\nThe prevalence of phantom pain in upper limb amputees is nearly 82%, and in lower limb amputees is 54%. One study found that eight days after amputation, 72 percent of patients had phantom limb pain, and six months later, 65 percent reported it. Some amputees experience continuous pain that varies in inten... |
572f706ab2c2fd140056811b | What happens when an anesthetic injection is directed into the nerves a limb stump? | may relieve pain | [
"Pain\n\nLocal anesthetic injections into the nerves or sensitive areas of the stump may relieve pain for days, weeks, or sometimes permanently, despite the drug wearing off in a matter of hours; and small injections of hypertonic saline into the soft tissue between vertebrae produces local pain that radiates into ... |
572f706ab2c2fd140056811c | How long can an anesthetic, at max, relieve pain for, despite wearing off in only hours? | permanently | [
"Pain\n\nLocal anesthetic injections into the nerves or sensitive areas of the stump may relieve pain for days, weeks, or sometimes permanently, despite the drug wearing off in a matter of hours; and small injections of hypertonic saline into the soft tissue between vertebrae produces local pain that radiates into ... |
572f706ab2c2fd140056811d | What is injected in small amounts into the soft tissue between vertebrae to produce local pain? | hypertonic saline | [
"Pain\n\nLocal anesthetic injections into the nerves or sensitive areas of the stump may relieve pain for days, weeks, or sometimes permanently, despite the drug wearing off in a matter of hours; and small injections of hypertonic saline into the soft tissue between vertebrae produces local pain that radiates into ... |
572f706ab2c2fd140056811e | Vibrating the stump of an amputee's limb can produce what in some patients? | relief | [
"Pain\n\nLocal anesthetic injections into the nerves or sensitive areas of the stump may relieve pain for days, weeks, or sometimes permanently, despite the drug wearing off in a matter of hours; and small injections of hypertonic saline into the soft tissue between vertebrae produces local pain that radiates into ... |
572f70f1b2c2fd1400568123 | What is paraplegia? | loss of sensation and voluntary motor control | [
"Pain\n\nParaplegia, the loss of sensation and voluntary motor control after serious spinal cord damage, may be accompanied by girdle pain at the level of the spinal cord damage, visceral pain evoked by a filling bladder or bowel, or, in five to ten per cent of paraplegics, phantom body pain in areas of complete se... |
572f70f1b2c2fd1400568124 | What can cause paraplegia? | serious spinal cord damage, | [
"Pain\n\nParaplegia, the loss of sensation and voluntary motor control after serious spinal cord damage, may be accompanied by girdle pain at the level of the spinal cord damage, visceral pain evoked by a filling bladder or bowel, or, in five to ten per cent of paraplegics, phantom body pain in areas of complete se... |
572f70f1b2c2fd1400568125 | What is the initial phantom body pain sensation experienced by people with spinal cord damage? | burning or tingling | [
"Pain\n\nParaplegia, the loss of sensation and voluntary motor control after serious spinal cord damage, may be accompanied by girdle pain at the level of the spinal cord damage, visceral pain evoked by a filling bladder or bowel, or, in five to ten per cent of paraplegics, phantom body pain in areas of complete se... |
572f70f1b2c2fd1400568126 | The sensation of a knife twisting in the flesh is an example of what type of pain? | phantom body | [
"Pain\n\nParaplegia, the loss of sensation and voluntary motor control after serious spinal cord damage, may be accompanied by girdle pain at the level of the spinal cord damage, visceral pain evoked by a filling bladder or bowel, or, in five to ten per cent of paraplegics, phantom body pain in areas of complete se... |
572f70f1b2c2fd1400568127 | What is an inefficient treatment for chronic pain which rarely provides any sort of true relief? | Surgical | [
"Pain\n\nParaplegia, the loss of sensation and voluntary motor control after serious spinal cord damage, may be accompanied by girdle pain at the level of the spinal cord damage, visceral pain evoked by a filling bladder or bowel, or, in five to ten per cent of paraplegics, phantom body pain in areas of complete se... |
572f71d1b2c2fd140056812d | When people have long-term pain, what do they frequently display? | psychological disturbance | [
"Pain\n\nPeople with long-term pain frequently display psychological disturbance, with elevated scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales of hysteria, depression and hypochondriasis (the \"neurotic triad\"). Some investigators have argued that it is this neuroticism that causes acute pain to ... |
572f71d1b2c2fd140056812e | What triad are the inventory scales of hysteria, depression and hypochondriasis classified as? | neurotic | [
"Pain\n\nPeople with long-term pain frequently display psychological disturbance, with elevated scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales of hysteria, depression and hypochondriasis (the \"neurotic triad\"). Some investigators have argued that it is this neuroticism that causes acute pain to ... |
572f71d1b2c2fd140056812f | Clinical evidence indicates that neuroticism is caused by what? | chronic pain | [
"Pain\n\nPeople with long-term pain frequently display psychological disturbance, with elevated scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales of hysteria, depression and hypochondriasis (the \"neurotic triad\"). Some investigators have argued that it is this neuroticism that causes acute pain to ... |
572f71d1b2c2fd1400568130 | If long-term pain can be relieved by therapy, what does a person's neurotic triad score do? | fall | [
"Pain\n\nPeople with long-term pain frequently display psychological disturbance, with elevated scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales of hysteria, depression and hypochondriasis (the \"neurotic triad\"). Some investigators have argued that it is this neuroticism that causes acute pain to ... |
572f71d1b2c2fd1400568131 | What shows improvement in many patients once their pain has been resolved? | Self-esteem | [
"Pain\n\nPeople with long-term pain frequently display psychological disturbance, with elevated scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory scales of hysteria, depression and hypochondriasis (the \"neurotic triad\"). Some investigators have argued that it is this neuroticism that causes acute pain to ... |
572f742404bcaa1900d76975 | What is the term for pain which is acute and note alleviated by normal pain management? | Breakthrough | [
"Pain\n\nBreakthrough pain is transitory acute pain that comes on suddenly and is not alleviated by the patient's normal pain management. It is common in cancer patients who often have background pain that is generally well-controlled by medications, but who also sometimes experience bouts of severe pain that from ... |
572f742404bcaa1900d76976 | How do cancer patients usually control their background pain? | medications | [
"Pain\n\nBreakthrough pain is transitory acute pain that comes on suddenly and is not alleviated by the patient's normal pain management. It is common in cancer patients who often have background pain that is generally well-controlled by medications, but who also sometimes experience bouts of severe pain that from ... |
572f742404bcaa1900d76977 | Who is breakthrough pain common among? | cancer patients | [
"Pain\n\nBreakthrough pain is transitory acute pain that comes on suddenly and is not alleviated by the patient's normal pain management. It is common in cancer patients who often have background pain that is generally well-controlled by medications, but who also sometimes experience bouts of severe pain that from ... |
572f742404bcaa1900d76978 | What class of medication is fentanyl an example of? | opioids | [
"Pain\n\nBreakthrough pain is transitory acute pain that comes on suddenly and is not alleviated by the patient's normal pain management. It is common in cancer patients who often have background pain that is generally well-controlled by medications, but who also sometimes experience bouts of severe pain that from ... |
572f742404bcaa1900d76979 | What activity in relation to breakthrough pain requires heavy use of opiods? | Management | [
"Pain\n\nBreakthrough pain is transitory acute pain that comes on suddenly and is not alleviated by the patient's normal pain management. It is common in cancer patients who often have background pain that is generally well-controlled by medications, but who also sometimes experience bouts of severe pain that from ... |
572f7534a23a5019007fc641 | IASP's definition of pain includes what aspect as an essential part? | unpleasantness | [
"Pain\n\nAlthough unpleasantness is an essential part of the IASP definition of pain, it is possible to induce a state described as intense pain devoid of unpleasantness in some patients, with morphine injection or psychosurgery. Such patients report that they have pain but are not bothered by it; they recognize th... |
572f7534a23a5019007fc642 | What is it possible to induce which is, contrary to expectations, devoid of unpleasantness? | a state described as intense pain | [
"Pain\n\nAlthough unpleasantness is an essential part of the IASP definition of pain, it is possible to induce a state described as intense pain devoid of unpleasantness in some patients, with morphine injection or psychosurgery. Such patients report that they have pain but are not bothered by it; they recognize th... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.